ENTERGY LOUISIANA, LLC Form 10-Q filing Q2 FY2025

Page Number

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 23

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 24

Consolidated Balance Sheets 26

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 28

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 1. Commitments and Contingencies 30

Note 2. Rate and Regulatory Matters 31

Note 3. Equity 40

Note 4. Revolving Credit Facilities, Lines of Credit, Short-term Borrowings, and Long-term Debt 46

Note 5. Stock-based Compensation 51

Note 6. Retirement and Other Postretirement Benefits 52

Note 7. Business Segment Information 59

Note 8. Risk Management and Fair Values 62

Note 9. Decommissioning Trust Funds 75

Note 10. Income Taxes 81

Note 11. Variable Interest Entities 82

Note 12. Revenue 83

Note 13. Held for Sale and Dispositions 86

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 89

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 89

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis 90

Consolidated Income Statements 100

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 101

Consolidated Balance Sheets 102

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 104

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis 105

Consolidated Income Statements 119

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 120

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 121

Consolidated Balance Sheets 122

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 124

Item 6. Exhibits 183 Signature 185

DEFINITIONS

Certain abbreviations or acronyms used in the text and notes are defined below:

Abbreviation or Acronym Term

AFUDC Allowance for Funds Used During Construction

ALJ Administrative Law Judge

ANO 1 and 2 Units 1 and 2 of Arkansas Nuclear One (nuclear), owned by Entergy Arkansas

APSC Arkansas Public Service Commission

Board Board of Directors of Entergy Corporation

Cajun Cajun Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.

capacity factor Actual plant output divided by maximum potential plant output for the period

City Council Council of the City of New Orleans, Louisiana

COVID-19 The novel coronavirus disease declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in March 2020

D.C. Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

DOE United States Department of Energy

Entergy Entergy Corporation and its direct and indirect subsidiaries

Entergy Corporation Entergy Corporation, a Delaware corporation

Entergy Gulf States, Inc. Predecessor company for financial reporting purposes to Entergy Gulf States Louisiana that included the assets and business operations of both Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Texas

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, L.L.C., a Louisiana limited liability company formally created as part of the jurisdictional separation of Entergy Gulf States, Inc. and the successor company to Entergy Gulf States, Inc. for financial reporting purposes. The term is also used to refer to the Louisiana jurisdictional business of Entergy Gulf States, Inc., as the context requires. Effective October 1, 2015, the business of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana was combined with Entergy Louisiana.

Entergy Louisiana Entergy Louisiana, LLC, a Texas limited liability company formally created as part of the combination of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and the company formerly known as Entergy Louisiana, LLC (Old Entergy Louisiana) into a single public utility company and the successor to Old Entergy Louisiana for financial reporting purposes

Entergy Texas Entergy Texas, Inc., a Texas corporation formally created as part of the jurisdictional separation of Entergy Gulf States, Inc. The term is also used to refer to the Texas jurisdictional business of Entergy Gulf States, Inc., as the context requires.

Entergy Wholesale Commodities Prior to January 1, 2023, one of Entergy’s reportable business segments consisting of non-utility business activities primarily comprised of the ownership, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, the ownership of interests in non-nuclear power plants, and the sale of the electric power produced by its operating power plants to wholesale customers

EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Form 10-K Annual Report on Form 10-K for the calendar year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC by Entergy Corporation and its Registrant Subsidiaries

GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

Grand Gulf Unit No. 1 of Grand Gulf Nuclear Station (nuclear), 90% owned or leased by System Energy

GWh Gigawatt-hour(s), which equals one million kilowatt-hours

IRS Internal Revenue Service

ISO Independent System Operator

kV Kilovolt

DEFINITIONS (Concluded)

Abbreviation or Acronym Term

kW Kilowatt, which equals one thousand watts

kWh Kilowatt-hour(s)

LPSC Louisiana Public Service Commission

LURC Louisiana Utilities Restoration Corporation

MISO Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc., a regional transmission organization

MMBtu One million British Thermal Units

MPSC Mississippi Public Service Commission

MW Megawatt(s), which equals one thousand kilowatts

MWh Megawatt-hour(s)

Nelson Unit 6 Unit No. 6 (coal) of the Nelson Steam Electric Generating Station, 70% of which is co-owned by Entergy Louisiana (57.5%) and Entergy Texas (42.5%) and 10.9% of which is owned by EAM Nelson Holding, LLC

Net debt to net capital ratio Gross debt less cash and cash equivalents divided by total capitalization less cash and cash equivalents, which is a non-GAAP measure

NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Palisades Palisades Nuclear Plant (nuclear), previously owned as part of Entergy’s non-utility business, which ceased power production in May 2022 and was sold in June 2022

Parent & Other The portions of Entergy not included in the Utility segment, primarily consisting of the activities of the parent company, Entergy Corporation, and other business activity, including Entergy’s non-utility operations business which owns interests in non-nuclear power plants that sell the electric power produced by those plants to wholesale customers and also provides decommissioning services to nuclear power plants owned by non-affiliated entities in the United States

PPA Purchased power agreement or power purchase agreement

PUCT Public Utility Commission of Texas

Registrant Subsidiaries Entergy Arkansas, LLC, Entergy Louisiana, LLC, Entergy Mississippi, LLC, Entergy New Orleans, LLC, Entergy Texas, Inc., and System Energy Resources, Inc.

River Bend River Bend Station (nuclear), owned by Entergy Louisiana

SEC Securities and Exchange Commission

System Agreement Agreement, effective January 1, 1983, as modified, among the Utility operating companies relating to the sharing of generating capacity and other power resources. The agreement terminated effective August 2016.

System Energy System Energy Resources, Inc.

Unit Power Sales Agreement Agreement, dated as of June 10, 1982, as amended and approved by the FERC, among Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and System Energy, relating to the sale of capacity and energy from System Energy’s share of Grand Gulf

Utility Entergy’s reportable segment that generates, transmits, distributes, and sells electric power, with a small amount of natural gas distribution in portions of Louisiana

Utility operating companies Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas

Waterford 3 Unit No. 3 (nuclear) of the Waterford Steam Electric Station, owned by Entergy Louisiana

weather-adjusted usage Electric usage excluding the effects of deviations from normal weather

White Bluff White Bluff Steam Electric Generating Station, 57% owned by Entergy Arkansas

ENTERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Entergy operates primarily through a single reportable segment, Utility. The Utility segment includes the generation, transmission, distribution, and sale of electric power in portions of Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, and Louisiana, including the City of New Orleans; and operation of a small natural gas distribution business in portions of Louisiana through June 30, 2025. See Note 13 to the financial statements herein and the “Held for Sale - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” section in Note 14 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. See Note 7 to the financial statements herein for discussion of and financial information regarding Entergy’s reportable segment.

Results of Operations

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Following are income statement variances for Utility, Parent & Other, and Entergy comparing the second quarter 2025 to the second quarter 2024 showing how much the line item increased or (decreased) in comparison to the prior period.

(a)Parent & Other includes eliminations, which are primarily intersegment activity.

Second quarter 2024 results of operations include: (1) a $317 million ($250 million net-of-tax) settlement charge, reflected in Parent & Other above, recognized as a result of a group annuity contract purchased in May 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities; and (2) expenses of $151 million ($112 million net-of-tax), recorded at Utility in second quarter 2024, primarily consisting of regulatory charges to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. See Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the group annuity contract

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

and settlement charge. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement.

Operating Revenues

Utility

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the second quarter 2025 to the second quarter 2024:

The Utility operating companies’ results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to:

• an increase in Entergy Arkansas’s formula rate plan rates effective January 2025;
• an increase in Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan revenues, including an increase in the distribution recovery mechanism, effective September 2024;
• an increase in Entergy Mississippi’s formula rate plan rates effective July 2024 and an increase in the interim facilities rate adjustment revenues effective January 2025; and
• the implementation of the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective with the first billing cycle in October 2024 and an increase in the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective in late December 2024, each at Entergy Texas.

See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the regulatory proceedings discussed above.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in weather-adjusted residential usage and an increase in industrial usage, partially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales. The increase in weather-adjusted residential usage is primarily due to an increase in customers. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the primary metals, chlor-alkali, and technology industries. The increased usage from these industrial customers has a relatively smaller effect on operating revenues because a larger portion of the revenues from these customers comes from fixed charges.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Utility for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Items

Utility

Purchased power includes an increase in second quarter 2025 of $20 million in costs, at Entergy Texas, related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, including the effect of a significant increase in MISO’s seasonal auction clearing price, due to the implementation of a reliability-based demand curve, for capacity transactions during the summer months. Although Entergy Texas does not have the ability to recover its MISO capacity costs incurred to date beyond the level included in base rates, in June 2025, Texas legislation established a capacity cost recovery rider mechanism that would allow for the recovery of costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction outside of base rates, through a rider that is updated annually. Entergy Texas plans to file for such a rider to recover future capacity procurement costs at the earliest opportunity in 2026.

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased from $686 million for the second quarter 2024 to $713 million for the second quarter 2025 primarily due to:

• an increase of $12 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024;
• an increase of $10 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs;
• an increase of $9 million in bad debt expense;
• an increase of $5 million in storm damage provisions; and
• several individually insignificant items.

The increase was partially offset by contract costs of $12 million, in second quarter 2024, related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives and a decrease of $7 million in nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service and an increase in nuclear depreciation rates at Entergy Louisiana effective September 2024 in accordance with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024. The increase was partially offset by the recognition of $14 million in depreciation expense in second quarter 2024 at Entergy Texas for the 2022 base rate case relate back period, effective over six months beginning January 2024. The recognition of depreciation expense for the relate back period was effective over the same period as collections from the relate back surcharge rider and resulted in no effect on net income. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Entergy Louisiana global stipulated settlement agreement. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2022 base rate case at Entergy Texas.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes regulatory charges of $150 million, recorded by Entergy Louisiana in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement. In addition, Entergy records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue.

Other income increased primarily due to:

• an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project, each at Entergy Texas;
• a $17 million true-up of Entergy Louisiana’s MISO cost recovery mechanism over-recovery balance to the 2024 formula rate plan filing, which was filed with the LPSC in May 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing; and
• an increase of $9 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances for construction.

The increase was partially offset by changes in decommissioning trust fund activity, including portfolio rebalancing of decommissioning trust funds in second quarter 2024.

Interest expense increased primarily due to:

• the issuance by Entergy Louisiana of $700 million of 5.15% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024;
• the issuance by Entergy Louisiana of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025;
• the issuance by Entergy Mississippi of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025;
• the issuance by Entergy Texas of $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds in February 2025; and
• carrying costs of $10 million in 2025 on customer advances for construction.

The increase was partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project, each at Entergy Texas.

Parent and Other

Other income (deductions) increased primarily due to a $317 million ($250 million net-of-tax) non-cash settlement charge recognized in second quarter 2024 as a result of a group annuity contract purchased in May 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities. See Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the group annuity contract and settlement charge.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rate was 22.7% for the second quarter 2025. The difference in the effective income tax rate for the second quarter 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% was primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, partially offset by book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction and certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

The effective income tax rate was 39.4% for the second quarter 2024. The difference in the effective income tax rate for the second quarter 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% was primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, a provision for uncertain tax positions, and the amortization of accumulated deferred income taxes as a result of tax rate changes, partially offset by certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items and book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Following are income statement variances for Utility, Parent & Other, and Entergy comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024 showing how much the line item increased or (decreased) in comparison to the prior period.

(a)Parent & Other includes eliminations, which are primarily intersegment activity.

Results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 include: (1) a $317 million ($250 million net-of-tax) settlement charge, reflected in Parent & Other above, recognized as a result of a group annuity contract purchased in May 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities; (2) expenses of $151 million ($112 million net-of-tax), recorded at Utility in second quarter 2024, primarily consisting of regulatory charges to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023; (3) a $132 million ($97 million net-of-tax) charge, recorded at Utility, to reflect the write-off of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the Entergy Arkansas opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024; and (4) a $78 million ($57 million net-of-tax) regulatory charge, recorded at Utility in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. See Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the group annuity contract and settlement charge. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Entergy

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Arkansas opportunity sales proceeding. See Note 3 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the April 2024 settlement in principle and the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

Operating Revenues

Utility

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024:

The Utility operating companies’ results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to:

• an increase in Entergy Arkansas’s formula rate plan rates effective January 2025;
• an increase in Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan revenues, including an increase in the distribution recovery mechanism, effective September 2024;
• increases in Entergy Mississippi’s formula rate plan rates effective April 2024 and July 2024 and an increase in the interim facilities rate adjustment revenues effective January 2025; and
• the implementation of the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective with the first billing cycle in October 2024 and an increase in the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective in late December 2024, each at Entergy Texas.

See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the regulatory proceedings discussed above.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in industrial usage and the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the petroleum refining, chlor-alkali, primary metals, and technology industries.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Utility for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Items

Utility

Purchased power includes an increase in 2025 of $21 million in costs, at Entergy Texas, related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, including the effect of a significant increase in MISO’s seasonal auction clearing price, due to the implementation of a reliability-based demand curve, for capacity transactions during the summer months. Although Entergy Texas does not have the ability to recover its MISO capacity costs incurred to date beyond the level included in base rates, in June 2025, Texas legislation established a capacity cost recovery rider mechanism that would allow for the recovery of costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction outside of base rates, through a rider that is updated annually. Entergy Texas plans to file for such a rider to recover future capacity procurement costs at the earliest opportunity in 2026.

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased from $1,367 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $1,376 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to:

• an increase of $13 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024;
• an increase of $12 million in bad debt expense;
• an increase of $9 million in loss provisions;
• an increase of $9 million in transmission costs allocated by MISO. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the recovery of these costs;
• an increase of $8 million in storm damage provisions; and
• an increase of $8 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs.

The increase was partially offset by:

• contract costs of $24 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives;
• a decrease of $12 million in nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024; and
• a decrease of $7 million in compensation and benefits costs primarily due to a higher revision to estimated incentive-based compensation expense in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Asset write-offs, impairments, and related charges (credits) includes a $132 million charge to reflect the write-off, at Entergy Arkansas, of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the Entergy Arkansas opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Entergy Arkansas opportunity sales proceeding.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service and an increase in nuclear depreciation rates at Entergy Louisiana effective September 2024 in accordance with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024. The increase was partially offset by the recognition of $28 million in depreciation expense in 2024 at Entergy Texas for the 2022 base rate case relate back period, effective over six months beginning January 2024. The recognition of depreciation expense for the relate back period was effective over the same period as collections from the relate back surcharge rider and resulted in no effect on net income. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana global stipulated settlement agreement. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2022 base rate case at Entergy Texas.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes:

• regulatory charges of $150 million, recorded by Entergy Louisiana in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement; and
• a regulatory charge of $78 million, recorded by Entergy New Orleans in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. See Note 3 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the April 2024 settlement in principle and for discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

In addition, Entergy records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue.

Other income decreased slightly primarily due to changes in decommissioning trust fund activity, including portfolio rebalancing of decommissioning trust funds in 2024, and a decrease of $9 million in affiliated dividend income from affiliated preferred membership interests related to storm cost securitization. The decrease was substantially offset by:

• an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project, each at Entergy Texas;
• an increase of $24 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances for construction;
• a $17 million true-up of Entergy Louisiana’s MISO cost recovery mechanism over-recovery balance to the 2024 formula rate plan filing, which was filed with the LPSC in May 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing; and
• an increase of $17 million in interest earned on money pool investments.

Interest expense increased primarily due to:

• the issuances by Entergy Arkansas of $400 million of 5.75% Series mortgage bonds and $400 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds, each in May 2024;
• the issuance by Entergy Louisiana of $700 million of 5.15% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024;

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

• the issuance by Entergy Louisiana of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025;
• the issuance by Entergy Mississippi of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025;
• the issuance by Entergy Texas of $350 million of 5.55% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024;
• the issuance by Entergy Texas of $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds in February 2025;
• the issuance by System Energy of $300 million of 5.30% Series mortgage bonds in December 2024; and
• carrying costs of $22 million in 2025 on customer advances for construction.

The increase was partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project, each at Entergy Texas.

Parent and Other

Other income (deductions) increased primarily due to a $317 million ($250 million net-of-tax) non-cash settlement charge recognized in second quarter 2024 as a result of a group annuity contract purchased in May 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities. See Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the group annuity contract and settlement charge.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rate was 22.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The difference in the effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% was primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, partially offset by book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction and certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items.

The effective income tax rate was 29.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The difference in the effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% was primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, the amortization of accumulated deferred income taxes as a result of tax rate changes, and a provision for uncertain tax positions, partially offset by certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items and book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” in the Form 10-K for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation. The following is an update to that discussion. See Note 10 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits recorded in second quarter 2025.

One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was enacted. The OBBBA is a wide ranging update to U.S. tax and spending policy. In particular, the OBBBA modified and extended various clean energy tax incentives relevant to electric utilities, preserving production tax credits under Internal Revenue Code section 45U for existing nuclear facilities through 2032 and generally maintaining the current law phase-out schedule for new nuclear and battery storage under Internal Revenue Code sections 45Y (clean electricity production credit) or Internal Revenue Code section 48E (clean electricity investment credit). In addition, the OBBBA preserved the tax credits for carbon capture and sequestration facilities that meet the requirements of Internal Revenue Code section 45Q. In contrast, the OBBBA significantly shortened the time period for solar and wind facilities to claim clean energy tax incentives. In general, solar and wind facilities must be placed in service by December 31, 2027 to qualify for the tax credits, unless construction begins by July 3, 2026, and certain safe harbor requirements are met.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

On July 7, 2025, an executive order was issued directing the U.S. Treasury to issue, among other things, new safe harbor guidance, particularly with respect to wind and solar facilities. Any new guidance could impact Entergy’s capital planning and expectations with respect to its planned solar and battery facilities.

In addition, the OBBBA adopted new foreign entity of concern (FEOC) rules designed to deny clean energy tax incentives to all clean energy projects beginning construction after December 31, 2025 that use equipment beyond statutory guidelines from prohibited foreign entities (entities with ties to China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea). The FEOC rules also deny these incentives to taxpayers that rely beyond certain thresholds on equity or debt from prohibited foreign entities or that make payments to prohibited foreign entity counterparties under contracts or licensing agreements that give such counterparties “effective control” over an eligible project. These taxpayer FEOC rules will apply to taxpayers in their first taxable year following enactment of the OBBBA. The July 7, 2025, executive order also instructed the U.S. Treasury to issue guidance on these new FEOC requirements.

The OBBBA also retained full transferability of all credits and preserved five-year Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System treatment for eligible Internal Revenue Code section 45Y and 48E assets.

The changes in law and federal energy policy reflected in the OBBBA could have a material effect on Entergy’s current and future resource planning, including particularly solar and wind resources, and on its results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. Entergy may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits of federal tax credits for certain of its planned solar and battery facilities to the extent that these projects do not meet the safe harbor requirements set forth in the OBBBA. In addition, as the changes reflected in the OBBBA and anticipated related guidance disfavor certain renewable resource development as compared to prior law, Entergy may not be successful in achieving current or future carbon emission goals. Provisions of the OBBBA may also affect customer decisions relating to major new projects in Entergy’s service area, to the extent that project economics or the achievement of customer sustainability objectives are affected by the changes in the OBBBA.

Entergy Wholesale Commodities Exit from the Merchant Power Business

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Entergy Wholesale Commodities Exit from the Merchant Power Business” in the Form 10-K for discussion of the exit from the merchant power business.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of Entergy’s capital structure, capital spending plans and other uses of capital, and sources of capital. The following are updates to that discussion.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy’s ability to access needed capital. The nature and extent of any such effects will depend on, among other things, the specifics of the changes that are ultimately implemented both domestically and internationally, the responses of vendors, suppliers, and other counterparties to those changes, indirect effects on the price and availability of non-tariffed goods, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Capital Structure and Resources

Entergy’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

(a)Calculation excludes the Texas securitization bonds, which are non-recourse to Entergy Texas.

As of June 30, 2025, 18.6% of the debt outstanding is at the parent company, Entergy Corporation, and 81.4% is at the Utility segment. Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of notes payable and commercial paper, finance lease obligations, and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt, equity, and subsidiaries’ preferred stock without sinking fund. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. The debt to capital ratio excluding securitization bonds and net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds are non-GAAP measures. Entergy uses the debt to capital ratios excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes they provide useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy’s financial condition because the securitization bonds are non-recourse to Entergy, as more fully described in Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K. Entergy also uses the net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Entergy Corporation has in place a credit facility that has a borrowing capacity of $3 billion and expires in June 2030. The facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $20 million of the total borrowing capacity of the credit facility. The commitment fee is currently 0.225% of the undrawn commitment amount. Commitment fees and interest rates on loans under the credit facility can fluctuate depending on the senior unsecured debt ratings of Entergy Corporation. As there were no borrowings under the facility for the six months ended June 30, 2025, the estimated interest rate as of June 30, 2025 that would have been applied to outstanding borrowings under the facility was 5.93%. The following is a summary of the amounts outstanding and capacity available under the credit facility as of June 30, 2025:

Entergy Corporation’s credit facility includes a covenant requiring Entergy to maintain a consolidated debt ratio, as defined, of 65% or less of its total capitalization. The calculation of this debt ratio under Entergy Corporation’s credit facility is different than the calculation of the debt to capital ratio above. Entergy is currently in compliance with the covenant and expects to remain in compliance with this covenant. If Entergy fails to meet this ratio, or if Entergy Corporation or one of the Registrant Subsidiaries (except Entergy New Orleans and System Energy) defaults on other indebtedness or is in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, an acceleration of the Entergy Corporation credit facility’s maturity date may occur. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the Entergy Corporation credit facility and discussion of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ credit facilities.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Entergy Corporation has a commercial paper program with a Board-approved program limit of $2 billion. As of June 30, 2025, Entergy Corporation had $459 million of commercial paper outstanding. The weighted-average interest rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was 4.65%.

Equity Issuances and Equity Distribution Program

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Sources of Capital - Equity Issuances and Equity Distribution Program” in the Form 10-K and Note 3 to the financial statements herein for discussion of equity issuances and the equity distribution program. The following are updates to that discussion.

In March 2025, Entergy marketed an equity offering of 17.8 million shares of Entergy Corporation common stock. In lieu of issuing equity at the time of the offering, Entergy entered into forward sale agreements with several forward counterparties. The forward sale agreements require Entergy to, at its election on or prior to September 30, 2026, either (1) physically settle the transactions by issuing the total of 17.8 million shares of its common stock to the forward counterparties in exchange for net proceeds at the then-applicable forward sale price specified by the agreements (initially $81.87 per share) or (2) net settle the transactions in whole or in part through the delivery or receipt of cash or shares. The forward sale price is subject to adjustment on a daily basis based on a floating interest rate factor and will decrease by other fixed amounts specified in the agreements. See Note 3 to the financial statements herein for further discussion of the forward sale agreements.

In May 2025, Entergy physically settled all of its obligations under certain of its then-outstanding forward sale agreements under its at the market equity distribution program for cash proceeds of $806 million. See Note 3 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the forward sale agreements and common stock issuances and sales under the equity distribution program.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Capital Expenditure Plans and Other Uses of Capital

See the table and discussion in the Form 10-K under “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditure Plans and Other Uses of Capital,” that sets forth the amounts of Entergy’s planned construction and other capital investments for 2025 through 2027. The following are updates to that discussion.

Following are the current annual amounts of Entergy’s planned construction and other capital investments.

