Dime Community Bancshares DCOM Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2026

​

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

​

See Notes to unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

See Notes to unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

See Notes to unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

​

DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in thousands)

​

​

​

See Notes to unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

​

​

See Notes to unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

​

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) is engaged in commercial banking and financial services through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Dime Community Bank (“the Bank”). The Bank was established in 1910 and is headquartered in Hauppauge, New York. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 1988 to serve as the holding company for the Bank. The Company functions primarily as the holder of all of the Bank’s common stock. Our bank operations also include Dime Abstract LLC (“Dime Abstract”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, which is a broker of title insurance services. As of March 31, 2026, we operated 62 branch locations throughout Long Island and the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island, and the Bronx, Westchester County and New Jersey.

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include the collective results of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, which are collectively herein referred to as “we”, “us”, “our” and the “Company.”

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. In preparing the interim financial statements, management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reported periods. Such estimates are subject to change in the future as additional information becomes available or previously existing circumstances are modified. Actual future results could differ significantly from those estimates. The annualized results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts, and the related discussion and analysis, to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not have an impact on net income or total stockholders' equity. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which remain significantly unchanged and have been followed similarly as in prior periods.

​

2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the results of operations and statements of comprehensive income for three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Please see “Part I - Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies” for a discussion of areas in the accompanying unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements utilizing significant estimates.

​

3. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, was as follows:

​

​

The before-tax and after-tax amounts allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the table below for the periods indicated.

​

​

​

4. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is computed using the same method as basic EPS, but reflects the potential dilution that would occur if “in the money” stock options were exercised and converted into common stock. In determining the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS, treasury shares are excluded. Vested restricted stock award (“RSA”) shares are included in the calculation of the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS. Unvested RSA and performance-based share awards (“PSA”) shares not yet awarded are recognized as a special class of participating securities under ASC 260, and are included in the calculation of the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS. Basic and diluted EPS on common stock and the basic and diluted EPS on participating securities are the same.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented:

​

​

Common and equivalent shares resulting from the dilutive effect of “in-the-money” outstanding stock options are calculated based upon the excess of the average market value of the common stock over the exercise price of outstanding in-the-money stock options during the period.

There were 26,995 weighted-average stock options outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, which were not considered in the calculation of diluted EPS since their exercise prices exceeded the average market price during the period.

5. PREFERRED STOCK

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. has 5,299,200 shares currently outstanding, or $132.5 million in aggregate liquidation preference, of its 5.50% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).

The Company expects to pay dividends when, as, and if declared by its board of directors, at a fixed rate of 5.50% per annum, payable quarterly, in arrears, on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15 of each year. The Preferred Stock is perpetual and has no stated maturity. The Company may redeem the Preferred Stock at its option at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends), subject to regulatory approval, on or after June 15, 2026, or within 90 days following a regulatory capital treatment event, as described in the prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to the offering.

6. SECURITIES

The following tables summarize the major categories of securities as of the dates indicated:

​

​

​

​

There were no transfers to or from securities held-to-maturity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The carrying value of securities pledged at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was $823.7 million and $766.2 million, respectively.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders' equity.

​

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of securities by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

​

​

The following table presents the information related to sales of securities available-for-sale as of the periods indicated:

​

​

There were no sales of securities held-to-maturity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities available-for-sale aggregated by investment category and the length of time the securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated:

​

​

​

As of March 31, 2026, none of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position due to credit and therefore no allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities was required. As of March 31, 2025, the Company recorded an $893 thousand allowance for credit losses on one available-for-sale corporate security due to the issuer’s non-compliance with certain financial covenants, which was considered a credit deterioration event. Given the high-quality composition of the Company’s held-to-maturity portfolio, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on the held-to-maturity portfolio as of March 31, 2026. With respect to certain classes of debt securities, primarily U.S. Treasuries and securities issued by Government Sponsored Entities, the Company considers the history of credit losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero, even if the U.S. government were to technically default. Accrued interest receivable on securities totaling $6.6 million and $5.9 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, was included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and excluded from the amortized cost and estimated fair value totals in the table above.

​

Management evaluates available-for-sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than amortized cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

​

At March 31, 2026, substantially all of the securities in an unrealized loss position had a fixed interest rate and the cause of the temporary impairment was directly related to changes in interest rates. The Company generally views changes in fair value caused by changes in interest rates as temporary, which is consistent with its experience. The following major security types held by the Company are all issued by U.S. government entities and agencies and therefore either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government: Agency Notes, Treasury Securities, Pass-through MBS issued by U.S. GSEs, Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. None of the unrealized losses are related to credit quality of the issuer. A majority of the state and municipal obligations within the portfolio have all maintained an investment grade rating by either Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s. The Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the debt. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity.

The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for corporate securities available-for-sale for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

​

​

​

​

​

7. LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET

The following table presents the loan categories for the period ended as indicated:

​

(1) Business loans include commercial and industrial loans (“C&I loans”) and owner-occupied commercial real estate loans.

(2) The loan portfolio included a fair value hedge basis point adjustment to the carrying amount of hedged business loans, one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, multifamily residential mortgage loans and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company transferred loans with an aggregate principal balance of $46.2 million from loans held for investment to loans held for sale. At the time of the transfer, the loans were placed on non-accrual status with an associated charge-off of $8.2 million, resulting in $38.0 million being transferred to held for sale status.

​

The following tables present data regarding the allowance for credit losses activity on loans held for investment for the periods indicated:

​

​

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status as of the periods indicated:

​

​

​

The Company did not recognize interest income on non-accrual loans held for investment during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

​

The following tables summarize the past due status of the Company’s loan held for investment portfolio as of the dates indicated:

​

​

​

Accruing Loans 90 Days or More Past Due:

​

There were no accruing loans 90 days or more past due at March 31, 2026 or at December 31, 2025.

Collateral Dependent Loans:

​

The Company had collateral dependent loans which were individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of the dates indicated:

​

​

Loan Restructurings

The Company applies the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification or other form of restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include conditions where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and/or a combination of these modifications. The disclosures related to loan restructuring are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows.

​

The following tables presents loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan category and type of concession granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

​

​

​

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of the dates indicated:

​

​

​

The Bank monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following tables describe the performance of loans that have been modified during the past 12 months.

​

​

​

As of March 31, 2026, there were two business loans totaling $1.2 million that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the prior 12 months that subsequently defaulted. As of March 31, 2026, there were $1.0 million of non-accrual business loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and remained on non-accrual status. As of March 31, 2025, there was one $15.2 million non-owner-occupied commercial loan that was modified to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty during the prior 12 months that subsequently defaulted. As of March 31, 2025, there were $245 thousand and $892 thousand of non-accrual business loans and one-to-four family residential loans, respectively, that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and remained on non-accrual status. For the purposes of this disclosure, a payment default is defined as 90 or more days past due. Non-accrual loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty remain on non-accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms.

