Simulations Plus SLP Form 10-Q filing Q3 FY2026

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Simulations Plus, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Simulations Plus, Inc. (the "Company", "we", "our") was incorporated in California on July 17, 1996. The Company is a global leader and premier provider in the biopharma sector, offering advanced software and consulting services that enhance drug discovery and development, clinical trial operations, and commercialization. The Company supports its clients across the drug development lifecycle from the early discovery through all phases of clinical research and development (“R&D”), including clinical operations, to product commercialization. The Company serves clients as a strategic partner throughout the entire drug development lifecycle, offering solutions that integrate scientific software platforms, artificial intelligence-augmented insights, and expert consulting. We believe this helps to optimize efficiency, costs, and time-to-market for our clients and enhances our competitive position.

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include, among other estimates, assumptions used in the allocation of the transaction price to separate performance obligations, estimates towards the measure of progress of completion on fixed-price service contracts, the determination of fair values and useful lives of both long-lived assets and intangible assets, goodwill, allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable, recoverability of deferred tax assets, recognition of deferred revenue, determination of fair value of equity-based awards, and assumptions used in testing for impairment of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These rules and regulations permit some of the information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, to be condensed or omitted. In management’s opinion, the unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and financial position of the Company for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the interim period ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue primarily from the sale of software licenses and by providing consulting services to the pharmaceutical industry in support of our clients' drug development and commercialization.

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, we determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

i.Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

ii.Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

iii.Determination of the transaction price

iv.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

v.Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

Components of Revenue

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates revenue. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract. Standalone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells its services or goods.

Software Revenues:

Software revenues are primarily derived from the sale of software licenses, which are recognized at the time the software is unlocked and the license term begins. Most licenses are for a duration of one year or less.

In addition to the software license, we provide a minimal level of customer support to assist customers with software usage. If customers require more extensive support, they may enter into a separate agreement for additional training services and maintenance.

The majority of the software is installed on customers’ servers, and the Company does not maintain control over the software post-sale, except through licensing parameters that govern the number of users, accessible modules, and license expiration dates.

The Pro-ficiency platform includes software customization by incorporating content tailored to specific needs. Following customization, it generates a recurring revenue stream throughout the duration of a clinical trial. Revenue is recognized over time.

Payments are generally due upon invoicing on a net-30 basis, unless alternative payment terms are negotiated with the customer based on their payment history. Standard industry practices apply.

For certain software arrangements, the Company hosts the licenses on servers maintained by the Company. Revenue for those arrangements is accounted for as Software as a Service over the life of the contract. These arrangements account for less than 10% of software revenues of the Company.

Services Revenue:

Consulting services provided to our customers are generally recognized over time as the contracts are performed and the services are rendered. The Company measures its consulting revenue based on time expended compared to total estimated hours to complete a project. The Company believes the method chosen for its contract revenue best depicts the transfer of benefits to the customer under the contracts. Payments are generally due upon invoicing on a net-30 basis, unless other payment terms are negotiated with the customer based on customer history. Typical industry standards apply.

Grant revenue:

The Company receives government awards in the form of cash grants that vary in size, duration, and conditions from domestic governmental agencies. Accounting for grant revenue does not fall under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For government awards in which no specific US GAAP applies, the Company accounts for such transactions as revenue and by analogy to a grant model. The grant revenue is recognized on a gross basis. The grant revenue is recognized over the duration of the program when the conditions attached to the grant are achieved. If conditions are not satisfied, the grants are often subject to reduction, repayment, or termination. The Company classifies the impact of government assistance on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as services revenue.

The Company received assistance from domestic governmental agencies to provide reimbursement for various costs incurred for research and development. These include direct grant awards and subawards. The grants awarded are currently set to expire at various dates through 2026. The Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and $0.1 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, respectively, within Services revenues on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income related to such assistance. Amounts that have been earned but not yet funded are included in accounts receivable. Computer equipment allowable by the grants is classified under fixed assets. Subawards due to unrelated entities are classified under accrued expenses.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of May 31, 2026, remaining performance obligations were $15.5 million, of which 98% is expected to be recognized over the next twelve months, with the remainder expected to be recognized thereafter.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The components of revenue for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively, were as follows:

Contract Balances

Contract assets excluding accounts receivable balances as of May 31, 2026, and August 31, 2025, were $4.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively. This balance is included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

During the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, the Company recognized $0.4 million and $2.4 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in contract liabilities as of August 31, 2025. During the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $2.0 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in contract liabilities as of August 31, 2024.

Deferred Commissions

Sales commissions earned by our sales force and our commissioned sales representatives are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. We apply the practical expedient as described in ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense costs as incurred for sales commissions, since the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. This expense is included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as sales and marketing expense.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business. The Company evaluates its allowance for credit losses based on its estimate of the collectability of its trade accounts receivable. As part of this assessment, the Company considers various factors, including the financial condition of the individual companies with which it does business, the aging of receivable balances, historical experience, changes in customer payment terms, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. In times of economic turmoil, the Company’s estimates and judgments with respect to the collectability of its receivables are subject to greater uncertainty than in more stable periods. Accounts receivable balances will be charged off against the allowance for credit losses after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

The activity in the allowance for credit losses related to our accounts receivable is summarized as follows:

Investments

The Company may invest excess cash balances in short-term and long-term marketable debt securities. Investments may consist of certificates of deposit, money market accounts, government-sponsored enterprise securities, corporate bonds, and/or commercial paper within the parameters of our investment policy and guidelines. The Company accounts for its investments in marketable debt securities in accordance with ASC 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. This statement requires debt securities to be classified into three categories:

Held-to-maturity—Debt securities that the entity has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are measured at amortized cost and are presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Any change in the allowance for credit losses during the period is reflected in earnings. Discounts and premiums to par value of the debt securities are amortized to interest income/expense over the term of the security.