The updated capital plan for 2025-2027 reflects incremental capital investments for potential generation projects. The capital plan includes amounts Entergy plans to spend on routine capital projects that are necessary to support reliability of its service, equipment, or systems and to support normal customer growth. In addition to routine capital projects, the capital plan also includes amounts Entergy plans to spend on non-routine capital investments for which Entergy is either contractually obligated, has Board approval, or otherwise expects to make to satisfy regulatory or legal requirements. Amounts include the following types of construction and capital investments:

• investments in generation projects to modernize, decarbonize, expand, and diversify Entergy’s portfolio, as well as to support customer growth, including Lake Catherine Unit 5, Jefferson Power Station, Bayou Power Station, Delta Blues Advanced Power Station, Delta Solar, Penton Solar, Orange County Advanced Power Station, Lone Star Power Station, Segno Solar, Votaw Solar, and potential construction of additional generation;
• investments in the Utility nuclear fleet;
• transmission spending to improve reliability and resilience while also supporting renewables expansion and customer growth; and
• distribution and Utility support spending to improve reliability, resilience, and customer experience through projects focused on asset renewals and enhancements and grid stability.

Renewables

2021 Solar Certification and the Geaux Green Option

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in November 2021, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking certification of and approval for the addition of four new solar photovoltaic resources with a combined nameplate capacity of 475 megawatts (the 2021 Solar Portfolio) and the implementation of a new green tariff, the Geaux Green Option (Rider GGO). The 2021 Solar Portfolio consists of four resources which include (i) the Vacherie Facility, a 150 megawatt resource in St. James Parish; (ii) the Sunlight Road Facility, a 50 megawatt resource in Washington Parish; (iii) the St. Jacques Facility, a 150 megawatt resource in St. James Parish; and (iv) the Elizabeth Facility, a 125 megawatt resource in Allen Parish. The St. Jacques Facility would be acquired through a build-own-transfer agreement; the remaining resources involve power purchase agreements. The Sunlight Road Facility and the Elizabeth Facility each achieved commercial operation in 2024, and the Vacherie Facility and the St. Jacques Facility originally had estimated in service dates in 2025.

In August 2022 the parties reached a settlement certifying the 2021 Solar Portfolio and approving implementation of Rider GGO. In September 2022 the LPSC approved the settlement. Following the LPSC

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

approval, the St. James Parish council issued a moratorium on new land use permits for solar facilities until the later of March 2023 or the completion of an environmental and economic impact study. In November 2023, St. James Parish lifted the moratorium and adopted an ordinance modifying the parish’s land use plan to establish solar as an approved land use and defining corresponding solar regulations. In March 2024 the project developer submitted a solar energy facility farm permit application to the St. James Parish planning commission to request approval for the Vacherie and St. Jacques Facilities. In June 2024 the St. James Parish council denied the application and following this denial, the project developer and one of the project’s ground lessors filed separate lawsuits seeking to overturn the council’s decision. The council’s decision was subsequently affirmed by the Louisiana 23rd Judicial District Court. Entergy Louisiana is no longer pursuing the addition of resources through an acquisition of the St. Jacques Facility or through a power purchase agreement with the Vacherie Facility.

Segno Solar and Votaw Solar

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in July 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Segno Solar facility, a 170 MW solar facility to be located in Polk County, Texas, and the Votaw Solar facility, a 141 MW solar facility to be located in Hardin County, Texas. In July 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, an unopposed motion to abate this proceeding to give the parties to the proceeding additional time for settlement discussions.

Other Generation and Transmission

Lake Catherine Unit 5

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in November 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of Lake Catherine Unit 5, a 446 MW hydrogen-capable simple-cycle natural gas combustion turbine facility to be located at the existing Lake Catherine facility site in Hot Spring County, Arkansas. In December 2024 other parties, including the APSC general staff, filed testimony opposing the resource, although the APSC general staff recognized the capacity need for the resource. Entergy Arkansas filed testimony in January 2025 further supporting its application, and in February 2025 the opposing parties filed responsive rebuttal testimony continuing to dispute the estimated costs and to dispute that Entergy Arkansas performed a market solicitation sufficient to demonstrate that this resource is the most reasonable option for customers. Also in February 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed surrebuttal testimony responding to the opposing parties’ testimony. A hearing was held in March 2025, and in April 2025 the APSC issued an order approving certification of the facility. The order also provided a presumption of prudence finding with respect to a benchmark project cost. In May 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a motion for clarification concerning the appropriate calculation of the benchmark. Entergy Arkansas will have the opportunity to later present all actual costs to the APSC for review and a prudence determination, including costs incremental to the benchmark. The facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028.

Jefferson Power Station

Entergy Arkansas expects to file an application with the APSC in third quarter 2025 seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of Jefferson Power Station, an approximately 754 MW natural gas-fired combined cycle combustion turbine facility. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2029.

Entergy Louisiana Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in October 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking approval of a variety of generation and transmission resources proposed in connection with establishing service to a new data center to be developed by a subsidiary of Meta Platforms, Inc. in north Louisiana, for which an

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

electric service agreement has been executed. The filing requests LPSC certification of three new combined cycle combustion turbine generation resources totaling 2,262 MW, each of which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage, a new 500 kV transmission line, and 500 kV substation upgrades. The application also requests approval to implement a corporate sustainability rider applicable to the new customer. The corporate sustainability rider contemplates the new customer contributing to the costs of the future addition of 1,500 MW of new solar and energy storage resources, agreements involving carbon capture and storage at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Lake Charles Power Station, and potential future wind and nuclear resources. Entergy Louisiana anticipates funding the incremental cost to serve the customer through direct financial contributions from the customer and the revenues it expects to earn under the electric service agreement. The electric service agreement also contains provisions for termination payments that will help ensure that there is no harm to Entergy Louisiana and its customers in the event of early termination. A directive was issued at the LPSC’s November 2024 meeting for the matter to be decided by October 2025. In February 2025 intervenors filed a motion asking the LPSC to deny Entergy Louisiana’s requested exemption from the LPSC’s order addressing competitive solicitation procedures and further asking the LPSC to dismiss the application. The ALJ issued an order denying the motion to dismiss the application and deferring the LPSC’s consideration of the motion regarding the competitive solicitation procedures until the hearing. In March 2025 the same intervenors filed a motion requesting the LPSC to require the customer and its parent company to be joined as parties to the proceeding or dismiss the application. In April 2025 the ALJ issued an order denying the March 2025 motion, and the moving parties filed a motion asking the LPSC to review and reverse the ALJ’s decision.

In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed supplemental testimony with the LPSC stating that the third combined cycle combustion turbine resource presented in the October 2024 application would be sited at Entergy Louisiana’s Waterford site in Killona, Louisiana, alongside existing Entergy Louisiana generation resources. The testimony also notes that Entergy Louisiana is negotiating with the customer in response to the customer’s request to increase the load associated with its project in north Louisiana. The testimony indicates further that the additional load can be served without additional generation capacity beyond what was presented in the October 2024 application, but that additional transmission facilities, which will be funded directly by the customer, are needed to serve this additional load.

In April 2025 and May 2025 the LPSC staff and certain intervenors each filed their direct testimony and cross-answering testimony, respectively. The LPSC staff’s testimony discussed the significant projected benefits associated with the data center project; however, both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also identified purported risks associated with constructing the requested resources based on the terms and conditions under which the customer would be taking service. Both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also recommended that the LPSC impose certain conditions on its approval which, if adopted, would support approval of Entergy Louisiana’s application. The LPSC staff’s recommendations included a condition that would require, under specified circumstances, certain sharing of net revenues from service to the project with Entergy Louisiana’s other customers. The LPSC staff also recommended that the LPSC deny approval of the corporate sustainability rider terms providing for the customer to supply funding toward the cost of installing carbon capture and storage infrastructure at Entergy Louisiana’s Lake Charles Power Station. The Louisiana Energy Users Group and other intervenors recommended that the LPSC require various changes to the terms of the electric service agreement with the customer that would shift additional risk and cost to the customer rather than Entergy Louisiana’s broader customer base. Certain intervenors also challenged approval on the basis that Entergy Louisiana did not conduct a request for proposals to procure the proposed generation resources to serve the customer’s project; these intervenors also advocated that Entergy Louisiana be required to procure more renewable generation and evaluate transmission alternatives rather than proceeding with development of all of the proposed new generation resources. In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed its rebuttal testimony responding to the direct and cross-answering testimony of the LPSC staff and intervenors. The rebuttal testimony expressed support for or no opposition to the LPSC’s adoption of certain of the proposed recommendations and identified why other proposed recommendations should not be adopted. In addition, the rebuttal testimony stated that the negotiations related to the increase in the load amount for the customer’s project had concluded and that a rider to the electric service agreement reflecting this increase had been executed. In advance of the July 2025 hearing, Entergy Louisiana reached a settlement agreement with the

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

LPSC staff and three separate intervenors. The hearing concluded and the matter is currently under consideration by the ALJ.

Entergy Louisiana Transmission Projects

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in March 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking an exemption determination, or alternatively, a certificate of public convenience and necessity, for a transmission project that includes a new 500 kV/230 kV Commodore substation and an approximately 60-mile 230 kV line connecting the new Commodore substation to the Waterford substation. In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff jointly filed, for consideration by the LPSC, an uncontested stipulated settlement agreement resolving all issues in the proceeding. The LPSC approved the uncontested stipulated settlement agreement in March 2025 and thereby granted certification of the project.

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in December 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking a certificate of public convenience and necessity for a 500 kV transmission project that includes the construction of a new 84-mile Commodore to Churchill 500 kV transmission line, the expansion of the Waterford 500 kV substation, the construction of a new Churchill 500 kV substation and improvements to the Churchill 230 kV substation, and the conversion of the existing 230 kV Waterford to Churchill transmission line to 500 kV, forming a 500 kV loop into the Downstream of Gypsy load pocket. In April 2025 the LPSC staff and the Louisiana Energy Users Group, an intervenor, filed direct testimony. The LPSC staff’s testimony recommends LPSC approval of the project. The Louisiana Energy Users Group’s testimony opines that Entergy Louisiana has shown that there is a need for additional transmission investment in the West Bank area of Amite South but recommends that the LPSC withhold approval pending further analysis, including analysis of potential lower cost alternatives to the proposed project, and also pending Entergy Louisiana demonstrating that it has contributions in aid of construction or minimum bill revenues from the customers whose block load additions would be enabled by the proposed transmission project in amounts sufficient to substantially, if not fully, cover the revenue requirement of the proposed project. In June 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed rebuttal testimony. The hearing is set for August 2025, and an LPSC decision is expected in fourth quarter 2025.

Entergy Mississippi New Advanced Power Station

Entergy Mississippi plans to construct, own, and operate a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility to be located in the City of Ridgeland, Madison County, Mississippi. The facility will be powered primarily by natural gas, and it will also be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality. The project is expected to cost in excess of $1 billion. The facility is expected to be in service in 2029.

Legend Power Station and Lone Star Power Station

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in June 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Legend Power Station, a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility, which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality, to be located in Jefferson County, Texas, and the Lone Star Power Station, a 453 MW simple-cycle combustion turbine facility, which will be enabled with hydrogen co-firing optionality, originally expected to be located in Liberty County, Texas. In March 2025, Entergy Texas filed testimony explaining that Entergy Texas planned to move forward with building the Lone Star Power Station on a more cost-effective alternative site in San Jacinto County, Texas. A hearing on the merits was held in April 2025. Also in April 2025, Entergy Texas, intervenors, and the PUCT staff filed initial briefs. In its initial brief, the PUCT staff recommends denial of Entergy Texas’s application or, in the alternative, approval subject to conditions that include a prudence review by an external consultant if actual project costs exceed estimated costs by more than 10%, transmission cost reporting, and weatherization of both the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station. Certain intervenors requested that the PUCT impose various conditions upon the approval of the resources, including, among others, cost recovery limitations, a direction that Entergy Texas initiate a competitive tariff

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

proceeding to facilitate industrial sleeving, a requirement for additional regulatory approvals related to hydrogen or carbon capture and storage implementation, limits on the recovery of supplemental filing costs, and calculation of AFUDC based on an adjusted weighted average cost of capital. Reply briefs were filed in May 2025. In June 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision, in which they recommended rejection of Entergy Texas’s application to construct the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station based upon their finding that Entergy Texas did not demonstrate the resources to be cost-effective alternatives to address the uncontested need for additional generation. In the alternative, the ALJs recommended that if the PUCT approves the resources, that conditions be imposed, including a deferral of the finding that the resources were prudently selected until Entergy Texas’s next rate case, a prudence review by an external consultant if actual project costs exceed estimated costs by more than 10%, weatherization requirements, and a requirement that Entergy Texas obtain additional regulatory approvals prior to implementing hydrogen co-firing or carbon capture and storage. The ALJs’ proposal for decision is an interim step in the certification process, and it is not binding upon the PUCT. Entergy Texas filed exceptions in July 2025. A PUCT decision is expected in third quarter 2025. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, both facilities are expected to be in service by mid-2028.

Southeast Texas Area Reliability Project (SETEX)

In February 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line and associated stations and 138/230 kV facilities. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 131 to 160 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $1.3 billion to $1.5 billion, depending upon the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. Also in February 2025 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. A hearing on the merits was held in May 2025. In July 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision recommending the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s application to construct SETEX and recommending the PUCT’s approval include selection of a specific route with an estimated cost of $1.4 billion. A PUCT decision is expected in third quarter 2025. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, construction of the project is expected to be completed by the end of 2029.

Cypress to Legend 500 kV Transmission Line

In May 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 40 to 49 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $392.7 million to $436.2 million, depending on the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. In June 2025 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings and the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings adopted a procedural schedule with a hearing on the merits to be held in mid-August 2025. A PUCT decision is expected in fourth quarter 2025. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, construction of the project is expected to be completed by the end of 2028.

Dividends

Declarations of dividends on Entergy Corporation common stock are made at the discretion of the Board. Among other things, the Board evaluates the level of Entergy Corporation common stock dividends based upon earnings per share from the Utility segment and the Parent and Other portion of the business, financial strength, and future investment opportunities. In July 2025, the Board declared a dividend of $0.60 per share.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Cash Flow Activity

As shown in Entergy’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $252 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• the receipt of $313 million in advance payments related to customer agreements in 2025, which are recorded as current liabilities and included within changes in other working capital accounts;
• higher collections from Utility customers; and
• the timing of payments to vendors.

The increase was partially offset by higher fuel and purchased power payments and an increase of $115 million in interest paid. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $1,275 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• an increase of $1,196 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending by Entergy Arkansas on the Lake Catherine Unit 5 project, by Entergy Louisiana on new generation resources in north Louisiana, by Entergy Mississippi on the Delta Blues Advanced Power Station project, the Penton Solar project, and other non-nuclear generation projects, and by Entergy Texas on the Orange County Advanced Power Station project, the Legend Power Station project, and the Lone Star Power Station project;
• an increase of $258 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to increased investment in the resilience of the Utility distribution system;
• an increase of $116 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending by Entergy Louisiana on the Commodore transmission projects and increased spending on various other transmission projects in 2025; and
• an increase of $54 million in nuclear construction expenditures primarily due to increased spending on various nuclear projects in 2025.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

The increase was partially offset by:

• the initial payment of approximately $170 million in February 2024 for the purchase of the Walnut Bend Solar facility by Entergy Arkansas;
• a decrease of $101 million in information technology capital expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on technology upgrade projects in 2025;
• net receipts from storm reserve escrow accounts of $37 million in 2025 compared to payments to storm reserve escrow accounts of $10 million in 2024; and
• a decrease of $32 million in nuclear fuel purchases due to variations from year to year in the timing and pricing of fuel reload requirements, materials and services deliveries, and the timing of cash payments during the nuclear fuel cycle.

See Note 14 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Walnut Bend Solar facility purchase.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities increased $117 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• $805 million in net proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the at the market equity distribution program in 2025. There were no issuances of common stock under the at the market equity distribution program in 2024; and
• an increase of $371 million in net customer advances for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements.

The increase was partially offset by:

• long-term debt activity providing approximately $1,918 million of cash in 2025 compared to providing approximately $2,688 million of cash in 2024;
• an increase of $246 million in net repayments of commercial paper in 2025 as compared to 2024; and
• an increase of $34 million in common stock dividends paid in 2025 as a result of an increase in the dividend paid per share in 2025 as compared to 2024.

See Note 3 to the financial statements herein and Note 7 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of Entergy Corporation’s at the market equity distribution program. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein and Notes 4 and 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for details of Entergy’s commercial paper program and long-term debt.

Rate, Cost-recovery, and Other Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Rate, Cost-recovery, and Other Regulation” in the Form 10-K for discussions of rate regulation, federal regulation, and related regulatory proceedings.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

See Note 2 to the financial statements herein for updates to the discussion in the Form 10-K regarding these proceedings.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Federal Regulation

See Note 2 to the financial statements herein for updates to the discussion in the Form 10-K regarding federal regulatory proceedings.

Market and Credit Risk Sensitive Instruments

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Market and Credit Risk Sensitive Instruments” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of market and credit risk sensitive instruments. The following is an update to that discussion.

Some of the agreements to sell the power produced by Entergy’s non-utility operations business contain provisions that require an Entergy subsidiary to provide credit support to secure its obligations under such agreements. The primary form of credit support used to satisfy these requirements is an Entergy Corporation guarantee. Cash and letters of credit are also acceptable forms of credit support. At June 30, 2025, based on power prices at that time, Entergy had no liquidity exposure under the guarantees in place supporting its non-utility operations business transactions and $3 million of posted cash collateral.

Nuclear Matters

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Nuclear Matters” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of nuclear matters. The following is an update to that discussion.

NRC Reactor Oversight Process

The NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process is a program to collect information about plant performance, assess the information for its safety significance, and provide for appropriate licensee and NRC response. The NRC evaluates plant performance by analyzing two distinct inputs: inspection findings resulting from the NRC’s inspection program and performance indicators reported by the licensee. The evaluations result in the placement of each plant in one of the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process Action Matrix columns: “licensee response column,” or Column 1, “regulatory response column,” or Column 2, “degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 3, “multiple/repetitive degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 4, and “unacceptable performance,” or Column 5. Plants in Column 1 are subject to normal NRC inspection activities. Plants in Column 2, Column 3, or Column 4 are subject to progressively increasing levels of inspection by the NRC with, in general, progressively increasing levels of associated costs. Continued plant operation is not permitted for plants in Column 5. All of the nuclear generating plants owned and operated by Entergy’s Utility business are currently in Column 1, except Waterford 3, which is in Column 2.

In June 2025 the NRC placed Waterford 3 in Column 2, effective second quarter 2025, based on the failure to properly develop and implement adequate maintenance instructions for the fuel linkage connection to the mechanical governor for an emergency diesel generator. Waterford 3 will remain in Column 2 until a supplemental inspection is satisfactorily completed.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the estimates and judgments necessary in Entergy’s accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs, utility regulatory accounting, taxation and uncertain tax positions, qualified pension and other postretirement benefits, and other contingencies.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of new accounting pronouncements. The following is an update to that discussion.

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in March 2024 the SEC issued final rules that require registrants to provide certain climate-related disclosures in annual reports and registration statements in order to enhance and standardize climate-related disclosures for investors. In April 2024 the SEC stayed the final rules, pending judicial review of consolidated challenges to the rules by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. In March 2025 the SEC voted to end its defense of the final rules against parties that have legally challenged the rules. In April 2025 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit ordered the litigation to be held in abeyance and directed the SEC to indicate within 90 days whether the SEC would reconsider or review the climate disclosure rules. In July 2025 the SEC submitted a status report to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit stating that it does not intend to review or reconsider its final rules at this time and requesting that the Court of Appeals terminate the abeyance and proceed with its judicial review of the case. Entergy will continue to monitor developments related to the SEC’s final rules on climate-related disclosures.

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ENTERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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NOTE 1. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries are involved in a number of legal, regulatory, and tax proceedings before various courts, regulatory authorities, and governmental agencies in the ordinary course of business. While management is unable to predict with certainty the outcome of such proceedings, management does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on Entergy’s results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition, except as otherwise discussed in the Form 10-K or in this report. Entergy discusses regulatory proceedings in Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K and herein and discusses tax proceedings in Note 3 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K and Note 10 to the financial statements herein.

Vidalia Purchased Power Agreement

See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information on Entergy Louisiana’s Vidalia purchased power agreement.

Spent Nuclear Fuel Litigation

See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information on Entergy’s spent nuclear fuel litigation. The following is an update to that discussion.

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in October 2024 the U.S. Court of Federal Claims issued a final judgment in the amount of $7 million in favor of Holtec Palisades, LLC (previously Entergy Nuclear Palisades) and against the DOE in the final round Palisades damages case. Holtec, as the current owner, received payment from the U.S. Treasury in March 2025 and subsequently transferred the $7 million judgment to Entergy. The effect in 2024 of recording the judgment was a reduction to asset write-offs, impairments, and related charges (credits). The damages awarded included $4 million related to costs previously recorded as plant and $3 million related to costs previously recorded as other operation and maintenance expenses.

Nuclear Insurance

See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information on nuclear liability and property insurance associated with Entergy’s nuclear power plants.

Non-Nuclear Property Insurance

See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information on Entergy’s non-nuclear property insurance program.

Employment and Labor-related Proceedings

See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information on Entergy’s employment and labor-related proceedings.

Asbestos Litigation (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas)

See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information regarding asbestos litigation.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Grand Gulf-Related Agreements

See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information regarding Grand Gulf-related agreements, including the Unit Power Sales Agreement, the Availability Agreement, and the Reallocation Agreement.

Exclusivity Agreement with Major Vendor

Entergy entered into an exclusivity agreement with a major vendor to manufacture power island equipment (PIE) and combustion turbines (CT) for combustion turbine generator set frames larger than 400 MWs. The agreement guarantees Entergy one manufacturing slot per quarter for the shorter of a five-year period or until Entergy fulfills its minimum commitment. The agreement commits Entergy to a minimum order of 15 sets of PIE and two CTs during that time period. The commitments are fully transferable to any of the Utility operating companies.

Cancellation or failure to purchase the minimum commitment amounts will result in a charge. If any of the Utility operating companies purchases any PIEs or CTs within the scope of the agreement from another supplier (except as permitted under the agreement), then the vendor has the right to terminate all or a portion of the agreement. In the event of such termination, the Utility operating company would then be obligated to pay 50% of the base price for each PIE or CT not yet ordered. The agreement does not establish final pricing and delivery dates of purchases that will go towards meeting the commitments under the agreement. Such terms shall be agreed to in separate agreements.

NOTE 2. RATE AND REGULATORY MATTERS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Regulatory Assets and Regulatory Liabilities

See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information regarding regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities in the Utility business presented on the balance sheets of Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries. The following are updates to that discussion.

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

Entergy Arkansas

Energy Cost Recovery Rider

In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.00882 per kWh to $0.01333 per kWh. The annual redetermination included a credit related to the remaining balance due to retail customers from the System Energy settlement with the APSC, plus carrying charges and interest. See “Retail Rate Proceedings - Filings with the APSC (Entergy Arkansas) - Retail Rates - Grand Gulf Credit Rider” below for further discussion. The primary reason for the rate increase is an adjustment to account for projected increases in natural gas prices in 2025. This adjustment is expected to reduce the rate change that will be reflected in its 2026 energy cost rate redetermination. The redetermined rate of $0.01333 per kWh became effective with the first billing cycle in April 2025 through the normal operation of the tariff.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy Louisiana

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in January 2023 the LPSC staff provided notice of an audit of Entergy Louisiana’s purchased gas adjustment clause filings. The audit includes a review of the reasonableness of charges flowed through Entergy Louisiana’s purchased gas adjustment clause for the period from 2021 through 2022. In April 2025 the LPSC staff issued its audit report (for Entergy Louisiana’s gas operations), which included several prospective recommendations but no financial disallowances. The LPSC accepted the report in June 2025.

