Kemper KMPR Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2023

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss for the Three Months Ended March31,#i97e6ebc8a592437ea3f240da2ba0059a_192023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of ComprehensiveLossfor the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 5

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited) 6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 7

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 9

Notes to theCondensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 10

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 42

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 68

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 68

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings 68

Item 1A. Risk Factors 68

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 68

Item 1. Financial Statements

1As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

1As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

1As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

1As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

1As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

1As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Kemper Corporation (“Kemper”) and its subsidiaries which include property and casualty, life subsidiaries and a health subsidiary through the date of its sale of December 1, 2022 (collectively referred to herein as the “Company”).

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) on a basis consistent with reporting interim financial information pursuant to the rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC and include the accounts of Kemper Corporation and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Certain financial information that is included in annual financial statements, including certain financial statement footnote disclosures, prepared in accordance with GAAP is not required by the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting and has been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements requires significant management estimates. Due to this factor and other factors, such as the seasonal nature of some portions of the insurance business, annualizing the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 would not necessarily be indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Kemper’s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2022 except for Note 6 “Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits”, Note 7 “Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs”, Note 12 ”Other Comprehensive Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss” and Note 15 “Policyholder Obligations” which were impacted due to the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-12 Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.

Adoption of New Accounting Guidance

The Company has adopted all recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates prior to January 1, 2023. Other than discussed below, there were no adoptions of such accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that had a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Guidance Adopted in 2023

The Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ASU 2018-12 for the liability for future policyholder benefits and deferred acquisition costs on a modified retrospective basis as of January 1, 2023, such that those balances were adjusted to conform to ASU 2018-12 on January 1, 2021.

The new standard requires cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policyholder benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited pay long-duration contracts be updated at least annually with the recognition and remeasurement recorded in net income. It also requires the discount rate used in measuring the liability to be an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, which is to be updated at each reporting period, and recognized in other comprehensive income. ASU 2018-12 also simplifies the amortization of deferred acquisition costs to a constant level basis over the expected term of the contract, requires all market risk benefits to be measured at fair value, and enhances certain presentation and disclosure requirements, as discussed in Notes 6 and 7.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-12, beginning retained earnings was reduced by $25.1 million and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) reduced by $1,030.3 million as of January 1, 2021.

The table below presents the transition adjustment for the adoption of ASU 2018-12:

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (Continued)

For the liability for future policyholder benefits, the net transition adjustment is related to the difference in the historical discount rates used pre-transition and the discount rate at December 31, 2020. At transition, there were no adjustments related to premium deficiencies, as the balance is only applicable to Kemper’s universal life contracts which are stated at account value.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (Continued)

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:

Guidance Not Yet Adopted

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, which expands the use of the proportional amortization method of accounting to equity investments in other tax credit structures that meet certain criteria. The proportional amortization method results in the tax credit investment being amortized in proportion to the allocation of tax credits and other tax benefits in each period, and a net presentation within the income tax line item. ASU 2023-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is currently evaluating impact of this guidance on its financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies Related to ASU 2018-12

The below outlines those significant accounting policies related to ASU 2018-12 that are effective January 1, 2023.

Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits

A liability for future policyholder benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and certain related expenses less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued as premium revenue is recognized. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that include discount rate, mortality, lapses and expenses. These current assumptions are based on judgments that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors.

The liability is adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. Each quarter, the Company reviews and updates its estimate of cash flows expected over the lifetime of a group of contracts using actual historical experience and current future cash flow assumptions to calculate its revised net premium ratio. The revised net premium ratios are then used to calculate an updated liability for future policyholder benefits for the current reporting period, discounted at the original contract issuance discount rate. The Company has elected to use expense assumptions that are locked in at contract inception and are not subsequently reviewed or updated. Resulting changes in the liability due to differences in actual versus expected experience, changes in current cash flow assumptions, and prefunding and payout of benefits compared to the carrying amount of the liability as of that same date are recorded as a separate component of benefit expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.

The current discount rate assumption is an equivalent spot rate curve of annually compounded rates at monthly increments that is derived based on A-credit rated fixed-income instruments reflecting the duration characteristics of the liability. The Company utilizes published corporate yield curves from Bloomberg’s BVAL Investment Grade Corporate Sector curve. The current

discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the maximum observable point on the yield curve, the underlying yield curve is held constant.

Deferred Profit Liability

For limited-payment products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). Gross premiums are measured using assumptions consistent with those used in the measurement of the liability for future policyholder benefits, including discount rate, mortality, lapses, and expenses.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (Continued)

The DPL is amortized and recognized as premium revenue in proportion to insurance in force for nonparticipating limited-payment contracts. Interest is accreted on the balance of the DPL using the discount rate determined at contract issuance. The Company reviews and updates its estimates of cash flows for the DPL at the same time as the estimates of cash flows for the liability for future policyholder benefits. When cash flows are updated, the updated estimates are used to recalculate the DPL at contract issuance. The recalculated DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period is compared to the carrying amount of the DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period, and any difference is recognized as either an increase or decrease to Earned Premiums.

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

Deferred costs are grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability. These deferred costs are amortized on a constant level basis for grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. The expected term of the contract used for amortization is determined using mortality and termination assumptions that are based on the Company’s experience, industry data, and other factors and are consistent with those used for the liability for future policyholder benefits. If those projected assumptions change in future periods, they will be reflected in the straight-line amortization horizon at that time. Unexpected terminations, due to higher mortality and termination experience than expected, are recognized in the current period as a reduction of the capitalized balances. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs is included in Insurance Expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.

Note 2 - Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share

The Company’s awards of deferred stock units granted to Kemper’s non-employee directors prior to 2019 contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents and participate in the undistributed earnings with common shareholders. Accordingly, the Company is required to apply the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings per share.

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of Basic Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share and Diluted Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

Note 3 - Dispositions

Disposition of Reserve National Insurance Company

In July 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell Reserve National Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Reserve National”) to Medical Mutual of Ohio, for approximately $90.0 million in total consideration. The sale closed on December 1, 2022 and a loss of $1.6 million, net of income tax, was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022. Subsequent adjustments to this purchase price could occur pursuant to the definitive agreement but

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 - Dispositions (Continued)

are not expected to be material. The Company reported Reserve National’s results of operations in the Life & Health Insurance segment through December 1, 2022.

Note 4 - Business Segments

The Company is engaged, through its subsidiaries, in the property and casualty insurance and life insurance businesses. The Company conducts its operations through three operating segments: Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance, Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance, and Life & Health Insurance.

The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s principal products are specialty automobile insurance and commercial automobile insurance. The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s principal products are preferred automobile insurance, homeowners insurance and other personal insurance. These products are distributed primarily through independent agents and brokers. The Life & Health Insurance segment’s principal products are individual life, accident, supplemental health and property insurance. These products are distributed by career agents employed by the Company.