​

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit structure, loan documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying them based on credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

​

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of then existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

​

The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of loans by internally assigned grade as of the periods indicated, the years represent the year of origination for non-revolving loans:

​

​

​

​

For other loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on payment activity. Other loans that are 90 days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status, while all remaining other loans are classified and evaluated as performing. The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of other loans by internally assigned grade:

​

​

​

8. LEASES

The following table presents the Company’s remaining maturities of undiscounted lease payments, as well as a reconciliation to the discounted operating lease liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at March 31, 2026:

​

​

Other information related to the Company’s operating leases was as follows:

​

​

​

​

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposure to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loan portfolio.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Company engages in fair value hedges, cash flow hedges and freestanding derivatives.

Effect of Derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

The tables below present the notional amounts and fair values of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

​

​

​

Effect of Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on the Consolidated Statements of Operations

​

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

​

​

Fair Value Hedges

The Company uses fair value hedges to protect against changes in fair value of certain interest rate sensitive assets. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company received $825 thousand from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) clearing house related to the fair value derivatives settled daily to market. As of December 31, 2025, the Company posted $660 thousand to the CME clearing house related to fair value derivatives settled daily to market. The Company pays an average fixed rate of 3.42% and receives a floating rate based on the US federal funds effective rate for the life of the agreement without an exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The amortized cost basis of the closed portfolio of the fixed rate mortgage loans on March 31, 2026 totaled $651.5 million. The amount identified as the last-of-layer in the open hedge relationship was $350.0 million, which is the amount of loans in the closed portfolio anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. The basis adjustment associated with the hedge was a $726 thousand liability as of March 31, 2026, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedged relationship.

The amortized cost basis of the closed portfolio of the fixed rate mortgage loans on December 31, 2025 totaled $666.9 million. The amount identified as the last-of-layer in the open hedge relationship was $350.0 million, which is the amount of loans in the closed portfolio anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. The basis adjustment associated with the hedge was a $663 thousand asset as of December 31, 2025, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedged relationship.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recorded a $190 thousand credit, from the swap transactions as a component of interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded a $622 thousand debit from the swap transactions as a component of interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

​

​

Cash Flow Hedges

Cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The Company uses these types of derivatives to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing or forecasted issuances of short-term borrowings.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $610 thousand will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense.

The Company did not terminate any derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or March 31, 2025, respectively.

The table below presents the effect of the cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated:

​

​

All cash flow hedges are recorded gross on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

Certain cash flow hedges involve derivative agreements with third-party counterparties that contain provisions requiring the Company to post cash collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount and receive collateral for agreements in a net asset position. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company did not post collateral to the third-party counterparties. As of March 31, 2026, the Company received $2.3 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position. As of December 31, 2025, the Company received $3.4 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position. Additionally, the Bank entered into certain cash flow hedges that are exchange-traded through CME and are settled daily to market. As of March 31, 2026, the Company posted $2.3 million to the CME clearing house that are accounted for as settlements of the derivative liabilities. As of December 31, 2025, the Company posted $5.4 million to the CME clearing house that are accounted for as settlements of the derivative asset.

Freestanding Derivatives

The Company maintains an interest-rate risk protection program for its loan portfolio in order to offer loan level derivatives with certain borrowers and to generate loan level derivative income. The Company enters into interest rate swap or interest rate floor agreements with borrowers. These interest rate derivatives are designed such that the borrower synthetically attains a fixed-rate loan, while the Company receives floating rate loan payments. The Company offsets the loan level interest rate swap exposure by entering into an offsetting interest rate swap or interest rate floor with an unaffiliated and reputable bank counterparty. These interest rate derivatives do not qualify as designated hedges, under ASU 815; therefore, each interest rate derivative is accounted for as a freestanding derivative. The notional amounts of the interest rate derivatives do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate derivative agreements. The following tables reflect freestanding derivatives included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of the dates indicated:

​

​

​

Loan level derivative income is recognized on the mark-to-market of the interest rate swap as a fair value adjustment at the time the transaction is closed. Total loan level derivative income is included in non-interest income as follows:

​

​

The interest rate swap product with the borrower is cross collateralized with the underlying loan and, therefore, there is no posted collateral. Certain interest rate swap agreements with third-party counterparties contain provisions that require the Company to post collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount and receive collateral for agreements in a net asset position. As of March 31, 2026, the Company did not post any collateral to its third-party counterparty. As of December 31, 2025, the Company posted $3.0 million in collateral to its third-party counterparties. As of March 31, 2026, the Company received $55.3 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position. As of December 31, 2025, the Company received $49.1 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position.

Risk Participation Agreements

The Company enters into risk participation agreements to manage economic risks but does not designate the instruments in hedge relationships. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the notional amounts of risk participation agreements for derivative liabilities were $135.0 million and $156.7 million, respectively. The related fair values of the Company’s risk participation agreements as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were $4 thousand and $8 thousand, respectively.

Credit Risk Related Contingent Features

The Company’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties state that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations and could be required to terminate its derivative positions with the counterparty.

The Company’s agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties state that if the Bank fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution, the Bank could be required to terminate its derivative positions with the counterparty.

For derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, any breach of the above provisions by the Company may require settlement of its obligations under the agreements at the termination value with the respective counterparty. As of March 31, 2026, there were no derivatives in a net liability position, and therefore the termination value was zero. There were no provisions breached for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

10. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Significant other observable inputs such as any of the following: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, (3) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks, and default rates), or (4) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market-corroborated inputs).

Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Significant unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk). Significant unobservable inputs shall be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Securities

The Company’s available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, which were determined utilizing prices obtained from independent parties. The valuations obtained are based upon market data, and often utilize evaluated pricing models that vary by asset and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. For securities that do not trade on a daily basis, pricing applications apply available information such as benchmarking and matrix pricing. The market inputs normally sought in the evaluation of securities include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes (obtained only from market makers or broker/dealers recognized as market participants), issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. For certain securities, additional inputs may be used or some market inputs may not be applicable. Prioritization of inputs may vary on any given day based on market conditions.

All MBS, CMOs, treasury securities, and agency notes are guaranteed either implicitly or explicitly by U.S. GSEs as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, corporate securities are rated “investment grade” at the time of purchase and the financials of the issuers are reviewed quarterly.

Derivatives

Derivatives represent interest rate swaps and estimated fair values are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date.