Entergy Texas

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in September 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT to reconcile its fuel and purchased power costs for the period from April 2022 through March 2024. During the reconciliation period, Entergy Texas incurred approximately $1.6 billion in eligible fuel and purchased power expenses to generate and purchase electricity to serve its customers, net of certain revenues credited to such expenses and other adjustments. Entergy Texas’s cumulative under-recovery balance for the reconciliation period was approximately $30 million, including interest, which Entergy Texas requested authority to carry over as part of the cumulative fuel balance for the subsequent reconciliation period beginning April 2024. In November 2024 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In March 2025, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers, an intervenor, filed testimony regarding the recovery of capacity costs for a certain power purchase agreement, arguing the capacity costs should be imputed and treated as non-reconcilable fuel expense, recovered in Entergy Texas’s base rates. In April 2025 the PUCT staff filed testimony and later in April 2025, Entergy Texas filed rebuttal testimony. In May 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, a request for a paper hearing and to cancel the oral hearing on the merits previously scheduled for later in May 2025. In June 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, a joint motion to abate the proceeding to give the parties to the proceeding additional time to finalize a settlement.

Retail Rate Proceedings

See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information regarding retail rate proceedings involving the Utility operating companies. The following are updates to that discussion.

Filings with the APSC (Entergy Arkansas)

Retail Rates

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In July 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC its 2025 formula rate plan filing to set its formula rate for the 2026 calendar year. The filing contained an evaluation of Entergy Arkansas’s earnings for the 2026 projected year and a netting adjustment for the 2024 historical year. The filing showed that Entergy Arkansas’s earned rate of return on common equity for the 2026 projected year was 8.45% resulting in a revenue deficiency of $68.9 million. The earned rate of return on common equity for the 2024 historical year was 7.71% resulting in a $48.8 million netting adjustment. The total proposed revenue change for the 2026 projected year and 2024 historical year netting adjustment is $117.7 million. By operation of the formula rate plan, Entergy Arkansas’s recovery of the revenue requirement is subject to a four percent annual revenue constraint. Because Entergy Arkansas’s revenue requirement in this filing exceeded the constraint, the resulting increase was limited to $92.3 million. Entergy Arkansas proposed a procedural schedule that includes a hearing in November 2025 and requests an APSC order in December 2025.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Grand Gulf Credit Rider

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in June 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC a tariff to provide retail customers a credit resulting from the terms of the settlement agreement between Entergy Arkansas, System Energy, additional named Entergy parties, and the APSC pertaining to System Energy’s billings for wholesale sales of energy and capacity from the Grand Gulf nuclear plant. See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the APSC” in Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the APSC. In July 2024 the APSC approved the tariff, under which Entergy Arkansas would refund to retail customers a total of $100.6 million. Entergy Arkansas refunded $92.3 million of the total through one-time bill credits under the Grand Gulf credit rider during the August 2024 billing cycle. In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas included the remaining balance as a credit to retail customers in its energy cost recovery rider rate redetermination filing. See further discussion within "Regulatory Assets and Regulatory Liabilities - Fuel and purchased power cost recovery - Entergy Arkansas - Energy Cost Recovery Rider" above. In April 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s proposal to include the remaining balance in its energy cost recovery rider effective with the first billing cycle of April 2025 and the withdrawal of the Grand Gulf credit rider after all credits had been issued. Credits to retail customers were completed in second quarter 2025, and the Grand Gulf credit rider was subsequently withdrawn.

Filings with the LPSC (Entergy Louisiana)

Retail Rates - Electric

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in August 2024, pursuant to the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC also in August 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2023 calendar year operations. Consistent with the global stipulated settlement agreement, the filing reflected a 9.7% allowed return on common equity with a bandwidth of 40 basis points above and below the midpoint. For the 2023 test year, however, the bandwidth provisions of the formula rate plan were temporarily suspended and, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana implemented the September 2024 formula rate plan rate adjustments effective with the first billing cycle of September 2024. In January 2025, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC filed a joint report indicating that no disputed issues remained in the proceeding and requesting that the LPSC issue an order accepting Entergy Louisiana’s evaluation report and, ultimately, resolving this matter. In March 2025 the LPSC issued an order accepting the evaluation report.

In December 2024, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana filed an interim rate adjustment for the 2023 test year reflecting the return of $25.1 million of refunds from the System Energy settlement with the LPSC to customers from January through August 2025. In February 2025, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana filed a second interim rate adjustment for the 2023 test year reflecting the divestiture of Entergy Louisiana’s share of Grand Gulf capacity and energy, which was effective as of January 1, 2025. The second interim rate adjustment also reflected a revenue increase of $17.8 million for the recovery of Hurricane Francine costs as approved by the LPSC (on an interim basis). The second interim rate adjustment was implemented with the first billing cycle of March 2025. See further discussion of the Hurricane Francine proceeding in “Storm Cost Recovery Filings with Retail Regulators – Entergy Louisiana – Hurricane Francine” below. See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s divestiture from the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2024 calendar year operations. Consistent with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024, the filing reflected a 9.7% allowed return on common equity with a bandwidth of 40 basis points above and below the

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

midpoint. For the test year 2024, however, any earnings above the allowed return on common equity are to be returned to customers through a credit, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement. The 2024 test year evaluation produced an earned return on common equity of 9.98%, which is within the approved formula rate plan bandwidth, but above the allowed return on common equity, resulting in a customer credit of $31.9 million to be returned to customers during September and October 2025.

Other changes in formula rate plan revenue are driven by higher nuclear depreciation rates, additions to transmission and distribution plant in service reflected through the transmission recovery mechanism and distribution recovery mechanism, and the expiration of customer credits related to the LPSC’s order, offset by increased customer credits resulting from an increase in net MISO revenues reflected through the MISO cost recovery mechanism and the reduction in the Louisiana corporate income tax rate effective January 1, 2025, reflected through the tax adjustment mechanism, as discussed below. Excluding the customer credit for earnings above the authorized return on common equity discussed above, the net result of these changes on an annualized basis is a $2 million increase in formula rate plan revenue.

As noted above, the 2024 evaluation report included the effects of the change in Louisiana state tax law that reduced the corporate income tax rate to a flat 5.5% (from the then-current highest marginal rate of 7.5%) effective January 1, 2025. As such, the 2024 evaluation report reflected the calculation of current and deferred income tax expenses as well as the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes based on the income tax laws currently in effect. The 2024 evaluation report proposes that the rate effects associated with the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes, including the collection of any net accumulated deferred income tax deficiency and any related effects on rate base, should be reflected in the tax adjustment mechanism consistent with the treatment of similar Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and prior state tax change-related impacts. The effects of the change in tax law on Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return on rate base are also reflected in the 2024 evaluation report consistent with the treatment cited above, including a credit in the extraordinary cost change mechanism for the prospective change in Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return and a credit within the tax adjustment mechanism for over-collection of income tax expense through August 2025.

Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in October 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking approval of a variety of generation and transmission resources proposed in connection with establishing service to a new data center to be developed by a subsidiary of Meta Platforms, Inc. in north Louisiana, for which an electric service agreement has been executed. The filing requests LPSC certification of three new combined cycle combustion turbine generation resources totaling 2,262 MW, each of which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage, a new 500 kV transmission line, and 500 kV substation upgrades. The application also requests approval to implement a corporate sustainability rider applicable to the new customer. The corporate sustainability rider contemplates the new customer contributing to the costs of the future addition of 1,500 MW of new solar and energy storage resources, agreements involving carbon capture and storage at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Lake Charles Power Station, and potential future wind and nuclear resources. Entergy Louisiana anticipates funding the incremental cost to serve the customer through direct financial contributions from the customer and the revenues it expects to earn under the electric service agreement. The electric service agreement also contains provisions for termination payments that will help ensure that there is no harm to Entergy Louisiana and its customers in the event of early termination. A directive was issued at the LPSC’s November 2024 meeting for the matter to be decided by October 2025. In February 2025 intervenors filed a motion asking the LPSC to deny Entergy Louisiana’s requested exemption from the LPSC’s order addressing competitive solicitation procedures and further asking the LPSC to dismiss the application. The ALJ issued an order denying the motion to dismiss the application and deferring the LPSC’s consideration of the motion regarding the competitive solicitation procedures until the hearing. In March 2025 the same intervenors filed a motion requesting the LPSC to require the customer and its parent company to be joined as parties to the proceeding or dismiss the application. In April 2025 the ALJ issued an order denying the March 2025 motion, and the moving parties filed a motion asking the LPSC to review and reverse the ALJ’s decision.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed supplemental testimony with the LPSC stating that the third combined cycle combustion turbine resource presented in the October 2024 application would be sited at Entergy Louisiana’s Waterford site in Killona, Louisiana, alongside existing Entergy Louisiana generation resources. The testimony also notes that Entergy Louisiana is negotiating with the customer in response to the customer’s request to increase the load associated with its project in north Louisiana. The testimony indicates further that the additional load can be served without additional generation capacity beyond what was presented in the October 2024 application, but that additional transmission facilities, which will be funded directly by the customer, are needed to serve this additional load.

In April 2025 and May 2025 the LPSC staff and certain intervenors each filed their direct testimony and cross-answering testimony, respectively. The LPSC staff’s testimony discussed the significant projected benefits associated with the data center project; however, both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also identified purported risks associated with constructing the requested resources based on the terms and conditions under which the customer would be taking service. Both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also recommended that the LPSC impose certain conditions on its approval which, if adopted, would support approval of Entergy Louisiana’s application. The LPSC staff’s recommendations included a condition that would require, under specified circumstances, certain sharing of net revenues from service to the project with Entergy Louisiana’s other customers. The LPSC staff also recommended that the LPSC deny approval of the corporate sustainability rider terms providing for the customer to supply funding toward the cost of installing carbon capture and storage infrastructure at Entergy Louisiana’s Lake Charles Power Station. The Louisiana Energy Users Group and other intervenors recommended that the LPSC require various changes to the terms of the electric service agreement with the customer that would shift additional risk and cost to the customer rather than Entergy Louisiana’s broader customer base. Certain intervenors also challenged approval on the basis that Entergy Louisiana did not conduct a request for proposals to procure the proposed generation resources to serve the customer’s project; these intervenors also advocated that Entergy Louisiana be required to procure more renewable generation and evaluate transmission alternatives rather than proceeding with development of all of the proposed new generation resources. In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed its rebuttal testimony responding to the direct and cross-answering testimony of the LPSC staff and intervenors. The rebuttal testimony expressed support for or no opposition to the LPSC’s adoption of certain of the proposed recommendations and identified why other proposed recommendations should not be adopted. In addition, the rebuttal testimony stated that the negotiations related to the increase in the load amount for the customer’s project had concluded and that a rider to the electric service agreement reflecting this increase had been executed. In advance of the July 2025 hearing, Entergy Louisiana reached a settlement agreement with the LPSC staff and three separate intervenors. The hearing concluded and the matter is currently under consideration by the ALJ.

COVID-19 Orders

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in April 2020 the LPSC issued an order authorizing utilities to record as a regulatory asset expenses incurred from the suspension of disconnections and collection of late fees imposed by LPSC orders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2023, Entergy Louisiana filed an application proposing to utilize approximately $1.6 billion in certain low interest debt to generate earnings to apply toward the reduction of the COVID-19 regulatory asset, as well as to conduct additional outside right-of-way vegetation management activities and fund the minor storm reserve account. In that filing, Entergy Louisiana proposed to delay repayment of certain shorter-term first mortgage bonds that were issued to finance storm restoration costs until the costs could be securitized, and to invest the funds that otherwise would be used to repay those bonds in the money pool to take advantage of the spread between prevailing interest rates on investments in the money pool and the interest rates on the bonds. The LPSC approved Entergy Louisiana’s requested relief in June 2023. In November 2024, Entergy Louisiana submitted a filing to the LPSC requesting that the LPSC review Entergy Louisiana’s computation of the COVID-19 regulatory asset as well as Entergy Louisiana’s proposal to offset the regulatory asset against the net interest earned on the short-term debt funds, resulting in no increased costs to customers. At the time of the filing, Entergy Louisiana had a regulatory asset of $47.8 million for costs associated

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

with the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2025, Entergy Louisiana had a regulatory liability of $48.9 million for the deferred earnings related to the approximately $1.6 billion in low interest debt, which had been fully repaid by August 2024. In granting Entergy Louisiana’s requested relief in June 2023, the LPSC ordered that any amount of earnings exceeding the amount of the COVID-19 regulatory asset be transferred to Entergy Louisiana’s storm reserve escrow account. In May 2025 the LPSC staff filed direct testimony finding that Entergy Louisiana had complied with the relevant orders and recommending approval of the requested treatment. In June 2025, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff filed a joint motion requesting a hearing for the admission of an uncontested stipulated settlement agreement in the matter. A settlement hearing took place in July 2025 and Entergy Louisiana expects the settlement to be considered at an upcoming meeting of the LPSC. The settlement terms provide for LPSC approval of Entergy Louisiana’s calculation of the COVID-19 regulatory assets and Entergy Louisiana’s proposal to offset the regulatory asset as described above and as proposed in Entergy Louisiana’s November 2024 filing.

Filings with the MPSC (Entergy Mississippi)

Retail Rates

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi submitted its formula rate plan 2025 test year filing and 2024 look-back filing showing Entergy Mississippi’s earned return on rate base for the historical 2024 calendar year to be within the formula rate plan bandwidth and projected earned return for the 2025 calendar year also to be within the formula rate plan bandwidth. The 2025 test year filing showed an earned return on rate base of 7.64% and reflected no change in formula rate plan revenues. The 2024 look-back filing compared actual 2024 results to the approved benchmark return on rate base and reflected no change in formula rate plan revenues, although Entergy Mississippi proposed to adjust interim rates by $135 thousand to reflect two outside-the-bandwidth changes: (1) the completion of Entergy Mississippi’s return to customers of credits under its restructuring credit rider; and (2) a true-up of demand side management costs.

In June 2025, Entergy Mississippi and the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff entered into a joint stipulation that confirmed the 2025 test year filing, with the exception of immaterial adjustments to certain operation and maintenance expenses. The formula rate plan reflected an earned return on rate base of 7.68% for calendar year 2025, resulting in no change in formula rate plan revenues for 2025. Pursuant to the stipulation, Entergy Mississippi’s 2024 look-back filing reflected an earned return on rate base of 7.55%, which also resulted in no change in formula rate plan revenues for 2024. In addition, the stipulation included the recovery of the two outside-the-bandwidth changes discussed above as well as the ratemaking treatment of customer contributions (deferred revenue and prepaid contributions in aid of construction). In June 2025 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation with rates effective in July 2025.

Interim Facilities Rate Adjustments

In May 2024, Entergy Mississippi received approval from the MPSC for formula rate plan revisions that were necessary for Entergy Mississippi to comply with state legislation passed in January 2024. The legislation allows Entergy Mississippi to make interim rate adjustments to recover the non-fuel related annual ownership cost of certain facilities that directly or indirectly provide service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation. Entergy Mississippi filed the first of its annual interim facilities rate adjustment reports in May 2024 to recover approximately $8.7 million of these costs over a six-month period with rates effective beginning in July 2024. Entergy Mississippi filed its second interim facilities rate adjustment report in November 2024 to recover approximately $46.7 million of these costs over a 12-month period with rates effective beginning in January 2025. In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi filed a true-up interim facilities rate adjustment report to the initial annual interim facilities rate adjustment report filed in May 2024, reflecting the recovery of an

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

additional approximately $1.0 million of costs over a 12-month period with rates effective with the first billing cycle of April 2025.

Filings with the City Council (Entergy New Orleans)

Retail Rates

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In April 2025, Entergy New Orleans submitted to the City Council its formula rate plan 2024 test year filing. The 2024 evaluation report produced an electric earned return on equity of 10.98% compared to the authorized return on equity of 9.35%. Without adjustments, this would result in a decrease in electric rates of $13.8 million. The decrease in electric rates is driven by the realignment of regulatory liabilities into the formula from a separate rate mechanism, partially offset by the cost of known and measurable electric capital additions. The filing also commences the previously authorized recovery of certain regulatory costs and requests a revenue-neutral recovery to offset a proposed reduction in bill payment late fees. Taking into account these proposed adjustments, the filing presents a decrease in authorized electric revenues of $8.6 million. The City Council’s advisors issued their report in July 2025 seeking a reduction in Entergy New Orleans’s requested electric formula rate plan revenues of approximately $7.2 million due to certain proposed cost realignments and disallowances, of which $4.1 million is associated with Entergy New Orleans’s proposed implementation, on a revenue neutral basis, of a proposed reduction in customer late fees. The City Council’s advisors also proposed rate mitigation in the amount of $4.4 million through offsets to the formula rate plan funded by certain regulatory liabilities. The City Council’s advisors’ report began a 35-day period to resolve any disputes among the parties regarding the formula rate plan. For any disputed rate adjustments, the City Council would set a procedural schedule to resolve. Resulting rates will be effective with the first billing cycle of September 2025 pursuant to the formula rate plan tariff.

Filings with the PUCT and Texas Cities (Entergy Texas)

Retail Rates

Distribution Cost Recovery Factor (DCRF) Rider

In April 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $77.8 million annually, or $29.3 million in incremental annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF rider based on its capital invested in distribution between July 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024, including distribution-related restoration costs associated with Hurricane Beryl. In June 2025 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective on June 25, 2025.

Transmission Cost Recovery Factor (TCRF) Rider

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in October 2024, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its TCRF rider, which was previously reset to zero in June 2023 as a result of the 2022 base rate case. The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $9.7 million annually based on its capital invested in transmission between January 1, 2022 and June 30, 2024 and changes in other transmission charges. In April 2025 the PUCT approved the TCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective for usage on and after April 7, 2025.

Entergy Arkansas Opportunity Sales Proceeding

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in September 2020, Entergy Arkansas filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas challenging the APSC’s denial of recovery of $135 million of payments

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

to other Utility operating companies in December 2018 relating to off-system sales of electricity from 2002-2009, as ordered by the FERC. The complaint also involved a challenge to the $13.7 million, plus interest, of related refunds ordered by the APSC and paid by Entergy Arkansas in August 2020. The trial was held in February 2023.

In March 2024 the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas issued a judgment in favor of the APSC and against Entergy Arkansas. In March 2024 Entergy Arkansas filed a notice of appeal and a motion to expedite oral arguments with the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and the court granted the motion to expedite. As a result of the adverse decision by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, Entergy Arkansas concluded that it could no longer support the recognition of its $131.8 million regulatory asset reflecting the previously-expected recovery of a portion of the costs at issue in the opportunity sales proceeding and recorded a $131.8 million ($99.1 million net-of-tax) charge to earnings in first quarter 2024. In December 2024 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the decision of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, and Entergy Arkansas filed a petition for rehearing en banc. In January 2025 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied Entergy Arkansas’s petition. In April 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a petition for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court. In June 2025 the United States Supreme Court denied Entergy Arkansas’s petition for certiorari.

MSS-4 Replacement Tariff - Net Operating Loss Carryforward Proceeding

See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the MSS-4 replacement tariff net operating loss carryforward proceeding.

The MSS-4 replacement tariff, a tariff governing the sales of energy and capacity among the Utility operating companies, includes protocols that provide for the disclosure of cost inputs, an opportunity for informal discovery procedures, and a challenge process. In April 2025, pursuant to such protocols, the City Council filed with the FERC a formal challenge relating to Entergy Services’ inclusion and allocation of net operating loss carryforward accumulated deferred income taxes in the MSS-4 replacement tariff rates charged to Entergy New Orleans’s monthly bills for calendar year 2023. In May 2025, Entergy Services filed a response to the formal challenge and is awaiting a response from the FERC.

Complaints Against System Energy

See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information regarding pending complaints against System Energy and the settlements approved by the FERC that resolved all significant aspects of these complaints. The following are updates to that discussion.

Grand Gulf Sale-leaseback Renewal Complaint and Uncertain Tax Position Rate Base Issue

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in February 2023, System Energy submitted a tariff compliance filing with the FERC to clarify that, consistent with the releases provided in the June 2022 MPSC settlement, Entergy Mississippi would continue to be charged for its allocation of the sale-leaseback renewal costs under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In March 2023 the MPSC filed a protest to System Energy’s tariff compliance filing. The MPSC argued that the settlement did not specifically address post-settlement sale-leaseback renewal costs and that the sale-leaseback renewal costs may not be recovered under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In February 2025, System Energy and the MPSC resolved their dispute concerning the sale-leaseback renewal costs. As a result, the MPSC withdrew its protest at the FERC on System Energy’s tariff compliance filing. Entergy Mississippi will continue to pay the allocated sale-leaseback renewal costs of approximately $5.7 million annually and there are no refunds due for prior periods. In March 2025, System Energy filed a status report with the FERC explaining that the dispute is resolved. In April 2025 the FERC accepted System Energy’s tariff compliance filing.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

System Energy Settlement with the LPSC

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in 2024, System Energy reached a settlement with the LPSC to globally resolve all of the LPSC’s actual and potential claims in multiple docketed proceedings pending before the FERC (including all docketed proceedings resolved by the MPSC, the APSC, and the City Council settlements) and associated with System Energy’s past implementation of the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In compliance with the settlement, in May 2025, System Energy, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy Mississippi submitted the following filings with the FERC: (1) a Federal Power Act Section 203 application seeking approval for the permanent divestiture by Entergy Louisiana to Entergy Mississippi of its rights to capacity and energy from Grand Gulf; and (2) a Federal Power Act Section 205 application seeking approval to modify the entitlement percentages of the remaining purchasers under the Unit Power Sales Agreement in connection with the foregoing divestiture. In July 2025, the FERC issued an order accepting the Federal Power Act Section 205 application to remove Entergy Louisiana as a party to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. As a result of the order, the Unit Power Sales Agreement entitlement percentages of the remaining purchasers will be permanently modified to exclude Entergy Louisiana, to be effective beginning October 2025. The FERC also issued an order dismissing the Federal Power Act Section 203 application based on lack of jurisdiction.

Storm Cost Recovery Filings with Retail Regulators

See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion regarding storm cost recovery filings. The following is an update to that discussion.

Entergy Louisiana

Hurricane Francine

In September 2024, Hurricane Francine caused damage to the areas served by Entergy Louisiana. The storm resulted in widespread power outages, primarily due to damage to distribution infrastructure as a result of strong winds and heavy rain, and the loss of sales during the power outages.

In December 2024, and subsequently amended in an errata filed in February 2025, Entergy Louisiana submitted an application to the LPSC seeking a determination that approximately $183.6 million in storm restoration costs associated with Hurricane Francine were reasonable and necessary and, therefore, eligible for recovery from customers, as well as approval to recover approximately $3.6 million in certain carrying costs from customers. In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed a second interim rate adjustment for the 2023 test year reflecting a revenue increase of $17.8 million from funds approved by the LPSC (on an interim basis) for Hurricane Francine recovery costs. The second interim rate adjustment was implemented with the first billing cycle of March 2025. See further discussion of the 2023 formula rate plan filing above. Also in February 2025, Entergy Louisiana withdrew $33.5 million from its funded storm reserves. In June 2025 the LPSC staff filed direct testimony. The LPSC staff recommends approval of Entergy Louisiana’s as-requested storm restoration costs with the exception of approximately $10.6 million, comprised primarily of estimates of mutual assistance invoices that have not yet been received at the time of filing and that ultimately exceeded the actual amounts invoiced, as well as certain incentive compensation, and $1.8 million associated with certain carrying costs. Entergy Louisiana’s rebuttal testimony is due in August 2025 and a hearing is scheduled for November 2025.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 3. EQUITY (Entergy Corporation and Entergy Louisiana)

Common Stock

Earnings per Share

Historical share and share-based data presented in the accompanying financial statements has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the two-for-one forward stock split of Entergy Corporation common stock effective December 12, 2024. See Note 7 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the stock split.