Earned Premiums by product line for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 4 - Business Segments (Continued)

Segment Revenues, including a reconciliation to Total Revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 4 - Business Segments (Continued)

Segment Operating Income (Loss), including a reconciliation to Loss before Income Taxes, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was:

Segment Net Operating Income (Loss), including a reconciliation to Net Loss, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was:

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 5 - Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves

Property and casualty insurance reserve activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was:

Property and casualty insurance reserves are estimated based on historical experience patterns and current economic trends. Actual loss experience and loss trends are likely to differ from these historical experience patterns and economic conditions. Loss experience and loss trends emerge over several years from the dates of loss inception. The Company monitors such emerging loss trends on a quarterly basis. Changes in such estimates are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss in the period of change.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company increased its property and casualty insurance reserves by $41.9 million to recognize adverse development of loss and LAE reserves from prior accident years. Specialty personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $22.9 million due primarily to higher than expected emergence in loss patterns related to third and fourth accident quarters of 2022 within the bodily injury and physical damage coverages. Commercial automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $8.2 million due to higher than expected emergence in loss patterns related to 2021 and 2022 bodily injury coverages. Preferred personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $3.4 million due to higher than expected emergence in loss patterns related to the third and fourth accident quarters of 2022 within the physical damage coverages. Homeowners loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $5.5 million. Other lines loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $1.9 million due to higher than expected loss patterns related to fourth quarter 2022 non-weather and weather related losses.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company decreased its property and casualty insurance reserves by $2.7 million to recognize favorable development of loss and LAE reserves from prior accident years. Specialty personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $8.3 million due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected for liability and physical damage insurance. Commercial automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $5.2 million due primarily to the emergence of more adverse loss patterns than expected for liability insurance. Preferred personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $1.6 million due primarily to the emergence of more adverse loss patterns than expected for liability insurance. Homeowners loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $4.4 million due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected. Other lines loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $3.2 million due primarily to the emergence of more adverse loss patterns than expected for prior accident years.

The Company cannot predict whether loss and LAE reserves will develop favorably or adversely from the amounts reported in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes that any such development will not have

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 5 - Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves (Continued)

a material effect on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity, but could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial results for a given period.

Receivables from Policyholders - Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

The following table presents receivables from policyholders, net of the allowance for expected credit losses including a rollforward of changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table presents receivables from policyholders, net of the allowance for expected credit losses including a rollforward of changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 6 - Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits

The following tables summarize balances and changes in the present value of expected net premiums, present value of expected future policyholder benefits and net liability for future policyholder benefits as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022:

The weighted-average liability duration of the liability for future policyholder benefits as calculated under current rates is as follows:

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 6 - Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits (Continued)

The reconciliation of the net liability for future policyholder benefits to Life and Health Insurance Reserves in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

1Other primarily consists of Accident and Health and Universal Life reserves

The amounts of expected undiscounted future benefit payments, expected undiscounted future gross premiums and expected discounted future gross premiums, were as follows:

The amount of revenue and interest recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss is as follows:

The weighted-average interest rate is as follows:

Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the liability for future policyholder benefits for term life, permanent limited pay, permanent recurring pay, and guaranteed issue products include mortality, lapses, and discount rates (both accretion and current). In the first quarter of 2023, the Company reviewed all significant assumptions and did not make any changes to mortality and lapse assumptions as actual experience for mortality and lapse across these products was materially consistent with the underlying assumptions. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated from December 31, 2022.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 7 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

The following table presents the balances and changes in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs for the Life and Health and Property and Casualty business for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Costs directly associated with the successful acquisition of business, principally commissions and certain premium taxes and policy issuance costs, are deferred. Costs deferred on property and casualty insurance contracts are amortized over the period in which premiums are earned. Costs deferred on traditional life insurance products and other long-duration insurance contracts are amortized on a constant level basis over the expected life of the contracts in accordance with the assumptions used to estimate the liability for future policyholder benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts. The underlying assumptions for deferred policy acquisition costs and the liability for future policyholder benefits were updated concurrently.

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company did not make any changes to future assumptions.

Note 8 - Investments

Fixed Maturities

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2023 were:

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 - Investments (Continued)

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2022 were:

Other Receivables included $11.4 million and $5.8 million of unsettled sales of Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities included unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities of $3.7 million and $25.9 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity were:

The expected maturities of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Investments in Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date at March 31, 2023 consisted of securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $259.6 million, securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $97.5 million, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $67.9 million, and securities issued by other non-governmental issuers with a fair value of $1,287.0 million.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 - Investments (Continued)

An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2023 is presented below.

Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $753.7 million and below-investment-grade Fixed Maturity Investments comprised $31.4 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at March 31, 2023. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 11.3% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.

An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2022 is presented below.

Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $904.0 million and below-investment-grade Fixed Maturity Investments comprised $32.8 million of the unrealized losses on Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2022. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 11% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 - Investments (Continued)

Fixed Maturities - Expected Credit Losses

The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Equity Securities at Fair Value

Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value were $243.6 million and $243.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net unrealized gains arising during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and recognized in earnings, related to such investments still held as of March 31, 2023, were $4.4 million.

There were no unsettled purchases of Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value at March 31, 2023. There were no unsettled purchases of Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value at December 31, 2022. There were no unsettled sales of Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Equity Method Limited Liability Investments

Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investments in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the investment entity.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at March 31, 2023 is limited to the total carrying value of $218.7 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $96.4 million to fund Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at March 31, 2023. At March 31, 2023, 2.0% of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments were reported without a reporting lag. Of the total carrying value, 5.6% was reported with a one month lag and the remainder was reported with more than a one month lag.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 - Investments (Continued)

There were no unsettled purchases of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. There were $29.9 million and $35.2 million unsettled sales of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unsettled sales of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are carried within Other Receivables on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Alternative Energy Partnership Investments

Alternative Energy Partnership Investments include partnerships formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers for a fixed period of time. The Hypothetical Liquidation Book Value (“HLBV”) equity method of accounting is used for the Company’s investments in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at March 31, 2023 is limited to the total carrying value of $17.0 million. The Company had no outstanding commitments to fund Alternative Energy Partnership Investments as of March 31, 2023. Alternative Energy Partnership Investments are reported on a three month lag.

Loans to Policyholders

Loans to Policyholders represents funds loaned to policyholders up to the cash surrender value of the associated insurance policies and are carried at the unpaid principal balances due to the Company from the policyholders. Interest income on policy loans is recognized in Net Investment Income at the contract interest rate when earned. Policy loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the associated insurance policies.

The carrying values of the Company’s Loans to Policyholders at Unpaid Principal investment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $283.1 million and $283.4 million, respectively.

Other Investments

The carrying values of the Company’s Other Investments at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were:

The Company performs a qualitative impairment analysis on a quarterly basis consisting of various factors such as earnings performance, current market conditions, changes in credit ratings, changes in the regulatory environment and other factors. If the qualitative analysis identifies the presence of impairment indicators, the Company estimates the fair value of the investment. If the estimated fair value is below the carrying value, the Company records an impairment in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. When the Company identifies observable transactions of the same or similar securities to those held by the Company, the Company increases or decreases the carrying value to the observable transaction price. The Company did not recognize any changes in carrying value due to observable transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company did not recognize any impairment on Equity Securities at Modified Cost for three months ended March 31, 2023 as a result of the Company’s impairment analysis. The Company recognized no cumulative increases or decreases in the carrying value due to observable transactions and $9.6 million of cumulative impairments on Equity Securities at Modified Cost held as of March 31, 2023.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 - Investments (Continued)

Net Investment Income

Net Investment Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was:

Gross gains and losses on sales of investments in fixed maturities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

Note 9 - Derivatives

The Company’s earnings, cash flows, and financial position are subject to fluctuations due to changes in prevailing interest rates. From time to time, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to reduce fluctuations of earnings related to interest rate exposure.

The Company entered into derivative agreements with maturity dates throughout 2023. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are presented within Other Investments and those in a loss position are included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities. Changes in the fair values of derivatives are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss within Net Realized Investment Gains or Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss along with the corresponding change in the designated hedge assets.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 9 - Derivatives (Continued)

Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s debt securities valuations utilize the Treasury designated benchmark rate, exposing the Company to variability due to changes in interest rates.