The following tables present financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, segmented by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

​

​

​

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. That is, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. Financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include certain individually evaluated loans reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

​

​

​

Individually evaluated loans with an allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2026 had a carrying amount of $17.4 million, which is made up of the outstanding balance of $24.0 million, net of a valuation allowance of $6.6 million. Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans as of March 31, 2026 resulted in a $2.8 million credit loss provision, which is included in the amounts reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Individually evaluated loans with an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2025 had a carrying amount of $3.7 million, which is made up of the outstanding balance of $7.5 million, net of a valuation allowance of $3.8 million.

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

The following tables present the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments other than those measured at fair value on either a recurring or non-recurring basis for the dates indicated, segmented by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

​

(1) Includes mortgage escrow deposits.

​

(1) Includes mortgage escrow deposits.

​

11. OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table presents the carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets that are amortizable.

​

​

Amortization expense recognized on intangible assets was $209 thousand and $252 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

​

Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2026 through 2030 and thereafter is as follows:

​

​

​

​

12. FHLBNY ADVANCES

The Bank had borrowings from the FHLBNY totaling $435.0 million and $508.0 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, all of which were fixed rate. In accordance with the Collateral Pledge and Security Agreement with the FHLBNY, the Bank had remaining FHLBNY borrowing capacity of $1.65 billion as of March 31, 2026 and $1.52 billion as of December 31, 2025, and maintained sufficient qualifying collateral, as defined by the FHLBNY.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recorded $515 thousand in prepayment penalty expense related to the extinguishment of debt. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company did not incur any prepayment penalty expense related to the extinguishment of debt.

The following table is a summary of FHLBNY extinguishments for the periods presented:

​

​

The following table presents the contractual maturities of FHLBNY advances for each of the next five years.

​

​

Total FHLBNY advances had a weighted average interest rate of 3.86% and 4.00% at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

​

13. SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES

On June 28, 2024, the Company issued $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2034 (the “2024 Notes”). The 2024 Notes are callable at par after five years, have a stated maturity of July 15, 2034, and bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 9.00% per year, payable quarterly in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15 of each year, commencing on October 15, 2024. The last interest payment for the fixed rate period will be July 15, 2029. From and including July 15, 2029, to, but excluding the stated maturity date or any earlier redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the benchmark rate (which is expected to be Three-Month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 495.1 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15 of each year, commencing on October 15, 2029.

Subsequently, on July 9, 2024, the Company issued and sold an additional $9.8 million of the 2024 Notes, pursuant to an overallotment option granted to the underwriters of the offering. Including the overallotment option, the total gross proceeds from the offering were $74.8 million, before discounts and offering expenses.

​

On May 6, 2022, the Company issued $160.0 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2032 (“the 2022 Notes”). The 2022 Notes are callable at par after five years, have a stated maturity of May 15, 2032 and bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.00% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on November 15, 2022. The last interest payment for the fixed rate period will be May 15, 2027. From and including May 15, 2027 to, but excluding the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the benchmark rate (which is expected to be Three-Month Term SOFR) plus 218-basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on August 15, 2027. The Company used the net proceeds of the offering for the repayment of $115.0 million of the Company’s 4.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2027 on June 15, 2022, and $40.0 million of the Company’s 5.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures due 2025 on June 30, 2022. The repayment of the subordinated notes due 2027 resulted in a pre-tax write-off of debt issuance costs of $740 thousand, which was recognized in loss on extinguishment of debt in non-interest expense.

The remaining $40.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures were issued by the Company in September 2015, are callable at par after ten years, have a stated maturity of September 30, 2030, and bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.75% per year, for the first ten years. From and including September 30, 2025 to the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate resets quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three-month CME Term SOFR plus 372 basis points.

During the first quarter of 2026, the Company redeemed at par all of its outstanding $40.0 million principal amount of Fixed/Floating Subordinated Debentures due 2030. Upon redemption, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $1.5 million, which was recorded in non-interest expense.

​

The subordinated debentures totaled $231.1 million and $272.5 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Interest expense related to the subordinated debentures was $4.4 million and $4.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively. The subordinated debentures are included in tier 2 capital (with certain limitations applicable) under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations.

​

14. RETIREMENT AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS

The Bank maintains two noncontributory pension plans that existed before the Merger: (i) the Retirement Plan of Dime Community Bank (“Employee Retirement Plan”) and (ii) the BNB Bank Pension Plan, covering all eligible employees.

​

Employee Retirement Plan

The Bank sponsors the Employee Retirement Plan, a tax-qualified, noncontributory, defined-benefit retirement plan. Prior to April 1, 2000, substantially all full-time employees of at least 21 years of age were eligible for participation after one year of service. Effective April 1, 2000, the Bank froze all participant benefits under the Employee Retirement Plan. Effective December 31, 2023, the Employee Retirement Plan was terminated. Retirement benefits of the plan were vested as they were earned. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Bank used December 31st as its measurement date for the Employee Retirement Plan.

BNB Bank Pension Plan

During 2012, Bridge Bancorp, Inc., (“Bridge”) amended the BNB Bank Pension Plan by revising the formula for determining benefits effective January 1, 2013, except for certain grandfathered Bridge employees. Additionally, new Bridge employees hired on or after October 1, 2012 were not eligible for the BNB Bank Pension Plan. Effective December 31, 2023, the Bank froze all participant benefits under the BNB Pension Plan, the impact of which is reflected in the recorded curtailment as of December 31, 2023. On December 21, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a resolution to terminate the BNB Bank Pension Plan effective December 31, 2023. The termination was effectively completed by March 31, 2025, and all related liabilities were fully settled. Retirement benefits of the plan were vested as they were earned.

The following tables represent the components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost associated with these plans:

​

​

There were no contributions to the Employee Retirement Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. There was no contributions to the BNB Bank Pension Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2025, prior to the termination being completed.

​

401(k) Plan

The Company maintains a 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) that existed before the Merger. The 401(k) Plan covers substantially all current employees. Newly hired employees are automatically enrolled in the plan on the first pay date following the 60th day of employment, unless they elect not to participate. Participants may contribute a portion of their pre-tax base salary, generally not to exceed $24,500 for the calendar year ended December 31, 2026. Under the provisions of the 401(k) Plan, Dime Community Bank provides an employer non-elective contribution to employee accounts equivalent to 3% of eligible compensation. Participants can invest their account balances into several investment alternatives. The 401(k) Plan does not allow for investment of new contributions in the Company’s common stock, nor does it allow participants to transfer existing balances into the Company’s common stock. The 401(k) Plan held Company common stock within the accounts of participants totaling $6.1 million and $6.0 million at March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, total expense recognized as a component of salaries and employee benefits expense for the 401(k) Plan was $1.1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company did not recognize any expense as a component of salaries and employee benefits expense for the 401(k) Plan.