The following tables present Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, included on the consolidated income statements:

Earnings per share dilution resulting from stock options outstanding and other equity plans is determined under the treasury stock method. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 366,136 stock options

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 1,448,982 stock options outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2024 because their effect would have been antidilutive. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 305,113 stock options outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 1,471,220 stock options outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2024 because their effect would have been antidilutive. Until settlement of the forward sale agreements discussed below in “Equity Distribution Program” and “Equity Forward Sale Agreements,” earnings per share dilution resulting from the agreements, if any, is determined under the treasury stock method. Share dilution occurs when the average market price of Entergy Corporation’s common stock is higher than the average forward sales price. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 2,423,880 shares for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2,897,964 shares for the three months ended June 30, 2024 under forward sale agreements outstanding because their effect would have been antidilutive. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 1,304,889 shares for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2,942,440 shares for the six months ended June 30, 2024 under forward sale agreements outstanding because their effect would have been antidilutive.

Entergy’s stock options and other equity compensation plans are discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements herein and in Note 12 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K.

Dividends declared per common share were $0.60 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and $0.57 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Dividends declared per common share were $1.20 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and $1.13 for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

(System Energy)

In February 2025, System Energy paid its parent, Entergy Corporation, a $20 million distribution out of its common stock.

In May 2025, System Energy paid its parent, Entergy Corporation, a $30 million distribution out of its common stock.

Equity Distribution Program

See Note 7 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of Entergy Corporation’s at the market equity distribution program. The following are updates to that discussion.

In February 2025, Entergy Corporation increased by an additional $1.5 billion the aggregate gross sales price authorized under its at the market equity distribution program pursuant to the terms of the equity distribution sales agreement for such program. The aggregate number of shares of common stock sold under this sales agreement and under any forward sale agreement may not exceed an aggregate gross sales price of $4.5 billion. As of June 30, 2025, an aggregate gross sales price of approximately $2.8 billion has been sold under the at the market equity distribution program.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no shares of common stock directly issued under the at the market equity distribution program.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The following forward sale agreements were entered into by Entergy Corporation under its at the market equity distribution program during the six months ended June 30, 2025:

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, Entergy Corporation physically settled its obligations under the following forward sale agreements:

Entergy Corporation incurred an aggregate amount of approximately $1.0 million of general issuance costs associated with the May 2025 settlement. Entergy Corporation used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which included repayment of commercial paper, outstanding loans under Entergy Corporation’s revolving credit facility, and other debt.

Equity Forward Sale Agreements

In March 2025, Entergy marketed an equity offering of 17.8 million shares of Entergy Corporation common stock. In lieu of issuing equity at the time of the offering, Entergy entered into forward sale agreements with several forward counterparties. No amounts have been or will be recorded on Entergy’s balance sheet with respect to the equity offering until settlements of the forward sale agreements occur. The forward sale agreements require Entergy to, at its election on or prior to September 30, 2026, either (1) physically settle the transactions by issuing the total of 17.8 million shares of its common stock to the forward counterparties in exchange for net proceeds at the then-applicable forward sale price specified by the agreements (initially $81.87 per share) or (2) net settle the transactions in whole or in part through the delivery or receipt of cash or shares. The forward sale price is subject to adjustment on a daily basis based on a floating interest rate factor and will decrease by other fixed amounts specified in the agreements.

Until settlement of the forward sale agreements, earnings per share dilution resulting from the agreements, if any, will be determined under the treasury stock method. Share dilution occurs when the average market price of Entergy’s common stock is higher than the average forward sales price. If Entergy had elected to net share settle the forward sale agreements as of June 30, 2025, Entergy would have been required to deliver 0.2 million shares.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Treasury Stock

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, Entergy Corporation reissued 1,268,179 shares of its previously repurchased common stock to satisfy stock option exercises, vesting of shares of restricted stock, and other stock-based awards. Entergy Corporation did not repurchase any of its common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Retained Earnings

On July 25, 2025, Entergy Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a common stock dividend of $0.60 per share, payable on September 2, 2025 to holders of record as of August 13, 2025.

Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is included in the equity section of the balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana. The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for Entergy for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for Entergy for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for Entergy Louisiana for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for Entergy Louisiana for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Total reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) for Entergy for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)These accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement cost. See Note 6 to the financial statements herein for additional details.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Total reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) for Entergy for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)These accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement cost. See Note 6 to the financial statements herein for additional details.

Total reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) for Entergy Louisiana for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement cost. See Note 6 to the financial statements herein for additional details.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Total reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) for Entergy Louisiana for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement cost. See Note 6 to the financial statements herein for additional details.

NOTE 4. REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES, LINES OF CREDIT, SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS, AND LONG-TERM DEBT (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Entergy Corporation has in place a credit facility that has a borrowing capacity of $3 billion and expires in June 2030. The facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $20 million of the total borrowing capacity of the credit facility. The commitment fee is currently 0.225% of the undrawn commitment amount. Commitment fees and interest rates on loans under the credit facility can fluctuate depending on the senior unsecured debt ratings of Entergy Corporation. As there were no borrowings under the facility for the six months ended June 30, 2025, the estimated interest rate as of June 30, 2025 that would have been applied to outstanding borrowings under the facility was 5.93%. The following is a summary of the amounts outstanding and capacity available under the credit facility as of June 30, 2025:

Entergy Corporation’s credit facility includes a covenant requiring Entergy to maintain a consolidated debt ratio, as defined, of 65% or less of its total capitalization. Entergy is in compliance with this covenant. If Entergy fails to meet this ratio, or if Entergy Corporation or one of the Registrant Subsidiaries (except Entergy New Orleans and System Energy) defaults on other indebtedness or is in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, an acceleration of the Entergy Corporation credit facility’s maturity date may occur.

Entergy Corporation has a commercial paper program with a Board-approved program limit of $2 billion. As of June 30, 2025, Entergy Corporation had $459 million of commercial paper outstanding. The weighted-average interest rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was 4.65%.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas each had credit facilities available as of June 30, 2025 as follows:

(a)The interest rate is the estimated interest rate as of June 30, 2025 that would have been applied to outstanding borrowings under the facility.

(b)Borrowings under this Entergy Arkansas credit facility may be secured by a security interest in its accounts receivable at Entergy Arkansas’s option.

(c)The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against a portion of the borrowing capacity of the facility as follows: $5 million for Entergy Arkansas; $15 million for Entergy Louisiana; $5 million for Entergy Mississippi; $10 million for Entergy New Orleans; and $25 million for Entergy Texas.

The commitment fees on the credit facilities range from 0.075% to 0.375% of the undrawn commitment amount for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas, and of the entire facility amount for Entergy New Orleans. Each of the credit facilities requires the Registrant Subsidiary borrower to maintain a debt ratio, as defined, of 65% or less of its total capitalization. Each Registrant Subsidiary is in compliance with this covenant.

In addition, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas each has one or more uncommitted standby letter of credit facilities as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO and for other purposes. In July 2025, Entergy Texas entered into a second uncommitted standby letter of credit facility in the amount of $160 million with a letter of credit fee of 1.05%. The following is a summary of the uncommitted standby letter of credit facilities as of June 30, 2025:

(a)As of June 30, 2025, letters of credit posted with MISO covered financial transmission rights exposure of $3.5 million for Entergy Arkansas, $1.2 million for Entergy Louisiana, $0.6 million for Entergy Mississippi, and $0.6 million for Entergy Texas. See Note 8 to the financial statements herein for discussion of financial transmission rights.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

(b)As of June 30, 2025, the letters of credit issued for Entergy Mississippi include $46.0 million in MISO letters of credit and $1.3 million in non-MISO letters of credit outstanding under this facility.

The short-term borrowings of the Registrant Subsidiaries are limited to amounts authorized by the FERC. Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy have FERC-authorized short-term borrowing limits effective through January 2027. In addition to borrowings from commercial banks, these companies may also borrow from the Entergy system money pool and from other internal short-term borrowing arrangements. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and the other internal borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings. Borrowings from internal and external short-term borrowings combined may not exceed the FERC-authorized limits. The following are the FERC-authorized limits for short-term borrowings and the outstanding short-term borrowings as of June 30, 2025 (aggregating both internal and external short-term borrowings) for the Registrant Subsidiaries:

Variable Interest Entities (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy)

See Note 17 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the consolidation of the nuclear fuel company variable interest entities (VIEs). To finance the acquisition and ownership of nuclear fuel, the nuclear fuel company VIEs have credit facilities and three of the four VIEs also issue commercial paper, details of which follow as of June 30, 2025:

(a)Includes letter of credit fees and bank fronting fees on commercial paper issuances by the nuclear fuel company VIEs for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy. The nuclear fuel company VIE for Entergy Louisiana River Bend does not issue commercial paper, but borrows directly on its bank credit facility.

The commitment fees on the credit facilities are 0.100% of the undrawn commitment amount for the Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy VIEs. Each credit facility requires the respective lessee of nuclear fuel (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, or Entergy Corporation as guarantor for System Energy) to maintain a consolidated debt ratio, as defined, of 70% or less of its total capitalization. Each lessee is in compliance with this covenant.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The nuclear fuel company VIEs had notes payable that were included in debt on the respective balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 as follows:

In accordance with regulatory treatment, interest on the nuclear fuel company VIEs’ credit facilities, commercial paper, and long-term notes payable is reported in fuel expense.

As of June 30, 2025, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy each has obtained financing authorization from the FERC that extends through January 2027 for issuances by its nuclear fuel company VIEs.

Debt Issuances and Retirements

(Entergy Arkansas)

In May 2025, Entergy Arkansas issued $300 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds due June 2034. Entergy Arkansas expects to use the proceeds, together with other funds, to finance the construction of Lake Catherine Unit 5, and for general corporate purposes.

(Entergy Louisiana)

In January 2025, Entergy Louisiana issued $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds due March 2055. Entergy Louisiana used the proceeds, together with other funds: (1) to repay, prior to maturity, its $190 million of 3.78% Series mortgage bonds due April 2025; (2) to repay, prior to maturity, its $110 million of 3.78% Series mortgage bonds due April 2025; (3) for capital expenditures; and (4) for general corporate purposes.

(Entergy Mississippi)

In March 2025, Entergy Mississippi issued $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds due April 2055. Entergy Mississippi expects to use the proceeds, together with other funds, to finance a portion of the construction of the Delta Blues Advanced Power Station, the Delta Solar facility, and the Penton Solar facility, and for general corporate purposes.

(Entergy New Orleans)

In February 2025, Entergy New Orleans entered into a term loan credit agreement providing a $80 million unsecured term loan due March 2026. The term loan bears interest at a variable interest rate based on an adjusted term Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus the applicable adjustment. The rate set as of June 30, 2025 was 5.79%. Entergy New Orleans received the funds in March 2025 and used the proceeds to repay, at maturity, its $78 million of 3.00% Series mortgage bonds due March 2025 and for general corporate purposes. The term loan was subsequently repaid, prior to its maturity, in July 2025.

(Entergy Texas)

In February 2025, Entergy Texas issued $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds due April 2035. Entergy Texas expects to use the proceeds, together with other funds, to finance the construction of the Orange County Advanced Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station, and for general corporate purposes.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

(System Energy)

In May 2025, System Energy issued $240 million of 5.30% Series mortgage bonds due December 2034. System Energy used the proceeds, together with other funds, to repay, prior to maturity, its $200 million of 2.14% Series mortgage bonds due December 2025, and for general corporate purposes.

Fair Value

The book value and the fair value of long-term debt for Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2025 were as follows:

(a)Fair values were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements herein.

The book value and the fair value of long-term debt for Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:

(a)Fair values were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements herein.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 5. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Entergy Corporation)

Entergy grants stock and stock-based awards, which are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K. Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over three years.

Stock Options

In February 2025 the Board approved and Entergy granted long-term incentive awards in the form of options on 366,136 shares of its common stock under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan with a fair value of $17.43 per option. As of June 30, 2025, there were options on 3,132,728 shares of common stock outstanding with a weighted-average exercise price of $56.71. The intrinsic value, which has no effect on net income, of the outstanding stock options is calculated by the positive difference between the weighted-average exercise price of the stock options granted and Entergy Corporation’s common stock price as of June 30, 2025. The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2025 was $78.6 million.

The following table includes financial information for stock options for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table includes financial information for stock options for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Other Equity Awards

In February 2025 the Board approved and Entergy granted long-term incentive awards in the form of 510,009 restricted stock awards and 187,036 performance units under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The restricted stock awards were made effective on February 6, 2025 and were valued at $82.79 per share, which was the closing price of Entergy Corporation’s common stock on the grant date. Shares of restricted stock have the same dividend and voting rights as other common stock, are considered issued and outstanding shares of Entergy upon vesting, and are expensed ratably over the three-year vesting period. One-third of the restricted stock awards and accrued dividends will vest upon each anniversary of the grant date.

The performance units represent the value of, and are settled with, one share of Entergy Corporation common stock at the end of the three-year performance period, plus dividends accrued during the performance period on the number of performance units earned. To emphasize the importance of environmental stewardship, specifically of carbon-free generation and resilience, an environmental achievement measure was selected as one of the performance measures for the 2025-2027 performance period. For the 2025-2027 performance period, performance will be measured based eighty percent on relative total shareholder return and twenty percent on the environmental achievement measure. The performance units were granted on February 6, 2025 and eighty percent

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

were valued at $115.13 per share based on various factors, primarily market conditions; and twenty percent were valued at $82.79 per share, the closing price of Entergy Corporation’s common stock on the grant date. Performance units have the same dividend and voting rights as other common stock, are considered issued and outstanding shares of Entergy upon vesting, and are expensed ratably over the three-year vesting period, and compensation cost for the portion of the award based on the selected environmental achievement measure will be adjusted based on the number of units that ultimately vest. See Note 12 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of the Long-Term Performance Unit Program.

The following table includes financial information for other outstanding equity awards for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table includes financial information for other equity awards for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

NOTE 6. RETIREMENT AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Components of Qualified Net Pension Cost

Entergy’s qualified pension costs, including amounts capitalized, for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, included the following components:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy’s qualified pension costs, including amounts capitalized, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, included the following components:

The Registrant Subsidiaries’ qualified pension costs, including amounts capitalized, for their current and former employees for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, included the following components:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The Registrant Subsidiaries’ qualified pension costs, including amounts capitalized, for their current and former employees for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, included the following components:

Non-Qualified Net Pension Cost

Entergy recognized $2.5 million and $2.7 million in pension cost for its non-qualified pension plans for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, there were no settlement charges related to the payment of lump sum benefits out of the plan. Entergy recognized $5 million and $5.4 million in pension cost for its non-qualified pension plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no settlement charges related to the payment of lump sum benefits out of the plan.

The Registrant Subsidiaries recognized the following pension cost for their current and former employees for their non-qualified pension plans for second quarters of 2025 and 2024:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The Registrant Subsidiaries recognized the following pension cost for their current and former employees for their non-qualified pension plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

For the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, there were no settlement charges for the Registrant Subsidiaries related to the payment of lump sums benefits out of the plan. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 there were no settlement charges for the Registrant Subsidiaries related to the payment of lump sum benefits out of the plan.

Components of Net Other Postretirement Benefits Income

Entergy’s other postretirement benefits income, including amounts capitalized, for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, included the following components:

Entergy’s other postretirement benefits income, including amounts capitalized, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, included the following components:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The Registrant Subsidiaries’ other postretirement benefits income, including amounts capitalized, for their current and former employees for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024 included the following components:

The Registrant Subsidiaries’ other postretirement benefits income, including amounts capitalized, for their current and former employees for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included the following components:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Entergy and Entergy Louisiana reclassified the following costs out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (before taxes and including amounts capitalized) for the second quarters of 2025 and 2024:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy and Entergy Louisiana reclassified the following costs out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (before taxes and including amounts capitalized) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Accounting for Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

In accordance with accounting standards, the other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations and are presented by Entergy in miscellaneous - net in other income.

See Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for further discussion of pension and other postretirement benefits costs.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Employer Contributions

Based on current assumptions, Entergy expects to contribute $240 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025. As of June 30, 2025, Entergy had contributed $99.7 million to its pension plans. Based on current assumptions, the Registrant Subsidiaries expect to contribute the following to qualified pension plans for their current and former employees in 2025:

NOTE 7. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Entergy has a single reportable segment, Utility, which includes the generation, transmission, distribution, and sale of electric power in portions of Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, and Louisiana, including the City of New Orleans; and operation of a small natural gas distribution business in portions of Louisiana through June 30, 2025. See Note 13 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025. Parent & Other includes the parent company, Entergy Corporation, and other business activity, including Entergy’s non-utility operations business, which is an operating segment that does not meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The following table includes operating revenues and significant expense categories regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker for the Utility segment, a reconciliation of Utility operating revenues to Entergy’s consolidated operating revenues, and a reconciliation of Utility net income to consolidated net income and net income attributable to Entergy Corporation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

(a)See Note 12 to the financial statements herein and Note 19 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of other revenues.

(b)Other Utility items includes nuclear refueling outage expenses, asset write-offs, decommissioning expenses, taxes other than income taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses, other income, interest expense, and income tax expense.

(c)See Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the one-time non-cash pension settlement charge resulting from a group annuity contract purchased in second quarter 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities, of which $8 million was recorded at Utility and $317 million was recorded at Parent & Other.

(d)Preferred dividend requirements of subsidiaries and noncontrolling interests is substantially derived from the Utility segment. See Note 6 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of preferred stock and noncontrolling interests.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The following table presents segment financial information for Entergy’s single reportable segment, Utility, and a reconciliation to the corresponding consolidated amounts for Entergy Corporation for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents segment financial information for Entergy’s single reportable segment, Utility, and a reconciliation to the corresponding consolidated amounts for Entergy Corporation for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Eliminations are primarily intersegment activity. All of Entergy’s goodwill is related to the Utility segment.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Registrant Subsidiaries

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas each has one operating and reportable segment, an integrated utility business which includes the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric power; and operation of a small natural gas distribution business at each of Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans through June 30, 2025. See Note 13 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. System Energy has one operating and reportable segment, which is an electricity generation business. Each of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ operations are managed on an integrated basis by that company because of the substantial effect of cost-based rates and regulatory oversight on the business process, cost structures, and operating results. All segment financial information for the Registrant Subsidiaries is as reported on the respective financial statements for each of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

NOTE 8. RISK MANAGEMENT AND FAIR VALUES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Market Risk

In the normal course of business, Entergy is exposed to a number of market risks. Market risk is the potential loss that Entergy may incur as a result of changes in the market or fair value of a particular commodity or instrument. All financial and commodity-related instruments, including derivatives, are subject to market risk including commodity price risk, equity price, and interest rate risk. Entergy uses derivatives primarily to mitigate commodity price risk associated with the price of fuel.

The Utility has limited exposure to the effects of market risk because it operates primarily under cost-based rate regulation. To the extent approved by their retail regulators, the Utility operating companies use commodity and financial instruments to hedge the exposure to price volatility inherent in their purchased power, fuel, and gas purchased for resale costs, that are recovered from customers.

Derivatives

Entergy designates a significant portion of its derivative instruments as normal purchase/normal sale transactions due to their physical settlement provisions, including power purchase and sales agreements, fuel purchase agreements, and capacity contracts. Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for designation as normal purchase/normal sale transactions due to their financial settlement provisions. See further discussion below regarding the accounting for these derivative instruments.

Entergy manages fuel price volatility for its Louisiana jurisdictions (Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans) and Entergy Mississippi through the purchase of natural gas swaps that financially settle against either the average Henry Hub Gas Daily prices or the NYMEX Henry Hub. These swaps are marked-to-market through fuel expense with offsetting regulatory assets or liabilities. All benefits or costs of the program are recorded in fuel costs. The notional volumes of these swaps are based on a portion of projected annual exposure to gas price volatility for electric generation at Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Mississippi and projected winter purchases for gas distribution at Entergy New Orleans. The maximum length of time over which Entergy has executed natural gas swaps as of June 30, 2025 is 9 months for Entergy Mississippi. The total volume of natural gas swaps outstanding as of June 30, 2025 is 9,493,000 MMBtu for Entergy and Entergy Mississippi. As of June 30, 2025, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans had no outstanding natural gas swaps. Credit support for these natural gas swaps is covered by master agreements that do not require Entergy to provide collateral based on mark-to-market value, but do carry adequate assurance language that may lead to requests for collateral.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

During the second quarter 2025, Entergy participated in the annual financial transmission rights auction process for the MISO planning year of June 1, 2025 through May 31, 2026. Financial transmission rights are derivative instruments that represent economic hedges of future congestion charges that will be incurred in serving Entergy’s customer load. They are not designated as hedging instruments. Entergy initially records financial transmission rights at their estimated fair value and subsequently adjusts the carrying value to their estimated fair value at the end of each accounting period prior to settlement. Unrealized gains or losses on financial transmission rights held by the non-utility operations are included in operating revenues. The Utility operating companies recognize regulatory liabilities or assets for unrealized gains or losses on financial transmission rights. The total volume of financial transmission rights outstanding as of June 30, 2025 is 102,393 GWh for Entergy, including 20,804 GWh for Entergy Arkansas, 55,064 GWh for Entergy Louisiana, 11,361 GWh for Entergy Mississippi, 3,660 GWh for Entergy New Orleans, and 11,505 GWh for Entergy Texas. Credit support for financial transmission rights held by the Utility operating companies is covered by cash and/or letters of credit issued by each Utility operating company as required by MISO. Credit support for financial transmission rights held by Entergy’s non-utility operations business is covered by cash. No cash or letters of credit were required to be posted for financial transmission rights exposure for the non-utility operations business as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Letters of credit posted with MISO covered the financial transmission rights exposure for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas as of June 30, 2025 and for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas as of December 31, 2024.

The fair values of Entergy’s derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are shown in the table below. Certain investments, including those not designated as hedging instruments, are subject to master netting agreements and are presented in the balance sheet on a net basis in accordance with accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging.

(a)Represents the gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities

(b)Represents the netting of fair value balances with the same counterparty

(c)Represents the net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries’ Consolidated Balance Sheets

(d)Excludes letters of credit posted with MISO to cover financial transmission rights exposure in the amount of $6 million as of June 30, 2025 and $2 million as of December 31, 2024

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The effects of Entergy’s derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated income statements for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

The effects of Entergy’s derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated income statements for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)Due to regulatory treatment, the natural gas swaps are marked-to-market through fuel, fuel-related expenses, and gas purchased for resale and then such amounts are simultaneously reversed and recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as fuel expenses when the swaps are settled are recovered or refunded through fuel cost recovery mechanisms.

(b)Due to regulatory treatment, the changes in the estimated fair value of financial transmission rights for the Utility operating companies are recorded through purchased power expense and then such amounts are simultaneously reversed and recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as purchased power expense when the financial transmission rights for the Utility operating companies are settled are recovered or refunded through fuel cost recovery mechanisms.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The fair values of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are shown in the tables below. Certain investments, including those not designated as hedging instruments, are subject to master netting agreements and are presented in the balance sheet on a net basis in accordance with accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging.

(a)Represents the gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities

(b)Represents the netting of fair value balances with the same counterparty

(c)Represents the net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ balance sheets

(d)Excludes letters of credit posted with MISO to cover financial transmission rights exposure in the amount of $3.5 million for Entergy Arkansas, $1.2 million for Entergy Louisiana, $0.6 million for Entergy Mississippi,

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Notes to Financial Statements

and $0.6 million for Entergy Texas as of June 30, 2025 and in the amount of $0.5 million for Entergy Arkansas, $0.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $0.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.1 million for Entergy New Orleans, and $0.3 million for Entergy Texas as of December 31, 2024.