Interest Swap Lock

The Company entered into an interest swap lock agreement in the third quarter of 2022 classified as cash flow hedges to manage exposure to changes in future purchase prices of fixed maturity securities attributable to changes in the benchmark (Treasury) interest rate. The Company assesses the effectiveness of cash flow hedges using the hypothetical derivative method. Based on the results of the assessment, the hedge was determined to be effective. The interest swap lock agreement was closed out in the first quarter of 2023.

Ultra-Long Treasury Futures

During 2023, the Company entered into two transactions of exchange-traded ultra-long Treasury futures (“Treasury Futures”) in order to manage exposure to upcoming changes in the benchmark (Treasury) interest rate of forecasted transactions. These derivatives expire quarterly, with the longest future transaction being executed in 2024. A portion of the futures qualified for hedge accounting as a cash flow hedge. The remaining futures did not qualify for hedge accounting. The results are shown in the Treasury Futures section below.

Reverse Treasury Lock

During 2022 the Company entered into a Reverse Treasury Lock agreement to manage reinvestment risk on future purchases of fixed maturity securities. The Reverse Treasury Lock agreement did not qualify for hedge accounting and matured in the first quarter of 2023. The results are shown in the Reverse Treasury Lock section below.

Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives

The following table presents the derivative instruments, primary underlying risk exposure, gross notional amount, and estimated fair value of the Company’s derivatives:

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements

The Company classifies its Investments in Fixed Maturities as available-for-sale and reports these investments at fair value. The Company reports equity investments with readily determinable fair values as Equity Securities at Fair Value. Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient are not required to be classified using the fair value hierarchy, but are presented in the following two tables to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The valuation of assets measured at fair value in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2023 is summarized below. The Company has no material liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The valuation of assets measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022 is summarized below.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 1 primarily consist of U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value that are classified as Level 1 consist of either investments in publicly-traded common stocks or exchange traded funds. The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of investments in corporate bonds, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized loan obligations, and mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government agencies. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of investments in preferred stocks. The Company’s Derivative Instruments Designated as Fair Value Hedges that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of hedges against the Company’s available for sale debt securities portfolio. The Company uses a leading, nationally recognized provider of market data and analytics to price the vast majority of the Company’s Level 2 measurements. The provider utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. Because many fixed maturity securities do not trade on a daily basis, the provider’s evaluated pricing applications apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing to prepare evaluations. In addition, the provider uses model processes to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios. The pricing provider’s models and processes also take into account market convention. For each asset class, teams of its evaluators gather information from market sources and integrate relevant credit information, perceived market movements and sector news into the evaluated pricing applications and models. The Company generally validates the measurements obtained from its primary pricing provider by comparing them with measurements obtained from one additional pricing provider that provides either prices from recent market transactions, quotes in inactive markets or evaluations based on its own proprietary models.

The Company investigates significant differences related to the values provided. On completion of its investigation, management exercises judgment to determine the price selected and whether adjustments, if any, to the price obtained from the Company’s primary pricing provider would warrant classification of the price as Level 3. In instances where a measurement cannot be obtained from either pricing provider, the Company generally will evaluate bid prices from one or more binding quotes obtained from market makers to value investments in inactive markets and classified by the Company as Level 2. The Company generally classifies securities when it receives non-binding quotes or indications as Level 3 securities unless the Company can validate the quote or indication against recent transactions in the market.

The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments in corporate securities classified as Level 3 at March 31, 2023.

The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments in corporate securities classified as Level 3 at December 31, 2022.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

For an investment in a fixed maturity security, an increase in the yield used to determine the fair value of the security will decrease the fair value of the security. A decrease in the yield used to determine fair value will increase the fair value of the security, but for callable securities the fair value increase is generally limited to par, unless security is currently callable at a premium.

Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is presented below.

The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due primarily to changes in the availability of market observable inputs.

Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is presented below.

The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The table below shows investments reported at fair value using NAV and their unfunded commitments by asset class as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

At March 31, 2023, the Company had unfunded commitments to invest an additional $196.9 million in certain limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships that will be included in Other Equity Interests and Equity Method Limited Liability Investments if funded.

The fund investments included above (excluding Hedge Funds) are not redeemable, because distributions from the funds will be received when underlying investments of the funds are liquidated. The funds are generally expected to have approximately 10 year lives at their inception, but these lives may be extended at the fund manager’s discretion, typically in one or two-year increments.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The hedge fund investments included above, which are carried at fair value, are generally redeemable subject to the redemption notices period. The majority of the hedge fund investments are redeemable monthly or quarterly.

The following table includes information related to the Company’s investments in certain private equity funds or hedge funds that calculate a net asset value per share:

Asset Class Investment Category Includes

Mezzanine Debt Funds with investments in junior or subordinated debt and potentially minority equity securities issued by private companies.

Senior Debt Funds with investments in senior or first lien debt and potentially minority equity securities typically issued by private companies.

Distressed Debt Funds with debt or minority equity investments that are made opportunistically in companies that are in or near default or under financial strain with potential to have an active role in restructuring company.

Secondary Transactions Funds that focus on purchasing third party fund interests from investors seeking liquidity within their own portfolio.

Hedge Fund Funds that focus primarily on investing in public securities with strategy of generating uncorrelated returns to the public markets.

Leveraged Buyout Funds with control equity investments in more mature, positive cash flowing, private companies that are typically purchased with the use of financial leverage.

Growth Equity Funds that invest in early or venture stage companies with high growth potential with view towards generating realizations through sale or initial public offering (“IPO”) of company.

Real Estate Funds with investments in multi-family housing properties.

Other Consists of direct investments of preferred equity or minority common equity investments into private companies structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies.

Presented below are the carrying values and fair value estimates of financial instruments not carried at fair value.

Loans to policyholders are carried at unpaid principal balance which approximates fair value and are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The nature of policy loans is to have a negligible default risk as the loans are fully collateralized by the value of the policy. Policy loans do not have a stated maturity and the balances and accrued interest are repaid either by the policyholder or with proceeds from the policy. Due to the collateralized nature of policy loans and unpredictable timing of payments, the Company believes the carrying value of policy loans approximates fair value. The fair value measurement of Short-term Investments is estimated using inputs that are considered either Level 1 or Level 2 measurements. The Mortgage Loans fair value measurement is considered equal to amortized cost given the short-term nature of the investments. The fair value measurement of Equity Securities at Modified Cost is estimated using inputs that are considered Level 3 measurements. The cash surrender value of Company-Owned Life Insurance approximates fair value and is considered to be a Level 2 investment. The fair value of Long-term Debt is estimated using quoted prices for similar liabilities in markets that are not active. The inputs used in the valuation are considered Level 2 measurements. Policyholder Obligations presented in the

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

preceding table consist of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“ FHLB”) of Chicago, and the inputs used in the valuation are considered Level 2 measurements.

Note 11 - Variable Interest Entities

The Company invests in an Alternative Energy Partnership formed to provide sustainable energy projects that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits. This entity was formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers.

The Company’s interest in the Alternative Energy Partnership Investment is considered an investment in a variable interest entity (“VIE”). To determine whether the investment should be consolidated in the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company evaluates whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is the party that has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and therefore is not required to consolidate the VIE. The project sponsor governs the entity and the Company only has consent rights that have been deemed protective in nature and does not participate in key economic decisions of the entity.

The investment is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and included in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company uses the HLBV equity method to account for earnings and losses. This method provides an earnings allocation that appropriately reflects the substantive economics of the investment. Earnings and losses on the investment are reported in Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments and investment tax credits are recognized in Income Tax (Expense) Benefit on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.

The following table presents information regarding activity in the Company’s Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table represents the carrying value of the associated assets and liabilities and the associated maximum loss exposure of the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company’s maximum loss exposure in the event that all of the assets in the Alternative Energy Partnership are deemed worthless is $17.0 million and $16.3 million, which is the carrying value of the investment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 12 - Other Comprehensive Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The tables below display the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss shown above are reported in Net Loss as follows:

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Consolidated Statements of Income Line Item Affected by Reclassifications

Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments and Net Unrealized Losses on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) and Impairment Losses

Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Insurance Expenses, and Interest and Other Expenses

Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges Interest and Other Expenses

Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits Not applicable

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 13 - Shareholders’ Equity

Common Stock Repurchases

On May 6, 2020, Kemper’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $200.0 million of Kemper’s common stock, in addition to $133.3 million remaining under the August 6, 2014 authorization, bringing the remaining share repurchase authorization to approximately $333.3 million. As of March 31, 2023, the remaining share repurchase authorization was $171.6 million under the repurchase program.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, Kemper did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company issued approximately 18,000 and 22,000 shares under the Kemper Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) at an average discounted price of $46.46 and $48.06 per share. Compensation costs charged against income was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 14 - Pension Benefits and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions

The Company sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) that covers approximately 3,100 participants and beneficiaries. Effective January 1, 2006, the Pension Plan was closed to new hires and, effective June 30, 2016, benefit accruals were frozen for substantially all of the participants under the Pension Plan. The Pension Plan is generally non-contributory, but participation requires or required some employees to contribute 3% of pay, as defined, per year. Benefits for participants who are or were required to contribute to the Pension Plan are based on compensation during plan participation and the number of years of participation. Benefits for the vast majority of participants who are not required to contribute to the Pension Plan are based on years of service and final average pay, as defined. The Company funds the Pension Plan in accordance with the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”).

The components of Pension Expense for the Pension Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

The Company sponsors two other than pension postretirement benefit (“OPEB”) plans (together the “OPEB Plans”) that together provide medical, dental and/or life insurance benefits to approximately 400 retired and 500 active employees.

The components of OPEB Benefit for the OPEB Plans for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

The non-service cost components of the Pension Plan and OPEB Plans are presented within the Interest and Other Expenses line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 15 - Policyholder Obligations

Policyholder Obligations at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

FHLB Funding Agreements

Kemper’s subsidiary, United Insurance Company of America (“United Insurance”) has entered into funding agreements with the FHLB of Chicago in exchange for cash, which it uses for spread lending purposes. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, United Insurance received advances of $89.1 million from the FHLB of Chicago and made repayments of $89.1 million under the spread lending program.

When a funding agreement is issued, United Insurance is then required to post collateral in the form of eligible securities including mortgage-backed, government, and agency debt instruments for each of the advances that are entered. The fair value of the collateral pledged must be maintained at certain specified levels above the borrowed amount, which can vary depending on the assets pledged. If the fair value of the collateral declines below these specified levels of the amount borrowed, United Insurance would be required to pledge additional collateral or repay outstanding borrowings. Upon any event of default by United Insurance, the FHLB’s recovery on the collateral is limited to the amount of United Insurance’s liability under the funding agreements to the FHLB of Chicago.

United Insurance’s liability under the funding agreements with the FHLB of Chicago, the amount of collateral pledged under such agreements and FHLB of Chicago common stock owned by United Insurance at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below.

Universal Life-type Policyholder Account Balances

The Company’s weighted-average crediting rate for Universal Life-type Policyholder Account Balances was 5.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. Guaranteed minimum benefit amounts in excess of the current account balances for these contracts were $306.8 million and $311.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The cash surrender value of the Company’s policyholder obligations for these contracts were $100.0 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 16 - Debt

Amended and Extended Credit Agreement

On March 15, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and extended credit agreement. The amended and extended credit agreement increased the borrowing capacity of the existing unsecured credit agreement to $600.0 million and extended the maturity date to March 15, 2027. Furthermore, the amended and extended credit agreement provides for an accordion feature whereby the Company can increase the revolving credit borrowing capacity by an additional $200.0 million for a total maximum capacity of $800.0 million.

Financial covenants within the agreement limit the Company from accessing the maximum capacity. The amount available as of March 31, 2023 was $520.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement at either March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 16 - Debt (Continued)

Long-term Debt

The Company designates debt obligations as either short-term or long-term based on maturity date at issuance, or in the case of the 2022 Senior Notes, based on the date of assumption.

Total amortized cost of Long-term Debt outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was:

4.350% Senior Notes Due 2025

Kemper has $450.0 million aggregate principal of 4.350% senior notes due February 15, 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”). Kemper initially issued $250.0 million of the notes in February of 2015 and issued an additional $200.0 million of the notes in June of 2017. The additional notes are fungible with the initial notes issued in 2015, and together are treated as part of a single series for all purposes under the indenture governing the 2025 Senior Notes. The 2025 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time at Kemper’s option at specified redemption prices.

2.400% Senior Notes Due 2030

Kemper has $400.0 million aggregate principal of 2.400% senior notes due September 30, 2030 (the “2030 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of issuance were $395.8 million, net of discount and transaction costs for an effective yield of 2.52%. The 2030 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at Kemper’s option, at specified redemption prices.

3.800% Senior Notes Due 2032

On February 15, 2022, Kemper offered and sold $400.0 million aggregate principal of 3.800% senior notes due February 23, 2032 (the “2032 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of issuance were $395.1 million, net of discount and transaction costs for an effective yield of 3.950%. The 2032 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at Kemper’s option, at specified redemption prices.

In anticipation of the issuance of the 2032 Senior Notes and for risk management purposes, the Company entered into a derivative transaction to hedge the risk of changes in the debt cash flows attributable to changes in the benchmark U.S. Treasury interest rate during the period leading up to the debt issuance (“Treasury Lock”). The effective portion of the gain on the derivative instrument upon discontinuance was $5.9 million before taxes, and is reported as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). Beginning with the issuance of the 2032 Senior Notes described in the preceding paragraph, such gain is being amortized into earnings and reported in Interest and Other Expenses in the same periods that the hedged items affect earnings. Amortization, reported in Interest and Other Expenses, was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company expects to reclassify $0.5 million of net gain on derivative instruments from AOCI to earnings for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 as interest expense on the debt is recognized.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 16 - Debt (Continued)

5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2062

On March 10, 2022, Kemper issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures due March 15, 2062 (the “2062 Junior Debentures”). The net proceeds from issuance were $144.7 million, net of discount and transaction costs. The 2062 Junior Debentures will bear interest from and including the date

of original issue to, but excluding, March 15, 2027 (the “First Reset Date”) at the fixed rate of 5.875% per annum. The interest rate on the First Reset Date, and subsequent Reset Dates, will be equal to the Five-Year Treasury Rate as of the most recent Reset Date plus 4.140% to be reset on each Reset Date. Interest is due quarterly in arrears beginning on June 15, 2022. The Company has the option to defer interest payments for one or more optional deferral periods of up to five consecutive years, provided that no optional deferral period shall extend beyond March 15, 2062, or any earlier accelerated maturity date arising from an event of default or any earlier redemption of the 2062 Junior Debentures.