​

15. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

In May 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Equity Incentive Plan”) to provide the Company with sufficient equity compensation to meet the objectives of appropriately incentivizing its officers, other employees, and directors to execute our strategic plan to build shareholder value, while providing appropriate shareholder protections. The Company no longer makes grants under the Legacy Stock Plans. Awards outstanding under the Legacy Stock Plans will continue to remain outstanding and subject to the terms and conditions of the Legacy Stock Plans. An additional 1,185,000 shares of common stock were reserved to be issued under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan following stockholder approval at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on May 23, 2024. At March 31, 2026, there were 924,365 shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan.

Stock Option Awards

The following table presents a summary of activity related to stock options granted under the Legacy Stock Plans, and changes during the period then ended:

​

​

Information related to stock options during each period is as follows:

​

​

The range of exercise prices and weighted-average remaining contractual lives of both outstanding and vested options (by option exercise cost) as of March 31, 2026 were as follows:

​

​

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company has made RSA grants to outside Directors and certain officers under the Legacy Stock Plans and the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. Typically, awards to outside Directors fully vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, while awards to officers vest over a pre-determined requisite period. All awards were made at the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Compensation expense on all RSAs is based upon the fair value of the shares on the respective dates of the grant.

The following table presents a summary of activity related to the RSAs granted, and changes during the period then ended:

​

​

Information related to RSAs during each period is as follows:

​

​

As of March 31, 2026, there was $10.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSAs to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

Performance-Based Share Awards

The Company maintains a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) for certain officers, which meets the criteria for equity-based accounting. For each award, threshold (50% of target), target (100% of target) and stretch (150% of target) opportunities are eligible to be earned over a three-year performance period based on the Company’s relative performance on certain goals that were established at the onset of the performance period and cannot be altered subsequently. Shares of common stock are issued on the grant date and held as unvested stock awards until the end of the performance period. Shares are issued at the stretch opportunity in order to ensure that an adequate number of shares are allocated for shares expected to vest at the end of the performance period. Compensation expense on PSAs is based upon the fair value of the shares on the date of the grant for the expected aggregate share payout as of the period end.

The following table presents a summary of activity related to the PSAs granted, and changes during the period then ended:

​

​

Information related to PSAs during each period is as follows:

​

​

As of March 31, 2026, there was $5.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSAs based on the expected aggregate share payout to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.

​

16. INCOME TAXES

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company’s consolidated effective tax rates were 28.7% and 25.3%, respectively. There were no significant unusual income tax items during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

17. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Chief Executive Officer, who is designated as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), determines the Company’s reportable segment. The Chief Executive Officer along with others in the Company’s executive management evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon analysis of the Company as one operating segment or unit. The activities of the Company comprise one reportable segment, “Community Banking.” All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on the manner in which it supports the other activities of the Company. All the consolidated assets are attributable to the Community Banking segment. The accounting policies of the Community Banking segment are the same as those described in Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

​

The Company provides a range of community banking services, including commercial and consumer lending, personal and business banking, treasury management and merchant services, and other financial services primarily to individuals, businesses, and municipalities in the Greater Long Island area.

The CODM is provided with the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition and operations and evaluates the Company’s operating results based on consolidated net interest income, non-interest income, non-interest expense, and net income, which can be seen on the consolidated statement of operations. These results are used to benchmark the Company against its competitors. Other significant non-cash items assessed by the CODM are depreciation, amortization and provision for credit losses consistent with the reporting on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Expenditures for long-lived assets are also evaluated and are consistent with the reporting on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Strategic plans and budget to actual monitoring are evaluated as one reportable segment. The actual results are used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing management’s compensation. All revenues are derived from banking operations within the United States, and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's consolidated revenue.

​

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc., a New York corporation, is a bank holding company formed in 1988. On a parent-only basis, the Company has minimal operations, other than as owner of Dime Community Bank. The Company is dependent on dividends from its wholly-owned subsidiary, Dime Community Bank, its own earnings, additional capital raised, and borrowings as sources of funds. The information in this report reflects principally the financial condition and results of operations of the Bank. The Bank's results of operations are primarily dependent on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest income on loans and investments and interest expense on deposits and borrowings. The Bank also generates non-interest income, such as fee income on deposit and loan accounts, merchant credit and debit card processing programs, loan swap fees, investment services, income from its title insurance subsidiary, and net gains on sales of securities and loans. The level of non-interest expenses, such as salaries and benefits, occupancy and equipment costs, other general and administrative expenses, expenses from the Bank’s title insurance subsidiary, and income tax expense, further affects our net income. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts and the related discussion and analysis to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not have an impact on net income or total stockholders' equity.

Selected Financial Highlights and Other Data

(Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)

(1) Non-performing loans are defined as all loans on non-accrual status.

(2) March 31, 2026 balance includes one non-performing available for sale security in the amount of $450 thousand.

Critical Accounting Policies

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 contains a summary of significant accounting policies. These critical accounting estimates involve a significant degree of complexity and require management to make difficult subjective judgments which often necessitate assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. Policies with respect to the methodology used to determine the allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment are important to the presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. The use of different judgments, assumptions or estimates could result in material variations in the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

Management has reviewed the following critical accounting estimates and related disclosures with its Audit Committee.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Held for Investment

Methods and Assumptions Underlying the Estimate

The allowance for credit losses is established and maintained through a provision for credit losses based on expected losses inherent in our loan portfolio. Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance on a quarterly basis, and additions to the allowance are charged to expense and realized losses, net of recoveries, are charged against the allowance.

Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In determining the allowance for credit losses for loans that share similar risk characteristics, the Company utilizes a model which compares the amortized cost basis of the loan to the net present value of expected cash flows to be collected. Expected credit losses are determined by aggregating the individual cash flows and calculating a loss percentage by loan segment, or pool, for loans that share similar risk characteristics. For a loan that does not share risk characteristics with other loans, the Company will evaluate the loan on an individual basis. Within the model, assumptions are made in the determination of probability of default, loss given default, reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, prepayment rate, curtailment rate, and recovery lag periods.

Statistical regression is utilized to relate historical macro-economic variables to historical credit loss experience of a peer group of banks that operate in and around Dime’s footprint. These models are then utilized to forecast future expected loan losses based on expected future behavior of the same macro-economic variables. Adjustments to the quantitative results are made using qualitative factors, which are subjective and require significant management judgment. These factors include: (1) lending policies and procedures and the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other relevant staff; (2) international, national, regional and local economic business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets; (3) the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; (4) the volume and severity of past due loans; (5) the quality of our loan review system; (6) the value of underlying collateral for collateralized loans; (7) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and (8) the effect of external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio.