The effects of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ income statements for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The effects of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ income statements for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)Due to regulatory treatment, the natural gas swaps are marked-to-market through fuel, fuel-related expenses, and gas purchased for resale and then such amounts are simultaneously reversed and recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as fuel expenses when the swaps are settled are recovered or refunded through fuel cost recovery mechanisms.

(b)Due to regulatory treatment, the changes in the estimated fair value of financial transmission rights for the Utility operating companies are recorded through purchased power expense and then such amounts are simultaneously reversed and recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as purchased power expense when the financial transmission rights for the Utility operating companies are settled are recovered or refunded through fuel cost recovery mechanisms.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using historical prices, bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling. Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value. Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange. Gains or losses realized on financial instruments are reflected in future rates and therefore do not affect net income. Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

Accounting standards define fair value as an exit price, or the price that would be received to sell an asset or the amount that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between knowledgeable market

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

participants at the date of measurement. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries use assumptions or market input data that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities at fair value. The inputs can be readily observable, corroborated by market data, or generally unobservable. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries endeavor to use the best available information to determine fair value.

Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy establishes the highest priority for unadjusted market quotes in an active market for the identical asset or liability and the lowest priority for unobservable inputs.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

• Level 1 - Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 primarily consists of individually owned common stocks, cash equivalents (temporary cash investments, securitization recovery trust account, and escrow accounts), debt instruments, and gas swaps traded on exchanges with active markets. Cash equivalents includes all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
• Level 2 - Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are, either directly or indirectly, observable for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Assets are valued based on prices derived by independent third parties that use inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and issuer spreads. Prices are reviewed and can be challenged with the independent parties and/or overridden by Entergy if it is believed such would be more reflective of fair value. Level 2 inputs include the following:

–quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

–quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

–inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; or

–inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 2 consists primarily of individually-owned debt instruments and gas swaps valued using observable inputs.

• Level 3 - Level 3 inputs are pricing inputs that are generally less observable or unobservable from objective sources. These inputs are used with internally developed methodologies to produce management’s best estimate of fair value for the asset or liability. Level 3 consists primarily of financial transmission rights.

The values of financial transmission rights are based on unobservable inputs, including estimates of congestion costs in MISO between applicable generation and load pricing nodes based on the 50th percentile of historical prices. They are classified as Level 3 assets and liabilities. The valuations of these assets and liabilities are performed by the Office of Corporate Risk Oversight. The values are calculated internally and verified against the data published by MISO. Entergy’s Accounting group reviews these valuations for reasonableness, with the assistance of others within the organization with knowledge of the various inputs and assumptions used in the valuation. The Office of Corporate Risk Oversight reports to the Vice President and Treasurer. The Accounting group reports to the Chief Accounting Officer.

The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, Entergy’s assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The assessment of

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Notes to Financial Statements

the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

(a)The decommissioning trust funds hold equity and fixed income securities. Equity securities are invested to approximate the returns of major market indices. Fixed income securities are held in various governmental and corporate securities. See Note 9 to the financial statements herein for additional information on the investment portfolios.

(b)Common trust funds are not publicly quoted and are valued by the fund administrators using net asset value as a practical expedient. Accordingly, these funds are not assigned a level in the fair value table. The fund administrator of these investments allows daily trading at the net asset value and trades settle at a later date.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The fair values of the Level 3 financial transmission rights are based on unobservable inputs calculated internally and verified against historical pricing data published by MISO.

The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the Registrant Subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

Entergy Arkansas

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy Louisiana

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy Mississippi

Entergy New Orleans

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy Texas

System Energy

(a)The decommissioning trust funds hold equity and fixed income securities. Equity securities are invested to approximate the returns of major market indices. Fixed income securities are held in various governmental and corporate securities. See Note 9 to the financial statements herein for additional information on the investment portfolios.

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Notes to Financial Statements

(b)Common trust funds are not publicly quoted and are valued by the fund administrators using net asset value as a practical expedient. Accordingly, these funds are not assigned a level in the fair value table. The fund administrator of these investments allows daily trading at the net asset value and trades settle at a later date.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets (liabilities) for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets (liabilities) for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

NOTE 9. DECOMMISSIONING TRUST FUNDS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy)

The NRC requires certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy to maintain nuclear decommissioning trusts to fund the costs of decommissioning ANO 1 and 2, River Bend, Waterford 3, and Grand Gulf. Entergy’s nuclear decommissioning trust funds invest in equity securities, fixed-rate debt securities, and cash and cash equivalents.

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value. Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, for unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets. For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Louisiana records an offsetting amount in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana for the unrealized trust earnings not currently expected to be needed to decommission the plant. Generally, Entergy records gains and losses on its debt and equity securities using the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of its securities.

The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 on equity securities still held as of June 30, 2025 were $536 million and $513 million, respectively. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A relatively small percentage of the equity securities are held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Wilshire 4500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

The available-for-sale debt securities held as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no deferred taxes on unrealized gains/(losses). The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $2,148 million as of June 30, 2025 and $2,121 million as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, available-for-sale debt securities had an average coupon rate of

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Notes to Financial Statements

approximately 4.14%, an average duration of approximately 6.39 years, and an average maturity of approximately 10.81 years.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by length of time that the securities had been in a continuous loss position, were as follows as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The following table summarizes proceeds from the dispositions of available-for-sale debt securities and the related gains and losses from the sales during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, gross gains and gross losses related to available-for-sale debt securities were reclassified out of other regulatory liabilities/assets into earnings.

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Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy Arkansas

Entergy Arkansas holds equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities in nuclear decommissioning trust accounts. The available-for-sale debt securities held as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $606.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and $603.5 million as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the available-for-sale debt securities had an average coupon rate of approximately 3.75%, an average duration of approximately 6.20 years, and an average maturity of approximately 8.46 years.

The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 on equity securities still held as of June 30, 2025 were $138 million and $126.7 million, respectively. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A relatively small percentage of the equity securities are held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Wilshire 4500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by length of time that the securities had been in a continuous loss position, were as follows as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

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Notes to Financial Statements

The following table summarizes proceeds from the dispositions of available-for-sale debt securities and the related gains and losses from the sales during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

During three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, gross gains and gross losses related to available-for-sale debt securities were reclassified out of other regulatory liabilities/assets into earnings.

Entergy Louisiana

Entergy Louisiana holds equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities in nuclear decommissioning trust accounts. The available-for-sale debt securities held as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $947.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and $931.5 million as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the available-for-sale debt securities had an average coupon rate of approximately 4.40%, an average duration of approximately 6.57 years, and an average maturity of approximately 12.38 years.

The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 on equity securities still held as of June 30, 2025 were $267.9 million and $254.6 million, respectively. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A relatively small percentage of the equity securities are held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Wilshire 4500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by length of time that the securities had been in a continuous loss position, were as follows as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The following table summarizes proceeds from the dispositions of available-for-sale debt securities and the related gains and losses from the sales during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, gross gains and gross losses related to available-for-sale debt securities were reclassified out of other regulatory liabilities/assets into earnings.

System Energy

System Energy holds equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities in nuclear decommissioning trust accounts. The available-for-sale debt securities held as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $595 million as of June 30, 2025 and $585.5 million as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the available-for-sale debt securities had an average coupon rate of approximately 4.13%, an average duration of approximately 6.27 years, and an average maturity of approximately 10.73 years.

The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 on equity securities still held as of June 30, 2025 were $130.5 million and $131.3 million, respectively. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. A relatively small percentage of the equity securities are held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Wilshire 4500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by length of time that the securities had been in a continuous loss position, were as follows as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The following table summarizes proceeds from the dispositions of available-for-sale debt securities and the related gains and losses from the sales during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, gross gains and gross losses related to available-for-sale debt securities were reclassified out of other regulatory liabilities/assets into earnings.

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Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 10. INCOME TAXES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

See “Income Tax Audits” and “Other Tax Matters” in Note 3 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of income tax audits, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and other income tax matters involving Entergy. The following are updates to that discussion.

Other Tax Matters

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

As discussed in the Note 3 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K, the Inflation Reduction Act, signed into law on August 16, 2022, significantly expanded federal tax incentives for clean energy production, including the extension of production tax credits to solar projects and certain qualified nuclear power facilities. Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy have the potential to generate zero-emission nuclear power production tax credits for electricity generated by their respective nuclear power facilities. Due to the uncertainty of the value, if any, of credits Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, or System Energy may receive, such credits for the nuclear power produced in 2024 were not recognized as of December 31, 2024.

In second quarter 2025, Entergy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy determined, based on current analysis and evolving regulatory developments, that it was appropriate to record zero-emission nuclear power production tax credits for electricity generated in 2024 by their respective nuclear power facilities and the credits are expected to be claimed on the Entergy 2024 federal income tax return. Because the U.S. Treasury and the IRS have not issued final guidance on the application of Internal Revenue Code section 45U, including the definition of “gross receipts,” Entergy considers the tax position associated with these credits to be uncertain under the provisions of income tax accounting standards. As such, the recognition of the credits included a corresponding provision for uncertain tax positions for the full amount of the credits recognized.

The value of the credits was calculated based on the amount of electricity generated and sold by each nuclear generating unit owned by Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy during 2024, multiplied by the applicable credit rate (i.e. dollars per kW). The applicable credit rate included the incremental amount of credit for meeting the “prevailing wages” criteria under the Inflation Reduction Act. Entergy also applied the statutorily required reduction amount in arriving at the value of the credits. This reduction amount was driven by the “Gross receipts” received by each unit for its 2024 energy production. Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy recognized production tax credits of $221.4 million, $208.9 million, and $140.9 million, respectively, resulting in an Entergy consolidated production tax credit of $571.2 million. To the extent future guidance allows Entergy to realize the value of the credits under the provisions of income tax accounting standards, the monetized value of the credits are expected to be shared with customers.

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy expect to transfer the credits to third parties for cash (including a reasonable discount) prior to the filing of the Entergy 2024 federal income tax return. As such, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, System Energy, and the relevant affiliates are preparing or have submitted filings with the FERC and their respective retail regulators to determine a fair and reasonable approach, including risk sharing and timing, to incorporate the net cash proceeds received for these credits into future customer rates, particularly in light of the related provision for uncertain tax position. Entergy will continue to monitor developments and reassess its tax position as additional guidance or other information emerges.

Sale of Natural Gas Distribution Businesses

See Note 13 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’ and Entergy Louisiana’s natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. Entergy is expected to recognize a gain of approximately $335 million for tax purposes, with Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans recognizing

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Notes to Financial Statements

$150 million and $185 million, respectively. Both Entergy and Entergy Louisiana have sufficient federal tax net operating loss carryforwards to offset their respective gains. Accordingly, Entergy does not have a resulting federal income tax obligation as a result of the transaction, nor will Entergy Louisiana be required to make a federal tax payment under the terms of the intercompany income tax allocation agreement. Entergy New Orleans is expected to fully absorb its federal tax net operating loss carryforward in 2025, and its resulting federal tax payment under the intercompany income tax allocation agreement will be dependent on its results of operations for the remainder of the year. Estimated state tax payments for Entergy, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans are not anticipated to be significant.

NOTE 11. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

See Note 17 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of variable interest entities (VIEs). See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for details of the nuclear fuel companies’ credit facilities, commercial paper borrowings, and long-term debt. See Note 6 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of noncontrolling interests.

Restoration Law Trust I (the storm trust I), a trust consolidated by Entergy Louisiana, is a VIE and Entergy Louisiana is the primary beneficiary. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the primary asset held by the storm trust I was $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, of outstanding Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests, which is reflected as an investment in affiliate preferred membership interests on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Louisiana. The LURC’s 1% beneficial interest in the storm trust I is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana, with balances of $28.9 million as of June 30, 2025 and $28.8 million as of December 31, 2024.

Restoration Law Trust II (the storm trust II), a trust consolidated by Entergy Louisiana, is a VIE and Entergy Louisiana is the primary beneficiary. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the primary asset held by the storm trust II was $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, of outstanding Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests, which is reflected as an investment in affiliate preferred membership interests on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Louisiana. The LURC’s 1% beneficial interest in the storm trust II is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana, with balances of $14.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and $13.9 million as of December 31, 2024.

System Energy is considered to hold a variable interest in the lessor from which it leases an undivided interest in the Grand Gulf nuclear plant. System Energy is the lessee under this arrangement, which is described in more detail in Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K. System Energy made payments under this arrangement, including interest, of $8.6 million in each of the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2024.

AR Searcy Partnership, LLC is a tax equity partnership that qualifies as a VIE, which Entergy Arkansas is required to consolidate as it is the primary beneficiary. As of June 30, 2025, AR Searcy Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $127.5 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment, and the carrying value of Entergy Arkansas’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $114 million. As of December 31, 2024, AR Searcy Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $129.7 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment, and the carrying value of Entergy Arkansas’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $113.2 million. The tax equity investor’s ownership interest is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Arkansas.

MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC is a tax equity partnership that qualifies as a VIE, which Entergy Mississippi is required to consolidate as it is the primary beneficiary. As of June 30, 2025, MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $155.4 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment,

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Notes to Financial Statements

and the carrying value of Entergy Mississippi’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $136.9 million. As of December 31, 2024, MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $157.8 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment, and the carrying value of Entergy Mississippi’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $132.7 million. The tax equity investor’s ownership interest is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Mississippi.

NOTE 12. REVENUE (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Operating Revenues

See Note 19 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of revenue recognition. Entergy’s total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

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Notes to Financial Statements

Entergy’s total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

The Utility operating companies’ total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements

The Utility operating companies’ total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

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Notes to Financial Statements

(a)Sales for resale includes day-ahead sales of energy in a market administered by an ISO. These sales represent financially binding commitments for the sale of physical energy the next day. These sales are adjusted to actual power generated and delivered in the real time market. Given the short duration of these transactions, Entergy does not consider them to be derivatives subject to fair value adjustments and includes them as part of customer revenues.

(b)Other electric revenues consist primarily of transmission and ancillary services provided to participants of an ISO-administered market, unbilled revenue, and certain customer credits as directed by regulators.

(c)Other Utility revenues include the occasional sales of inventory, alternative revenue programs, provisions for revenue subject to refund, and late fees.

(d)Other revenues include the sale of electric power and capacity to wholesale customers, day-ahead sales of energy in a market administered by an ISO, and operation and management services fees.

NOTE 13. HELD FOR SALE AND DISPOSITIONS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans)

Natural Gas Distribution Businesses

See Note 14 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information regarding the planned sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses. The following are updates to that discussion.

On October 28, 2023, Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana each entered into separate purchase and sale agreements with respect to the sale of their respective regulated natural gas local distribution company businesses to two separate affiliates of Bernhard Capital Partners Management LP. Under the purchase and sale agreements, Entergy New Orleans agreed to sell its regulated natural gas local distribution company business that serves customers in the Parish of Orleans, Louisiana, and Entergy Louisiana agreed to sell its regulated natural gas local distribution company business that serves customers in the Parish of East Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses are reflected in Entergy’s Utility reportable segment and in the respective single reportable segment for each of Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana through June 30, 2025.

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Notes to Financial Statements

Required regulatory approval was received from the LPSC and the City Council in August 2024 and December 2024, respectively. In February 2025 the Metropolitan Council of the Parish of East Baton Rouge approved the proposed sale of the Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution business and also approved the assignment of the parish franchise from Entergy Louisiana to Delta Capital Gas Company, LLC (a Bernhard Capital Partners Management LP affiliate).

The transactions had two phases: (1) an “Initial Phase” prior to regulatory approvals in connection with both transactions; and (2) a “Second Phase” following regulatory approvals in connection with both transactions to the extent that certain conditions were satisfied or, where permissible, waived for both transactions. As described above, the transactions received all required regulatory approvals, and the Second Phase commenced on March 5, 2025.

The Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses first met the criteria to be classified as held for sale in the quarter ended December 31, 2024, and continued to meet such criteria as of June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, neither Entergy Louisiana nor Entergy New Orleans had recognized any write downs of the natural gas distribution business assets as a result of their classification as held for sale, as neither sale was expected to result in a loss. The assets and liabilities of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale on Entergy’s, Entergy Louisiana’s, and Entergy New Orleans’s consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 included the following amounts:

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Notes to Financial Statements

(a) Goodwill was allocated to the natural gas distribution business based on its relative fair value compared to the retained portion of the reporting unit.

(b) Included within other current liabilities on the respective consolidated balance sheets.

(c) Included within other non-current liabilities on the respective consolidated balance sheets.

Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans continued to recognize depreciation on the natural gas distribution businesses assets through June 30, 2025 since they received revenues through utility customer rates through the closing of the transaction, and because the final purchase price for the natural gas distribution businesses was adjusted by an amount equal to that depreciation, among other adjustments.

The pre-tax income for the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses, excluding interest and corporate allocations, included in Entergy’s, Entergy Louisiana’s, and Entergy New Orleans’s consolidated income statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

On July 1, 2025, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans completed the sale of their natural gas distribution businesses. The Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution business was sold for a purchase price of $203 million and results in an expected gain of $12 million ($9 million net-of-tax), net of $20 million in transaction costs. The Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution business was sold for a purchase price of $288 million and results in an expected gain of $5 million ($4 million net-of-tax), net of $19 million in transaction costs. The sale of the natural gas distribution businesses results in an expected gain of $11 million ($6 million net-of-tax) for Entergy, which includes goodwill of $7 million that was attributed to the businesses sold and derecognized following the completion of the sale. Entergy New Orleans deferred $4 million of its respective gain as a regulatory liability, which will be amortized over three years beginning September 2026, to be shared with electric utility customers, as required by the City Council. The sale price is subject to a true-up related to the estimated value of assets and liabilities transferred, which may result in subsequent adjustments to the gain recorded in third quarter 2025. Additionally, as a result of the sale, in third quarter 2025, Entergy New Orleans expects to write-off $12 million of natural gas plant assets that were not included in the sale to Delta Capital Gas Company, LLC, and which will not be recovered. See Note 10 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the tax accounting effects of the sale.

In the opinion of the management of Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy, the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals and reclassification of previously reported amounts to conform to current classifications) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Entergy’s business is subject to seasonal fluctuations, however, with peak periods occurring typically during the first and third quarters. The results for the interim periods presented should not be used as a basis for estimating results of operations for a full year.

Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

See the “Market and Credit Risk Sensitive Instruments” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis.

Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of June 30, 2025, evaluations were performed under the supervision and with the participation of Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy (each individually a “Registrant” and collectively the “Registrants”) management, including their respective Principal Executive Officers (PEO) and Principal Financial Officers (PFO). The evaluations assessed the effectiveness of the Registrants’ disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluations, each PEO and PFO has concluded that, as to the Registrant or Registrants for which they serve as PEO or PFO, the Registrant’s or Registrants’ disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by each Registrant in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms; and that the Registrant’s or Registrants’ disclosure controls and procedures are also effective in reasonably assuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Registrant’s or Registrants’ management, including their respective PEOs and PFOs, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Under the supervision and with the participation of each Registrant’s management, including its respective PEO and PFO, each Registrant evaluated changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 and found no change that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

ENTERGY ARKANSAS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Results of Operations

Net Income

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Net income increased $3.8 million primarily due to higher volume/weather and higher retail electric price, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization expenses, higher other operation and maintenance expenses, and higher interest expense.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Net income increased $122.6 million primarily due to a $131.8 million ($99.1 million net-of-tax) charge to reflect the write-off of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024, higher volume/weather, and higher retail electric price, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization expenses and higher interest expense. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the opportunity sales proceeding.

Operating Revenues

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the second quarter 2025 to the second quarter 2024:

Entergy Arkansas’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in industrial usage and an increase in weather-adjusted residential usage, partially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the primary metals and technology industries, and an increase in demand from small industrial customers. The increase in weather-adjusted residential usage is primarily due to an increase in customers.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan rates effective January 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Arkansas for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s operating revenues.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Entergy Arkansas’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in industrial usage and the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the primary metals and technology industries, and an increase in demand from small industrial customers.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan rates effective January 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management's Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Arkansas for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to an increase of $7.1 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service, including the Walnut Bend Solar facility, which was placed in service in September 2024, and the West Memphis Solar facility and the Driver Solar facility, which were placed in service in December 2024.

Entergy Arkansas records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue.

Other income increased primarily due to changes in decommissioning trust fund activity.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Fuel, fuel-related expenses, and gas purchased for resale includes a credit of $9 million, recorded in first quarter 2024, for costs related to net metering. The costs were incurred in 2023 and included within Entergy Arkansas’s annual redetermination of its energy cost recovery rider filed in March 2024 due to a change in law in the state of Arkansas. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the March 2024 energy cost recovery rider filing.

Other operation and maintenance expenses decreased slightly primarily due to:

• contract costs of $5.8 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives;
• a decrease of $4.7 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024; and

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

• a decrease of $4.9 million in nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024.

The decrease was substantially offset by an increase of $12 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Asset write-offs includes a $131.8 million charge to reflect the write-off of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the opportunity sales proceeding.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service, including the Walnut Bend Solar facility, which was placed in service in September 2024, and the West Memphis Solar facility and the Driver Solar facility, which were placed in service in December 2024.

Entergy Arkansas records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue.

Other income decreased primarily due to changes in decommissioning trust fund activity, including portfolio rebalancing of decommissioning trust funds in 2024.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuances of $400 million of 5.75% Series mortgage bonds and $400 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds, each in May 2024. The increase was partially offset by the repayment of $375 million of 3.70% Series mortgage bonds in June 2024.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 20.6% for the second quarter 2025 and 20.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the amortization of excess accumulated deferred income taxes as a result of tax rate changes and certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items, partially offset by the accrual for state income taxes.

The effective income tax rate was 25.2% for the second quarter 2024. The difference in the effective income tax rate for the second quarter 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% was primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes and the amortization of accumulated deferred income taxes as a result of tax rate changes, partially offset by certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items and book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction.

The effective income tax rate was 25.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The difference in the effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% was primarily due to the amortization of accumulated deferred income taxes as a result of tax rate changes and the accrual for state income taxes, partially offset by certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items and book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation. See Note 10 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits recorded in second quarter 2025.

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management's Financial Discussion and Analysis

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased $86.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• the receipt of $92 million in settlement proceeds in May 2024 as a result of the System Energy settlement with the APSC. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the System Energy settlement agreement with the APSC;
• higher fuel and purchased power payments. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery; and
• the timing of payments to vendors.

The decrease was partially offset by higher collections from customers and a decrease of $14.6 million in spending on nuclear refueling outages in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities decreased $228.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• the initial payment of approximately $169.7 million in February 2024 for the purchase of the Walnut Bend Solar facility. See Note 14 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the Walnut Bend Solar facility purchase;
• money pool activity;
• a decrease of $27.7 million in information technology capital expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on technology upgrade projects in 2025; and
• a decrease of $26.9 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on various transmission projects in 2025.

The decrease was partially offset by an increase of $50.8 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on the Lake Catherine Unit 5 project and an increase of $36.3 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to higher capital expenditures for storm restoration in 2025.

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Increases in Entergy Arkansas’s receivable from the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Arkansas’s receivable from the money pool increased $49 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to increasing by $130.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities decreased $702 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• the issuances of $400 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds and $400 million of 5.75% Series mortgage bonds, each in May 2024;
• capital contributions of approximately $695 million received from Entergy Corporation in 2024 to partially finance the acquisitions of the Walnut Bend Solar facility, the West Memphis Solar facility, and the Driver Solar facility;
• the issuance of $70 million of 5.54% Series O notes by the Entergy Arkansas nuclear fuel company variable interest entity in March 2024; and
• a decrease of $32.5 million in advance payments from customers for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements.