Trading Securities—Debt securities that are bought and held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

Available-for-Sale (“AFS”)—Debt securities not classified as either securities held-to-maturity or trading securities are reported at fair value. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized-loss position, we evaluate as of the balance sheet date whether the unrealized losses are attributable to a credit loss or other factors. The portion of unrealized losses related to a credit loss is recognized in earnings, and the portion of unrealized loss not related to a credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). For AFS debt securities, the unrealized gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income until realized, at which time they are reported through net income.

We classify our investments in marketable debt securities based on the facts and circumstances present at the time of purchase of the securities. We reassess the appropriateness of that classification at each reporting date. During the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, all of our investments were classified as AFS or were term deposits. For the year ended August 31, 2025, we had no AFS investments.

Research & Development ("R&D") Capitalized Software Development Costs

R&D activities include both the enhancement of existing products and the development of new products. Development of new products and adding functionality to existing products are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 985-20, “Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed.” R&D expenditures, which primarily relate to both capitalized and expensed salaries, R&D supplies, and R&D consulting, were $4.1 million and $12.3 million during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, of which $0.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, were capitalized. R&D expenditures during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, were $2.1 million and $7.6 million, respectively, of which $0.9 million and $2.4 million, respectively, were capitalized.

Software development costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC 985-20. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and is discontinued when the product is available for sale.

The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment for recoverability of capitalized software development costs require considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors, including, but not limited to, technological feasibility, anticipated future gross revenue, estimated economic life, and changes in software and hardware technologies. Capitalized software development costs are comprised primarily of salaries and direct payroll-related costs, and the purchase of existing software to be used in our software products.

Amortization of capitalized software development costs is calculated on a product-by-product basis on the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the products (not to exceed five years). Amortization of software development costs amounted to $0.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and $0.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, respectively. We expect future amortization expense to vary due to increases in capitalized computer software development costs.

The Company assesses capitalized computer software development costs for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

No impairment charges were recorded during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026. During the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, the Company recorded impairment charges of $77.2 million.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, or fair market value for property and equipment acquired in business combinations, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:

Maintenance and minor replacements are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses on disposals are included in the results of operations.

Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, was less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Internal Use Software

We have capitalized certain internal use software costs in accordance with ASC 350-40, which are included in intangible assets. The amortization of such costs is classified as general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Maintenance of and minor upgrades to internal use software are also classified as general and administrative expenses as incurred.

Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Impairments

We perform valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on each acquisition accounted for as a business combination and recognize the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair value. Acquired intangible assets include customer relationships, software, trade names, and noncompete agreements. We determine the appropriate useful life of intangible assets by performing an analysis of expected cash flows based on historical experience of the acquired businesses. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, which approximates the pattern in which the majority of the economic benefits are expected to be consumed. Finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of the acquired net assets. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on the last day of the fiscal year or when events or circumstances change that would indicate that they might be impaired. Events or circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is one level below or the same as an operating segment.

Below is a reconciliation of the changes in Goodwill carrying value per reportable segment for the nine months ended May 31, 2026:

The following table summarizes other intangible assets as of May 31, 2026:

The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets, consisting of trade names in accordance with ASC 350 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, for impairment annually or when an event occurs that may indicate potential impairment.

The Company accounts for the impairment and disposition of long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for events or changes in circumstances that indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company measures recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the expected future undiscounted net cash flows generated by the asset. If the Company determines that the asset may not be recoverable, or if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, it recognizes an impairment charge to the extent of the difference between the fair value and the asset's carrying amount.

The following table summarizes other intangible assets as of August 31, 2025:

Total amortization expense for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, was $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Total amortization expense for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, was $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

The weighted-average amortization period for covenants not to compete is zero, other internal use software is 10.5 years, customer relationships is 7.2 years, and ERP is 10.6 years.

Estimated future amortization of finite-lived intangible assets for the next five fiscal years are as follows:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The categories are as follows:

Level Input: Input Definition:

Level I Inputs that are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.

Level II Inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level I, that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date.

Level III Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

For certain of the Company's financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued compensation and other accrued expenses, the carrying amounts are representative of their fair values due to their short maturities.

The Company may also invest excess cash in certificates of deposit, money market accounts, government-sponsored enterprise securities, and/or commercial paper. In addition, under the fair-value hierarchy, the fair market values of the Company’s cash equivalents and investments are Level I. As of May 31, 2026, all investments were classified as short-term investments and cash equivalents.

The following tables summarize our short-term investments and cash equivalents as of May 31, 2026, and August 31, 2025:

Accrued interest on short-term investments was $0.1 million as of May 31, 2026 and less than $0.1 million as of August 31, 2025. These balances are included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Business Combination

The acquisition method of accounting for business combinations requires us to use significant estimates and assumptions, including fair-value estimates, as of the business combination date and to refine those estimates as necessary during the measurement period (defined as the period, not to exceed one year, in which we may adjust the provisional amounts recognized for a business combination).

Under the acquisition method of accounting, we recognize separately from goodwill the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interests in an acquiree, generally at the acquisition-date fair value. We measure goodwill as of the acquisition date as the excess of consideration transferred, which we also measure at fair value, over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Costs that we incur to complete the business combination, such as investment banking, legal, and other professional fees, are not considered part of the consideration, and we recognize such costs as general and administrative expenses as they are incurred. We also account for acquired-company restructuring activities that we initiate separately from the business combination.