Although management believes that it uses the best information available to establish the Allowance for Credit Loss, management assesses the sensitivity of key quantitative assumptions including macroeconomic forecasts and prepayment rate assumptions. Changes in quantitative inputs may not occur in the same direction or magnitude across all segments of our loan portfolio and deterioration in some quantitative inputs may offset improvement in others.

Uncertainties Regarding the Estimate

Estimating the timing and amounts of future losses is subject to significant management judgment as these projected cash flows rely upon the estimates discussed above and factors that are reflective of current or future expected conditions. These estimates depend on the duration of current overall economic conditions, industry, borrower, or portfolio specific conditions. Volatility in certain credit metrics and differences between expected and actual outcomes are to be expected.

Customers may not repay their loans according to the original terms, and the collateral securing the payment of those loans may be insufficient to pay any remaining loan balance. Bank regulators periodically review our allowance for credit losses and may require us to increase our provision for credit losses or loan charge-offs.

Impact on Financial Condition and Results of Operations

If our assumptions prove to be incorrect, the allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover expected losses in the loan portfolio, resulting in additions to the allowance. Future additions or reductions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic, market or other conditions. Changes in estimates could result in a material change in the allowance through charges to earnings which would materially decrease our net income.

We may experience significant credit losses if borrowers experience financial difficulties, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of the examination process, periodically review the allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize adjustments to the allowance based on their judgments of the information available to them at the time of their examination.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Board of Directors has approved a liquidity policy that it reviews and updates at least annually. Senior management is responsible for implementing the policy. The Bank’s Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”) is responsible for general oversight and strategic implementation of the policy and management of the appropriate departments are designated responsibility for implementing any strategies established by ALCO. On a daily basis, appropriate senior management receives a current cash position report and 30-day forecast to ensure that all short-term obligations are timely satisfied, and that adequate liquidity exists to fund future activities. Reports detailing the Bank’s liquidity reserves are presented to appropriate senior management on at least a monthly basis, and the Board of Directors at each of its meetings. In addition, a twelve-month liquidity forecast is presented to ALCO in order to assess potential future liquidity concerns. A forecast of cash flow data for the upcoming 12 months is presented to the Board of Directors no less than annually. Given recent banking industry events, management monitors the level of uninsured deposits on a regular basis.

​

Liquidity is primarily needed to meet customer borrowing commitments and deposit withdrawals, either on demand or on contractual maturity, to repay borrowings as they mature, to fund current and planned expenditures and to make new loans and investments as opportunities arise. The Bank’s primary sources of funding for its lending and investment activities include deposits, loan payments, investment security principal and interest payments and advances from the FHLBNY. The Bank may also sell or securitize selected multifamily residential, mixed-use or one-to-four family residential real estate loans to private sector secondary market purchasers and has in the past sold such loans to Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). The Company may additionally issue debt or equity under appropriate circumstances. Although maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and investments are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and prepayments on real estate loans and MBS are influenced by interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

The Bank is a member of American Financial Exchange (“AFX”), through which it may either borrow or lend funds on an overnight or short-term basis with other member institutions. The availability of funds changes daily. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Bank did not have any such borrowings outstanding through the AFX.

The Bank utilizes repurchase agreements as part of its borrowing policy to add liquidity. Repurchase agreements represent funds received from customers, generally on an overnight basis, which are collateralized by investment securities. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Bank did not have any repurchase agreements.

The Bank gathers deposits in direct competition with commercial banks, savings banks and brokerage firms, many among the largest in the nation. It must additionally compete for deposit monies against the stock and bond markets, especially during periods of strong performance in those arenas. The Bank’s deposit flows are affected primarily by the pricing and marketing of its deposit products compared to its competitors, as well as the market performance of depositor investment alternatives such as the U.S. bond or equity markets. To the extent that the Bank is responsive to general market increases or declines in interest rates, its deposit flows should not be materially impacted. However, favorable performance of the equity or bond markets could adversely impact the Bank’s deposit flows.

Total deposits (including mortgage escrow deposits) decreased $242.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a decrease of $70.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in deposits during the current period was primarily due to decreases in non-interest-bearing checking accounts, interest bearing checking accounts, savings accounts and CDs, partially offset by an increase in money market accounts deposits.

In the event that the Bank should require funds beyond its ability or desire to generate them internally, additional sources of funds are available through a borrowing line at the FHLBNY, borrowing capacity at the AFX, lines of credit with unaffiliated correspondent banks, and various brokered deposit sources. At March 31, 2026, the Bank had remaining borrowing capacity of $1.65 billion through the FHLBNY, subject to customary minimum FHLBNY common stock ownership requirements (i.e., 4.5% of the Bank’s outstanding FHLBNY borrowings). The Bank also had access to the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) Discount Window. At March 31, 2026, an available line of credit totaling $339.0 million was in place at the FRB backed by investment securities with no advances drawn. Additionally, at March 31, 2026, a line of credit totaling $3.65 billion was in place at the FRB secured by certain qualifying one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, construction loans and commercial real estate loans with no amounts drawn.

The Bank reduced its outstanding FHLBNY advances by $73.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a reduction of $100.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. See Note 12. “FHLBNY Advances” for further information.

Subordinated debentures totaled $231.1 million at March 31, 2026 compared to $272.5 million at December 31, 2025. See Note 13. “Subordinated Debentures” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, business loan originations excluding new lines were $170.3 million and $42.6 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, real estate loan originations excluding new lines (excluding owner-occupied commercial real estate) totaled $50.1 million and $28.9 million, respectively.

The Company and the Bank are subject to minimum regulatory capital requirements imposed by their primary federal regulators. As a general matter, these capital requirements are based on the amount and composition of an institution’s assets. At March 31, 2026, both the Company and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements and the Bank was considered “well capitalized” for all regulatory purposes.

The following table summarizes Company and Bank capital ratios calculated under the Basel III Capital Rules framework as of the period indicated:

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​

(1) Only the Bank is subject to these requirements.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. As of March 31, 2026, 1,566,947 shares remained available for purchase under the authorized share repurchase programs. See “Part II - Item 2. Other Information - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” for additional information about repurchases of common stock.

The Company paid $1.8 million in cash dividends on its preferred stock during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The Company paid $10.8 million and $10.7 million in cash dividends on its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Contractual Obligations

The Bank generally has borrowings outstanding in the form of FHLBNY advances, short-term or overnight borrowings, subordinated debt, as well as customer CDs with fixed contractual interest rates. In addition, the Bank is obligated to make rental payments under leases on certain of its branches and equipment.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As part of its loan origination business, the Bank generally has outstanding commitments to extend credit to borrowers, which are originated pursuant to its regular underwriting standards. Available lines of credit may not be drawn on or may expire prior to funding, in whole or in part, and amounts are not estimates of future cash flows. As of March 31, 2026, the Bank had $118.2 million of firm loan commitments that were accepted by the borrowers.