The decrease was partially offset by:

• the repayment, at maturity, of $375 million of 3.70% Series mortgage bonds in June 2024;
• the issuance of $300 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds in May 2025;
• money pool activity; and
• net long-term borrowings of $10.7 million in 2025 compared to net repayments of $70.2 million in 2024 on the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity’s credit facility.

Decreases in Entergy Arkansas’s payable to the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Arkansas’s payable to the money pool decreased $15.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to decreasing by $145.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

See Note 4 to the financial statements herein and Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for more details on long-term debt.

Capital Structure

Entergy Arkansas’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings, finance lease obligations, and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. Entergy Arkansas uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Arkansas’s financial condition. The net debt to net capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure.

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management's Financial Discussion and Analysis

Entergy Arkansas also uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Arkansas’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy Arkansas’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Uses and Sources of Capital

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s uses and sources of capital. The following are updates to the information provided in the Form 10-K.

Following are the current annual amounts of Entergy Arkansas’s planned construction and other capital investments.

The updated capital plan for 2025-2027 reflects incremental capital investments for potential generation projects. In addition to routine capital spending to maintain operations, the capital plan includes investments in generation projects to modernize, decarbonize, expand, and diversify Entergy Arkansas’s portfolio, as well as to support customer growth, including Lake Catherine Unit 5 and Jefferson Power Station; investments in ANO 1 and 2; distribution and Utility support spending to improve reliability, resilience, and customer experience; transmission spending to improve reliability and resilience while also supporting renewables expansion; and other investments.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Arkansas’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Arkansas’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Arkansas’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Arkansas’s ability to access needed capital. The nature and extent of any such effects will depend on, among other things, the specifics of the changes that are ultimately implemented both domestically and internationally, the responses of vendors, suppliers, and other counterparties to those changes, indirect effects on the price and availability of non-tariffed goods, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Entergy Arkansas’s receivables from or (payables to) the money pool were as follows:

See Note 4 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of the money pool.

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Entergy Arkansas has a credit facility in the amount of $300 million scheduled to expire in June 2030. Entergy Arkansas also has a $25 million credit facility scheduled to expire in April 2026. The $300 million credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $5 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of June 30, 2025, there were no cash borrowings under either credit facility and no letters of credit outstanding under the $300 million credit facility. In addition, Entergy Arkansas is a party to two uncommitted letter of credit facilities as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO. As of June 30, 2025, $23.6 million in letters of credit were outstanding under one of Entergy Arkansas’s uncommitted letter of credit facilities. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

The Entergy Arkansas nuclear fuel company variable interest entity has a credit facility in the amount of $80 million scheduled to expire in June 2027. As of June 30, 2025, there were $33.2 million in loans outstanding under the credit facility for the Entergy Arkansas nuclear fuel company variable interest entity. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity credit facility.

Lake Catherine Unit 5

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in November 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of Lake Catherine Unit 5, a 446 MW hydrogen-capable simple-cycle natural gas combustion turbine facility to be located at the existing Lake Catherine facility site in Hot Spring County, Arkansas. In December 2024 other parties, including the APSC general staff, filed testimony opposing the resource, although the APSC general staff recognized the capacity need for the resource. Entergy Arkansas filed testimony in January 2025 further supporting its application, and in February 2025 the opposing parties filed responsive rebuttal testimony continuing to dispute the estimated costs and to dispute that Entergy Arkansas performed a market solicitation sufficient to demonstrate that this resource is the most reasonable option for customers. Also in February 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed surrebuttal testimony responding to the opposing parties’ testimony. A hearing was held in March 2025, and in April 2025 the APSC issued an order approving certification of the facility. The order also provided a presumption of prudence finding with respect to a benchmark project cost. In May 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a motion for clarification concerning the appropriate calculation of the benchmark. Entergy Arkansas will have the opportunity to later present all actual costs to the APSC for review and a prudence determination, including costs incremental to the benchmark. The facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028.

Jefferson Power Station

Entergy Arkansas expects to file an application with the APSC in third quarter 2025 seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of Jefferson Power Station, an approximately 754 MW natural gas-fired combined cycle combustion turbine facility. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2029.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of state and local rate regulation and fuel-cost recovery. The following are updates to that discussion.

Retail Rates

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In July 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC its 2025 formula rate plan filing to set its formula rate for the 2026 calendar year. The filing contained an evaluation of Entergy Arkansas’s earnings for the 2026

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management's Financial Discussion and Analysis

projected year and a netting adjustment for the 2024 historical year. The filing showed that Entergy Arkansas’s earned rate of return on common equity for the 2026 projected year was 8.45% resulting in a revenue deficiency of $68.9 million. The earned rate of return on common equity for the 2024 historical year was 7.71% resulting in a $48.8 million netting adjustment. The total proposed revenue change for the 2026 projected year and 2024 historical year netting adjustment is $117.7 million. By operation of the formula rate plan, Entergy Arkansas’s recovery of the revenue requirement is subject to a four percent annual revenue constraint. Because Entergy Arkansas’s revenue requirement in this filing exceeded the constraint, the resulting increase was limited to $92.3 million. Entergy Arkansas proposed a procedural schedule that includes a hearing in November 2025 and requests an APSC order in December 2025.

Grand Gulf Credit Rider

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in June 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC a tariff to provide retail customers a credit resulting from the terms of the settlement agreement between Entergy Arkansas, System Energy, additional named Entergy parties, and the APSC pertaining to System Energy’s billings for wholesale sales of energy and capacity from the Grand Gulf nuclear plant. See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the APSC” in Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the APSC. In July 2024 the APSC approved the tariff, under which Entergy Arkansas would refund to retail customers a total of $100.6 million. Entergy Arkansas refunded $92.3 million of the total through one-time bill credits under the Grand Gulf credit rider during the August 2024 billing cycle. In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas included the remaining balance as a credit to retail customers in its energy cost recovery rider rate redetermination filing. See further discussion within “Energy Cost Recovery Rider” below. In April 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s proposal to include the remaining balance in its energy cost recovery rider effective with the first billing cycle of April 2025 and the withdrawal of the Grand Gulf credit rider after all credits had been issued. Credits to retail customers were completed in second quarter 2025, and the Grand Gulf credit rider was subsequently withdrawn.

Energy Cost Recovery Rider

In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.00882 per kWh to $0.01333 per kWh. The annual redetermination included a credit related to the remaining balance due to retail customers from the System Energy settlement with the APSC, plus carrying charges and interest. See “Retail Rates - Grand Gulf Credit Rider” above for further discussion. The primary reason for the rate increase is an adjustment to account for projected increases in natural gas prices in 2025. This adjustment is expected to reduce the rate change that will be reflected in its 2026 energy cost rate redetermination. The redetermined rate of $0.01333 per kWh became effective with the first billing cycle in April 2025 through the normal operation of the tariff.

Opportunity Sales Proceeding

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in September 2020, Entergy Arkansas filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas challenging the APSC’s denial of recovery of $135 million of payments to other Utility operating companies in December 2018 relating to off-system sales of electricity from 2002-2009, as ordered by the FERC. The complaint also involved a challenge to the $13.7 million, plus interest, of related refunds ordered by the APSC and paid by Entergy Arkansas in August 2020. The trial was held in February 2023.

In March 2024 the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas issued a judgment in favor of the APSC and against Entergy Arkansas. In March 2024 Entergy Arkansas filed a notice of appeal and a motion to expedite oral arguments with the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and the court granted the motion to expedite. As a result of the adverse decision by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, Entergy Arkansas concluded that it could no longer support the recognition of its $131.8 million regulatory asset reflecting the previously-expected recovery of a portion of the costs at issue in the opportunity sales

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

proceeding and recorded a $131.8 million ($99.1 million net-of-tax) charge to earnings in first quarter 2024. In December 2024 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the decision of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, and Entergy Arkansas filed a petition for rehearing en banc. In January 2025 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied Entergy Arkansas’s petition. In April 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a petition for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court. In June 2025 the United States Supreme Court denied Entergy Arkansas’s petition for certiorari.

Generating Arkansas Jobs Act of 2025

In March 2025 the State of Arkansas passed the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act of 2025, now Act 373 (Act 373), that authorizes the recovery of financing costs during construction of generation and transmission investments through a rider separate from the formula rate plan. Act 373 also permits cost recovery of those investments when completed and in service, either through the next general rate case proceeding or under the formula rate plan. Act 373 streamlines and simplifies the regulatory approval process and provides increased timeliness and certainty of cost recovery.

In July 2025, Entergy Arkansas submitted a tariff filing with the APSC requesting approval of a strategic investment recovery rider, consistent with the provisions of Act 373. Entergy Arkansas requested the APSC issue an order approving the rider by October 2025. A procedural schedule has been established with a hearing in September 2025.

Federal Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Federal Regulation” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of federal regulation.

Nuclear Matters

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Nuclear Matters” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Environmental Risks

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Environmental Risks” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of environmental risks.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the estimates and judgments necessary in Entergy Arkansas’s accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs, utility regulatory accounting, taxation and uncertain tax positions, qualified pension and other postretirement benefits, and other contingencies.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis herein for updates to the discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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ENTERGY LOUISIANA, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Results of Operations

Net Income

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Net income increased $169.1 million primarily due to expenses of $151.5 million ($110.7 million net-of-tax), recorded in second quarter 2024, primarily consisting of regulatory charges to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. Also contributing to the increase was higher other income. The increase was partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization expenses and higher interest expense. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Net income increased $240.5 million primarily due to expenses of $151.5 million ($110.7 million net-of-tax), recorded in second quarter 2024, primarily consisting of regulatory charges to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. Also contributing to the increase were higher other income, higher volume/weather, and higher retail electric price. The increase was partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization expenses and higher interest expense. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement.

Operating Revenues

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the second quarter 2025 to the second quarter 2024:

Entergy Louisiana’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan revenues, including an increase in the distribution recovery mechanism, effective September 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2023 formula rate plan proceeding.

The volume/weather variance is insignificant and primarily due to an increase in weather-adjusted residential usage and an increase in commercial and industrial usage, substantially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales. The increase in weather-adjusted residential usage and the increase in commercial usage are primarily due to an increase in customers. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the chlor-alkali and industrial gases industries. The increased usage from these industrial customers has a relatively smaller effect on operating revenues because a larger portion of the revenues from these customers comes from fixed charges.

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Louisiana for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s operating revenues.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Entergy Louisiana’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in weather-adjusted residential usage, an increase in commercial and industrial usage, and the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales. The

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

increase in weather-adjusted residential usage and the increase in commercial usage are primarily due to an increase in customers. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the chlor-alkali, petroleum refining, and industrial gases industries.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan revenues, including an increase in the distribution recovery mechanism, effective September 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2023 formula rate plan proceeding.

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Louisiana for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased slightly primarily due to:

• an increase of $6.9 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024;
• an increase of $3.3 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs; and
• several individually insignificant items.

The increase was substantially offset by:

• a decrease of $10.1 million in nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024;
• contract costs of $4.4 million, in second quarter 2024, related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives; and
• a decrease of $4.4 million in energy efficiency expenses primarily due to the timing of recovery from customers, partially offset by higher energy efficiency costs.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service and an increase in nuclear depreciation rates effective September 2024 in accordance with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the global stipulated settlement agreement.

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes regulatory charges of $150.2 million, recorded in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement. In addition, Entergy Louisiana records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue.

Other income increased primarily due to:

• a $17.1 million true-up of Entergy Louisiana's MISO cost recovery mechanism over-recovery balance to the 2024 formula rate plan filing, which was filed with the LPSC in May 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing;
• an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the projects for new generation resources in north Louisiana;
• an increase of $6.9 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances for construction; and
• an increase of $5.4 million in interest earned on money pool investments.

The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $4.3 million in affiliated dividend income from affiliated preferred membership interests related to storm cost securitization.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $700 million of 5.15% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024, the issuance of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025, and carrying costs of $7.3 million in 2025 on customer advances for construction. The increase was partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Other operation and maintenance expenses decreased primarily due to:

• a decrease of $10.3 million in nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work performed, including during plant outages, in 2025 as compared to 2024;
• contract costs of $8.8 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives; and
• a decrease of $4.4 million in energy efficiency expenses primarily due to the timing of recovery from customers, partially offset by higher energy efficiency costs.

The decrease was partially offset by:

• an increase of $5.1 million in loss provisions;
• an increase of $4.5 million in non-nuclear power generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024;
• an increase of $4.3 million in transmission costs allocated by MISO. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the recovery of these costs; and
• several individually insignificant items.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service and an increase in nuclear depreciation rates effective September 2024 in accordance with the global stipulated settlement

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the global stipulated settlement agreement.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes regulatory charges of $150.2 million, recorded in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. In addition, Entergy Louisiana records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement.

Other income increased primarily due to:

• an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the projects for new generation resources in north Louisiana;
• a $17.1 million true-up of Entergy Louisiana's MISO cost recovery mechanism over-recovery balance to the 2024 formula rate plan filing, which was filed with the LPSC in May 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing;
• an increase of $14.2 million in interest earned on money pool investments; and
• an increase of $13.4 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances for construction.

The increase was offset by changes in decommissioning trust fund activity, including portfolio rebalancing of the River Bend decommissioning trust fund in 2024, and a decrease of $8.7 million in affiliated dividend income from affiliated preferred membership interests related to storm cost securitization.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $700 million of 5.15% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024, the issuance of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025, and carrying costs of $12.1 million in 2025 on customer advances for construction. The increase was partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 19.5% for the second quarter 2025 and 18.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the book and tax differences related to the non-taxable income distributions earned on preferred membership interests, book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction, and certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items, partially offset by the accrual for state income taxes.

The effective income tax rate was 13.7% for the second quarter 2024 and 16% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2024 and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the book and tax differences related to the non-taxable income distributions earned on preferred membership interests and certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items, partially offset by the accrual for state income taxes and the amortization of state accumulated deferred income taxes as a result of tax rate changes.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation. See Note 10 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits recorded in second quarter 2025.

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Sale of Natural Gas Distribution Business

See Note 13 to the financial statements herein and the “Held For Sale - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” section in Note 14 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K discussion of the sale of Entergy Louisiana’s gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $170.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the receipt of $204.7 million in advance payments related to customer agreements in 2025, which are recorded as current liabilities and included within changes in other working capital accounts, and higher collections from customers. The increase was partially offset by:

• higher fuel and purchased power payments and the timing of recovery of fuel and purchased power costs. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery;
• an increase of $45.4 million in interest paid; and
• an increase of $19 million in spending on nuclear refueling outages in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $828.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• an increase of $347.7 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on new generation resources in north Louisiana and the Sterlington solar project;
• an increase of $183.9 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to increased investment in the resilience of the distribution system;
• an increase of $135.7 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to higher capital expenditures as a result of increased development in Entergy Louisiana’s service area, higher spending on the Commodore transmission projects, and increased spending on various other transmission projects in 2025;

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

• an increase in cash used of $98.9 million as a result of fluctuations in nuclear fuel activity due to variations from year to year in the timing and pricing of fuel reload requirements, materials and services deliveries, and the timing of cash payments during the nuclear fuel cycle;
• an increase of $94.5 million in nuclear construction expenditures primarily due to increased spending on various nuclear projects in 2025; and
• money pool activity.

The increase was partially offset by the receipt of $33.5 million from the storm reserve escrow account in 2025 and a decrease of $22.8 million in information technology capital expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on technology upgrade projects in 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements herein for a discussion of the storm reserve funds.

Increases in Entergy Louisiana’s receivable from the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Louisiana’s receivable from the money pool increased $48.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to increasing by $31.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities increased $447.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• the issuance of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025;
• the repayment, prior to maturity, of $400 million of 5.40% Series mortgage bonds in April 2024;
• an increase of $357.3 million in net customer advances for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements;
• a decrease of $169.1 million in common equity distributions paid in 2025 in order to maintain Entergy Louisiana’s capital structure;
• money pool activity; and
• net long-term borrowings of $92.9 million in 2025 compared to net repayments of $27.1 million in 2024 on the nuclear fuel company variable interest entities’ credit facilities.

The increase was partially offset by:

• the issuances of $500 million of 5.35% Series mortgage bonds and $700 million of 5.70% Series mortgage bonds, each in March 2024;
• the repayment, prior to maturity, of $190 million of 3.78% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025; and
• the repayment, prior to maturity, of $110 million of 3.78% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025.

Decreases in Entergy Louisiana’s payable to the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Louisiana’s payable to the money pool decreased $156.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

See Note 4 to the financial statements herein and Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for more details on long-term debt.

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Capital Structure

Entergy Louisiana’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table. The increase in the debt to capital ratio for Entergy Louisiana is primarily due to the net issuance of long-term debt in 2025.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings, finance lease obligations, and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. Entergy Louisiana uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Louisiana’s financial condition. The net debt to net capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure. Entergy Louisiana also uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Louisiana’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy Louisiana’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Uses and Sources of Capital

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s uses and sources of capital. The following are updates to the information provided in the Form 10-K.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Louisiana’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Louisiana’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Louisiana’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Louisiana’s ability to access needed capital. The nature and extent of any such effects will depend on, among other things, the specifics of the changes that are ultimately implemented both domestically and internationally, the responses of vendors, suppliers, and other counterparties to those changes, indirect effects on the price and availability of non-tariffed goods, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Entergy Louisiana’s receivables from or (payables to) the money pool were as follows:

See Note 4 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of the money pool.

Entergy Louisiana has a credit facility in the amount of $400 million scheduled to expire in June 2030. The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $15 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of June 30, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and no letters of credit

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

outstanding under the credit facility. In addition, Entergy Louisiana is a party to two uncommitted letter of credit facilities as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO. As of June 30, 2025, $74.3 million in letters of credit were outstanding under one of Entergy Louisiana’s uncommitted letter of credit facilities. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

The Entergy Louisiana nuclear fuel company variable interest entities have two separate credit facilities, each in the amount of $105 million and scheduled to expire in June 2027. As of June 30, 2025, $69.5 million in loans were outstanding under the credit facility for the Entergy Louisiana River Bend nuclear fuel company variable interest entity and $61 million in loans were outstanding under the credit facility for the Entergy Louisiana Waterford nuclear fuel company variable interest entity. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity credit facilities.

2021 Solar Certification and the Geaux Green Option

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in November 2021, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking certification of and approval for the addition of four new solar photovoltaic resources with a combined nameplate capacity of 475 megawatts (the 2021 Solar Portfolio) and the implementation of a new green tariff, the Geaux Green Option (Rider GGO). The 2021 Solar Portfolio consists of four resources which include (i) the Vacherie Facility, a 150 megawatt resource in St. James Parish; (ii) the Sunlight Road Facility, a 50 megawatt resource in Washington Parish; (iii) the St. Jacques Facility, a 150 megawatt resource in St. James Parish; and (iv) the Elizabeth Facility, a 125 megawatt resource in Allen Parish. The St. Jacques Facility would be acquired through a build-own-transfer agreement; the remaining resources involve power purchase agreements. The Sunlight Road Facility and the Elizabeth Facility each achieved commercial operation in 2024, and the Vacherie Facility and the St. Jacques Facility originally had estimated in service dates in 2025.

In August 2022 the parties reached a settlement certifying the 2021 Solar Portfolio and approving implementation of Rider GGO. In September 2022 the LPSC approved the settlement. Following the LPSC approval, the St. James Parish council issued a moratorium on new land use permits for solar facilities until the later of March 2023 or the completion of an environmental and economic impact study. In November 2023, St. James Parish lifted the moratorium and adopted an ordinance modifying the parish’s land use plan to establish solar as an approved land use and defining corresponding solar regulations. In March 2024 the project developer submitted a solar energy facility farm permit application to the St. James Parish planning commission to request approval for the Vacherie and St. Jacques Facilities. In June 2024 the St. James Parish council denied the application and following this denial, the project developer and one of the project’s ground lessors filed separate lawsuits seeking to overturn the council’s decision. The council’s decision was subsequently affirmed by the Louisiana 23rd Judicial District Court. Entergy Louisiana is no longer pursuing the addition of resources through an acquisition of the St. Jacques Facility or through a power purchase agreement with the Vacherie Facility.

Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in October 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking approval of a variety of generation and transmission resources proposed in connection with establishing service to a new data center to be developed by a subsidiary of Meta Platforms, Inc. in north Louisiana, for which an electric service agreement has been executed. The filing requests LPSC certification of three new combined cycle combustion turbine generation resources totaling 2,262 MW, each of which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage, a new 500 kV transmission line, and 500 kV substation upgrades. The application also requests approval to implement a corporate sustainability rider applicable to the new customer. The corporate sustainability rider contemplates the new customer contributing to the costs of the future addition of 1,500 MW of new solar and energy storage resources, agreements involving carbon capture and storage at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Lake Charles Power Station, and potential future wind and nuclear resources. Entergy Louisiana anticipates funding the incremental cost to serve the customer through direct financial contributions from the customer and the revenues it expects to earn under the electric service agreement. The electric service agreement also contains provisions for

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

termination payments that will help ensure that there is no harm to Entergy Louisiana and its customers in the event of early termination. A directive was issued at the LPSC’s November 2024 meeting for the matter to be decided by October 2025. In February 2025 intervenors filed a motion asking the LPSC to deny Entergy Louisiana’s requested exemption from the LPSC’s order addressing competitive solicitation procedures and further asking the LPSC to dismiss the application. The ALJ issued an order denying the motion to dismiss the application and deferring the LPSC’s consideration of the motion regarding the competitive solicitation procedures until the hearing. In March 2025 the same intervenors filed a motion requesting the LPSC to require the customer and its parent company to be joined as parties to the proceeding or dismiss the application. In April 2025 the ALJ issued an order denying the March 2025 motion, and the moving parties filed a motion asking the LPSC to review and reverse the ALJ’s decision.

In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed supplemental testimony with the LPSC stating that the third combined cycle combustion turbine resource presented in the October 2024 application would be sited at Entergy Louisiana’s Waterford site in Killona, Louisiana, alongside existing Entergy Louisiana generation resources. The testimony also notes that Entergy Louisiana is negotiating with the customer in response to the customer’s request to increase the load associated with its project in north Louisiana. The testimony indicates further that the additional load can be served without additional generation capacity beyond what was presented in the October 2024 application, but that additional transmission facilities, which will be funded directly by the customer, are needed to serve this additional load.

In April 2025 and May 2025 the LPSC staff and certain intervenors each filed their direct testimony and cross-answering testimony, respectively. The LPSC staff’s testimony discussed the significant projected benefits associated with the data center project; however, both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also identified purported risks associated with constructing the requested resources based on the terms and conditions under which the customer would be taking service. Both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also recommended that the LPSC impose certain conditions on its approval which, if adopted, would support approval of Entergy Louisiana’s application. The LPSC staff’s recommendations included a condition that would require, under specified circumstances, certain sharing of net revenues from service to the project with Entergy Louisiana’s other customers. The LPSC staff also recommended that the LPSC deny approval of the corporate sustainability rider terms providing for the customer to supply funding toward the cost of installing carbon capture and storage infrastructure at Entergy Louisiana’s Lake Charles Power Station. The Louisiana Energy Users Group and other intervenors recommended that the LPSC require various changes to the terms of the electric service agreement with the customer that would shift additional risk and cost to the customer rather than Entergy Louisiana’s broader customer base. Certain intervenors also challenged approval on the basis that Entergy Louisiana did not conduct a request for proposals to procure the proposed generation resources to serve the customer’s project; these intervenors also advocated that Entergy Louisiana be required to procure more renewable generation and evaluate transmission alternatives rather than proceeding with development of all of the proposed new generation resources. In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed its rebuttal testimony responding to the direct and cross-answering testimony of the LPSC staff and intervenors. The rebuttal testimony expressed support for or no opposition to the LPSC’s adoption of certain of the proposed recommendations and identified why other proposed recommendations should not be adopted. In addition, the rebuttal testimony stated that the negotiations related to the increase in the load amount for the customer’s project had concluded and that a rider to the electric service agreement reflecting this increase had been executed. In advance of the July 2025 hearing, Entergy Louisiana reached a settlement agreement with the LPSC staff and three separate intervenors. The hearing concluded and the matter is currently under consideration by the ALJ.