The 2062 Junior Debentures are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole or in part on the First Reset Date or any time thereafter, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount of the debentures being redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

Short-term Debt

Kemper’s subsidiaries, United Insurance, Trinity Universal Insurance Company (“Trinity”) and American Access Casualty Company (“AAC”), are members of the FHLBs of Chicago, Dallas and Chicago respectively. Alliance United Insurance Company (“Alliance”) was a member of the FHLB of San Francisco until it surrendered all California licenses on January 30, 2023 and ceased to exist as an insurance company. As a requirement of membership in the FHLBs, United Insurance, Trinity, and AAC maintain a certain level of investment in FHLB stock. The Company periodically uses short-term FHLB borrowings for a combination of cash management and risk management purposes, in addition to long-term FHLB borrowings for spread lending purposes. There were no short-term debt advances from the FHLBs of Chicago or Dallas outstanding at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. For information on United Insurance’s funding agreement with the FHLB of Chicago in connection with the spread lending program, see Note 15, “Policyholder Obligations,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Expense and Interest Paid

Interest Expense, including facility fees, accretion of discount, amortization of premium and amortization of issuance costs, was $14.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Interest paid, including facility fees, was $24.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Interest Expense, including facility fees, accretion of discount and amortization of issuance costs, was $12.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Interest paid, including facility fees, was $22.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Note 17 - Leases

The Company leases certain office space under non-cancelable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging from one to fifteen years, along with options that permit renewals for additional periods. The Company also leases certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging from one to five years. Minimum rent is expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The following table presents operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 17 - Leases (Continued)

Lease expenses are primarily included in Insurance Expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss. Additional information regarding the Company’s lease cost is presented below.

(1) - Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Other Information on Operating Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

As of March 31, 2023, the Company does not have any finance leases.

Significant judgments and assumptions for determining lease asset and liability at March 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below.

Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate. Accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of its lease payments.

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 17 - Leases (Continued)

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases at March 31, 2023 are presented below. There are no significant future minimum lease payments under finance leases.

Note 18 - Income Taxes

The statute of limitations related to Kemper and its eligible subsidiaries’ consolidated Federal income tax returns is closed for all tax years up to and including 2011 as well as 2018. As a result of the Company filing amended federal income tax returns, tax years 2012 and 2013 are under limited examination with respect to carry-back adjustments associated with the amended returns. The statute of limitations related to tax years 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 has been extended to December 31, 2023. Tax years 2019, 2020 and 2021 are subject to a statute of three years from the extended due dates of October 15, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.

The expiration of the statute of limitations related to the various state income tax returns that Kemper and its subsidiaries file varies by state.

There were no Unrecognized Tax Benefits at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income Tax Benefit.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, federal income tax refunds received, net of income taxes paid, were $124.7 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, federal income taxes paid, net of refunds received, were $0.1 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, state income tax refunds, net of income taxes paid, were negligible. There were no foreign income taxes paid or refunds received for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 19 - Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of its businesses, the Company is involved in legal proceedings including lawsuits, arbitration, regulatory examinations, audits and inquiries. Based on currently available information, the Company does not believe that it is reasonably possible that any of its pending legal proceedings will have a material effect on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Summary of Results

As discussed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies”, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-12, “Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts and related amendments” (“LDTI”) under the modified retrospective method. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. Related financial data shown in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also have been adjusted.

Net Loss was $80.1 million ($(1.25) per unrestricted common share) for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to Net Loss of $86.3 million ($(1.36) per unrestricted common share) for the same period in 2022.

A reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Income (Loss) (a non-GAAP financial measure) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

Net Loss

Net Loss decreased by $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to increased income from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible securities, partially offset by increases in Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs. Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss increased by $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher Segment Insurance Net Operating Losses in the Specialty and Preferred Property & Casualty Segments, partially offset by higher net income in the Life and Health Insurance Segment.

See “Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance,” “Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance” and “Life & Health Insurance,” for discussion of each respective segment’s results. Corporate and Other Net Operating Loss decreased due primarily to increases in Net Investment Income.

Summary of Results (Continued)

Revenues

Earned Premiums were $1,180.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1,320.0 million for the same period in 2022, a decrease of $139.1 million. Earned Premiums in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $77.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Earned Premiums in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segments decreased by $18.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Earned premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segments decreased by $43.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. See “Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance”, “Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance,” and “ Life & Health Insurance” for discussion of the changes in each segment’s earned premiums.

Net Investment Income increased by $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher rates and levels of investments in Fixed Income Securities and higher rates on Short Term Investments offset by lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and lower balances in Equity Securities.

Gain from the Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to loss of $16.7 million for the same period 2022. Tax expense related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments were $0.3 million and tax benefits of $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This resulted in a net income of $0.4 million and net loss of $9.7 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Other Income was $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $2.4 million for the same period in 2022.

Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments were $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1.5 million for the same period in 2022.

Impairment Gains were $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to an Impairment Loss of $8.9 million for the same period in 2022.

See “Investment Results,” under the sub-captions “Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)” and “Impairment Losses” for additional discussion. The Company cannot predict if or when similar investment gains or losses may occur in the future.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Underlying Losses and LAE and Underlying Combined Ratio

The following discussion of segment results uses the non-GAAP financial measures of (i) Underlying Losses and LAE and (ii) Underlying Combined Ratio. Underlying Losses and LAE (also referred to in the discussion as “Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE”) exclude the impact of catastrophe losses and loss and LAE reserve development from prior years from the Company’s Incurred Losses and LAE, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

The Underlying Combined Ratio is computed by adding the Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio with the Insurance Expense Ratio. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is the Combined Ratio, which is computed by adding Total Incurred Losses and LAE Ratio, including the impact of catastrophe losses and loss and LAE reserve development from prior years, with the Insurance Expense Ratio.

The Company believes Underlying Losses and LAE and the Underlying Combined Ratio are useful to investors and uses these financial measures to reveal the trends in the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment that may be obscured by catastrophe losses and prior-year reserve development. These catastrophe losses may cause the Company’s loss trends to vary significantly between periods as a result of their incidence of occurrence and magnitude and can have a significant impact on incurred losses and LAE and the Combined Ratio. Prior-year reserve developments are caused by unexpected loss development on historical reserves. Because reserve development relates to the re-estimation of losses from earlier periods, it has no bearing on the performance of the Company’s insurance products in the current period. The Company believes it is useful for investors to evaluate these components separately and in the aggregate when reviewing the Company’s underwriting performance.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Continued)

Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating (Loss) Income

Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating (Loss) Income is an after-tax, non-GAAP financial measure and is computed by excluding from Net (Loss) Income the after-tax impact of

(i) (Loss) Income from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities;

(ii) Net Realized Gains or Losses on Sales of Investments;

(iii) Impairment Losses;

(iv) Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs;

(v) Debt Extinguishment, Pension and Other Charges; and

(vi) Significant non-recurring or infrequent items that may not be indicative of ongoing operations

Significant non-recurring items are excluded when (a) the nature of the charge or gain is such that it is reasonably unlikely to recur within two years, and (b) there has been no similar charge or gain within the prior two years. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is Net (Loss) Income. There were no applicable significant non-recurring items that the Company excluded from the calculation of Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating (Loss) Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

The Company believes that Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating (Loss) Income provides investors with a valuable measure of its ongoing performance because it reveals underlying operational performance trends that otherwise might be less apparent if the items were not excluded. (Loss) Income from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities, Net Realized Gains or Losses on Sales of Investments and Impairment Losses related to investments included in the Company’s results may vary significantly between periods and are generally driven by business decisions and external economic developments such as capital market conditions that impact the values of the Company’s investments, the timing of which is unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction Costs, Integration Costs, and Restructuring and Other Costs may vary significantly between periods and are generally driven by the timing of acquisitions and business decisions which are unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Debt Extinguishment, Pension and Other Charges relate to (i) loss from early extinguishment of debt, which is driven by the Company’s financing and refinancing decisions and capital needs, as well as external economic developments such as debt market conditions, the timing of which is unrelated to the insurance underwriting process; (ii) settlement of pension plan obligations which are business decisions made by the Company, the timing of which is unrelated to the underwriting process; and (iii) other charges that are non-standard, not part of the ordinary course of business, and unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Significant non-recurring items are excluded because, by their nature, they are not indicative of the Company’s business or economic trends.

The preceding non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for the comparable GAAP financial measures, as they do not fully recognize the overall profitability of the Company’s businesses.

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance

Selected financial information for the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment follows.

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)

Insurance Reserves

See “Critical Accounting Estimates,” of the 2022 Annual Report for additional information pertaining to the Company’s process of estimating property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE from prior accident years, also referred to as “reserve development” in the discussion of segment results, estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, and a discussion of some of the variables that may impact development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE and the estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE.

Overall

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported a Segment Net Operating Loss of $58.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a Net Operating Loss of $44.7 million for the same period in 2022. Segment net operating losses increased by $13.7 million mostly driven by a $14.4 million decrease in net income from our commercial automobile insurance business due primarily to an increase in the underlying loss ratio from higher claim frequency. The decrease was partially offset by an $0.7 million increase in net income from personal automobile insurance due primarily to higher average earned premiums per exposure resulting from rate increases that were mostly offset by unfavorable prior year loss and LAE development.

Earned Premiums in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $77.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to a decrease in new business resulting from targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability, partially offset by higher average earned premium per exposure from rate increases.

Net Investment Income in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment increased by $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher rates in Fixed Income Securities and Short Term Investments offset by lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and lower balances in Equity Securities.

Income related to the Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a loss of $8.4 million for the same period in 2022. Tax expenses related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a tax benefit of $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This resulted in a net income of $0.3 million and net loss of $4.8 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 87.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an improvement of 1.7 percentage points, compared to the same period in 2022, driven by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases mostly offset by higher claims frequency from commercial automobile insurance. Underlying losses and LAE exclude the impact of catastrophes and loss and LAE reserve development. Unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $31.1 million for the three months ended

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)

March 31, 2023, compared to $3.1 million of favorable development for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $2.1 million for the same period in 2022, a deterioration of $6.3 million.

Insurance Expenses were $193.8 million, or 20.5% of earned premiums, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a deterioration of 1.0 percentage points compared to the same period in 2022.

The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Corporate Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.

Personal Automobile Insurance

Selected financial information for the personal automobile insurance product line follows.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums from personal automobile insurance decreased by $113.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to a decrease in new business driven by targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability, partially offset by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases. Incurred losses and LAE were $728.2 million, or 92.4% of earned premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $821.4 million, or 91.1% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due primarily to unfavorable prior year loss and LAE development, offset by improvement in underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premium. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 88.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 91.8% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 3.3 points. Unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development was $22.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to favorable development of $8.3 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily driven by multiple California weather events, compared to $2.0 million for the same period in 2022.

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)

Commercial Automobile Insurance

Selected financial information for the commercial automobile insurance product line follows.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums from commercial automobile insurance increased by $36.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher volume and higher average earned premium per exposure. Incurred losses and LAE were $136.7 million, or 87.5% of earned premiums in 2023, compared to $89.3 million, or 74.5% of earned premiums in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due primarily to a deterioration in underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums, as well as adverse loss and LAE reserve development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 81.9% in 2023, compared to 70.1% in 2022, a deterioration of 11.8 percentage points due primarily to a higher frequency of bodily injury claims. Severity trends increased due to rising inflation and supply chain constraints. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $5.2 million for the same period in 2022.

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance

Selected financial information for the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment follows.

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)

CATASTROPHE FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY

INSURANCE RESERVES

See “Critical Accounting Estimates,” of the 2022 Annual Report for additional information pertaining to the Company’s process of estimating property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE from prior accident years, also referred to as “reserve development” in the discussion of segment results, estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, and a discussion of some of the variables that may impact development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE and the estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE.

Overall

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported a Segment Net Operating Loss of $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to Segment Net Operating Loss of $6.1 million for the same period in 2022. Segment net operating results decreased by $3.4 million mostly driven by a $6.9 million decrease in net income from homeowners insurance due primarily to higher prior year loss and LAE development and higher levels of catastrophe activity, partially offset by a $3.7 million increase in net income from preferred personal automobile insurance mostly due to higher average earned premiums per exposure from resulting rate increases and lower automobile frequency of claims.

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)

Earned Premiums in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $18.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower personal automobile insurance volumes as a result of ongoing profit improvement actions.

Net Investment Income in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments offset by higher rates in Fixed Income Securities.

Income related to Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a loss of $3.9 million for the same period in 2022. Tax expense related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a tax benefit of $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This resulted in a net income of $0.0 million and net loss of $2.3 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 65.8% and 72.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased as a result of higher average earned premiums per exposure resulting from rate increases and lower frequency of auto claims. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $17.0 million in 2023 primarily driven by California rain events, compared to $11.4 million in 2022, an increase of $5.6 million. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) increased due primarily to an increase in frequency of catastrophic events in 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. There were no catastrophic events above $5 million in 2023 or in the same period in 2022. Unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $9.8 million in 2023, compared to favorable development of $1.1 million in 2022.

Insurance expenses were $43.0 million, or 31.3% of earned premiums in 2023, an improvement of 1.6% percentage points compared to 2022.

The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.

Preferred Personal Automobile Insurance

Selected financial information for the personal automobile insurance product line follows.

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums in preferred personal automobile insurance decreased by $17.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume as a result of ongoing profit improvement actions. Incurred losses and LAE were $67.3 million, or 86.1% of earned premiums, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $82.6 million, or 86.0% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due primarily to an improvement in the underlying loss and LAE ratio, offset by unfavorable prior year development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 80.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 83.8% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 3.5 percentage points due to ongoing profit improvement actions. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe loss reserve development) was $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1.6 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $0.5 million for the same period in 2022.

Homeowners Insurance

Selected financial information for the homeowners insurance product line follows.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums in homeowners insurance increased by $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 driven by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases. Incurred losses and LAE were $44.3 million, or 84.9% of earned premiums, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $33.9 million, or 66.1% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due primarily to higher incurred catastrophe losses (excluding loss reserve development),and unfavorable development on prior year underlying and catastrophe losses and LAE, partially offset by lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 45.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 53.6% for the same period in 2022, a decrease of 7.7 percentage points. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $14.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $10.8 million for the same period in 2022. There were no catastrophic events above $5 million in 2023, or in the same period in 2022. Unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe loss reserve development) was $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to favorable development of $4.4 million for the same period in 2022.

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)

Other Personal Insurance

Other personal insurance products include umbrella, dwelling fire, inland marine, earthquake, boat owners and other liability coverages. Selected financial information for other personal insurance product lines follows.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums in other personal insurance decreased by $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE were $5.6 million, or 80.0% of earned premiums, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $6.0 million, or 72.3% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 54.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 50.6% for the same period in 2022, a deterioration of 3.6 percentage points. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding loss reserve development) were $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2022. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe losses development) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.9 million, compared to $1.7 million for the same period in 2022.

Life & Health Insurance

Selected financial information for the Life & Health Insurance segment follows.