Additionally, in connection with a loan securitization completed in December 2017, the Bank executed a reimbursement agreement with FHLMC that obligates the Company to reimburse FHLMC for any contractual principal and interest payments on defaulted loans, not to exceed 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the aggregate balance of the loan pool at securitization. The maximum exposure under this reimbursement obligation is $28.0 million. The Bank has pledged $27.9 million of pass-through MBS issued by U.S. GSEs as collateral.

Concentrations of Lending Activities

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans have collectively represented the largest percentage of the Company’s loan portfolio, accounting for 57% and 59% of total loans held for investment as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans represented 27% of total loans held for investment as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans represented 31% and 32% of total loans held for investment as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company expects that non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans will continue to be a significant portion of the Company’s total loan portfolio.

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans are subject to a varying degree of risk associated with changing general economic conditions. The Company employs heightened risk management practices that address key elements, including board and management oversight and strategic planning, portfolio management, development of underwriting standards, risk assessment and monitoring through market analysis and stress testing, and maintenance of appropriate capital levels as needed to support lending activities.

Despite the Company's concentration in non-owner occupied commercial real estate and multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans, the properties securing these portfolios are diversified in terms of type and geographic location. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry. As a matter of policy, the non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan and the multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loan portfolios are subject to risk exposure limits by individual asset classes as well as geographic collateral locations outside of our market areas.

We regularly identify and assess concentration levels through ongoing reporting to our Board of Directors as well as committees at both the Board and Management levels. The management team has extensive knowledge and experience in underwriting non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans. Management has established the Credit Risk Management Committee which meets quarterly to review all policies and procedures, large lending exposures, and emerging trends including trends related to delinquency, debt service coverage ratios, loan-to-value, and loan ratings to aid in early detection and escalation of potential issues. The Company has a dedicated team responsible for conducting comprehensive annual reviews of the portfolios, ensuring consistent oversight. Credit underwriting standards are periodically reviewed and adjusted based upon observations from our ongoing monitoring of economic conditions in major real estate markets in which we lend. In response to the current dynamic interest rate environment and changes in the benchmark rates that determine loan pricing, the Company has enhanced its stress testing and loan review activities to mitigate interest rate reset risk with a specific emphasis on borrowers' abilities to absorb the impact of higher interest loan rates and measure the resiliency of the portfolios. As a general rule, Management takes a selective approach to originating non-owner occupied commercial real estate and multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans, prioritizing quality and strategic alignment.

The following tables present the composition by property type and weighted average loan-to-value (“LTV”) of the Company’s non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans:

(1) Includes various property types such as gas stations, restaurants, storage facilities, and other special use properties.

(1) Includes various property types such as gas stations, restaurants, storage facilities, and other special use properties.

The following tables present the composition by property type and weighted average LTV of the Company’s multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans:

(1) New York City includes the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Manhattan.

(2) Composition based on revenue.

​

(1) New York City includes the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Manhattan.

(2) Composition based on revenue.

​

Additional information related to the granularity in the non-owner occupied commercial real estate and multifamily residential and residential mixed-use portfolios is presented in the tables below as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

​

(1) Includes various property types such as gas stations, restaurants, storage facilities, and other special use properties.

(2) New York City includes the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Manhattan.

(3) Composition based on revenue.

(1) Includes various property types such as gas stations, restaurants, storage facilities, and other special use properties.

(2) New York City includes the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Manhattan.

(3) Composition based on revenue.

Asset Quality

General

We do not originate or purchase loans, either whole loans or loans underlying MBS, which would have been considered subprime loans at origination, i.e., real estate loans advanced to borrowers who did not qualify for market interest rates because of problems with their income or credit history. See Note 6 to our unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of evaluation for impaired securities.

Monitoring and Collection of Delinquent Loans

All past due loans are reported beginning on the first day a payment is past due through a Past Due Loan Report, which is distributed to lenders and management for follow-up and awareness. Consistent with customary grace periods, collection follow-up activities generally commence on or about the tenth day past due. Thereafter, past due follow-up calls are conducted on a weekly basis, as appropriate. Management reviews delinquent loans monthly and reports to the Board of Directors or appropriate Committees of the Board at each regularly scheduled meeting regarding the status of all non-performing and otherwise delinquent loans in the loan portfolio.

​

Our loan servicing policies and procedures require that a past due notice be sent to a delinquent borrower in accordance with the terms of the loan. Loan documents generally provide that a payment is deemed late between one and fifteen days after the due date. As a standard practice, notices are sent as soon as reasonably possible after a payment is deemed late, including ten days in the case of business loans, multifamily residential and mixed use loans, non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, and acquisition, development, and construction (ADC) loans, and fifteen days in connection with one to four family residential and consumer loans. Thereafter, periodic letters are sent, and telephone calls are placed to the borrower until payment is received or a formal demand is made and the loan is transferred to Workout. When contact is made with the borrower prior to default or foreclosure, servicing will seek to obtain the full payment due. Once transferred, Workout will attempt to negotiate a repayment plan or other resolution with the borrower to avoid foreclosure, where appropriate.

​

Accrual of interest is generally discontinued on a loan that meets any of the following three criteria: (i) full payment of principal or interest is no longer expected; (ii) principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more (unless the loan is both deemed to be well secured and in the process of collection); or (iii) an election has otherwise been made to maintain the loan on a cash basis due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. Such non-accrual determination practices are applied consistently to all loans regardless of their internal classification or designation. Upon entering non-accrual status, the system will reverse all outstanding accrued interest receivable.

​

We generally initiate foreclosure proceedings on real estate loans when a loan enters non-accrual status based upon non-payment, unless the borrower is paying in accordance with an agreed upon modified payment agreement. We obtain an updated appraisal upon the commencement of legal action to calculate a potential collateral shortfall and to reserve appropriately for the potential loss. If a foreclosure action is instituted and the loan is not brought current, paid in full, or refinanced before the foreclosure action is completed, the property securing the loan is transferred to Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) status. We generally attempt to utilize all available remedies, such as note sales in lieu of foreclosure, in an effort to resolve non-accrual loans and OREO properties as quickly and prudently as possible in consideration of market conditions, the physical condition of the property and any other mitigating circumstances. We have not initiated any expected or imminent foreclosure proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements. In the event that a non-accrual loan is subsequently brought current, it is returned to accrual status once the doubt concerning collectability has been removed and the borrower has demonstrated performance in accordance with the loan terms and has made at least six months of payments.