Transmission Projects

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in March 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking an exemption determination, or alternatively, a certificate of public convenience and necessity, for a transmission project that includes a new 500 kV/230 kV Commodore substation and an approximately 60-mile 230 kV line connecting the new Commodore substation to the Waterford substation. In February 2025, Entergy

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Louisiana and the LPSC staff jointly filed, for consideration by the LPSC, an uncontested stipulated settlement agreement resolving all issues in the proceeding. The LPSC approved the uncontested stipulated settlement agreement in March 2025 and thereby granted certification of the project.

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in December 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking a certificate of public convenience and necessity for a 500 kV transmission project that includes the construction of a new 84-mile Commodore to Churchill 500 kV transmission line, the expansion of the Waterford 500 kV substation, the construction of a new Churchill 500 kV substation and improvements to the Churchill 230 kV substation, and the conversion of the existing 230 kV Waterford to Churchill transmission line to 500 kV, forming a 500 kV loop into the Downstream of Gypsy load pocket. In April 2025 the LPSC staff and the Louisiana Energy Users Group, an intervenor, filed direct testimony. The LPSC staff’s testimony recommends LPSC approval of the project. The Louisiana Energy Users Group’s testimony opines that Entergy Louisiana has shown that there is a need for additional transmission investment in the West Bank area of Amite South but recommends that the LPSC withhold approval pending further analysis, including analysis of potential lower cost alternatives to the proposed project, and also pending Entergy Louisiana demonstrating that it has contributions in aid of construction or minimum bill revenues from the customers whose block load additions would be enabled by the proposed transmission project in amounts sufficient to substantially, if not fully, cover the revenue requirement of the proposed project. In June 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed rebuttal testimony. The hearing is set for August 2025, and an LPSC decision is expected in fourth quarter 2025.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel Cost Recovery” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of state and local rate regulation and fuel-cost recovery. The following are updates to that discussion.

Retail Rates

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in August 2024, pursuant to the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC also in August 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2023 calendar year operations. Consistent with the global stipulated settlement agreement, the filing reflected a 9.7% allowed return on common equity with a bandwidth of 40 basis points above and below the midpoint. For the 2023 test year, however, the bandwidth provisions of the formula rate plan were temporarily suspended and, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana implemented the September 2024 formula rate plan rate adjustments effective with the first billing cycle of September 2024. In January 2025, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC filed a joint report indicating that no disputed issues remained in the proceeding and requesting that the LPSC issue an order accepting Entergy Louisiana’s evaluation report and, ultimately, resolving this matter. In March 2025 the LPSC issued an order accepting the evaluation report.

In December 2024, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana filed an interim rate adjustment for the 2023 test year reflecting the return of $25.1 million of refunds from the System Energy settlement with the LPSC to customers from January through August 2025. In February 2025, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana filed a second interim rate adjustment for the 2023 test year reflecting the divestiture of Entergy Louisiana’s share of Grand Gulf capacity and energy, which was effective as of January 1, 2025. The second interim rate adjustment also reflected a revenue increase of $17.8 million for the recovery of Hurricane Francine costs as approved by the LPSC (on an interim basis). The second interim rate adjustment was implemented with the first billing cycle of March 2025. See further discussion of the Hurricane Francine proceeding in Note 2 to the financial statements herein. See Note 8 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s divestiture from the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2024 calendar year operations. Consistent with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024, the filing reflected a 9.7% allowed return on common equity with a bandwidth of 40 basis points above and below the midpoint. For the test year 2024, however, any earnings above the allowed return on common equity are to be returned to customers through a credit, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement. The 2024 test year evaluation produced an earned return on common equity of 9.98%, which is within the approved formula rate plan bandwidth, but above the allowed return on common equity, resulting in a customer credit of $31.9 million to be returned to customers during September and October 2025.

Other changes in formula rate plan revenue are driven by higher nuclear depreciation rates, additions to transmission and distribution plant in service reflected through the transmission recovery mechanism and distribution recovery mechanism, and the expiration of customer credits related to the LPSC’s order, offset by increased customer credits resulting from an increase in net MISO revenues reflected through the MISO cost recovery mechanism and the reduction in the Louisiana corporate income tax rate effective January 1, 2025, reflected through the tax adjustment mechanism, as discussed below. Excluding the customer credit for earnings above the authorized return on common equity discussed above, the net result of these changes on an annualized basis is a $2 million increase in formula rate plan revenue.

As noted above, the 2024 evaluation report included the effects of the change in Louisiana state tax law that reduced the corporate income tax rate to a flat 5.5% (from the then-current highest marginal rate of 7.5%) effective January 1, 2025. As such, the 2024 evaluation report reflected the calculation of current and deferred income tax expenses as well as the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes based on the income tax laws currently in effect. The 2024 evaluation report proposes that the rate effects associated with the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes, including the collection of any net accumulated deferred income tax deficiency and any related effects on rate base, should be reflected in the tax adjustment mechanism consistent with the treatment of similar Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and prior state tax change-related impacts. The effects of the change in tax law on Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return on rate base are also reflected in the 2024 evaluation report consistent with the treatment cited above, including a credit in the extraordinary cost change mechanism for the prospective change in Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return and a credit within the tax adjustment mechanism for over-collection of income tax expense through August 2025.

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in January 2023 the LPSC staff provided notice of an audit of Entergy Louisiana’s purchased gas adjustment clause filings. The audit includes a review of the reasonableness of charges flowed through Entergy Louisiana’s purchased gas adjustment clause for the period from 2021 through 2022. In April 2025 the LPSC staff issued its audit report (for Entergy Louisiana’s gas operations), which included several prospective recommendations but no financial disallowances. The LPSC accepted the report in June 2025.

COVID-19 Orders

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in April 2020 the LPSC issued an order authorizing utilities to record as a regulatory asset expenses incurred from the suspension of disconnections and collection of late fees imposed by LPSC orders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2023, Entergy Louisiana filed an application proposing to utilize approximately $1.6 billion in certain low interest debt to generate earnings to apply toward the reduction of the COVID-19 regulatory asset, as well as to conduct additional outside right-of-way vegetation management activities and fund the minor storm reserve account. In that filing, Entergy Louisiana proposed to delay repayment of certain shorter-term first mortgage bonds that were issued to finance storm restoration costs until the costs could be securitized, and to invest the funds that otherwise would be used to repay those bonds in the

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

money pool to take advantage of the spread between prevailing interest rates on investments in the money pool and the interest rates on the bonds. The LPSC approved Entergy Louisiana’s requested relief in June 2023. In November 2024, Entergy Louisiana submitted a filing to the LPSC requesting that the LPSC review Entergy Louisiana’s computation of the COVID-19 regulatory asset as well as Entergy Louisiana’s proposal to offset the regulatory asset against the net interest earned on the short-term debt funds, resulting in no increased costs to customers. At the time of the filing, Entergy Louisiana had a regulatory asset of $47.8 million for costs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2025, Entergy Louisiana had a regulatory liability of $48.9 million for the deferred earnings related to the approximately $1.6 billion in low interest debt, which had been fully repaid by August 2024. In granting Entergy Louisiana’s requested relief in June 2023, the LPSC ordered that any amount of earnings exceeding the amount of the COVID-19 regulatory asset be transferred to Entergy Louisiana’s storm reserve escrow account. In May 2025 the LPSC staff filed direct testimony finding that Entergy Louisiana had complied with the relevant orders and recommending approval of the requested treatment. In June 2025, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff filed a joint motion requesting a hearing for the admission of an uncontested stipulated settlement agreement in the matter. A settlement hearing took place in July 2025 and Entergy Louisiana expects the settlement to be considered at an upcoming meeting of the LPSC. The settlement terms provide for LPSC approval of Entergy Louisiana’s calculation of the COVID-19 regulatory assets and Entergy Louisiana’s proposal to offset the regulatory asset as described above and as proposed in Entergy Louisiana’s November 2024 filing.

Storm Cost Recovery

In March 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application asking that the LPSC issue an order establishing a presumption, in future proceedings involving Entergy Louisiana’s petition for a financing order allowing securitization of storm costs, that the LPSC will enter a decision on the request for a financing order within 120 days from the date of the filing of the petition, while preserving the LPSC’s jurisdiction to complete its full prudence review. The filing was rejected on procedural grounds. In June 2025 the LPSC approved a directive providing, among other things, that any utility seeking securitization for storm costs this year must file a proposed financing order with its application and that the LPSC staff must use best efforts to deliver the financing order to the LPSC for consideration at the next available Business and Executive meeting after the application is filed.

Industrial and Commercial Customers

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Industrial and Commercial Customers” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of industrial and commercial customers.

Federal Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Federal Regulation” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of federal regulation.

Nuclear Matters

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Nuclear Matters” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of nuclear matters. The following is an update to that discussion.

NRC Reactor Oversight Process

The NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process is a program to collect information about plant performance, assess the information for its safety significance, and provide for appropriate licensee and NRC response. The NRC evaluates plant performance by analyzing two distinct inputs: inspection findings resulting from the NRC’s inspection program and performance indicators reported by the licensee. The evaluations result in the placement of each plant in one of the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process Action Matrix columns: “licensee response column,” or

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Column 1, “regulatory response column,” or Column 2, “degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 3, “multiple/repetitive degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 4, and “unacceptable performance,” or Column 5. Plants in Column 1 are subject to normal NRC inspection activities. Plants in Column 2, Column 3, or Column 4 are subject to progressively increasing levels of inspection by the NRC with, in general, progressively increasing levels of associated costs. Continued plant operation is not permitted for plants in Column 5. River Bend is currently in Column 1, and Waterford 3 is currently in Column 2.

In June 2025 the NRC placed Waterford 3 in Column 2, effective second quarter 2025, based on the failure to properly develop and implement adequate maintenance instructions for the fuel linkage connection to the mechanical governor for an emergency diesel generator. Waterford 3 will remain in Column 2 until a supplemental inspection is satisfactorily completed.

Environmental Risks

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Environmental Risks” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of environmental risks.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the estimates and judgments necessary in Entergy Louisiana’s accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs, utility regulatory accounting, taxation and uncertain tax positions, qualified pension and other postretirement benefits, and other contingencies.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis herein for updates to the discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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ENTERGY MISSISSIPPI, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Results of Operations

Net Income

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Net income increased $4.7 million primarily due to higher retail electric price and higher other income, partially offset by higher other operation and maintenance expenses and higher interest expense.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Net income increased $24.1 million primarily due to higher retail electric price, higher other income, and higher volume/weather. The increase was partially offset by higher other operation and maintenance expenses, a regulatory charge, recorded in the first quarter 2025, to reflect an adjustment to the grid modernization over/under recovery deferral balance, and higher interest expense.

Operating Revenues

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the second quarter 2025 to the second quarter 2024:

Entergy Mississippi’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan rates effective July 2024 and an increase in the interim facilities rate adjustment revenues effective January 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing, and see Note 2 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the interim facilities rate adjustment.

The volume/weather variance for second quarter 2025 as compared to second quarter 2024 is insignificant.

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Mississippi for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Mississippi’s operating revenues.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Entergy Mississippi’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to increases in formula rate plan rates effective April 2024 and July 2024 and an increase in the interim facilities rate adjustment revenues effective January 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing, and see Note 2 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the interim facilities rate adjustment.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in industrial usage and the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the technology and primary metals industries, and an increase in demand from small industrial customers.

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Mississippi for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Mississippi’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to an increase of $8.2 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs and an increase of $5.7 million in storm damage provisions. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the storm damage mitigation and restoration rider.

Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to increases in ad valorem taxes resulting from higher assessments.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes regulatory credits of $7.3 million, recorded in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of the joint stipulation reached in the 2024 formula rate plan filing proceeding. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Other income increased primarily due to an increase of $4.4 million in interest earned on money pool investments and an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction in progress in 2025.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to an increase of $11.7 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs and an increase of $9.8 million in storm damage provisions. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the storm damage mitigation and restoration rider.

Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to increases in ad valorem taxes resulting from higher assessments.

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Other regulatory charges (credits) – net includes:

• a regulatory charge of $21 million, recorded in first quarter 2025, to reflect an adjustment to the grid modernization over/under recovery deferral balance; and
• regulatory credits of $7.3 million, recorded in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of the joint stipulation reached in the 2024 formula rate plan filing proceeding. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Other income increased primarily due to an increase of $7.6 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances for construction, an increase of $6.3 million in interest earned on money pool investments, and an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction in progress in 2025.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025, the issuance of $300 million of 5.85% Series mortgage bonds in May 2024, and carrying costs of $9 million in 2025 on customer advances for construction.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 23.7% for the second quarter 2025 and 23.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, partially offset by certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items.

The effective income tax rates were 24.1% for the second quarter 2024 and 23.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2024 and the six months ended June 30, 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, partially offset by certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $101.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the receipt of $108.4 million in advance payments related to customer agreements in 2025, which are recorded as current liabilities and included within changes in other working capital accounts, and higher collections from customers, including $25 million of deferred revenue in 2025. The increase was partially offset by the timing of payments to vendors and higher fuel and purchased power payments. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $477.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• an increase of $394.8 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on the Delta Blues Advanced Power Station project, the Penton Solar project, the Delta Solar project, and other non-nuclear generation projects;
• money pool activity; and
• an increase of $29.1 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to increased investment in the resilience of the distribution system.

The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $21.2 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on various transmission projects in 2025 and a decrease of $16.3 million in information technology capital expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on technology upgrade projects in 2025.

Increases in Entergy Mississippi’s receivable from the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Mississippi’s receivable from the money pool increased $93.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities increased $624.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• the issuance of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025;
• an increase of $110.1 million in net customer advances for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements;
• the repayment, prior to maturity, of $100 million of 3.75% Series mortgage bonds in June 2024;
• a capital contribution of $62.5 million received from Entergy Corporation in February 2025 in order to maintain Entergy Mississippi’s capital structure;
• money pool activity; and
• $22.3 million in common equity distributions paid in 2024 in order to maintain Entergy Mississippi’s capital structure.

The increase was partially offset by the issuance of $300 million of 5.85% Series mortgage bonds in May 2024.

Decreases in Entergy Mississippi’s payable to the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Mississippi’s payable to the money pool decreased by $33.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

See Note 4 to the financial statements herein and Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for more details on long-term debt.

Capital Structure

Entergy Mississippi’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table. The increase in the debt to capital ratio for Entergy Mississippi is primarily due to net issuance of long-term debt in 2025.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings, finance lease obligations, and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. Entergy Mississippi uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Mississippi’s financial condition. The net debt to net capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure. Entergy Mississippi uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Mississippi’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy Mississippi’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Uses and Sources of Capital

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of Entergy Mississippi’s uses and sources of capital. The following are updates to the information provided in the Form 10-K.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Mississippi’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Mississippi’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Mississippi’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Mississippi’s ability to access needed capital. The nature and extent of any such effects will depend on, among other things, the specifics of the changes that are ultimately implemented both domestically and internationally, the responses of vendors, suppliers, and other counterparties to those changes, indirect effects on the price and availability of non-tariffed goods, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Entergy Mississippi’s receivables from or (payables to) the money pool were as follows:

See Note 4 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of the money pool.

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Entergy Mississippi has a credit facility in the amount of $300 million scheduled to expire in June 2030. The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $5 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of June 30, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and no letters of credit outstanding under the credit facility. In addition, Entergy Mississippi is a party to two uncommitted letter of credit facilities as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO and for other purposes. As of June 30, 2025, $46.0 million in MISO letters of credit and $1.3 million in non-MISO letters of credit were outstanding under one of Entergy Mississippi’s uncommitted letter of credit facilities. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

New Advanced Power Station

Entergy Mississippi plans to construct, own, and operate a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility to be located in the City of Ridgeland, Madison County, Mississippi. The facility will be powered primarily by natural gas, and it will also be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality. The project is expected to cost in excess of $1 billion. The facility is expected to be in service in 2029.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of state and local rate regulation and fuel-cost recovery. The following are updates to that discussion.

Retail Rates

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi submitted its formula rate plan 2025 test year filing and 2024 look-back filing showing Entergy Mississippi’s earned return on rate base for the historical 2024 calendar year to be within the formula rate plan bandwidth and projected earned return for the 2025 calendar year also to be within the formula rate plan bandwidth. The 2025 test year filing showed an earned return on rate base of 7.64% and reflected no change in formula rate plan revenues. The 2024 look-back filing compared actual 2024 results to the approved benchmark return on rate base and reflected no change in formula rate plan revenues, although Entergy Mississippi proposed to adjust interim rates by $135 thousand to reflect two outside-the-bandwidth changes: (1) the completion of Entergy Mississippi’s return to customers of credits under its restructuring credit rider; and (2) a true-up of demand side management costs.

In June 2025, Entergy Mississippi and the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff entered into a joint stipulation that confirmed the 2025 test year filing, with the exception of immaterial adjustments to certain operation and maintenance expenses. The formula rate plan reflected an earned return on rate base of 7.68% for calendar year 2025, resulting in no change in formula rate plan revenues for 2025. Pursuant to the stipulation, Entergy Mississippi’s 2024 look-back filing reflected an earned return on rate base of 7.55%, which also resulted in no change in formula rate plan revenues for 2024. In addition, the stipulation included the recovery of the two outside-the-bandwidth changes discussed above as well as the ratemaking treatment of customer contributions (deferred revenue and prepaid contributions in aid of construction). In June 2025 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation with rates effective in July 2025.

Interim Facilities Rate Adjustments

In May 2024, Entergy Mississippi received approval from the MPSC for formula rate plan revisions that were necessary for Entergy Mississippi to comply with state legislation passed in January 2024. The legislation allows Entergy Mississippi to make interim rate adjustments to recover the non-fuel related annual ownership cost of certain facilities that directly or indirectly provide service to customers who own certain data processing center

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

projects as specified in the legislation. Entergy Mississippi filed the first of its annual interim facilities rate adjustment reports in May 2024 to recover approximately $8.7 million of these costs over a six-month period with rates effective beginning in July 2024. Entergy Mississippi filed its second interim facilities rate adjustment report in November 2024 to recover approximately $46.7 million of these costs over a 12-month period with rates effective beginning in January 2025. In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi filed a true-up interim facilities rate adjustment report to the initial annual interim facilities rate adjustment report filed in May 2024, reflecting the recovery of an additional approximately $1.0 million of costs over a 12-month period with rates effective with the first billing cycle of April 2025.

Federal Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Federal Regulation” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of federal regulation.

Nuclear Matters

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Nuclear Matters” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Environmental Risks

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Environmental Risks” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of environmental risks.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the estimates and judgments necessary in Entergy Mississippi’s accounting for utility regulatory accounting, taxation and uncertain tax positions, qualified pension and other postretirement benefits, and other contingencies.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis herein for updates to the discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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ENTERGY NEW ORLEANS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Results of Operations

Net Income

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Net income decreased $3.1 million primarily due to higher other operation and maintenance expenses and higher interest expense.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Entergy New Orleans had net income of $30.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a net loss of $27.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to a $78.5 million ($57.4 million net-of-tax) regulatory charge, recorded in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. Also contributing to the net income variance were higher volume/weather, higher retail electric price, and lower other operation and maintenance expenses, partially offset by higher interest expense and higher depreciation and amortization expenses. See Note 3 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the April 2024 settlement in principle and discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

Operating Revenues

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the second quarter 2025 to the second quarter 2024:

Entergy New Orleans’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan rates effective September 2024 in accordance with the terms of the 2024 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the formula rate plan filing.

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to a decrease in industrial usage and the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales, partially offset by an increase in weather-adjusted residential usage. The decrease in industrial usage is primarily due to a decrease in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the industrial gases industry.

Total electric energy sales for Entergy New Orleans for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy New Orleans’s operating revenues.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Entergy New Orleans’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan rates effective September 2024 in accordance with the terms of the 2024 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the formula rate plan filing.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales, partially offset by a decrease in commercial and industrial usage. The decrease in industrial usage is primarily due to a decrease in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the industrial gases industry, and a decrease in demand from small industrial customers.

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Entergy New Orleans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy New Orleans’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to an increase of $1.0 million in loss provisions and an increase of $1.0 million in energy efficiency expenses primarily due to higher energy efficiency costs. The increase was partially offset by contract costs of $0.8 million, in second quarter 2024, related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service.

Other income (deductions) decreased primarily due to the deferral of certain other postretirement benefit expense credits, effective September 2024, in accordance with the terms of the 2024 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing and Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the other postretirement benefits accounting treatment.

Interest expense increased primarily due to an increase of $3.3 million in carrying costs on regulatory liability balances.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Other operation and maintenance expenses decreased primarily due to $1.8 million in costs recognized in 2024 related to credits provided to customers as part of the rate mitigation plan approved in the settlement of the 2023 formula rate plan filing and contract costs of $1.7 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives. The decrease was partially offset by an increase of $1.8 million in energy efficiency expenses primarily due to higher energy efficiency costs, partially offset by the timing of recovery from customers. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the formula rate plan filing.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service.

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes a regulatory charge of $78.5 million, recorded in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. See Note 3 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the April 2024 settlement in principle and discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

Other income (deductions) decreased primarily due to the deferral of certain other postretirement benefit expense credits, effective September 2024, in accordance with the terms of the 2024 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing and Note 11 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the other postretirement benefits accounting treatment.

Interest expense increased primarily due to an increase of $6.6 million in carrying costs on regulatory liability balances.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 24.1% for the second quarter 2025 and 23.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, partially offset by certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items.

The effective income tax rates were 26.2% for the second quarter 2024 and 29.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2024 and the six months ended June 30, 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation.

Sale of Natural Gas Distribution Business

See Note 13 to the financial statements herein and the “Held For Sale - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” section in Note 14 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased $21.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the timing of payments to vendors and higher fuel and purchased power payments in 2025 as compared to 2024. The decrease was partially offset by higher collections from customers. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase of $17.9 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024, partially offset by the receipt of $10.3 million from the storm reserve escrow account in 2025. See “Uses and Sources of Capital - Hurricane Francine” below for discussion of the Hurricane Francine proceeding.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities decreased $13.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the issuances of $65 million of 6.41% Series mortgage bonds, $50 million of 6.54% Series mortgage bonds, and $35 million of 6.25% Series mortgage bonds, each in May 2024, and the repayment, at maturity, of $78 million of 3.00% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025. The decrease was partially offset by the repayment, at maturity, of an $85 million unsecured term loan in June 2024, proceeds received in March 2025 from an $80 million unsecured term loan (subsequently repaid in July 2025), and money pool activity.

Increases in Entergy New Orleans’s payable to the money pool are a source of cash flow, and Entergy New Orleans’s payable to the money pool increased $20.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to decreasing by $21.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

See Note 4 to the financial statements herein and Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for more details on long-term debt.