Should the initial accounting for a business combination be incomplete by the end of a reporting period that falls within the measurement period, we report provisional amounts in our condensed consolidated financial statements. During the measurement period, we adjust the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date, and we record those adjustments to our financial statements. We apply those measurement-period adjustments that we determine to be material retrospectively to comparative information in our financial statements, including adjustments to depreciation and amortization expense.

Under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations, if we identify changes to acquired deferred-tax asset valuation allowances or liabilities related to uncertain tax positions during the measurement period, and they relate to new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, those changes are considered a measurement-period adjustment and we record the offset to goodwill. We record all other changes to deferred-tax asset valuation allowances and liabilities related to uncertain tax positions in current-period income tax expense. This accounting applies to all our acquisitions regardless of acquisition date.

During the three months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, the Company recognized a mergers and acquisitions expense of $0.5 million and zero, respectively. During the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, the Company recognized a mergers and acquisitions expense of $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The Company records mergers and acquisition expenses in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Research and Development Costs

R&D costs are charged to expense as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. These costs include salaries and purchased software that was developed by other companies and incorporated into, or used in the development of, our final products.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements or tax returns.

Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for income taxes represents the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Intellectual property

In June 2017, as part of the acquisition of DILIsym, the Company acquired certain developed technologies associated with drug-induced liver disease (“DILI”). These technologies were valued at $2.9 million and are being amortized over 9 years under the straight-line method.

In September 2018, we purchased certain intellectual property rights of Entelos Holding Company. The cost of $0.1 million is being amortized over 10 years under the straight-line method.

In April 2020, as part of the acquisition of Lixoft, the Company acquired certain developed technologies associated with the Lixoft scientific software. These technologies were valued at $8.0 million and are being amortized over 16 years under the straight-line method.

In June 2023, we purchased certain developed technology of Immunetrics. The cost of $1.1 million is being amortized over 5 years under the straight-line method.

In June 2024, we purchased certain developed technology of Pro-ficiency. The cost of $16.6 million is being amortized over 5 years under the straight-line method. This was subsequently impaired in May, 2025 for the remaining net book value.

The following table summarizes intellectual property as of May 31, 2026:

The following table summarizes intellectual property as of August 31, 2025:

Total amortization expense for intellectual property agreements was $0.3 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively, and $0.8 million and $3.3 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively. The Company records these in Cost of revenues - software on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Estimated future amortization of intellectual property for the next five fiscal years is as follows:

Earnings per Share

We report earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed similarly to basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. The components of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, were as follows:

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation costs related to stock options are determined in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Compensation cost is calculated based on the grant-date fair value estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation costs related to stock options, not including shares issued to directors for services, were $1.6 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively, and $4.6 million and $4.7 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively.

For the three months ended May 31, 2026, and 2025, 4,044 and 1,984,935 shares, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and 2025, 780 and 1,984,935 respectively, were not similarly excluded.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In October 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-06 - Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative (“ASU 2023-06”). ASU 2023-06 incorporates 14 of the 27 disclosure requirements published in SEC Release No. 33-10532 - Disclosure Update and Simplification into various topics within the ASC. ASU 2023-06's amendments represent clarifications to, or technical corrections of, current requirements. For SEC registrants, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company does not expect ASU 2023-06 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements, as the updates are incremental to existing disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued a new standard (ASU 2023-09) to improve income tax disclosures. The guidance requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid, prescribes standardized categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation, and modifies other income-tax-related disclosures. The amendments will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard prospectively beginning with its annual period ended August 31, 2026, and interim periods thereafter. The Company does not expect ASU 2023-09 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements as the additional incremental disclosures information is available to the Company.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The ASU provides a practical expedient related to the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses, all entities may elect a practical expedient that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. The ASU also provides non-public entities with an accounting policy election. The ASU will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not anticipate this having a material impact to our consolidated financial statements or disclosure.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)” which eliminates all references to project stages and requires capitalization of software costs when: (i) management authorizes and commits to funding the software project, and (ii) it is probable the software project will be completed and used as intended, known as the “probable-to-completion recognition threshold.” Entities must consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the development activities of the software in determining if the threshold is met. In addition, the amendments in the update specify that property, plant and equipment disclosure requirements are required for capitalized internal-use software costs, regardless of financial statement presentation, and also incorporate the recognition requirements for website-specific development costs. This ASU will be effective for the Company for our fiscal year 2029 annual reporting period with the guidance applied either prospectively, retrospectively, or via a modified prospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our interim and consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832), to provide guidance on how business entities recognize, measure, and present government grants received. The effective date for this standard is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU may be applied using a modified prospective, modified retrospective, or retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our interim and consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11 to amend the guidance in “Interim Reporting” (Topic 270). The update provides clarifications intended to improve the consistency and usability of interim disclosure requirements, including a comprehensive listing of required interim disclosures and a new disclosure principle for reporting material events occurring after the most recent annual period. The amendments do not change the underlying objectives of interim reporting but are designed to enhance clarity in application. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt this guidance in fiscal 2029 and has not yet determined the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires companies to enhance the disclosures about segment expenses. The new standard requires the disclosure of the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), expanded incremental line-item disclosures of significant segment expenses used by the CODM for decision-making, and the inclusion of previous annual-only segment disclosure requirements on a quarterly basis. This ASU should be applied retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for annual disclosures for the year ended August 31, 2025, and interim periods thereafter. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3 – OTHER INCOME

The components of other income for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, were as follows:

NOTE 4 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Income Taxes

We follow guidance issued by the FASB regarding our accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements. Such guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not and a measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. In making this assessment, a company must determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, based solely on the technical merits of the position, and must assume that the tax position will be examined by taxing authorities. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to income tax expense. We file income tax returns with the IRS and various state jurisdictions as well as with the countries of France and India. Our federal income tax returns for fiscal years 2022 through 2025 are open for audit, and our state tax returns for fiscal years 2019 through 2024 remain open for audit.