The C&I portfolio, which is within our business loans, is actively managed by our lenders. Most credit facilities typically require an annual review of the exposure and borrowers are required to submit annual financial reporting and loans are structured with financial covenants to indicate expected performance levels. Smaller C&I loans are monitored based on performance and the ability to draw against a credit line is curtailed if there are any indications of credit deterioration. Guarantors are also required to update their financial reporting on an annual basis or alternative schedule as provided in their loan documents. All exposures are credit risk rated and those entering adverse ratings due to financial performance concerns of the borrower or material delinquency of any payments or financial reporting are subjected to added management scrutiny and monitoring. Measures taken typically include amendments to the amount of the available credit facility, requirements for increased collateral, additional guarantor support or a material enhancement to the frequency and quality of financial reporting. Loans determined to reach adverse risk rating standards are monitored closely by Credit Administration to identify any potential credit losses. When warranted, loans reaching a Substandard rating could be reassigned to the Workout Group for direct handling.

Non-accrual Loans

The following is a reconciliation of non-accrual loans as of the dates indicated:

​

Loan Restructurings

​

The Company applies the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification or other form of restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include conditions where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and/or a combination of these modifications. The disclosures related to loan restructuring are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows.

​

Within the allowance for credit losses, losses are estimated for restructured loans on accrual status as well as restructured loans on non-accrual status that are one-to-four family loans or consumer loans, on a pooled basis with loans that share similar risk characteristics. Restructured loans on non-accrual status excluding one-to-four family and consumer loans are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses. For restructured loans that are collateral-dependent where the Bank has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and we expect repayment of the loan to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is measured based on the difference between the fair value of collateral, less the estimated costs to sell, and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. For non-collateral-dependent loans, the allowance for credit losses is measured based on the difference between the present value of expected cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date.

​

OREO

Property acquired by the Bank, or a subsidiary, as a result of foreclosure on a mortgage loan or a deed in lieu of foreclosure is classified as OREO. Upon entering OREO status, we obtain a current appraisal on the property and reassess the likely realizable value (a/k/a fair value) of the property quarterly thereafter. OREO is carried at the lower of the fair value or book balance, with any write downs recognized through a provision recorded in non-interest expense. Only the appraised value, or either a contractual or formal marketed value that falls below the appraised value, is used when determining the likely realizable value of OREO at each reporting period. We typically seek to dispose of OREO properties in a timely manner. As a result, OREO properties have generally not warranted subsequent independent appraisals.

There was no carrying value of OREO properties on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. We did not recognize any provision for losses on OREO properties during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025.

Past Due Loans

Loans Delinquent 30 to 59 Days

At March 31, 2026, there were $72.4 million of loans that were past due between 30 and 59 days, compared to $28.8 million at December 31, 2025. The 30 to 59-day delinquency levels fluctuate monthly and are generally considered a less accurate indicator of near-term credit quality trends than non-accrual loans.

Loans Delinquent 60 to 89 Days

At March 31, 2026, there were $11.4 million of loans that were past due between 60 and 89 days, compared to $30.1 million at December 31, 2025. The 60 to 89-day delinquency levels fluctuate monthly and are generally considered a less accurate indicator of near-term credit quality trends than non-accrual loans.

Accruing Loans 90 Days or More Past Due

There were no accruing loans 90 days or more past due at March 31, 2026 or at December 31, 2025.

Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments

​

The Bank maintains a reserve, recorded in other liabilities, associated with unfunded loan commitments accepted by the borrower. The amount of our reserve was $2.6 million and $2.2 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. This reserve is determined based upon the outstanding volume of unfunded loan commitments at each period end. Any increases or reductions in this reserve are recognized in provision for credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses

​

Provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $12.3 million and $9.6 million, respectively. The $12.3 million credit loss provision for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was attributable to charge-offs and provisioning for individually analyzed loans. The $9.6 million credit loss provision for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily associated with provisioning for individually analyzed loans.

For a further discussion of the allowance for credit losses and related activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, please see Note 6 “Securities” and Note 7 “Loans Held for Investment, Net” to the condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table presents our allowance for credit losses allocated by loan type and the percent of loans in each category to total loans as of the dates indicated.

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​

​

The following table sets forth information about our allowance for credit losses at or for the dates indicated:

​

(1) Total loans represent gross loans (excluding loans held for sale), inclusive of deferred fees/costs and premiums/discounts.

(2) Total average loans represent gross loans (including loans held for sale), inclusive of deferred loan fees/costs and premiums/discounts.

​

Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025

Assets*.* Assets totaled $15.00 billion at March 31, 2026, $342.1 million below their level at December 31, 2025, primarily due to decreases of $294.3 million in cash and due from banks, and $148.6 million in the loan portfolio, partially offset by increases of $69.2 million in total securities and $36.2 million in loans held for sale.

Loan originations, excluding new lines, totaled $220.4 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2026.

Total investment securities increased $69.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, to $1.49 billion at period end, primarily due to purchases of $121.3 million, offset by proceeds from principal payments, calls and maturities of $43.6 million, an increase in unrealized losses of $5.2 million and proceeds from the sale of available for sale securities of $4.0 million. There were no transfers to or from securities held-to-maturity during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

BOLI increased $3.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, to $404.7 million.

Liabilities*.* Total liabilities decreased $363.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, to $13.50 billion at period end, primarily due to decreases of $242.2 million in deposits (including mortgage escrow accounts), $73.0 million in FHLBNY advances and $41.4 million in subordinated debt.

Stockholders’ Equity*.* Stockholders’ equity increased $21.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, to $1.50 billion at period end, primarily due to net income of $34.6 million, partially offset by common stock dividends of $10.8 million, preferred stock dividends of $1.8 million and other comprehensive loss of $1.6 million.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

​

General. Net income was $34.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to net income of $21.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, net interest income increased by $18.0 million, income tax expense increased by $6.7 million, non-interest expense decreased by $2.8 million, the credit loss provision increased by $2.7 million, and non-interest income increased by $1.7 million, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025.

​

The discussion of net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 should be read in conjunction with the following tables, which set forth certain information related to the Consolidated Statements of Operations for those periods, and which also present the average yield on assets and average cost of liabilities for the periods indicated. The average yields and costs were derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of their related assets or liabilities during the periods represented. Average balances were derived from average daily balances. No tax-equivalent adjustments have been made for interest income exempt from federal, state, and local taxation. The yields include loan fees consisting of amortization of loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct and indirect origination costs, prepayment fees, and late charges that are considered adjustments to yields. Net loan fees included in interest income were $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in net loan fees was primarily due to increases in deferred fees and prepayment penalty on loans in 2026.

​

Analysis of Net Interest Income

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​

(1) Business loans include C&I loans and owner-occupied commercial real estate loans.

(2) Includes mortgage escrow deposits.

(3) Amounts are net of deferred origination costs/(fees) and allowance for credit losses, and include loans held for sale.

(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(5) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average-interest earning assets.

(6) At March 31, 2026 and 2025, the loan portfolio included a fair value hedge basis point adjustment to the carrying amount of hedged business loans, one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, multifamily residential mortgage loans and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans.

​

​

Rate/Volume Analysis ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Rate/Volume Analysis

• Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
• (Dollars in thousands)_

​

Net interest income. Net interest income was $112.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $18.0 million from the three months ended March 31, 2025. Average interest-earning assets were $14.20 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $1.2 billion from $12.96 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net interest margin was 3.21% during the three months ended March 31, 2026, up from 2.95% during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Interest Income. Interest income was $173.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $161.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, interest income increased $11.5 million from the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily reflecting increases in interest income of $10.7 million on other short-term investments, $7.4 million on business loans, $1.5 million on securities and $1.3 million on one-to-four family residential and coop/condo apartment loans, partially offset by a decrease in interest income of $4.6 million on multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans and $3.8 million on non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans.

The increased interest income on other short-term investments, which is comprised of cash and due from banks and restricted stock, was related to a $1.32 billion increase in the average balances, partially offset by a 71-basis point decrease in the yield of such investments in the period. The increased interest income on business loans was due to a $526.5 million increase in the average balances, partially offset by a 16-basis point decrease in the yield of such loans in the period. The increased interest income on securities was related to a $78.9 million in average balances and a 22-basis point increase in the yield of such securities in the period. The increased interest income on one-to-four family residential and coop/condo apartment loans was related to a $79.8 million increase in the average balances and a 15-basis point increase in the yield of such loans in the period. The decreased interest income on multifamily residential and residential mixed-use loans was related to a $433.0 million decrease in the average balance, partially offset by a 3-basis point increase in the yield of such loans in the period. The decreased interest income on non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans reflected a $303.8 million decrease in the average balance, partially offset by a 1-basis point increase in the yield of such loans in the period.

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $61.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $67.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, interest expense decreased $6.5 million, primarily reflecting a decrease in interest expense of $5.7 million on deposits.

The decreased interest expense on deposits was primarily due to a 58-basis point decrease in rates paid on savings accounts and a $228.0 million decrease in average balances of such deposits, a 31-basis point decrease in rates paid on CDs, partially offset by a $132.1 million increase in the average balance of such deposits, and a 66-basis point decrease in rates paid on money market accounts, partially offset by a $685.0 million increase in average balances of such deposits in the period.

Provision for Credit Losses. We recorded a credit loss provision of $12.3 million and $9.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The $12.3 million credit loss provision for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was primarily attributable to charge-offs and provisioning for individually analyzed loans. The $9.6 million credit loss provision for the three months ended March 31, 2025, was primarily associated with provisioning for individually analyzed loans.

​

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income totaled $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $9.6 million for the same period in 2025. The increase was primarily driven by a $1.1 million increase in service charges and other fees and a $565 thousand increase in BOLI income.

Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense totaled $62.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $65.5 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $7.2 million pension settlement loss recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025, with no comparable expense in the current‑year period, partially offset by an increase of $3.9 million of salaries and employee benefits.

Non-interest expense was 1.68% and 1.90% of average assets during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense was $13.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to income tax expense of $7.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The reported effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was 28.7%, and 25.3%, respectively.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

​

Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk were presented at December 31, 2025 in Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2026. The following is an update of the discussion provided therein.

General. The Company’s largest component of market risk remains interest rate risk. The Company is not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we conducted zero transactions involving derivative instruments requiring bifurcation in order to hedge interest rate or market risk.

Interest Rate Risk Exposure Analysis

Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”) Analysis. In accordance with agency regulatory guidelines, the Company simulates the impact of interest rate volatility upon EVE using several interest rate scenarios. EVE is the difference between the present value of the expected future cash flows of the Company’s assets and liabilities and the value of any off-balance sheet items, such as derivatives, if applicable.

Traditionally, the fair value of fixed-rate instruments fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. Increases in interest rates thus result in decreases in the fair value of interest-earning assets, which could adversely affect the Company’s consolidated results of operations in the event they were to be sold, or, in the case of interest-earning assets classified as available-for-sale, reduce the Company’s consolidated stockholders’ equity, if retained. The changes in the value of assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates measure the interest rate sensitivity of those assets and liabilities.

In order to measure the Company’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates, EVE is calculated under market interest rates prevailing at a given quarter-end (“Pre-Shock Scenario”), and under various other interest rate scenarios (“Rate Shock Scenarios”) representing immediate, permanent, parallel shifts in the term structure of interest rates from the actual term structure observed in the Pre-Shock Scenario, with this shift occurring equally across all points on the yield curve. An increase in the EVE is considered favorable, while a decline is considered unfavorable. The changes in EVE between the Pre-Shock Scenario and various Rate Shock Scenarios due to fluctuations in interest rates reflect the interest rate sensitivity of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet items that are included in the EVE. Management reports the EVE results to the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. The report compares the Company’s estimated Pre-Shock Scenario EVE to the estimated EVE calculated under the various Rate Shock Scenarios.

The Company’s valuation model makes various estimates regarding cash flows from principal repayments on loans and deposit decay rates at each level of interest rate change. The Company’s estimates for loan repayment levels are influenced by the recent history of prepayment activity in its loan portfolio, as well as the interest rate composition of the existing portfolio, especially in relation to the existing interest rate environment. Regarding deposit decay rates, the Company tracks and analyzes the decay rate of its deposits over time, with the assistance of a reputable third-party, and over various interest rate scenarios. Such results are utilized in determining estimates of deposit decay rates in the valuation model. The Company also generates a series of spot discount rates that are integral to the valuation of the projected monthly cash flows of its assets and liabilities. The valuation model employs discount rates that it considers representative of prevailing market rates of interest with appropriate adjustments it believes are suited to the heterogeneous characteristics of the Company’s various asset and liability portfolios. No matter the care and precision with which the estimates are derived, actual cash flows could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates resulting in significantly different EVE calculations.

The analysis that follows presents, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the estimated EVE at both the Pre-Shock Scenario and the -200 Basis Point, -100 Basis Point, +100 Basis Point, and +200 Basis Point Rate Shock Scenarios.