INSURANCE RESERVES

Use of Death Verification Databases

In the third quarter of 2016, the Company’s Life & Health segment voluntarily began implementing a comprehensive process under which it cross-references its life insurance policies against the Death Master File maintained by the Social Security Administration and other death verification databases to identify potential situations where the beneficiaries may not have filed a claim following the death of an insured and initiate an outreach process to identify and contact beneficiaries and settle claims. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 included a pre-tax charge of $77.8 million to recognize the initial impact of using death verification databases in the Company’s operations, including to determine its Incurred But Not Reported (“IBNR”) liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expenses for life insurance products. Subsequently, the Company reduced its estimate of the initial impact of using death verification databases by $30.3 million.

See Note 1 “Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the sub-caption “Insurance Reserves” for additional discussion.

Overall

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Segment Net Operating Income in the Life & Health Insurance segment was $13.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $11.6 million in 2022.

Earned Premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $43.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022 and lower volume on property insurance products.

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)

Net Investment Income increased by $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher rate earned on Fixed Income Securities, offset by lower returns from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and increased investment expenses.

Income related to Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to loss of $4.4 million for the same period in 2022. Tax expenses related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments were $0.1 million and tax benefits of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This resulted in a net income of $0.1 million and net loss of $2.6 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE decreased by $20.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022 and lower current year property non-catastrophe losses and LAE.

Insurance Expenses in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $21.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022, lower commission expense and a reduction in expenses due to lower volume of property insurance products.

The Life & Health Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.

Life Insurance

Selected financial information for the life insurance product line follows.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums from life insurance decreased by $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume of life insurance products and partially offset by increased average premium rate. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE on life insurance were $64.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $60.4 million for the same period in 2022, an increase of $3.7 million due primarily to changes in mortality experience.

Insurance Expenses decreased by $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower commission expense.

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)

Accident and Health Insurance

Selected financial information for the accident and health insurance product line follows.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums from accident and health insurance decreased by $39.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This is due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE on accident and health insurance were $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $23.5 million for the same period in 2022. This is due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022.

Insurance Expenses decreased by $18.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022.

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)

Property Insurance

Selected financial information for the property insurance product line follows.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

Earned Premiums from property insurance decreased by $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume of property insurance products. Incurred losses and LAE on property insurance were $3.8 million, or 33.9% of earned premiums, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $6.0 million, or 42.0% of earned premiums for the same period in 2022. Underlying losses and LAE were $2.2 million, or 19.6% of earned premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $4.1 million, or 28.7% of earned premiums for the same period in 2022, a decrease of 9.1 percentage points due primarily to lower claim frequency and severity. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding loss reserve development) were $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $0.4 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE increased $0.2 million due primarily to both higher frequency of catastrophe claims and higher claim severity. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to an adverse development of $1.5 million in the same period in 2022.

Insurance expenses decreased $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to lower volume of property insurance products.

Investment Results

Net Investment Income

Net Investment Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was:

Net Investment Income was $101.8 million and $100.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net Investment Income increased by $1.8 million in 2023 due primarily to higher rates and levels of investments in Fixed Income Securities and higher rates on Short Term Investments offset by lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and lower balances in Equity Securities.

Income and distributions on Alternative Investments can fluctuate significantly between periods as they are influenced by operating performance of the underlying investments, changes in market or economic conditions or the timing of asset sales.

Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses)

The components of Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

Investment Results (Continued)

Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses) were $190.0 million and $(687.5) million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total Comprehensive Investment Losses decreased by $877.5 million primarily due to an a decrease in the Company’s unrealized loss position on the fixed income bond portfolio.

Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities

The components of Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investment

The components of Net Realized Investment Gains for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

Impairment Gains (Losses)

The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to determine whether a decline in the fair value of an investment has occurred from credit or other, non-credit related factors. If the decline in fair value is due to credit factors and the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to support the entire amortized cost basis, the credit loss is reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss in the period that the declines are evaluated. Conversely, an increase in the fair value or disposal of an investment with a previously established credit allowance will result in the recognition of impairment gain reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss in the period.

Investment Results (Continued)

The components of Impairment Gains (Losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

Investment Quality and Concentrations

The Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio is comprised primarily of high-grade corporate, municipal and agency bonds. At March 31, 2023, 95.9% of the Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio was rated investment-grade, which the Company defines as a security issued by a high quality obligor with at least a relatively stable credit profile and where it is highly likely that all contractual payments of principal and interest will timely occur and carry a rating from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) of 1 or 2. Securities with a rating of 1 or 2 from the NAIC typically are rated by one of more Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations and either have a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”); a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”); or a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from Fitch Ratings.

The following table summarizes the credit quality of the Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in below-investment-grade fixed maturities were $31.4 million and $32.8 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in governmental fixed maturities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Investment Quality and Concentrations (Continued)

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in non-governmental fixed maturities by industry at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in non-governmental fixed maturities by range of amount invested at March 31, 2023.

The Company’s short-term investments primarily consist of money market funds and short term bonds. At March 31, 2023, the Company had $186.9 million invested in money market funds which primarily invest in U.S. Treasury securities and $91.5 million invested in U.S. treasury bills and short-term bonds.

Investment Quality and Concentrations (Continued)

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s ten largest investment exposures in a single issuer, excluding investments in U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities and Short-term Investments, at March 31, 2023:

Investments in Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships

The Company owns investments in various limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships that primarily invest in mezzanine debt, distressed debt, real estate and senior debt. The Company’s investments in these limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships are reported either as Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, Other Equity Interests and included in Equity Securities at Fair Value, or Equity Securities at Modified Cost depending on the accounting method used to report the investment. Additional information pertaining to these investments at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below.

The Company expects that it will be required to fund its commitments over the next several years. The Company expects that the proceeds from distributions from these investments will be the primary source of funding of such commitments.

Insurance, Interest, and Other Expenses

Expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

Insurance Expenses

Insurance Expenses decreased by $35.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to less business being written.

Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt

Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt decreased by $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 due to the redemption of the 2022 Senior Notes.

Interest and Other Expenses

Interest expense increased by $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the addition of the 2032 Senior Notes and the 2062 Junior Debentures.

Other expenses increased by $21.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to increases in restructuring costs of the Company’s operations.

Income Taxes

The federal corporate statutory income tax rate was 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022. The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal corporate income tax rate due primarily to (1) the effects of tax-exempt investment income, (2) nontaxable income associated with the change in cash surrender value on Company-Owned Life Insurance, (3) Alternative Energy Partnership Investment and general business tax credits, (4) a permanent difference between the amount of long-term equity-based compensation expense recognized under GAAP and the amount deductible in the computation of Federal taxable income and (5) a permanent difference associated with nondeductible executive compensation.

The Inflation Reduction Act (H.R. 5376 or the "Law") was signed into law on August 16, 2022, and became generally effective on January 1, 2023. Included in the provisions of the Law are various changes to the tax code, including the establishment of a Corporate Alternative Minimum tax. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the Law and does not expect a material impact. The Company will continue to monitor guidance as it is released by the Internal Revenue Service and United States Treasury.

Income Taxes (Continued)

Tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions collectively were $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $6.3 million for the same period in 2022. The nontaxable increase in cash surrender value on Company-Owned Life Insurance was $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $8.3 million for the same period in 2022. The Company realized net investment tax credit recaptures of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to net investment tax credits of $3.5 million for the same period in 2022. The amount of expense recognized for long-term equity-based compensation expense under GAAP did not differ from the amount that would be deductible under the IRC for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $3.6 million higher for the same period in 2022. The amount of nondeductible executive compensation was $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $3.1 million for the same period in 2022.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has adopted all recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates prior to March 31, 2023.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12. The Company’s adoption of LDTI was effective January 1, 2023 under the modified retrospective transition method. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Other than discussed above, there were no adoptions of such accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that had a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Amended and Extended Credit Agreement

On March 15, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and extended credit agreement. The amended and extended credit agreement increased the borrowing capacity of the existing unsecured credit agreement to $600.0 million and extended the maturity date to March 15, 2027. Furthermore, the amended and extended credit agreement provides for an accordion feature whereby the Company can increase the revolving credit borrowing capacity by and additional $200.0 million for a total of maximum capacity of $800.0 million. Financial covenants within the agreement limit the Company from accessing the maximum capacity. The amount available as of March 31, 2023 was $520.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement at either March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

Long-term Debt

The Company designates debt obligations as either short-term or long-term based on maturity date at issuance, or in the case of the 2022 Senior Notes, based on the date of assumption. Total amortized cost of Long-term Debt outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was:

See Note 16, “Debt,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Company’s long-term debt.

Federal Home Loan Bank Agreements

Kemper’s subsidiaries, United Insurance Company of America (“United Insurance”), Trinity Universal Insurance Company (“Trinity”), and American Access Casualty Company (“AAC”) are members of the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) of Chicago, Dallas and Chicago respectively. Alliance United Insurance Company (“Alliance”) was a member of the FHLB of San Francisco until it surrendered all California licenses on January 30, 2023 and ceased to exist as an insurance company. American Access Casualty Company became a member of the FHLB of Chicago in May 2022. United Insurance and Trinity became members of the FHLBs of Chicago and Dallas, respectively, in 2013. Under their memberships, United Insurance, Trinity and AAC may borrow through the advance program of their respective FHLB. As a requirement of membership in the

Liquidity and Capital Resources (Continued)

FHLB, United Insurance, Trinity and AAC must maintain certain levels of investment in FHLB common stock and additional amounts based on the level of outstanding borrowings. The Company’s investments in FHLB common stock are reported at cost and included in Other Investments. The carrying value of FHLB of Chicago common stock was $17.5 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The carrying value of FHLB of Dallas common stock was $3.5 million and $3.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The carrying value of FHLB of San Francisco common stock was $1.4 million at December 31, 2022. The Company periodically uses short-term FHLB borrowings for a combination of cash management and risk management purposes, in addition to long-term FHLB borrowings for spread lending purposes.

During the first three months of 2023, United Insurance received advances of $89.1 million from the FHLB of Chicago and made repayments of $89.1 million. United Insurance had outstanding advances from the FHLB of Chicago totaling $601.0 million at March 31, 2023. These advances were made in connection with the Company’s spread lending program. The proceeds related to these advances were used to purchase fixed maturity securities to earn incremental net investment income.

With respect to these advances, United Insurance held pledged securities in a custodial account with the FHLB of Chicago with a fair value of $772.9 million at March 31, 2023. The fair value of the collateral pledged must be maintained at certain specified levels above the borrowed amount, which can vary depending on the assets pledged. If the fair value of the collateral declines below these specified levels of the amount borrowed, United Insurance would be required to pledge additional collateral or repay outstanding borrowings. See Note 15, “Policyholder Obligations,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the United Insurance advances and related funding agreements.

Common Stock Repurchases

On May 6, 2020, Kemper’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $200.0 million of Kemper’s common stock, in addition to $133.3 million remaining under the August 6, 2014 authorization, bringing the remaining share repurchase authorization to approximately $333.3 million. As of March 31, 2023 the remaining share repurchase authorization under the repurchase program was $171.6 million. The amount and timing of any future share repurchases under the authorization will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, available liquidity, particular circumstances and other considerations.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, Kemper did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.

Dividends to Shareholders

Kemper paid a quarterly dividend to shareholders of $0.31 per common share in the first quarter of 2023. Dividends and dividend equivalents paid were $19.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Subsidiary Dividends

Various insurance laws restrict the ability of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends without regulatory approval. Such insurance laws generally restrict the amount of dividends paid in an annual period to the greater of statutory net income from the previous year or 10% of statutory capital and surplus. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries collectively did not pay any dividends to Kemper during the first three months of 2023. Kemper estimates that its direct insurance subsidiaries would be able to pay approximately $95.7 million in additional dividends to Kemper during the remainder of 2023 without prior regulatory approval.

Sources and Uses of Funds

Kemper and its direct non-insurance subsidiaries directly held cash and investments totaling $240.6 million at March 31, 2023, compared to $417.6 million at December 31, 2022.

The primary sources of funds available for repayment of Kemper’s indebtedness, repurchases of common stock, future shareholder dividend payments, and the payment of interest on Kemper’s senior notes and term loan, include cash and investments directly held by Kemper, receipt of dividends from Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries and borrowings under the credit agreement and from subsidiaries.

The primary sources of funds for Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are premiums, investment income, proceeds from the sales, and maturity of investments, advances from the FHLBs of Chicago, Dallas and San Francisco, and capital contributions from Kemper. The primary uses of funds are the payment of policyholder benefits under life insurance contracts, claims under

Liquidity and Capital Resources (Continued)

property and casualty insurance contracts and accident and health insurance contracts, the payment of commissions and general expenses, the purchase of investments and repayments of advances from the FHLBs of Chicago, Dallas and San Francisco.

Generally, there is a time lag between when premiums are collected and when policyholder benefits and insurance claims are paid. During periods of growth, property and casualty insurance companies typically experience positive operating cash flows and are able to invest a portion of their operating cash flows to fund future policyholder benefits and claims. During periods in which premium revenues decline, insurance companies may experience negative cash flows from operations and may need to sell investments to fund payments to policyholders and claimants. In addition, if the Company’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries experience several significant catastrophic events over a relatively short period of time, investments may be sold to fund payments, which could result in investment gains or losses. Management believes that its property and casualty insurance subsidiaries maintain adequate levels of liquidity in the event that they were to experience several future catastrophic events over a relatively short period of time.

Information about the Company’s cash flows for three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

Cash available for investment activities in total is dependent on cash flow from Operating Activities and Financing Activities and the level of cash the Company elects to maintain.

Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Net cash provided in Operating Activities was $5.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to net cash used of $18.2 million for the same period in 2022, an increase of $23.4 million. Cash from operating activities increased primarily due to a $124.7 million federal income tax refund that was received in first quarter 2023 and mostly offset by paid losses within the P&C business due to an increase in frequency of claims.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in Investing Activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $138.2 million, compared to cash used of $225.1 million for the same period in 2022, a decrease in cash used of $86.9 million. This was primarily due to a decrease in purchases of Corporate-Owned Life Insurance.

Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash used in Financing Activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $18.8 million, compared to cash provided of $392.4 million for the same period in 2022, decrease of $411.2 million. This was primarily due to a decrease in debt raising activities in 2023.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Kemper’s subsidiaries conduct their operations in two industries: property and casualty insurance and life and health insurance. Accordingly, the Company is subject to several industry-specific accounting principles under GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The process of estimation is inherently uncertain. Accordingly, actual results could ultimately differ materially from the estimated amounts reported in a company’s financial statements. Different assumptions are likely to result in different estimates of reported amounts.

The Company’s critical accounting policies most sensitive to estimates include the valuation of investments, the valuation of reserves for property and casualty insurance incurred losses and LAE, the valuation of liability for future policyholder benefits, the assessment of recoverability of goodwill, the valuation of pension benefit obligations, and the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The Company’s critical accounting policies are described in the MD&A included in the 2022 Annual Report. There have been no material changes to the information disclosed in the 2022 Annual Report with respect to these critical accounting

Critical Accounting Estimates (Continued)

estimates and the Company’s significant accounting policies, other than the addition of significant accounting policies related to the adoption of ASU 2018-12 included in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.