Our review of prior-year tax positions using the criteria and provisions presented in guidance issued by FASB did not result in a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

We recorded an income tax expense of $1.2 million related to income before taxes of $4.8 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and an income tax expense of $2.9 million related to income before taxes of $11.7 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026. We recorded an income tax benefit of $6.7 million related to loss before taxes of $74.0 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025, and an income tax benefit of $6.2 million related to loss before taxes of $70.3 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, was 26% and 25%, respectively. The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, was 9% and 9%, respectively. The increase in the tax rate is primarily due to the result of a favorable discrete item in the prior year that did not recur in the current year, a less favorable jurisdictional mix of earnings between the U.S. and France, a higher effective tax rate in France, and a lower Foreign-Derived Intangible Income ("FDII") benefit. The Company incurred costs with respect to the Merger Agreement. These costs are deductible for GAAP purposes. Generally, many of the costs incurred must be capitalized and are not deductible for tax purposes. In the current fiscal year, the Company is accelerating deductions elected under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"). These deductions are expected to be favorable to cash flows as they accelerate the timing of tax benefits and reduce near-term cash tax payment.

Litigation

We are not a party to any material legal proceedings and are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceedings of any kind.

NOTE 5 – SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Shares Outstanding

Shares of the Company's common stock outstanding for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, were as follows:

NOTE 6 – STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS

The following table summarizes information about stock options:

The total grant-date fair value of nonvested stock options as of May 31, 2026, was $17.7 million and is amortizable over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years.

The fair value of these options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of stock options, which do not have vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the options, including both ISOs and NQSOs, granted during the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025:

The exercise prices for the options outstanding at May 31, 2026, ranged from $18.77 to $66.14 per share, and the information relating to these options is as follows:

(in thousands except prices and weighted-average amounts)

During the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, we issued 8,468 and 24,427 shares of stock valued at $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, we issued 3,930 and 12,825 shares of stock valued at $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, to our nonmanagement directors as compensation for board-related duties.

NOTE 7 – CONCENTRATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, and short-term investments. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents with balances that exceed FDIC-insured limits. Cash maintained in excess of these limits is on deposit with a large, national bank. Accordingly, the Company does not have depository exposure to regional banks. In addition, the Company holds cash at a bank in France that is not FDIC-insured. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts, and management believes that the financial institutions at which its cash is held are stable; however, no assurances can be provided.

Revenue concentration shows that international sales accounted for 29% and 27% of revenue for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively. Our three largest customers in terms of revenue accounted for 7%, 4%, and 4% of total revenues, respectively, for the nine months ended May 31, 2026. Our three largest customers in terms of revenue accounted for 7%, 4%, and 3% of total revenues, respectively, for the nine months ended May 31, 2025.

Accounts receivable concentrations show that our three largest customers in terms of accounts receivable each comprised between 4% and 12% of accounts receivable as of May 31, 2026; our three largest customers in terms of accounts receivable comprised between 5% and 12% of accounts receivable as of May 31, 2025. As of the filing date of this report, a substantial majority of the outstanding receivable balance from our largest customer, which represented 12% of accounts receivable as of May 31, 2026, was current on all outstanding invoices, except for a de minimis amount.

We operate in biosimulation, simulation-enabled performance and intelligence solutions, and medical communications to the biopharma industry, which is highly competitive and changes rapidly. Our operating results could be significantly affected by our ability to develop new products and find new distribution channels for new and existing products.

NOTE 8 – SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company applies ASC 280, Segment Reporting, in determining reportable segments. We define our reportable segments based on the way the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is our Chief Executive Officer, manages the operations for purposes of allocating resources and assessing segment performance. Our reportable segments include the following:

• Software: Supports pharmaceutical research, development, and commercialization through simulation, modeling, and AI-driven prediction. Its main products include GastroPlus®, ADMET Predictor®, MonolixSuite™, and others for disease modeling and training, as well as Pro-ficiency® for clinical operations. The company also advances partnerships with institutions like the FDA, NIEHS, PAS, and SACF to drive innovation in virtual drug testing, chemical safety, and AI-enabled discovery.
• Services: Advanced consulting services across the entire drug development lifecycle. Its scientists and engineers specialize in drug discovery, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug modeling, clinical trial data analysis, regulatory strategy, and medical communications.

The CODM reviews revenue and gross profit to evaluate current-period performance versus budget and prior periods at each reportable segment and assesses management performance for purposes of annual incentive compensation. Gross profit is defined as revenue less cost of revenue incurred by the segment.

No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments. The Company does not allocate assets at the reportable segment level, as these are managed on an entity-wide group basis and, accordingly, the Company does not report asset information by segment. The Company does not allocate operating expenses (R&D, S&M, and G&A) that are managed on an entity-wide group basis and, accordingly, the Company does not allocate and report operating expenses at a segment level. There are no intersegment revenue transactions between the Company’s segments. Other segment items for each segment primarily include depreciation, income tax expense, and other income not reviewed by the CODM at the segment level. These are not allocated to segments and are presented below segment gross profit.

There are no differences in measurement between the segment profit measure used by CODM and condensed consolidated income before income taxes. The following schedule reconciles the total of reportable segments’ gross profit and significant expenses to consolidated income before income taxes for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively.

(1) Cost of revenue for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, includes $1.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively of amortization within our Software reportable segment.

(2) General and administrative for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, includes less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million of depreciation and $0.3 million and $0.3 million of amortization, respectively.

(1) Cost of revenue for the nine months ended May 31, 2026 and May 31, 2025, includes $3.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively of amortization within our Software reportable segment.

(2) General and administrative for the nine months ended May 31, 2026 and May 31, 2025, includes $0.2 million and $0.3 million of depreciation and 758000 and $1.0 million of amortization, respectively.

Revenue by lifecycle solution area and offering type (Software and Services):

*Percentages may not add due to rounding

The Company allocates revenues to geographic areas based on the locations of its customers. Geographical revenues for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, were as follows:

*Percentages may not add due to rounding

NOTE 9 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

We maintain a 401(k) Plan for eligible employees. We make matching contributions equal to 100% of the employee’s elective deferral, not to exceed 4% of the employee’s gross salary. We contributed $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026. We contributed $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, respectively.

NOTE 10 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date on which these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

Merger Agreement

On June 15, 2026, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with SP Evolution HoldCo II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an affiliate of Altaris, LLC (“Parent”), and SP Evolution BidCo II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, holders of the Company’s common stock will be entitled to receive cash consideration of $18.50 per share, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding taxes, for each share of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger. The Merger Agreement also provides for the treatment of the Company's outstanding equity awards in accordance with its terms upon consummation of the Merger. The transaction has an implied equity value of approximately $375 million.

The completion of the Merger is subject to customary closing conditions, including approval by the Company’s stockholders, the receipt of required regulatory approvals, and the absence of any law or order prohibiting the consummation of the transaction. The Merger Agreement also contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, and termination provisions.

Upon completion of the Merger, the Company's common stock will cease to be listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market and registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company will become a privately held company.

In connection with the Merger Agreement, Dr. Walter Woltosz the Company's Chairman of the Board and his spouse, Virginia E. Woltosz, entered into a Voting and Support Agreement pursuant to which he agreed, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions of such agreement, to vote the shares of the Company’s common stock beneficially owned by him in favor of the adoption of the Merger Agreement.

In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the Board of Directors approved transaction bonus arrangements for certain executive officers and other employees. Subject to the terms of the applicable arrangements, the bonuses are payable only upon the consummation of the Merger.

Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the closing conditions, the parties currently expect the Merger to be completed during the fourth quarter of calendar 2026.

Management has concluded that the execution of the Merger Agreement represents a nonrecognized subsequent event under ASC 855, Subsequent Events, requiring disclosure but not adjustment to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

A copy of the Merger Agreement is filed as Exhibit 2.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the Voting and Support Agreement is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2026

ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Executive Overview

Our clients face many challenges. Developing new therapies is time-consuming and expensive, requiring an average of 10-15 years and an average cost of approximately $2.2 billion to develop a single drug. Drug sponsors must prioritize not only efficacy and safety of the drug, but also issues like drug-drug interactions, inclusion of patients representative of the indicated population, regulatory approvals, minimization of animal testing, safety and compliance during clinical trials, and commercial success. Our clients face many macroeconomic issues including the current attention on global drug pricing resulting in temporary reduction in R&D spending on the part of pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

Our software and services allow clients to use modeling and simulation to accelerate drug development, reduce the costs of R&D, comply with regulatory guidance and best practices, and increase confidence in the safety and efficacy of their drugs and biologics. Our adaptive learning solutions support the success of clinical trials by accelerating recruitment of an appropriate patient population, increasing retention of participants, and by driving competency and compliance with trial protocols, while our medical communications solutions provide support in obtaining regulatory approval and commercialization of drugs.

The Company is headquartered in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and has a European office in Paris, France. The Company has a remote work culture that supports employee work-life balance and minimizes its carbon footprint.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025

Revenues

Revenues increased by $1.5 million, or 7%, to $21.9 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $20.4 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025. This increase is primarily due to a $1.5 million, or 20%, increase in service-related revenue when compared to the three months ended May 31, 2025. The software-related revenue was flat compared to the three months ended May 31, 2025. The service-related revenue increase of $1.5 million, or 20%, compared to the three months ended May 31, 2025, was primarily due to organic revenue growth of $1.5 million from Development solutions.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues decreased by $0.6 million, or 8%, for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to the three months ended May 31, 2025. This decrease is primarily due to a $1.0 million, or 40%, decrease in software-related costs, partially offset by a $0.5 million, or 9%, increase in service-related costs.

The software-related costs decrease of $1.0 million, or 40%, compared to the three months ended May 31, 2025, was primarily due to less amortization of $1.1 million, mainly due to the impairment of the Pro-ficiency developed technology in the third quarter of fiscal 2025.

The service-related costs increased $0.5 million, or 9%, compared to the three months ended May 31, 2025; the increase was primarily due to higher fulfillment costs associated with increased client services activity. The modest increase in service-related costs relative to revenue growth also reflected improved operating efficiency from headcount reductions implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, and organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, improved billable utilization, and higher average yields.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased $2.1 million, or 16%, to $15.1 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $13.0 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by higher revenues, lower software-related costs, organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, improved billable utilization, and higher average yields.

Software gross profit increased by $1.0 million to 88% gross margin compared to 80% gross margin for the three months ended May 31, 2025. This improvement was primarily driven by lower software-related costs, largely reflecting reduced amortization expense mainly due to the impairment of the Pro-ficiency developed technology in the third quarter of fiscal 2025.

Services gross profit increased by $1.1 million to 43% gross margin compared to 38% gross margin for the three months ended May 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher services revenue from increased client services activity within Development solutions, as well as improved operating efficiency driven by headcount reductions implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, higher billable utilization, and higher average yields.

Overall gross margin was 69% for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 64% for the three months ended May 31, 2025, primarily due to higher services revenue, lower software amortization expense, organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, higher billable utilization, and higher average yields.

Research and development

We incurred $4.1 million of research and development costs during the three months ended May 31, 2026. Of this amount, $0.7 million was capitalized as part of capitalized software development costs, and $3.4 million was expensed. We incurred $2.1 million of research and development costs during the three months ended May 31, 2025. Of this amount, $0.9 million was capitalized, and $1.2 million was expensed. Research and development spend increased by $2.0 million, or 98%, for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to the three months ended May 31, 2025, representing our continued investment in innovation for future growth, including the development of an integrated, cloud-enabled modeling ecosystem that connects our validated scientific engines with AI-driven capabilities and workflow automation across the drug development lifecycle. The increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel-related costs, including organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, as well as increased efforts to support these development initiatives.

R&D spend as a percentage of revenue increased to 16% for the three months ended May 31, 2026, from 6% for the three months ended May 31, 2025, representing our continued investment in innovation for future growth. Total R&D cost (defined as capitalized R&D plus R&D expense) was 19% of revenue for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 10% for the three months ended May 31, 2025.

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $0.1 million, or 5%, to $2.5 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $2.7 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025. Sales and marketing as a percentage of revenue decreased to 12% for the three months ended May 31, 2026, from 13% for the three months ended May 31, 2025. The decrease is attributable to the headcount reduction implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2025.

General and administrative expenses

G&A expenses decreased by $1.5 million, or 24%, to $4.7 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $6.1 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025. G&A as a percentage of revenue, decreased to 21% for the three months ended May 31, 2026, from 30% for the three months ended May 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to lower corporate support costs and lower non-recurring expenses, including the absence of expenses associated with the company-wide employee summit that occurred in the prior-year period.

Impairments

During the three months ended May 31, 2025, the Company recorded $77.2 million of non-cash impairment charges. No impairment charges were recorded during the three months ended May 31, 2026.

Other income

Total other income was $0.3 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025. The increase was primarily driven by higher interest income due to higher average balances of cash invested in interest-bearing accounts. For the three months ended May 31, 2025, the Company also recognized a $0.6 million gain from the change in fair value of contingent consideration related to the Immunetrics holdback liability, which was subsequently settled.

Income tax expense

The expense for income taxes was $1.2 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to income tax benefit of $6.7 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025. The Company tax rate increased to 26% for the three months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 9% for the three months ended May 31, 2025. The increase in the tax rate is primarily due to higher income in the US, which is taxed at higher tax rate than income in France. The France effective tax rate increased from 2% to 7% due to less qualifying R&D expenditures in France which drove up the effective tax rate. The Company incurred costs with respect to the Merger Agreement. These costs are deductible for GAAP purposes. Generally, many of the costs incurred must be capitalized and are not deductible for tax purposes. The fiscal year had a smaller benefit from Foreign-Derived Intangible Income ("FDII"). In the current fiscal year, the Company is accelerating deductions elected under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"). These deductions are expected to be favorable to cash flows as they accelerate the timing of tax benefits and reduce near-term cash tax payments.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Nine Months Ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025

Revenues

Revenues increased by $2.9 million, or 5%, to $64.6 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $61.7 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. This increase is primarily due to a $3.6 million, or 14%, increase in service-related revenue and a $0.7 million, or 2%, decrease in software-related revenue when compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The service-related revenue increase of $3.6 million, or 14%, compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2025, was primarily due to organic revenue growth within Development solutions of $2.7 million and Commercialization solutions of $0.8 million. The software-related revenue decrease of $0.7 million, or 2%, compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2025, was primarily due to Clinical Operations solutions revenue decline of $2.0 million, partially offset by revenue growth of $1.0 million and $0.4 million within Development solutions and Discovery solutions, respectively.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues decreased by $2.9 million, or 11%, for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2025. This decrease is primarily due to a $3.2 million or 41% decrease in software-related costs and a $0.3 million or 2% increase in service-related costs.

The software-related costs decrease of $3.2 million or 41%, compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2025, was mainly attributable to $3.1 million less amortization of acquired technology from the Pro-ficiency as the balances were impaired in the third quarter of fiscal 2025.

The service-related costs increase of $0.3 million or 2%, compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The increase in service-related costs was primarily due to higher fulfillment costs associated with increased client services activity. The modest increase in service-related costs relative to service-related revenue growth reflected improved operating efficiency resulting from headcount reductions implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased to $42.2 million or 65% gross margin for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $36.4 million or 59% gross margin for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher service-related revenues, lower software-related costs, organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, and improved operating efficiency.

Software gross profit increased by $2.5 million, and software gross margin increased to 87% for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 79% for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. This improvement was primarily due to lower software-related costs, largely reflecting reduced amortization expense following the impairment of the Pro-ficiency acquired technology in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, partially offset by lower software-related revenue driven primarily by a decline in Clinical Operations solutions revenue.

Services gross profit increased by $3.3 million, and services gross margin increased to 37% for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 29% for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. This improvement was primarily due to higher service-related revenue from organic growth within Development solutions and Commercialization solutions, together with improved operating efficiency resulting from headcount reductions implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 and organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development.

Overall gross margin increased to 65% for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 59% for the nine months ended May 31, 2025, primarily due to higher service-related revenues, lower software amortization expense, organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, and improved operating efficiency.

Research and development

We incurred $12.3 million of research and development costs during the nine months ended May 31, 2026. Of this amount, $2.4 million was capitalized as part of capitalized software development costs and $9.9 million was expensed. We incurred $7.6 million of research and development costs during the nine months ended May 31, 2025. Of this amount, $2.4 million was capitalized and $5.2 million was expensed. Research and development spend increased by $4.7 million, or 62%, for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2025, reflecting higher investment in product and platform development activities, including continued enhancement and expansion of our software offerings and related capabilities. The increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel-related costs, including organizational changes that shifted certain internal resources from supporting services to research and development, as well as increased efforts to support these development initiatives.

R&D spend as a percentage of revenue increased to 15% for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, from 8% for the nine months ended May 31, 2025, representing our continued investment in innovation for future growth, including the development of an integrated, cloud-enabled modeling ecosystem that connects our validated scientific engines with AI-driven capabilities and workflow automation across the drug development lifecycle. Total R&D cost (defined as capitalized R&D plus R&D expense) was 19% of revenue for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 12% for the nine months ended May 31, 2025.

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $0.6 million, or 6%, to $8.6 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $9.2 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The decrease is attributable to lower compensation cost from the headcount reduction implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, offset by higher customer-facing activities to support commercial execution and demand generation across our offerings.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses decreased by $3.3 million, or 20%, to $12.8 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $16.1 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The decrease primarily reflected lower corporate support costs and reduced non-recurring spending. In addition, facilities costs decreased as we continued to optimize our real estate footprint consistent with a remote-first operating model.

Impairments

During the nine months ended May 31, 2025, the Company recorded $77.2 million of non-cash impairment charges. No impairment charges were recorded during the nine months ended May 31, 2026.

Other income

Total other income was $0.8 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $1.1 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.6 million gain recognized in the prior-year period from the change in fair value of the Immunetrics earnout liability, as no earnout payment was anticipated for the second earnout measurement period. The liability was subsequently settled. This decrease was partially offset by a $0.4 million increase in interest income due to higher average balances of cash invested in interest-bearing accounts.

Income tax expense

The expense for income taxes was $2.9 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to an income tax benefit of $6.2 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The Company tax rate increased to 25% for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to 9% for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The increase in the tax rate is primarily due to the result of a favorable discrete item in the prior year that did not recur in the current year, a less favorable jurisdictional mix of earnings between the U.S. and France, increased unfavorable Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") impacts driven by higher French taxable income, and a lower Foreign-Derived Intangible Income ("FDII") benefit. In addition, certain items affecting the current-year effective tax rate relate to accelerated deductions elected under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"). These deductions are expected to be favorable to cash flows as they accelerate the timing of tax benefits and reduce near-term cash tax payments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of capital have been cash flows from our operations. We expect existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, cash generated by ongoing operations, and working capital will be sufficient to fund our operating activities and cash commitments for investing and financing activities and material capital expenditures for the next 12 months.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement entered into on June 15, 2026, the Company is subject to customary interim operating covenants pending completion of the merger. These covenants, subject to specified exceptions and the prior written consent of Parent, restrict certain capital allocation and corporate activities, including repurchases or redemptions of common stock, payment of dividends or other distributions, issuance of equity securities, incurrence of certain indebtedness, acquisitions and investments, significant capital expenditures, and certain other actions outside the ordinary course of business. Accordingly, the Company expects to operate within these contractual limitations until the merger is completed or the Merger Agreement is terminated.

Except as discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we are not aware of any trends or demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in a decrease in liquidity of our assets.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments

As of May 31, 2026, the Company had $35.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, $14.7 million in short-term investments, and net working capital of $61.6 million. Short-term investments consist of certificate of deposits, corporate bonds, and cash equivalents. The investments are U.S.-dollar-denominated securities.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities primarily include net income adjusted for (i) non-cash items included in net income, such as provisions (recoveries) for credit losses, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, deferred taxes, and other non-cash items and (ii) changes in the balances of operating assets and liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $19.4 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, compared to $12.5 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The $6.8 million improvement was driven primarily by an increase in cash-adjusted net income, an increase in other liabilities and a decrease in deferred taxes, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended May 31, 2026, was $15.4 million, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $5.4 million during the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The decrease of $20.7 million primarily reflects deployment and rebalancing of our short-term investment portfolio and capitalized software development to support product and platform enhancements. During the nine months ended May 31, 2026, we invested $28.2 million in short-term investments as part of our treasury strategy to prudently invest excess cash while preserving liquidity and capital, and we incurred $2.3 million of capitalized computer software development costs to support ongoing product development and technology improvements. These uses of cash were partially offset by $15.0 million of maturities of short-term investments as securities matured in the normal course of portfolio management.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended May 31, 2026, was $0.5 million, compared to cash used in financing activities of $1.3 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. The $1.7 million increase was primarily attributable to the prior-year cash settlement of $1.6 million for holdback obligations related to the Immunetrics acquisition, as well as higher proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Share Repurchases

For the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively, we did not repurchase any shares of Company stock. As of May 31, 2026, $30 million remains available for additional repurchases under our authorized repurchase program. However, we are not obligated to repurchase any additional shares, and the timing, manner, price, and actual amount of further share repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including stock price, market conditions, other capital management needs and opportunities, and corporate and regulatory considerations. The share repurchase program has no expiration date but may be terminated at any time at our Board of Directors’ discretion.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement entered into on June 15, 2026, the Company is subject to customary interim operating covenants pending completion of the merger. These covenants, subject to specified exceptions and the prior written consent of Parent, restrict certain capital allocation and corporate activities, including repurchases or redemptions of common stock, payment of dividends or other distributions, issuance of equity securities, incurrence of certain indebtedness, acquisitions and investments, significant capital expenditures, and certain other actions outside the ordinary course of business. Accordingly, the Company expects to operate within these contractual limitations until the merger is completed or the Merger Agreement is terminated.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Estimates

Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s application of accounting policies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Critical Accounting Estimates for us include revenue recognition, accounting for capitalized software development costs, accounting for intangible assets and goodwill, valuation of stock options, business acquisitions and accounting for income taxes.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue primarily from the sale of software licenses, providing consulting services, and customizing a software platform tailored to the pharmaceutical industry for drug development.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

i.Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

ii.Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

iii.Determination of the transaction price

iv.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

v.Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. Contracts generally have fixed pricing terms and are not subject to variable pricing. The Company considers the nature and significance of each specific performance obligation under a contract when allocating the proceeds under each contract. Accounting for contracts includes significant judgment in the estimation of hours/cost to be incurred on consulting contracts, and the de minimis nature of the post-sales costs associated with software sales.

Capitalized Computer Software Development Costs

Software development costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC 985-20, “Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed.” Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and is discontinued when the product is available for sale. The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment for recoverability of capitalized computer software development costs require considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors including, but not limited to, technological feasibility, anticipated future gross revenues, estimated economic life, and changes in software and hardware technologies. Capitalized software development costs are comprised primarily of salaries and direct payroll-related costs and the purchase of existing software to be used in the Company’s software products. Total capitalized computer software development costs were $0.7 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively, and $2.4 million and $2.4 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively.

Amortization of capitalized computer software development costs is calculated on a product-by-product basis on the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the products, not to exceed five years. Amortization of software development costs amounted to $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively, and $2.5 million and $2.4 million, for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively. We expect future amortization expense to vary due to variations in capitalized computer software development costs.

We test capitalized computer software development costs for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The Company performs valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on each acquisition accounted for as a business combination and recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair value. Acquired intangible assets include customer relationships, software, trade names, and noncompete agreements. The Company determines the appropriate useful life by performing an analysis of expected cash flows based on historical experience of the acquired businesses. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, which approximates the pattern in which the majority of the economic benefits are expected to be consumed.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of the acquired net assets. Goodwill is not amortized; instead, it is tested for impairment annually or when events or circumstances change that would indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Events or circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of the Company's use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the Company's overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is one level below or the same as an operating segment. As of May 31, 2026, the Company determined that it had two reporting units - Software and Services.

As of May 31, 2026, the entire balance of goodwill was attributed to both of the Company's reporting units, Software and Services. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable.

No impairment losses were recorded during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026. During the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, the Company recorded impairments charges of $77.2 million.

Business Acquisitions

The Company accounted for the acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting, where the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of certain acquired assets and liabilities is subjective in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the selection of appropriate valuation methodology, projected revenue, expenses, and cash flows, weighted-average cost of capital, discount rates, and estimates of terminal values. Business acquisitions are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements as of the date of the acquisition.

Research and Development Costs

R&D costs are charged to expense as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, or when the costs are for maintenance and minor modification of existing software products that do not add significant new capabilities to the products. These costs include salaries and benefits, laboratory experiments, and purchased software that was developed by other companies and incorporated into, or used in the development of, our final products.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740-10, “Income Taxes,” which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns.

Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for income taxes represents the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock options in accordance with ASC 718-10, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” Under this method, compensation costs include the estimated grant-date fair value of awards amortized over the options’ vesting period. Stock-based compensation costs related to stock options, not including shares issued to directors for services, was $1.6 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively, and $4.6 million and $4.7 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2026, and May 31, 2025, respectively.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As of May 31, 2026, there has been no material change in our exposure to market risk from that described in Item 7A of our Annual Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of May 31, 2026. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, management concluded as of May 31, 2026, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, please see Note 4, Commitments and Contingencies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Please carefully consider the information set forth in this Quarterly Report and the risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report, as well as other risks and uncertainties, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, which in turn could materially and adversely affect the trading price of shares of our common stock. Other than described below, there have been no material updates or changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report; provided, however, additional risks not currently known or currently material to us may also harm our business.

Risks Related to the Pending Merger

On June 15, 2026, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among, SP Evolution HoldCo II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an affiliate of Altaris, LLC (“Parent”) and SP Evolution BidCo II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (the “Surviving Corporation”). pursuant to which it has agreed to be acquired by Altaris, subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, including approval by the Company's shareholders and receipt of required regulatory approvals. The pending transaction subjects the Company to a number of risks, including:

• The Merger may not be completed in a timely manner or at all due to the failure to satisfy closing conditions, including obtaining required shareholder or regulatory approvals.
• The announcement and pendency of the Merger may adversely affect our relationships with customers, employees, business partners, suppliers, and other third parties, which could adversely affect our operating results.
• We may experience challenges in retaining key employees while the Merger is pending, which could adversely affect our business and operations.
• The Merger agreement contains restrictions on the conduct of our business prior to closing, which may limit our ability to pursue certain business opportunities or strategic initiatives.
• We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant transaction-related costs regardless of whether the Merger is completed.
• The pendency of the Merger could result in litigation or regulatory proceedings that could delay or prevent the completion of the transaction or otherwise result in significant costs.
• If the Merger is not completed, our business, financial condition, results of operations, stock price, and future prospects could be adversely affected.
• The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the three months ended May 31, 2026, none of our directors or officers adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” that were intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1, in each case as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits

Item 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION

2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated June 15, 2026 by and among the Company, SP Evolution HoldCo II, LLC and SP Evolution BidCo II, LLC 10.1† Third Amendment to 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, dated February 12, 2026, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on February 12, 2026. 10.2 Voting and Support Agreement dated June 15, 2026, by and among SP Evolution HoldCo II, LLC, SP Evolution BidCo II, LLC, Dr. Walter S. Woltosz and Virginia E. Woltosz, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2026. 31.1 * Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 * Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1 ** Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS*** Inline XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH*** Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents 104*** Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101 attachments).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** The XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability of that section and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document.

† Refers to management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.