Capital Structure

Entergy New Orleans’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings, finance lease obligations, long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion, and the long-term payable due to an associated company. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. Entergy New Orleans uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy New Orleans’s financial condition. The net debt to net capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure. Entergy New Orleans also uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy New Orleans’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy New Orleans’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Uses and Sources of Capital

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of Entergy New Orleans’s uses and sources of capital. The following are updates to the information provided in the Form 10-K.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy New Orleans’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy New Orleans’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy New Orleans’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy New Orleans’s ability to access needed capital. The nature and extent of any such effects will depend on, among other things, the specifics of the changes that are ultimately implemented both domestically and internationally, the responses of vendors, suppliers, and other counterparties to those changes, indirect effects on the price and availability of non-tariffed goods, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Entergy New Orleans’s receivables from or (payables to) the money pool were as follows:

See Note 4 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of the money pool.

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Entergy New Orleans has a credit facility in the amount of $25 million scheduled to expire in June 2027. The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $10 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of June 30, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and no letters of credit outstanding under the credit facility. In addition, Entergy New Orleans is a party to an uncommitted letter of credit facility as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO. As of June 30, 2025, a $0.5 million letter of credit was outstanding under Entergy New Orleans’s uncommitted letter of credit facility. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

Hurricane Francine

In September 2024, Hurricane Francine caused damage to the areas served by Entergy New Orleans. The storm resulted in widespread power outages, primarily due to damage to distribution infrastructure as a result of strong winds and heavy rain, and the loss of sales during the power outages. In December 2024, in accordance with the terms of its storm recovery reserve escrow agreement, Entergy New Orleans transmitted to the City Council a notice of intent to withdraw up to $20 million in estimated storm costs resulting from Hurricane Francine from its storm recovery reserve escrow account, subject to the City Council’s certification of those costs. In January 2025, the City Council authorized the withdrawal, and in February 2025, Entergy New Orleans withdrew $10.3 million from its storm recovery reserve escrow account.

State and Local Rate Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – State and Local Rate Regulation” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of state and local rate regulation. The following is an update to that discussion.

Retail Rates

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In April 2025, Entergy New Orleans submitted to the City Council its formula rate plan 2024 test year filing. The 2024 evaluation report produced an electric earned return on equity of 10.98% compared to the authorized return on equity of 9.35%. Without adjustments, this would result in a decrease in electric rates of $13.8 million. The decrease in electric rates is driven by the realignment of regulatory liabilities into the formula from a separate rate mechanism, partially offset by the cost of known and measurable electric capital additions. The filing also commences the previously authorized recovery of certain regulatory costs and requests a revenue-neutral recovery to offset a proposed reduction in bill payment late fees. Taking into account these proposed adjustments, the filing presents a decrease in authorized electric revenues of $8.6 million. The City Council’s advisors issued their report in July 2025 seeking a reduction in Entergy New Orleans’s requested electric formula rate plan revenues of approximately $7.2 million due to certain proposed cost realignments and disallowances, of which $4.1 million is associated with Entergy New Orleans’s proposed implementation, on a revenue neutral basis, of a proposed reduction in customer late fees. The City Council’s advisors also proposed rate mitigation in the amount of $4.4 million through offsets to the formula rate plan funded by certain regulatory liabilities. The City Council’s advisors’ report began a 35-day period to resolve any disputes among the parties regarding the formula rate plan. For any disputed rate adjustments, the City Council would set a procedural schedule to resolve. Resulting rates will be effective with the first billing cycle of September 2025 pursuant to the formula rate plan tariff.

Federal Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Federal Regulation” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of federal regulation.

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Nuclear Matters

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Nuclear Matters” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Environmental Risks

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Environmental Risks” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of environmental risks.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the estimates and judgments necessary in Entergy New Orleans’s accounting for utility regulatory accounting, taxation and uncertain tax positions, qualified pension and other postretirement benefits, and other contingencies.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis herein for updates to the discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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ENTERGY TEXAS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Results of Operations

Net Income

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Net income decreased $8.7 million primarily due to higher purchased power costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, partially offset by higher retail electric price and higher other income.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Net income increased $21.4 million primarily due to higher retail electric price, higher volume/weather, and higher other income, partially offset by higher purchased power costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, higher taxes other than income taxes, and higher interest expense.

Operating Revenues

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the second quarter 2025 to the second quarter 2024:

Entergy Texas’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to the implementation of the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective with the first billing cycle in October 2024 and an increase in the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective in late December 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the distribution cost recovery factor rider filings.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in industrial and commercial usage. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the primary metals, wood products, petroleum refining, and transportation industries, and an increase in demand from small industrial customers, partially offset by a decrease in demand from co-generation customers. The increase in commercial usage is primarily due to an increase in customers.

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Texas for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Texas’s operating revenues.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Entergy Texas’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to the implementation of the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective with the first billing cycle in October 2024 and an increase in the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective in late December 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the distribution cost recovery factor rider filings.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales, an increase in weather-adjusted residential usage, and an increase in commercial and industrial usage. The increase in weather-adjusted residential usage and the increase in commercial usage are primarily due to an increase in customers. The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the wood products, petrochemicals, petroleum refining, and transportation industries, and an increase in demand from co-generation customers.

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Texas for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 12 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of Entergy Texas’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Purchased power includes an increase in second quarter 2025 of $20 million in costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, including the effect of a significant increase in MISO’s seasonal auction clearing price, due to the implementation of a reliability-based demand curve, for capacity transactions during the summer months. Although Entergy Texas does not have the ability to recover its MISO capacity costs incurred to date beyond the level included in base rates, in June 2025, Texas legislation established a capacity cost recovery rider mechanism that would allow for the recovery of costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction outside of base rates, through a rider that is updated annually. Entergy Texas plans to file for such a rider to recover future capacity procurement costs at the earliest opportunity in 2026.

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased primarily due to the recognition of $13.8 million in depreciation expense in second quarter 2024 for the 2022 base rate case relate back period, effective over six months beginning January 2024. The recognition of depreciation expense for the relate back period was effective over the same period as collections from the relate back surcharge rider and resulted in no effect on net income. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2022 base rate case. The decrease was partially offset by additions to plant in service.

Other income increased primarily due to an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds in February 2025 and the issuance of $350 million of 5.55% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024, partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project.

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Purchased power includes an increase in 2025 of $21 million in costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, including the effect of a significant increase in MISO’s seasonal auction clearing price, due to the implementation of a reliability-based demand curve, for capacity transactions during the summer months. Although Entergy Texas does not have the ability to recover its MISO capacity costs incurred to date beyond the level included in base rates, in June 2025, Texas legislation established a capacity cost recovery rider mechanism that would allow for the recovery of costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction outside of base rates, through a rider that is updated annually. Entergy Texas plans to file for such a rider to recover future capacity procurement costs at the earliest opportunity in 2026.

Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to an increase in local franchise taxes as a result of higher retail revenues in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased primarily due to the recognition of $27.6 million in depreciation expense in 2024 for the 2022 base rate case relate back period, effective over six months beginning January 2024. The recognition of depreciation expense for the relate back period was effective over the same period as collections from the relate back surcharge rider and resulted in no effect on net income. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the 2022 base rate case. The decrease was partially offset by additions to plant in service.

Other income increased primarily due to an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $350 million of 5.55% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024 and the issuance of $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds in February 2025, partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and the Legend Power Station project.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 16.7% for the second quarter 2025 and 16.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction.

The effective income tax rates were 18.4% for the second quarter 2024 and 18.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2024 and the six months ended June 30, 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction and certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation.

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased $50.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• the timing of recovery of fuel and purchased power costs and higher fuel and purchased power payments. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery;
• an increase of $12.9 million in interest paid;
• an increase of $10.3 million in storm spending; and
• lower collections from customers.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $663.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to:

• money pool activity;
• an increase of $386.2 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on the Legend Power Station project, the Orange County Advanced Power Station project, and the Lone Star Power Station project;
• an increase of $30.1 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to increased spending on various transmission projects in 2025 and higher capital expenditures as a result of increased development in Entergy Texas’s service area; and
• an increase of $16 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to higher capital expenditures as a result of increased development in Entergy Texas’s service territory, partially offset by lower capital expenditures for storm restoration in 2025.

The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $17.3 million in information technology capital expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on technology upgrade projects in 2025 and cash collateral of $12.7 million posted in 2024 to support Entergy Texas’s obligation to MISO.

Decreases in Entergy Texas’s receivable from the money pool are a source of cash flow, and Entergy Texas’s receivable from the money pool decreased $13.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

to decreasing by $296.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities increased $443.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the issuance of $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds in February 2025, partially offset by a decrease of $63.6 million in advance payments from customers for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein and Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for more details on long-term debt.

Capital Structure

Entergy Texas’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table. The increase in the debt to capital ratio for Entergy Texas is primarily due to the net issuance of long-term debt in 2025.

(a)Calculation excludes the securitization bonds, which are non-recourse to Entergy Texas.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of finance lease obligations and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. The debt to capital ratio excluding securitization bonds and net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds are non-GAAP measures. Entergy Texas uses the debt to capital ratios excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes they provide useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Texas’s financial condition because the securitization bonds are non-recourse to Entergy Texas, as more fully described in Note 5 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K. Entergy Texas also uses the net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Texas’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy Texas’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Uses and Sources of Capital

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of Entergy Texas’s uses and sources of capital. The following are updates to the information provided in the Form 10-K.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Texas’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Texas’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Texas’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Texas’s ability to access needed capital. The nature and extent of any such effects will depend on, among other things, the specifics of the changes that are ultimately implemented both domestically and internationally, the responses of vendors, suppliers, and other counterparties to those changes, indirect effects on the price and availability of non-tariffed goods, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Entergy Texas’s receivables from the money pool were as follows:

See Note 4 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of the money pool.

Entergy Texas has a credit facility in the amount of $300 million scheduled to expire in June 2030. The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $25 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of June 30, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and $1.1 million in letters of credit outstanding under the credit facility. In addition, Entergy Texas is a party to two uncommitted letter of credit facilities as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO. As of June 30, 2025, $54.0 million in letters of credit were outstanding under one of Entergy Texas’s uncommitted letter of credit facilities. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

Legend Power Station and Lone Star Power Station

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in June 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Legend Power Station, a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility, which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality, to be located in Jefferson County, Texas, and the Lone Star Power Station, a 453 MW simple-cycle combustion turbine facility, which will be enabled with hydrogen co-firing optionality, originally expected to be located in Liberty County, Texas. In March 2025, Entergy Texas filed testimony explaining that Entergy Texas planned to move forward with building the Lone Star Power Station on a more cost-effective alternative site in San Jacinto County, Texas. A hearing on the merits was held in April 2025. Also in April 2025, Entergy Texas, intervenors, and the PUCT staff filed initial briefs. In its initial brief, the PUCT staff recommends denial of Entergy Texas’s application or, in the alternative, approval subject to conditions that include a prudence review by an external consultant if actual project costs exceed estimated costs by more than 10%, transmission cost reporting, and weatherization of both the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station. Certain intervenors requested that the PUCT impose various conditions upon the approval of the resources, including, among others, cost recovery limitations, a direction that Entergy Texas initiate a competitive tariff proceeding to facilitate industrial sleeving, a requirement for additional regulatory approvals related to hydrogen or carbon capture and storage implementation, limits on the recovery of supplemental filing costs, and calculation of AFUDC based on an adjusted weighted average cost of capital. Reply briefs were filed in May 2025. In June 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision, in which they recommended rejection of Entergy Texas’s application to construct the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station based upon their finding that Entergy Texas did not demonstrate the resources to be cost-effective alternatives to address the uncontested need for additional generation. In the alternative, the ALJs recommended that if the PUCT approves the resources, that conditions be imposed, including a deferral of the finding that the resources were prudently selected until Entergy Texas’s next rate case, a prudence review by an external consultant if actual project costs exceed estimated costs by more than 10%, weatherization requirements, and a requirement that Entergy Texas obtain additional regulatory approvals prior to implementing hydrogen co-firing or carbon

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

capture and storage. The ALJs’ proposal for decision is an interim step in the certification process, and it is not binding upon the PUCT. Entergy Texas filed exceptions in July 2025. A PUCT decision is expected in third quarter 2025. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, both facilities are expected to be in service by mid-2028.

Segno Solar and Votaw Solar

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in July 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Segno Solar facility, a 170 MW solar facility to be located in Polk County, Texas, and the Votaw Solar facility, a 141 MW solar facility to be located in Hardin County, Texas. In July 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, an unopposed motion to abate this proceeding to give the parties to the proceeding additional time for settlement discussions.

Southeast Texas Area Reliability Project (SETEX)

In February 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line and associated stations and 138/230 kV facilities. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 131 to 160 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $1.3 billion to $1.5 billion, depending upon the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. Also in February 2025 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. A hearing on the merits was held in May 2025. In July 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision recommending the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s application to construct SETEX and recommending the PUCT’s approval include selection of a specific route with an estimated cost of $1.4 billion. A PUCT decision is expected in third quarter 2025. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, construction of the project is expected to be completed by the end of 2029.

Legend to Sandling 230kV Transmission Line

In April 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 230 kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 9 to 10 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $87.4 million to $88.6 million, depending on the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. Also in April 2025 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In July 2025, Entergy Texas filed an unopposed settlement agreement resolving all issues in the proceeding and a joint motion, which the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, on behalf of the parties to the proceeding to cancel the remaining procedural schedule, to admit evidence, and to remand the proceeding to the PUCT to consider the unopposed settlement agreement. A PUCT decision is expected in fourth quarter 2025. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, construction of the project is expected to be completed by second quarter 2027.

Cypress to Legend 500 kV Transmission Line

In May 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 40 to 49 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $392.7 million to $436.2 million, depending on the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. In June 2025 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings and the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings adopted a procedural schedule with a hearing on the merits to be held in

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

mid-August 2025. A PUCT decision is expected in fourth quarter 2025. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, construction of the project is expected to be completed by the end of 2028.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of state and local rate regulation and fuel-cost recovery. The following are updates to that discussion.

Retail Rates

Distribution Cost Recovery Factor (DCRF) Rider

In April 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $77.8 million annually, or $29.3 million in incremental annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF rider based on its capital invested in distribution between July 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024, including distribution-related restoration costs associated with Hurricane Beryl. In June 2025 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective on June 25, 2025.

Transmission Cost Recovery Factor (TCRF) Rider

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in October 2024, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its TCRF rider, which was previously reset to zero in June 2023 as a result of the 2022 base rate case. The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $9.7 million annually based on its capital invested in transmission between January 1, 2022 and June 30, 2024 and changes in other transmission charges. In April 2025 the PUCT approved the TCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective for usage on and after April 7, 2025.

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in September 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT to reconcile its fuel and purchased power costs for the period from April 2022 through March 2024. During the reconciliation period, Entergy Texas incurred approximately $1.6 billion in eligible fuel and purchased power expenses to generate and purchase electricity to serve its customers, net of certain revenues credited to such expenses and other adjustments. Entergy Texas’s cumulative under-recovery balance for the reconciliation period was approximately $30 million, including interest, which Entergy Texas requested authority to carry over as part of the cumulative fuel balance for the subsequent reconciliation period beginning April 2024. In November 2024 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In March 2025, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers, an intervenor, filed testimony regarding the recovery of capacity costs for a certain power purchase agreement, arguing the capacity costs should be imputed and treated as non-reconcilable fuel expense, recovered in Entergy Texas’s base rates. In April 2025 the PUCT staff filed testimony and later in April 2025, Entergy Texas filed rebuttal testimony. In May 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, a request for a paper hearing and to cancel the oral hearing on the merits previously scheduled for later in May 2025. In June 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, a joint motion to abate the proceeding to give the parties to the proceeding additional time to finalize a settlement.

Federal Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Federal Regulation” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of federal regulation.

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Nuclear Matters

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Nuclear Matters” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Industrial and Commercial Customers

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Industrial and Commercial Customers” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of industrial and commercial customers.

Environmental Risks

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Environmental Risks” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of environmental risks.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the estimates and judgments necessary in Entergy Texas’s accounting for utility regulatory accounting, taxation and uncertain tax positions, qualified pension and other postretirement benefits, and other contingencies.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis herein for updates to the discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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SYSTEM ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

System Energy’s principal asset consists of an ownership interest and a leasehold interest in Grand Gulf. The capacity and energy from its 90% interest is sold under the Unit Power Sales Agreement to its only four customers, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans. System Energy’s operating revenues are derived from the allocation of the capacity, energy, and related costs associated with its 90% interest in Grand Gulf pursuant to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. Payments under the Unit Power Sales Agreement are System Energy’s only source of operating revenues. See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the LPSC” in Note 2 to the financial statements herein for additional information regarding filings made with the FERC in May 2025 related to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. Also, as discussed in “Complaints Against System Energy” in Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K, System Energy and the Unit Power Sales Agreement have been the subject of several litigation proceedings at the FERC. Settlements that resolve all significant aspects of these complaints have been reached with the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC, and these settlements have been approved by the FERC.

Results of Operations

Net Income

Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024

Net income decreased $3.5 million primarily due a lower rate of return on rate base, including the effects of lower authorized rate of return on equity and capital structure limitations reflected in monthly bills issued to Entergy New Orleans effective with the June 2024 service month per the settlement agreement with the City Council and the lower authorized rate of return on equity and capital structure limitations reflected in monthly bills issued to Entergy Louisiana effective with the September 2024 service month per the settlement with the LPSC, and lower operating revenues resulting from changes in rate base. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the settlements with the City Council and the LPSC.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Net income decreased $11.3 million primarily due a lower rate of return on rate base, including the effects of lower authorized rate of return on equity and capital structure limitations reflected in monthly bills issued to Entergy New Orleans effective with the June 2024 service month per the settlement agreement with the City Council and the lower authorized rate of return on equity and capital structure limitations reflected in monthly bills issued to Entergy Louisiana effective with the September 2024 service month per the settlement with the LPSC. The decrease was partially offset by higher operating revenues resulting from changes in rate base. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the settlements with the City Council and the LPSC.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 19.4% for the second quarter 2025 and 20.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to certain book and tax differences related to utility plant items and book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction, partially offset by the accrual for state income taxes.

The effective income tax rates were 23.2% for the second quarter 2024 and 21.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The differences in the effective income tax rates for the second quarter 2024 and the six months

System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

ended June 30, 2024 versus the federal statutory rate of 21% were primarily due to the accrual for state income taxes, partially offset by book and tax differences related to the allowance for equity funds used during construction.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” herein and in the Form 10-K for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation. See Note 10 to the financial statements herein for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits recorded in second quarter 2025.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $104.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the refund of $92 million made in May 2024 to Entergy Arkansas as a result of the settlement with the APSC and a decrease of $20.4 million in spending on nuclear refueling outage costs in 2025 as compared to 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for discussion of the settlement with the APSC.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities decreased $160.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to net proceeds of $16.6 million in 2025 compared to net purchases of $115.5 million in 2024 as a result of fluctuations in nuclear fuel activity due to variations from year to year in the timing and pricing of fuel reload requirements, material and services deliveries, and the timing of cash payments during the nuclear fuel cycle and a decrease of $31.8 million in nuclear construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending in 2024 on Grand Gulf outage projects and upgrades.

Financing Activities

System Energy’s financing activities used $72.6 million of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to providing $220.3 million of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the following activity:

• the repayment, prior to maturity, of $200 million of 2.14% Series mortgage bonds in June 2025;
• a capital contribution of $150 million received from Entergy Corporation in January 2024 in order to

System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

maintain System Energy’s capital structure;

• net repayments of $28.4 million in 2025 compared to net long-term borrowings of $82.6 million in 2024 on the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity’s credit facility;
• $75 million in common stock dividends and distributions paid in 2025. No common stock dividends or distributions were paid in 2024 in anticipation of the settlements with the APSC, the LPSC, and the City Council; and
• the issuance of $240 million of 5.30% Series mortgage bonds in May 2025.

Capital Structure

System Energy’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and common equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. System Energy uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating System Energy’s financial condition. The net debt to net capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure. System Energy uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating System Energy’s financial condition because net debt indicates System Energy’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Uses and Sources of Capital

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of System Energy’s uses and sources of capital. The following are updates to the information provided in the Form 10-K.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact System Energy’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with System Energy’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect System Energy’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect System Energy’s ability to access needed capital. The nature and extent of any such effects will depend on, among other things, the specifics of the changes that are ultimately implemented both domestically and internationally, the responses of vendors, suppliers, and other counterparties to those changes, indirect effects on the price and availability of non-tariffed goods, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

System Energy’s receivables from or (payables to) the money pool were as follows:

See Note 4 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of the money pool.

The System Energy nuclear fuel company variable interest entity has a credit facility in the amount of $120 million scheduled to expire in June 2027. As of June 30, 2025, $44.3 million in loans were outstanding under the System Energy nuclear fuel company variable interest entity credit facility. See Note 4 to the financial statements herein for additional discussion of the variable interest entity credit facility.

Federal Regulation

See the “Rate, Cost-recovery, and Other Regulation - Federal Regulation” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis in the Form 10-K and Note 2 to the financial statements herein and in the Form 10-K for a discussion of federal regulation.

Complaints Against System Energy

See Note 2 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for information regarding pending complaints against System Energy and the settlements approved by the FERC that resolved all significant aspects of these complaints. The following are updates to that discussion.

Grand Gulf Sale-leaseback Renewal Complaint and Uncertain Tax Position Rate Base Issue

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in February 2023, System Energy submitted a tariff compliance filing with the FERC to clarify that, consistent with the releases provided in the June 2022 MPSC settlement, Entergy Mississippi would continue to be charged for its allocation of the sale-leaseback renewal costs under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In March 2023 the MPSC filed a protest to System Energy’s tariff compliance filing. The MPSC argued that the settlement did not specifically address post-settlement sale-leaseback renewal costs and that the sale-leaseback renewal costs may not be recovered under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In February 2025, System Energy and the MPSC resolved their dispute concerning the sale-leaseback renewal costs. As a result, the MPSC withdrew its protest at the FERC on System Energy’s tariff compliance filing. Entergy Mississippi will continue to pay the allocated sale-leaseback renewal costs of approximately $5.7 million annually and there are no refunds due for prior periods. In March 2025, System Energy filed a status report with the FERC explaining that the dispute is resolved. In April 2025 the FERC accepted System Energy’s tariff compliance filing.

System Energy Settlement with the LPSC

As discussed in the Form 10-K, in 2024, System Energy reached a settlement with the LPSC to globally resolve all of the LPSC’s actual and potential claims in multiple docketed proceedings pending before the FERC (including all docketed proceedings resolved by the MPSC, the APSC, and the City Council settlements) and associated with System Energy’s past implementation of the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In compliance with the settlement, in May 2025, System Energy, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy Mississippi submitted the following filings with the FERC: (1) a Federal Power Act Section 203 application seeking approval for the permanent divestiture by Entergy Louisiana to Entergy Mississippi of its rights to capacity and energy from Grand Gulf; and (2) a Federal Power Act Section 205 application seeking approval to modify the entitlement percentages of the remaining purchasers under the Unit Power Sales Agreement in connection with the foregoing divestiture. In July 2025, the FERC issued an order accepting the Federal Power Act Section 205 application to remove Entergy

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Louisiana as a party to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. As a result of the order, the Unit Power Sales Agreement entitlement percentages of the remaining purchasers will be permanently modified to exclude Entergy Louisiana, to be effective beginning October 2025. The FERC also issued an order dismissing the Federal Power Act Section 203 application based on lack of jurisdiction.

Nuclear Matters

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Nuclear Matters” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Environmental Risks

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – Environmental Risks” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of environmental risks.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Form 10-K for a discussion of the estimates and judgments necessary in System Energy’s accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs, utility regulatory accounting, taxation and uncertain tax positions, qualified pension and other postretirement benefits, and other contingencies.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements in the Form 10-K for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis herein for updates to the discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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ENTERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION