Republic Services RSG Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2026

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in millions, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Republic Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries (also referred to collectively as Republic, the Company, we, us, or our), is one of the largest providers of environmental services in the United States, as measured by revenue. Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our operations through three field groups, referred to as Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. Group 1 is our recycling and waste business operating primarily in geographic areas located in the western United States. Group 2 is our recycling and waste business operating primarily in geographic areas located in the southeastern and mid-western United States, the eastern seaboard of the United States, and Canada. Group 3 is our environmental solutions business operating in geographic areas located across the United States and Canada. These groups represent our reportable segments, which each provide integrated environmental services, including but not limited to collection, transfer, recycling and disposal.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Republic Services, Inc. and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). We account for investments in entities in which we do not have a controlling financial interest under the equity method of accounting or, for investments that do not meet the criteria to be accounted for under the equity method, we reflect these investments at their fair value when it is readily determinable. If fair value is not readily determinable, we use an alternative measurement approach. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We have prepared these unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information related to our organization, significant accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments that, unless otherwise disclosed, are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results you can expect for a full year. You should read these financial statements in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

For comparative purposes, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation and are not material to our consolidated financial statements. All dollar amounts in tabular presentations are in millions, except per share amounts and unless otherwise noted.

Management’s Estimates and Assumptions

In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these financial statements and accompanying notes. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of precision from data available or simply cannot be readily calculated based on generally accepted methodologies. In preparing our financial statements, the more significant and subjective areas that deal with the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for our long-lived assets, including recoverability, landfill development costs and final capping, closure and post-closure costs; our liabilities for potential litigation, claims and assessments; our liabilities for environmental remediation, deferred taxes, uncertain tax positions and insurance reserves; and our estimates of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions. For more detail on significant accounting policies, refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. Our actual results may differ significantly from our estimates.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted

Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets

In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2025‑05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (ASU 2025‑05), which simplifies the application of the current expected credit loss model for current accounts receivable and current contract assets under Topic 606. In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses, the amendments in this update provide entities with a practical expedient that assumes that the current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. The Company adopted ASU 2025-05 and elected this practical expedient on January 1, 2026. The election of this practical expedient did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Updates Issued but not yet Adopted

Codification Improvements

In December 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-12, Codification Improvements: The amendments from this ASU address a range of accounting topics and clarify or make minor improvements to the existing codification. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.

Narrow-Scope Improvements

In December 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. This guidance clarifies interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270, resulting in a comprehensive list of interim disclosures required by GAAP and a disclosure principle for disclosing material events since the last reporting period. The amendments are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities

In December 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. This ASU adds guidance to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 832 on the recognition, measurement, and presentation of government grants. In the absence of such guidance, many for-profit entities historically have analogized to other GAAP, including International Accounting Standards (IAS) 20 or ASC 958-605, when accounting for government grants. This ASU will be effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2028. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software

In September 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. This guidance removes references to prescriptive and sequential development stages, requiring companies to capitalize internal-use software costs when management commits to funding the software project and it is probable the project will be completed. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Entities may apply the guidance using a prospective, retrospective or modified transition approach. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (ASU 2024-03). ASU 2024-03 requires an entity to disclose the amount of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense caption. It also requires an entity to include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under GAAP in the same disclosure. Additionally, it requires an entity to disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. An

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entity may apply the amendments prospectively for reporting periods after the effective date or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.

Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, to modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of topics, which will allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the SEC's requirements, and to align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard codification with the SEC's regulations. The effective date for each topic's amendment is the date on which the SEC's removal of the topic's related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited.

2. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS, INVESTMENTS AND RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

Acquisitions

We acquired various environmental services businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The aggregate purchase price paid for these business acquisitions and the allocations of the aggregate purchase price follows:

Certain of the purchase price allocations are preliminary and based on information existing at the acquisition dates. Accordingly, the purchase price allocations are subject to change. For the acquisitions that closed during the three months ended March 31, 2026, we expect that a majority of the goodwill and intangible assets recognized as a result of these acquisitions will be deductible for tax purposes.

These acquisitions are not material to the Company's results of operations, individually or in the aggregate. As a result, no pro forma financial information is provided.

In February 2026, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities from Hamm, LLC, N.R. Hamm Quarry, LLC, N.R. Hamm Contractor, LLC, and Cornejo & Sons, LLC constituting a vertically-integrated recycling and waste business located in Kansas. The purchase price allocation is preliminary and remains subject to revision as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed at the valuation date. The preliminary allocation of purchase price, including the value assigned to certain tangible assets acquired as well as certain landfill and environmental liabilities assumed, is based on the best estimates of management and is subject to revision based on the final valuations. We expect our valuations to be substantially complete by the end of 2026.

In May 2026, we acquired the equity interests of Robinson Waste Holdings Group, LLC (Robinson). Robinson's vertically integrated recycling and waste services operations are located in Utah and complement Republic's existing core competencies and expertise in the environmental services industry.

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Investments

We invest in non-controlling equity interests in certain limited liability companies that qualify for investment tax credits under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code. We account for these investments under the equity method of accounting utilizing the Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value ("HLBV") method. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we decreased the carrying value of these investments by $43 million and $8 million, respectively, as a result of our share of income and loss pursuant to the terms of the limited liability company agreements. Additionally, our tax provision reflects a benefit of approximately $37 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, due to tax credits net of nondeductible items, related to these investments. No benefit was recognized in our tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2025. For further discussion of the income tax benefits, refer to Note 11, Income Taxes, in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

In 2022, we acquired a non-controlling equity interest in a joint venture with a landfill gas-to-energy developer to construct renewable natural gas projects at our landfills across the United States. Certain of these investments qualified for investment tax credits under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our carrying value in the joint venture was approximately $312 million and $314 million, respectively. The investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

In 2022, we acquired a non-controlling equity interest in Blue Polymers, LLC, a joint venture with Ravago, intended to help create vertical integration in the recycling market, and to further advance circularity by acquiring all olefins produced by the Company's Polymer Centers and producing custom blended pellets for food-grade and non-food-grade packaging. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our carrying value in the joint venture was $95 million and $101 million, respectively. This investment is an unconsolidated VIE for which we do not have the power to direct the significant activities of the business, and it is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Our risk of loss is materially consistent with our contributions to date.

These investments were recorded as other assets in our unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2026.

Restructuring Charges

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we incurred restructuring charges of $2 million and $4 million, respectively. The charges related to the design and implementation of our new accounts receivable system. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we paid $4 million and $3 million, respectively, related to these restructuring efforts.

3. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

A summary of the activity and balances in goodwill accounts by reporting segment follows:

Other Intangible Assets, Net

Other intangible assets, net, is primarily comprised of values assigned to customer relationships, which are amortized over periods ranging from 1 to 15 years. A summary of the activity and balances by intangible asset type follows:

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4. OTHER ASSETS

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

A summary of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:

Other Assets

A summary of other assets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:

5. OTHER LIABILITIES

Other Accrued Liabilities

A summary of other accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:

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Other Long-Term Liabilities

A summary of other long-term liabilities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:

6. LANDFILL AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS

As of March 31, 2026, we owned or operated 209 active landfills, and we had post-closure responsibility for 124 closed landfills.

Accrued Landfill and Environmental Costs

A summary of accrued landfill and environmental liabilities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:

Final Capping, Closure and Post-Closure Costs

The following table summarizes the activity in our asset retirement obligation liabilities, which includes liabilities for final capping, closure and post-closure, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

We review annually, in the fourth quarter, and update as necessary, our estimates of asset retirement obligation liabilities. However, if there are significant changes in the facts and circumstances related to a site during the year, we will update our assumptions prospectively in the period that we know all the relevant facts and circumstances and make adjustments as appropriate.

Landfill Operating Expenses

In the normal course of business, we incur various operating costs associated with environmental compliance. These costs include, among other things, leachate treatment and disposal, methane gas and groundwater monitoring, systems maintenance, interim cap maintenance, costs associated with the application of daily cover materials, and the legal and administrative costs of ongoing environmental compliance. These costs are expensed as cost of operations in the periods in which they are incurred.

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Environmental Remediation Liabilities

We accrue for remediation costs when they become probable and can be reasonably estimated. There can sometimes be a range of reasonable estimates of the costs associated with remediation of a site. In these cases, we use the amount within the range that constitutes our best estimate. If no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is at the low end of such range. It is reasonably possible that we will need to adjust the liabilities recorded for remediation to reflect the effects of new or additional information, to the extent such information impacts the costs, timing or duration of the required actions. If we used the reasonably possible high ends of our ranges, our aggregate potential remediation liability as of March 31, 2026 would be approximately $276 million higher than the amount recorded. Future changes in our estimates of the cost, timing or duration of the required actions could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The following table summarizes the activity in our environmental remediation liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

West Lake Landfill Superfund Site. Our subsidiary Bridgeton Landfill, LLC is one of several currently designated Potentially Responsible Parties for the West Lake Landfill Superfund site (West Lake) in Missouri. On September 27, 2018, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Record of Decision Amendment for West Lake that includes a total undiscounted cost estimate of $229 million over a four to five year design and construction timeline. On March 11, 2019, the EPA issued special notice letters under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) to Bridgeton Landfill, LLC and the other currently designated Potentially Responsible Parties to initiate negotiations to implement the remedy. On January 17, 2025, the EPA issued an Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) applying the prior Record of Decision Amendment to an increased number of acres at the site found to contain radiologically-impacted material. The ESD includes a revised undiscounted cost estimate of $392 million. At this time we are neither able to predict the final design of that remedy, nor estimate how much of the future response costs of the site our subsidiary may agree or be required to pay. During any subsequent administrative proceedings or litigation, our subsidiary will vigorously contest liability for the costs of remediating radiologically-impacted materials generated on behalf of the federal government during the Manhattan Project and delivered to the site by an Atomic Energy Commission licensee and its subcontractor. However, subsequent events related to remedy design, divisibility, or allocation may require us to modify our expected remediation liability.

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7. DEBT

The carrying value of our credit facilities, finance leases and long-term debt as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is listed in the following table, and is adjusted for unamortized discounts, deferred issuance costs and the unamortized portion of adjustments to fair value recorded in purchase accounting. Original issue discounts and adjustments to fair value recorded in purchase accounting are amortized to interest expense over the term of the applicable instrument using the effective interest method.

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Credit Facilities

Uncommitted Credit Facility

In January 2022, we entered into a $200 million unsecured uncommitted revolving credit facility (the Uncommitted Credit Facility). The Uncommitted Credit Facility bears interest at an annual percentage rate to be agreed upon by both parties. Borrowings under the Uncommitted Credit Facility can be used for working capital, letters of credit, and other general corporate purposes. The agreement governing our Uncommitted Credit Facility requires us to comply with certain covenants. The Uncommitted Credit Facility may be terminated by either party at any time. As of March 31, 2026, we had $50 million of borrowings outstanding under our Uncommitted Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2025, we had no borrowings outstanding under our Uncommitted Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility

In July 2024, we and our subsidiary, USE Canada Holdings, Inc. (the Canadian Borrower) entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Credit Facility) which amended and restated the unsecured revolving credit facility we entered into in August 2021. The total outstanding principal amount that we may borrow under the Credit Facility may not exceed the current aggregate lenders' commitments of $3.5 billion, and borrowings under the Credit Facility mature in July 2029. As permitted by the Credit Facility, we have the right to request two one-year extensions of the maturity date, but none of the lenders are committed to participate in such extensions. The Credit Facility also includes a feature that allows us to increase availability, at our option, by an aggregate amount of up to $1.0 billion through increased commitments from existing lenders or the addition of new lenders.

All loans to the Canadian Borrower and all loans denominated in Canadian dollars cannot exceed $1.0 billion (the Canadian Sublimit). The Canadian Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the aggregate commitments under the Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility in United States dollars bear interest at a Base Rate, a daily floating SOFR or a term SOFR, plus a current applicable margin of 0.805% based on our Debt Ratings (all as defined in the Credit Facility agreement). The Canadian dollar-denominated loans bear interest based on the Canadian Prime Rate or the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (all as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) plus a current applicable margin of 0.805% based on our Debt Ratings. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, C$261 million and C$204 million, respectively, were outstanding against the Canadian Sublimit.

The Credit Facility is subject to facility fees based on applicable rates defined in the Credit Facility agreement and the aggregate commitment, regardless of usage. The Credit Facility can be used for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, letters of credit and other general corporate purposes. The Credit Facility agreement requires us to comply with financial and other covenants. We may pay dividends and repurchase common stock if we are in compliance with these covenants.

We had $188 million and $425 million outstanding under the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We had $315 million and $319 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We also had $1.4 billion and $1.0 billion of principal borrowings outstanding under our commercial paper program as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. As a result, availability under the Credit Facility was $1.6 billion and $1.8 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Commercial Paper Program

In May 2022, we entered into a commercial paper program for the issuance and sale of unsecured commercial paper in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $500 million outstanding at any one time (the Commercial Paper Cap). In August 2022, the Commercial Paper Cap was increased to $1.0 billion, and in October 2023, was increased to $1.5 billion. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2026 was 4.069%. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2025 was 4.044%.

We had $1.4 billion and $1.0 billion principal value of commercial paper issued and outstanding under the program as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. In the event of a failed re-borrowing, we currently have availability under our Credit Facility to fund amounts currently borrowed under the commercial paper program until they are re-borrowed successfully. Accordingly, we have classified these borrowings as long-term in our consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

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Senior Notes and Debentures

In March 2025, we issued $500 million of 4.750% senior notes due 2030 and $700 million of 5.150% senior notes due 2035. We used the proceeds from the March 2025 notes issuance for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of a portion of amounts outstanding on our Credit Facility and a portion of outstanding borrowings under the Commercial Paper Program.

Our senior notes and debentures are general unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and rank equally with our other unsecured obligations.

Tax-Exempt Financings

As of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $1.4 billion of tax-exempt financings outstanding with maturities ranging from 2026 to 2056 and 2026 to 2054, respectively.

In March 2026, the California Municipal Finance Authority issued, for our benefit, $100 million in principal amount of Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds. The proceeds from the issuance, after deferred issuance costs, will be used to fund the acquisition, construction, improvement, installation, and/or equipping of certain solid waste disposal facilities located within California, of which $81 million had been incurred and reimbursed to us as of March 31, 2026. As of March 31, 2026, we had $292 million of restricted cash and marketable securities, of which $19 million represented proceeds from the issuance of the tax-exempt bonds.

We have $250 million of tax-exempt financings that have an initial remarketing period of 10 years. Our remaining tax-exempt financings are remarketed either quarterly or semiannually by remarketing agents to effectively maintain a variable yield. The holders of the bonds can put them back to the remarketing agents at the end of each interest period. If the remarketing agents are unable to remarket our bonds, the remarketing agents can put the bonds to us. In the event of a failed remarketing, we currently have availability under our Credit Facility to fund these bonds until they are remarketed successfully. Accordingly, we classified these borrowings as long-term in our consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Finance Leases and Other

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had finance leases and other liabilities of $443 million and $441 million, respectively, with maturities ranging from 2026 to 2063 for both periods, respectively.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, finance leases and other included $154 million and $148 million, respectively, related to construction costs for our corporate office building located in Phoenix, Arizona, which has been accounted for as a financing obligation.

8. INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rate, exclusive of non-controlling interests, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was 19.9% and 25.6%, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2026 reflects a benefit of $37 million due to our investments in renewable energy assets and $3 million due to investments in renewable natural gas projects and electric vehicle infrastructure.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 reflects a benefit of $2 million due to investments in renewable natural gas projects and commercial electric vehicles.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, net cash paid for income taxes was $4 million and $2 million, respectively.

We have deferred tax assets related to state net operating loss carryforwards with an estimated tax effect of $50 million available as of March 31, 2026. These state net operating loss carryforwards expire at various times between 2027 and 2046. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from some of our state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized due to limitations on these loss carryforwards in certain states. In recognition of this risk, as of March 31, 2026, we have provided a valuation allowance of $40 million.

We are subject to income tax in the United States and Canada, as well as multiple state jurisdictions. Our compliance with income tax rules and regulations is periodically audited by taxing authorities. These authorities may challenge the positions taken in our tax filings. Thus, to provide for certain potential tax exposures, we maintain liabilities for uncertain tax positions for our estimate of the final outcome of these examinations. Our federal statute of limitations applicable to our federal tax returns is closed through 2021. In addition, we are currently under state examination or administrative review in various jurisdictions for tax years 2013 through 2024.

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We recognize interest and penalties as incurred within the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of income. As of March 31, 2026, we accrued a liability for penalties of $3 million and a liability for interest (including interest on penalties) of $5 million related to our uncertain tax positions.

We believe the recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions are adequate. However, a significant assessment against us in excess of the liabilities recorded could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

9. SHARE REPURCHASES, DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Available Shares

We currently have approximately 10 million shares of common stock reserved for future grants under the Republic Services, Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan.

Share Repurchases

In October 2023, our Board of Directors approved a $3.0 billion share repurchase authorization effective January 1, 2024 and extending through December 31, 2026. Share repurchases under the program may be made through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. While the Board of Directors has approved the program, the timing of any purchases, the prices and the number of shares of common stock to be purchased will be determined by our management, at its discretion, and will depend upon market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program may be extended, suspended or discontinued at any time. On a quarterly basis, our Board of Directors reviews the intrinsic value of our stock and the parameters around which we repurchase our shares.

Share repurchase activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 follows (in millions, except per share amounts):

The average price paid per share, total repurchase costs and approximate maximum dollar value of the shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs exclude a 1% excise tax.

As of March 31, 2026, there were less than 1 million repurchased shares pending settlement, resulting in an associated $22 million of share repurchases unpaid and included within other accrued liabilities. As of March 31, 2025, there were no repurchased shares pending settlement. As of March 31, 2026, the remaining authorized purchase capacity under our October 2023 repurchase program was $1.4 billion.

Dividends

In February 2026, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.625 per share. Cash dividends declared were $192 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026. As of March 31, 2026, we recorded a quarterly dividend payable of $192 million to shareholders of record at the close of business on April 2, 2026.

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Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Republic Services, Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares (including vested but unissued restricted stock units and performance stock units) outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is based on the combined weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding, which include, where appropriate, the unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) and the unvested performance stock units (PSUs) at the expected attainment levels. We use the treasury stock method in computing diluted earnings per share.

Earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

10. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair Value Measurements

In measuring fair values of assets and liabilities, we use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs (Level 1) and minimize the use of unobservable inputs (Level 3). We also use market data or assumptions that we believe market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk when appropriate.

The carrying value for certain of our financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain other accrued liabilities, approximates fair value because of their short-term nature.

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As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following:

Total Debt

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying value of our total debt was $13.9 billion and $13.6 billion, respectively, and the fair value of our total debt was $13.6 billion and $13.5 billion, respectively. The estimated fair value of our fixed rate senior notes, debentures and certain tax-exempt financings is based on quoted market prices. The fair value of our remaining notes payable, tax-exempt financings and borrowings under our credit facilities approximates the carrying value because the interest rates are variable. The fair value estimates are based on Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. See Note 7, Debt, for further information related to our debt.

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11. SEGMENT REPORTING

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our operations through three field groups, referred to as Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. Group 1 is our recycling and waste business operating primarily in geographic areas located in the western United States. Group 2 is our recycling and waste business operating primarily in geographic areas located in the southeastern and mid-western United States, the eastern seaboard of the United States, and Canada. Group 3 is our environmental solutions business operating in geographic areas located across the United States and Canada. These groups are presented below as our reportable segments, which each provide integrated environmental services, including but not limited to collection, transfer, recycling and disposal.

Our chief operating decision maker (CODM) is Jon Vander Ark, President and Chief Executive Officer of Republic Services, Inc. Adjusted EBITDA is the single financial measure our CODM uses to evaluate segment profitability and returns, which informs resource allocation. For all segments, the CODM uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on invested capital). The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances and year-over-year growth on a monthly basis to assess the performance of each segment. Cost of operations and selling, general and administrative expenses are significant segment expenses used in the evaluation.

Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 follows:

(1) The Recycling & Waste Subtotal represents the combined results of our Group 1 and Group 2 reportable segments.

Corporate entities and other includes marketing, operations support, business development, legal, tax, treasury, information technology, risk management, human resources and other administrative functions. National Accounts revenue included in Corporate entities and other represents the portion of revenue generated from nationwide and regional contracts in markets outside our operating areas where the associated material handling is subcontracted to local operators. Revenue and overhead costs of Corporate entities and other are either specifically assigned or allocated on a rational and consistent basis among our reportable segments to calculate Adjusted EBITDA.

Intercompany revenue reflects transactions within and between segments. Capital expenditures for Corporate entities and other

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

for the three months ended March 31, 2026 largely included investments in our digital platforms. Capital expenditures for Corporate entities and other for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily included vehicle inventory acquired but not yet assigned to operating locations and facilities.

As presented in the table below, Adjusted EBITDA reflects certain adjustments for loss from unconsolidated equity method investments, restructuring charges, and gain on business divestitures and impairments, net. This presentation is consistent with how our CODM reviews our results of operations to make resource allocation decisions.

A reconciliation of the Company's single measure of segment profitability (segment Adjusted EBITDA) to income before income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income is as follows:

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

12. REVENUE AND CREDIT LOSSES

Our operations primarily consist of providing environmental services. The following table disaggregates our revenue by service line for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenue):

Other non-core revenue consists primarily of revenue from National Accounts, which represents the portion of revenue generated from nationwide or regional contracts in markets outside our operating areas where the associated material handling is subcontracted to local operators. Consequently, substantially all of this revenue is offset with related subcontract costs, which are recorded in cost of operations.

Intercompany revenue reflects transactions within and between lines of business.

See Note 11, Segment Reporting, for additional information regarding revenue by reportable segment.

Revenue Recognition

Our service obligations of a long-term nature, e.g., certain collection service contracts, are satisfied over time, and we recognize revenue based on the value provided to the customer during the period. The amount billed to the customer is based on variable elements such as the number of residential homes or businesses for which collection services are provided, the volume of material collected, treated, transported and disposed, and the nature of the material accepted. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for these contracts as our right to consideration corresponds directly to the value provided to the customer for services completed to date and all future variable consideration is allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations.

Additionally, certain elements of our long-term customer contracts are unknown upon entering into the contract, including the amount that will be billed in accordance with annual price escalation clauses, our fuel recovery fee program and commodity prices. The amount to be billed is often tied to changes in an underlying base index such as a consumer price index or a fuel or commodity index, and revenue can be recognized once the index is established for the period.

Environmental solutions revenue is primarily generated from the fees we charge for the collection, treatment, consolidation, disposal and recycling of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, field and industrial services, equipment rental, emergency response and standby services and in-plant services, such as transportation and logistics, including at our treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDF). Activity for this service line varies across markets and reflects the regulatory environment, pricing and disposal alternatives available in any given market. Revenue recognized is variable in nature and primarily based on the

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

volume and type of waste accepted or processed during the period. For certain field and industrial services contracts, we have a right to consideration from our customers in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company's performance completed to date. Therefore, we have applied the practical expedient to recognize revenue for the amount to which we have the right to invoice.

Deferred Revenue

The factors that impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized for each service line may vary based on the nature of the service performed. Generally, we recognize revenue at the time we perform a service. In the event that we bill for services in advance of performance, we recognize deferred revenue for the amount billed and subsequently recognize revenue at the time the service is provided. Depending on the nature of the contract, we may also generate revenue through the collection of fuel recovery fees and environmental fees which are designed to recover our internal costs of providing services to our customers.

Substantially all of the deferred revenue recognized as of December 31, 2025 was recognized as revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2026 when the service was performed.

Deferred Contract Costs

We incur certain upfront payments to acquire customer contracts which are recognized as other assets in our consolidated balance sheet, and we amortize the asset over the respective contract life. In addition, we recognize sales commissions that represent an incremental cost of the contract as other assets in our consolidated balance sheet, and we amortize the asset over the average life of the customer relationship. For the periods ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we recognized $78 million and $81 million, respectively, of deferred contract costs and capitalized sales commissions.

Credit Losses

Accounts receivable represent receivables from customers for environmental services, including collection and processing of recyclable materials, collection, transfer, and disposal of solid waste, and environmental solutions. Our receivables are recorded when billed or when the related revenue is earned and represent claims against third parties that will be settled in cash. The carrying value of our receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits, represents their estimated net realizable value.

We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on various factors including the age of receivables outstanding, historical trends, economic conditions and other information. We also review outstanding balances on an account-specific basis based on the credit risk of the customer. We determined that all of our accounts receivable share similar risk characteristics. We monitor our credit exposure on an ongoing basis and assess whether assets in the pool continue to display similar risk characteristics. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, but generally do not require collateral to support customer receivables.

The following table reflects the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

We are subject to extensive and evolving laws and regulations and have implemented safeguards to respond to regulatory requirements. In the normal course of our business, we become involved in legal proceedings. Some may result in fines, penalties or judgments against us, or settlements, which may impact earnings and cash flows for a particular period. Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of any legal matter with certainty, we do not believe the outcome of any of our pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

As used herein, the term legal proceedings refers to litigation and similar claims against us and our subsidiaries, excluding: (1) ordinary course accidents, general commercial liability and workers' compensation claims, which are covered by insurance programs, subject to customary deductibles, and which, together with insured employee health care costs, are discussed in Note

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

5, Other Liabilities; and (2) environmental remediation liabilities, which are discussed in Note 6, Landfill and Environmental Costs.

We accrue for legal proceedings when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, we review each of our legal proceedings and, where it is probable that a liability has been incurred, we accrue for all probable and reasonably estimable losses. Where we can reasonably estimate a range of losses we may incur regarding such a matter, we record an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes our best estimate. If we can reasonably estimate a range but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is the low end of such range. As of March 31, 2026, we estimate that the probable and reasonably estimable outcomes of any such legal proceedings, as well as the aggregate potential liability using reasonably possible high ends of our ranges, are immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Multiemployer Pension Plans

We participate in multiemployer pension plans that generally provide retirement benefits to participants of contributing employers. We do not administer these plans.

Under current law regarding multiemployer pension plans, our withdrawal (which we consider from time to time) or the mass withdrawal from any under-funded multiemployer pension plan (each, a Withdrawal Event) could require us to make payments to the plan for our proportionate share of the plan’s unfunded vested liabilities. During the course of operating our business, we incur Withdrawal Events regarding certain of the multiemployer pension plans in which we participate. We accrue for such events when losses become probable and reasonably estimable.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents as presented in the statement of cash flows are reconciled as follows:

Our restricted cash and marketable securities include amounts pledged to regulatory agencies and governmental entities as financial guarantees of our performance under certain collection, landfill and transfer station contracts and permits and relating to our final capping, closure and post-closure obligations at our landfills as well as restricted cash and marketable securities related to our insurance obligations.

The following table summarizes our restricted cash and marketable securities:

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations, other than short-term operating leases and financial assurances, which are not classified as debt. We have no transactions or obligations with related parties that are not disclosed, consolidated into or reflected in our reported financial position or results of operations. We have not guaranteed any third-party debt.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Republic is one of the largest providers of environmental services in the United States, as measured by revenue. As of March 31, 2026, we operated across the United States and Canada through 381 collection operations, 258 transfer stations, 81 recycling centers, 209 active landfills, 2 treatment, recovery and disposal facilities, 24 treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDF), 5 salt water disposal wells, 15 deep injection wells, 10 industrial wastewater treatment facilities and 2 polymer centers. We are engaged in 85 landfill gas-to-energy and other renewable energy projects and had post-closure responsibility for 124 closed landfills as of March 31, 2026.

Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 increased by 2.6% to $4,113 million compared to $4,009 million for the same period in 2025. This change in revenue is due to increases in average yield of 3.4%, increased revenue from acquisitions, net of divestitures of 1.1% and increased fuel recovery fees of 0.2%. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in environmental solutions revenue of 1.3% and a decrease in volume of 0.8%.

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The following table summarizes our revenue, expenses and operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenue):

Our pre-tax income was $656 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $665 million for the same period in 2025. Our net income attributable to Republic Services, Inc. was $525 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, or $1.70 per diluted share, compared to $495 million, or $1.58 per diluted share, for the same period in 2025.

During each of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we recorded a number of charges, other expenses and benefits that impacted our pre-tax income, tax expense, net income attributable to Republic Services, Inc. (net income – Republic) and diluted earnings per share as noted in the following table (in millions, except per share data). Additionally, see our Results of Operations discussion in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a discussion of other items that impacted our earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(1) The income tax effect related to our adjustments includes both the current and deferred income tax impact and is individually calculated based on the statutory rates applicable to each adjustment.

(2) The aggregate impact to adjusted diluted earnings per share totals to less than $0.01 for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

We believe that presenting adjusted pre-tax income, adjusted tax impact, adjusted net income – Republic, and adjusted diluted earnings per share, which are not measures determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, provides an understanding of operational activities before the financial impact of certain items. We use these measures, and believe investors will find them helpful, in understanding the ongoing performance of our operations separate from items that have a disproportionate impact on our results for a particular period. We have incurred comparable charges, costs and recoveries in prior periods, and similar types of adjustments can reasonably be expected to be recorded in future periods. Our definitions of adjusted pre-tax income, adjusted tax impact, adjusted net income – Republic, and adjusted diluted earnings per share may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Further information on these adjustments is included below.

Restructuring charges. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we incurred restructuring charges of $2 million and $4 million, respectively. The charges related to the design and implementation of our new accounts receivable system. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we paid $4 million and $3 million, respectively, related to these restructuring efforts.

During the remainder of 2026, we expect to incur additional restructuring charges of approximately $20 million, related primarily to the continuing design and implementation of our new accounts receivable system. Substantially all of these restructuring charges will be recorded in Corporate entities and other.

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Gain on business divestitures and impairments, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we recorded a net gain on business divestitures and impairments of $1 million and $2 million, respectively.

Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue by providing environmental services to our customers, including the collection and processing of recyclable materials, the collection, treatment, consolidation, transfer and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and other environmental solutions. Our residential, small-container and large-container collection operations in some markets are based on long-term contracts with municipalities. Certain of our municipal contracts have annual price escalation clauses that are tied to changes in an underlying base index such as a consumer price index. We generally provide small-container and large-container collection services to customers under contracts with terms up to three years. Our transfer stations and landfills generate revenue from disposal or tipping fees charged to third parties. Our recycling centers generate revenue from tipping fees charged to third parties and the sale of recycled commodities. Our revenue from environmental solutions is primarily generated by (1) fees we charge for the collection, treatment, transfer and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, (2) field and industrial services, (3) equipment rental, (4) emergency response and standby services, (5) in-plant services, such as transportation and logistics, including at our TSDFs and (6) in-plant services such as high-pressure cleaning, tank cleaning, decontamination, remediation, transportation, spill cleanup and emergency response at refineries, chemical, steel and automotive plants and other governmental, commercial and industrial facilities. Other non-core revenue consists primarily of revenue from National Accounts, which represents the portion of revenue generated from nationwide or regional contracts in markets outside our operating areas where the associated material handling is subcontracted to local operators. Consequently, substantially all of this revenue is offset with related subcontract costs, which are recorded in cost of operations. The following table reflects our revenue by service line for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenue):

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The following table reflects changes in components of our revenue, as a percentage of total revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

Average yield is defined as revenue growth from the change in average price per unit of service, expressed as a percentage. Core price is defined as price increases to our customers and fees, excluding fuel recovery fees, net of price decreases to retain customers. We also measure changes in core price, average yield and volume as a percentage of related-business revenue, defined as total revenue excluding recycled commodities, fuel recovery fees and environmental solutions revenue, to determine the effectiveness of our pricing and organic growth strategies.

The following table reflects core price, average yield and volume as a percentage of related-business revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we experienced the following changes in our revenue as compared to the same period in 2025:

• Average yield increased revenue by 3.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 due to positive pricing changes in all lines of business.
• The fuel recovery fee program, which mitigates our exposure to increases in fuel prices, increased revenue by 0.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, due to an increase in fuel prices compared to the same period in 2025.
• Volume decreased revenue by 0.8% during the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to a decrease in volume in our collection lines of business. The decline in revenue in our large-container collection line of business was primarily driven by a slowing in construction-related activity and certain manufacturing end markets. The decline in our residential and small-container collection lines of business is primarily attributable to certain municipal contract losses and broker-related business.

The decrease in overall volume during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was partially offset by an increase in solid waste and special waste volumes in our landfill line of business. The increase in overall landfill volumes was partially offset by a decline in construction and demolition volumes, which was primarily related to non-recurring Hurricane Helene recovery efforts in 2025.

• There was no net change to revenue as a result of recycling processing and commodity sales during the three months ended March 31, 2026. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, volume increased at our Polymer Centers and from acquisitions. The volume increase was offset by a decrease in overall commodity prices compared to the same

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period in 2025. The average price for recycled commodities at our recycling centers, excluding glass and organics, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $120 per ton compared to $155 per ton for the same period in 2025.

Changing market demand for recycled commodities causes volatility in commodity prices. At current volumes and mix of materials, we believe a $10 per ton change in the price of recycled commodities would change both annual revenue and operating income by approximately $13 million.

• Environmental solutions decreased revenue by 1.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to a decline in emergency response activity.
• Acquisitions, net of divestitures, increased revenue by 1.1% during the three months ended March 31, 2026, reflecting the results of our continued growth strategy of acquiring environmental services companies that complement and expand our existing business platform.

Cost of Operations

Cost of operations includes labor and related benefits, which consists of salaries and wages, health and welfare benefits, incentive compensation and payroll taxes. It also includes transfer and disposal costs representing tipping fees paid to third party disposal facilities and transfer stations; maintenance and repairs relating to our vehicles, equipment and containers, including related labor and benefit costs; transportation and subcontractor costs, which include costs for independent haulers that transport our waste to disposal facilities and costs for local operators that provide waste handling services associated with our National Accounts in markets outside our standard operating areas; fuel, which includes the direct cost of fuel used by our vehicles, net of fuel tax credits; disposal fees and taxes, consisting of landfill taxes, host community fees and royalties; landfill operating costs, which includes financial assurance, leachate disposal, remediation charges and other landfill maintenance costs; risk management costs, which include insurance premiums and claims; cost of goods sold, which includes material costs paid to suppliers; and other, which includes expenses such as facility operating costs, equipment rent and gains or losses on sale of assets used in our operations.

The following table summarizes the major components of our cost of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenue):

These cost categories may change from time to time and may not be comparable to similarly titled categories presented by other companies. As such, you should take care when comparing our cost of operations by component to that of other companies and of ours for prior periods.

The most significant items impacting our cost of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are summarized below:

• Labor and related benefits increased in aggregate dollars due to higher hourly and salaried wages as a result of annual merit increases as well as acquisition related growth, partially offset by lower collection volumes.
• Transfer and disposal costs increased in aggregate dollars primarily due to an increase in disposal rates.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, approximately 68% and 67%, respectively, of the total solid waste volume we collected was disposed at landfill sites that we owned or operated (internalization).

• Our fuel costs increased during the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to an increase in the average diesel fuel price per gallon. The national average diesel fuel price per gallon for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $4.12 and $3.63, respectively.

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At current consumption levels, we believe a twenty-cent per gallon change in the price of diesel fuel would change our fuel costs by approximately $26 million per year. Offsetting these changes in fuel expense would be changes in our fuel recovery fee charged to our customers. At current participation rates, a twenty-cent per gallon change in the price of diesel fuel would change our fuel recovery fee by approximately $42 million per year.

• Other costs of operations increased due to increased occupancy and facility related expenses as well as a favorable non-recurring insurance recovery recognized during 2025 that did not repeat in 2026.

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization of Property and Equipment

The following table summarizes depreciation, depletion and amortization of property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenue):

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment increased for the three months ended March 31, 2026, largely due to an increased investment in trucks and the supporting infrastructure as well as the addition of assets through acquisitions.

Landfill depletion and amortization expense decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to recognition of certain favorable amortization adjustments related to our asset retirement obligations, partially offset by increased volumes and a higher overall depletion rate.

Amortization of Other Intangible Assets

Amortization of other intangible assets primarily relates to customer relationships. Expenses for amortization of other intangible assets were $23 million, or 0.6% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $21 million, or 0.5% of revenue, for the same period in 2025. Amortization expense increased due to assets added through acquisition activity.

Amortization of Other Assets

Our other assets primarily relate to the prepayment of fees and capitalized implementation costs associated with cloud-based hosting arrangements. Expenses for amortization of other assets were $35 million, or 0.9% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $24 million, or 0.6% of revenue, for the same period in 2025.

Accretion Expense

Accretion expense was $30 million, or 0.7% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $28 million, or 0.7% of revenue, for the same period in 2025.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries, health and welfare benefits, and incentive compensation for corporate and field general management, field support functions, sales force, accounting and finance, legal, management information systems, and clerical and administrative departments. Other expenses include rent and office costs, fees for professional services provided by third parties, legal settlements, marketing, investor and community relations services, directors’ and officers’ insurance, general employee relocation, travel, entertainment and bank charges. Restructuring charges are excluded from selling, general and administrative expenses and are discussed separately.

The following table summarizes our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenue):

These cost categories may change from time to time and may not be comparable to similarly titled categories presented by other companies. As such, you should take care when comparing our selling, general and administrative expenses by cost component to those of other companies and of ours for prior periods.

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The most significant items affecting our selling, general and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are summarized below:

• Salaries and related benefits increased primarily due to higher wages and benefits resulting from annual merit increases as well as acquisition-related growth.
• Other selling, general and administrative expenses decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 primarily due to a favorable legal settlement recognized during the period.

Restructuring Charges

For a discussion of Restructuring Charges incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, see Overview of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Gain on business divestitures and impairments, net

For additional information on Gain on business divestitures and impairments, net incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, see Overview of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Interest Expense

The following table provides the components of interest expense, including accretion of debt discounts and accretion of discounts primarily associated with environmental and risk insurance liabilities assumed in acquisitions, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars):

Total interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 increased primarily due to a higher overall debt balance, partially offset by lower interest rates on our debt compared to the same period in 2025.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, cash paid for interest was $117 million and $105 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2026, we had $2.8 billion of principal floating rate debt. If interest rates increased or decreased by 100 basis points on our floating rate debt, annualized interest expense and net cash payments for interest would increase or decrease by approximately $28 million.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate, exclusive of non-controlling interests, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was 19.9% and 25.6%, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2026 reflects a benefit of $37 million due to our investments in renewable energy assets and $3 million due to investments in renewable natural gas projects and electric vehicle infrastructure.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 reflects a benefit of $2 million due to investments in renewable natural gas projects and commercial electric vehicles.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, net cash paid for income taxes was $4 million and $2 million, respectively.

For additional discussion and detail regarding our income taxes, see Note 8, Income Taxes, to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Reportable Segments

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our operations through three field groups, referred to as Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. Group 1 is our recycling and waste business operating primarily in geographic areas located in the western United States. Group 2 is our recycling and waste business operating primarily in geographic areas located in the southeastern and mid-western United States, the eastern seaboard of the United States, and Canada. Group 3 is our environmental solutions business operating in geographic areas located across the United States and Canada. These groups are presented below as our reportable segments, which each provide integrated environmental services, including but not limited to collection, transfer, recycling and disposal.

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Corporate entities and other includes marketing, operations support, business development, legal, tax, treasury, information technology, risk management, human resources and other administrative functions. National Accounts revenue included in Corporate entities and other represents the portion of revenue generated from nationwide and regional contracts in markets outside our operating areas where the associated material handling is subcontracted to local operators. Consequently, substantially all of this revenue is offset with related subcontract costs, which are recorded in cost of operations. Revenue and overhead costs of Corporate entities and other are either specifically assigned or allocated on a rational and consistent basis among our reportable segments to calculate Adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted EBITDA is the single financial measure our chief operating decision maker (CODM) uses to evaluate operating segment profitability and determine resource allocations. Cost of operations and selling, general and administrative are significant segment expenses used in the evaluation. Summarized financial information regarding our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions of dollars) follows. For totals as well as further detail regarding our reportable segments and the adjustments used to calculate Adjusted EBITDA for each segment, see Note 11, Segment Reporting, of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

(1) The Recycling & Waste Subtotal represents the combined results of our Group 1 and Group 2 reportable segments.

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Significant changes in the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA of our reportable segments comparing the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are discussed below.

Group 1

Adjusted EBITDA in Group 1 increased from $598 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $669 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

The most significant items impacting Adjusted EBITDA in Group 1 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 include:

• Net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 increased 7.3% due to an increase in average yield in all lines of business. Net revenue also increased due to higher special waste and solid waste volumes in our landfill line of business, as well as an increase in our small-container collection line of business. The increases were partially offset by decreased volume in our residential collection line of business. Construction and demolition volume also decreased in our landfill line of business.
• Cost of operations increased primarily due to an increase in labor costs and fuel costs.

Group 2

Adjusted EBITDA in Group 2 decreased from $577 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $575 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

The most significant items impacting Adjusted EBITDA in Group 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 include:

• Net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 increased 1.0% due to an increase in average yield in all lines of business and increased special waste volumes in our landfill line of business. These increases were partially offset by decreased volumes in our collection and transfer lines of business. Construction and demolition volume also decreased in our landfill line of business primarily related to non-recurring Hurricane Helene recovery efforts in 2025.
• Cost of operations increased primarily due to an increase in labor costs and fuel costs.

Group 3

Adjusted EBITDA in Group 3 decreased from $93 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $78 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

The most significant items impacting Adjusted EBITDA in Group 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 include:

• Net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 decreased 9.8% primarily due to a decline in emergency response activity, partially offset by acquisition related growth and price increases relative to the same period in 2025.
• Cost of operations decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2026 primarily due to a decrease in subcontract costs relative to the same period in 2025.

Landfill and Environmental Matters

Available Airspace

As of March 31, 2026, we owned or operated 209 active landfills with total available disposal capacity estimated to be 5.1 billion in-place cubic yards. For these landfills, the following table reflects changes in capacity and remaining capacity, as measured in cubic yards of airspace:

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Total available disposal capacity represents the sum of estimated permitted airspace plus an estimate of probable expansion airspace. Engineers develop these estimates at least annually using information provided by annual aerial surveys. Before airspace included in an expansion area is determined to be probable expansion airspace and, therefore, included in our calculation of total available disposal capacity, it must meet all of our expansion criteria.

As of March 31, 2026, 14 of our landfills met all of our criteria for including their probable expansion airspace in our total available disposal capacity. At projected annual volumes, these 14 landfills have an estimated remaining average site life of 31 years, including probable expansion airspace. The average estimated remaining life of all of our landfills is 56 years. We have other expansion opportunities that are not included in our total available airspace because they do not meet all of our criteria for treatment as probable expansion airspace.

Remediation and Other Charges for Landfill Matters

It is reasonably possible that we will need to adjust our accrued landfill and environmental liabilities to reflect the effects of new or additional information, to the extent that such information impacts the costs, timing or duration of the required actions. Future changes in our estimates of the costs, timing or duration of the required actions could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

For a description of our significant remediation matters, see Note 6, Landfill and Environmental Costs, of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Property and Equipment

The following tables reflect the activity in our property and equipment accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2026:

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following is a summary of our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and marketable securities balances as of:

Our restricted cash and marketable securities includes amounts pledged to regulatory agencies and governmental entities as financial guarantees of our performance under certain collection, landfill and transfer station contracts and permits and relating to our final capping, closure and post-closure obligations at our landfills as well as restricted cash and marketable securities related to our insurance obligations.

The following table summarizes our restricted cash and marketable securities:

Material Cash Requirements and Intended Uses of Cash

We expect existing cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities, cash flows from operations and financing activities to continue to be sufficient to fund our operating activities and cash commitments for investing and financing activities for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. Our known current- and long-term uses of cash include, among other possible demands: (1) capital expenditures and leases; (2) acquisitions; (3) dividend payments; (4) payments to service debt and other long-term obligations; (5) payments for asset retirement obligations and environmental liabilities; and (6) share repurchases.

We may choose to voluntarily retire certain portions of our outstanding debt before their maturity dates using cash from operations or additional borrowings. We may also explore opportunities in the capital markets to fund redemptions of our debt should market conditions be favorable. Early extinguishment of debt will result in a loss in the period in which the debt is repaid. The loss on early extinguishment of debt relates to premiums paid to effectuate the repurchase and the relative portion of unamortized note discounts and debt issue costs.

Acquisitions

Our acquisition growth strategy focuses primarily on acquiring privately held recycling and waste companies and environmental solutions businesses that complement our existing business platform. We continue to invest in value-enhancing acquisitions in existing markets.

We expect to invest at least $1 billion in acquisitions in 2026.

Summary of Cash Flow Activity

The major components of changes in cash flows are discussed in the following paragraphs. The following table summarizes our cash flow from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

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Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities

We use cash flows from operations to fund our operating activities, capital expenditures and leases, acquisitions, dividend payments, share repurchases, interest payments and repayments of debt and other long-term obligations, and payments for asset retirement obligations and environmental liabilities.

The most significant items affecting the comparison of our cash flows provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are summarized below.

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from business acquisitions and divestitures, increased our cash flow from operations by $83 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to an increase of $19 million during the same period in 2025, primarily as a result of the following:

• Our accounts receivable, exclusive of the change in allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits, increased $25 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 due to the timing of billings, net of collections, compared to an $18 million increase in the same period in 2025. As of March 31, 2026, our days sales outstanding were 42.4, or 31.8 days net of deferred revenue, compared to 42.1, or 30.7 days net of deferred revenue, as of March 31, 2025.
• Our prepaid expenses and other assets decreased $49 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a $90 million decrease in the same period in 2025. The decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets during the three months ended March 31, 2026 is primarily driven by a decrease of tax receivables due to the timing of our estimated tax payments, partially offset by an increase in capitalized implementation costs for our cloud-based hosting arrangements. The decrease in our tax receivable during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was favorably impacted by changes to the tax treatment of bonus depreciation resulting from the One Big Beautiful Bill Act that was signed into law in July 2025, as well as the timing of estimated benefits from investments in renewable energy assets qualifying for tax credits under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code, compared to the same period in 2025.
• Our accounts payable increased $49 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a $42 million decrease in the same period in 2025, primarily due to the timing of payments.
• Cash paid for capping, closure and post-closure obligations was $9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $8 million in the same period in 2025.
• Cash paid for remediation obligations was $2 million higher during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025.
• Our other liabilities increased $30 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a $6 million increase in the same period in 2025, primarily due to a decrease in payment for certain incentive compensation accruals.

In addition, cash paid for interest was $117 million and $105 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Cash paid for incomes taxes was $4 million and $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

The most significant items affecting the comparison of our cash flows used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are summarized below:

• Capital expenditures during the three months ended March 31, 2026 were $476 million, compared with $459 million for the same period in 2025.
• During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we paid $437 million and $834 million, respectively, for acquisitions and investments.

We intend to finance future capital expenditures and acquisitions through cash on hand, restricted cash held for capital expenditures, cash flows from operations, our revolving credit facilities, and tax-exempt bonds and other financings.

Cash Flows (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities

The most significant items affecting the comparison of our cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are summarized below:

• Net proceeds from notes payable and long-term debt were $275 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to net payments of $646 million during the same period in 2025. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, we issued $1,200 million of senior notes for cash proceeds, net of discounts and fees, of $1,186 million. For a more detailed discussion, see the Financial Condition section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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• During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we repurchased 1.3 million shares of our common stock for $292 million compared to repurchases of 0.3 million shares for $55 million during the same period in 2025.
• Dividends paid were $193 million and $181 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Financial Condition

Debt Obligations

As of March 31, 2026, we had $547 million of principal debt maturing within the next 12 months, which includes certain finance lease obligations. All of our tax-exempt financings are remarketed either quarterly or semiannually by remarketing agents to effectively maintain a variable yield, with the exception of three tax-exempt financings each with initial remarketing periods of 10 years. The holders of the bonds can put them back to the remarketing agents at the end of each interest period. If the remarketing agents are unable to remarket our bonds, the remarketing agents can put the bonds to us. In the event of a failed remarketing, as of March 31, 2026, we had availability under our Credit Facility to fund the repurchase of these bonds until they are remarketed successfully. In the event of a failed re-borrowing under our commercial paper program, as of March 31, 2026, we had availability under our Credit Facility to fund the commercial paper program until it is re-borrowed successfully. Accordingly, we have classified these tax-exempt financings and commercial paper program borrowings as long-term in our unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2026.

For further discussion of the components of our overall debt, see Note 7, Debt, of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Credit Facilities

Uncommitted Credit Facility

In January 2022, we entered into a $200 million unsecured uncommitted revolving credit facility (the Uncommitted Credit Facility). The Uncommitted Credit Facility bears interest at an annual percentage rate to be agreed upon by both parties. Borrowings under the Uncommitted Credit Facility can be used for working capital, letters of credit, and other general corporate purposes. The agreement governing our Uncommitted Credit Facility requires us to comply with certain covenants. The Uncommitted Credit Facility may be terminated by either party at any time. As of March 31, 2026, we had $50 million of borrowings outstanding under our Uncommitted Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2025, we had no borrowings outstanding under our Uncommitted Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility

In July 2024, we and our subsidiary, USE Canada Holdings, Inc. (the Canadian Borrower) entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Credit Facility) which amended and restated the unsecured revolving credit facility we entered into in August 2021. The total outstanding principal amount that we may borrow under the Credit Facility may not exceed the current aggregate lenders' commitments of $3.5 billion, and borrowings under the Credit Facility mature in July 2029. As permitted by the Credit Facility, we have the right to request two one-year extensions of the maturity date, but none of the lenders are committed to participate in such extensions. The Credit Facility also includes a feature that allows us to increase availability, at our option, by an aggregate amount of up to $1.0 billion through increased commitments from existing lenders or the addition of new lenders.

All loans to the Canadian Borrower and all loans denominated in Canadian dollars cannot exceed $1.0 billion (the Canadian Sublimit). The Canadian Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the aggregate commitments under the Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility in United States dollars bear interest at a Base Rate, a daily floating SOFR or a term SOFR plus a current applicable margin of 0.805% based on our Debt Ratings (all as defined in the Credit Facility agreement). The Canadian dollar-denominated loans bear interest based on the Canadian Prime Rate or the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (all as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) plus a current applicable margin of 0.805% based on our Debt Ratings. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, C$261 million and C$204 million, respectively, were outstanding against the Canadian Sublimit.

The Credit Facility is subject to facility fees based on applicable rates defined in the Credit Facility agreement and the aggregate commitment, regardless of usage. The Credit Facility can be used for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, letters of credit and other general corporate purposes. The Credit Facility agreement requires us to comply with financial and other covenants. We may pay dividends and repurchase common stock if we are in compliance with these covenants.

We had $188 million and $425 million outstanding under the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We had $315 million and $319 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We also had $1.4 billion and $1.0 billion of principal borrowings outstanding under

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our commercial paper program as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. As a result, availability under the Credit Facility was $1.6 billion and $1.8 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Credit Facility Financial and Other Covenants

The Credit Facility requires us to comply with financial and other covenants. To the extent we are not in compliance with these covenants, we cannot pay dividends or repurchase common stock. Compliance with covenants also is a condition for any incremental borrowings under the Credit Facility, and failure to meet these covenants would enable the lenders to require repayment of any outstanding loans (which would adversely affect our liquidity). Additionally, if we are not in compliance with these covenants, we could not use the availability under our Credit Facility to fund borrowings we currently make under our commercial paper program, if there is a failed reborrowing under that program. The Credit Facility provides that our total debt to EBITDA ratio may not exceed 3.75 to 1.00 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter. In the case of an "elevated ratio period", which may be elected by us if one or more acquisitions during a fiscal quarter involve aggregate consideration in excess of $200.0 million (the Trigger Quarter), the total debt to EBITDA ratio may not exceed 4.25 to 1.00 during the Trigger Quarter and for the three fiscal quarters thereafter. The Credit Facility also provides that there may not be more than two elevated ratio periods during the term of the Credit Facility agreement. As of March 31, 2026, our total debt to EBITDA ratio was approximately 2.6 compared to the 3.75 maximum allowed. As of March 31, 2026, we were in compliance with all other covenants under our Credit Facility.

EBITDA, which is a non-U.S. GAAP measure, is calculated as defined in our Credit Facility agreement. In this context, EBITDA is used solely to provide information regarding the extent to which we are in compliance with debt covenants and is not comparable to EBITDA used by other companies or used by us for other purposes.

Failure to comply with the financial and other covenants under the Credit Facility, as well as the occurrence of certain material adverse events, would constitute defaults and would allow the lenders under the Credit Facility to accelerate the maturity of all indebtedness under the Credit Facility. This could have an adverse effect on the availability of financial assurances. In addition, maturity acceleration on the Credit Facility constitutes an event of default under certain of our other debt and derivative instruments. If such acceleration were to occur, we would not have sufficient liquidity available to repay the indebtedness. We would likely have to seek an amendment under the Credit Facility for relief from the financial covenant or repay the debt with proceeds from the issuance of new debt or equity, or asset sales, if necessary. We may be unable to amend the Credit Facility or raise sufficient capital to repay such obligations in the event the maturity is accelerated.

Commercial Paper Program

In May 2022, we entered into a commercial paper program for the issuance and sale of unsecured commercial paper in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $500 million outstanding at any one time (the Commercial Paper Cap). In August 2022, the Commercial Paper Cap was increased to $1.0 billion, and in October 2023, was increased to $1.5 billion. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2026 was 4.069%. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2025 was 4.044%.

We had $1.4 billion and $1.0 billion principal value of commercial paper issued and outstanding under the program as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. In the event of a failed re-borrowing, we currently have availability under our Credit Facility to fund amounts currently borrowed under the commercial paper program until they are re-borrowed successfully. Accordingly, we have classified these borrowings as long-term in our consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Senior Notes and Debentures

In March 2025, we issued $500 million of 4.750% senior notes due 2030 and $700 million of 5.150% senior notes due 2035. We used the proceeds from the March 2025 notes issuance for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of a portion of amounts outstanding on our Credit Facility and a portion of outstanding borrowings under the Commercial Paper Program.

Our senior notes and debentures are general unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and rank equally with our other unsecured obligations.

Tax-Exempt Financings

As of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $1.4 billion of tax-exempt financings outstanding with maturities ranging from 2026 to 2056 and 2026 to 2054, respectively.

In March 2026, the California Municipal Finance Authority issued, for our benefit, $100 million in principal amount of Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds. The proceeds from the issuance, after deferred issuance costs, will be used to fund the acquisition, construction, improvement, installation, and/or equipping of certain solid waste disposal facilities located within California, of which $81 million had been incurred and reimbursed to us as of March 31, 2026. As of March 31, 2026, we had $292 million of restricted cash and marketable securities, of which $19 million represented proceeds from the issuance of the tax-exempt bonds.

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We have $250 million of tax-exempt financings that have an initial remarketing period of 10 years. Our remaining tax-exempt financings are remarketed either quarterly or semiannually by remarketing agents to effectively maintain a variable yield. The holders of the bonds can put them back to the remarketing agents at the end of each interest period. If the remarketing agents are unable to remarket our bonds, the remarketing agents can put the bonds to us. In the event of a failed remarketing, we currently have availability under our Credit Facility to fund these bonds until they are remarketed successfully. Accordingly, we classified these borrowings as long-term in our consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Finance Leases and Other

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had finance leases and other liabilities of $443 million and $441 million, respectively, with maturities ranging from 2026 to 2063 for both periods, respectively.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, finance leases and other included $154 million and $148 million, respectively, related to construction costs for our corporate office building located in Phoenix, Arizona, which has been accounted for as a financing obligation.

Credit Ratings

Our continued access to the debt capital markets and to new financing facilities, as well as our borrowing costs, depend on multiple factors, including market conditions, our operating performance and maintaining strong credit ratings. As of March 31, 2026, our credit ratings were A- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, A- by Fitch Ratings, Inc. and A3 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. If our credit ratings were downgraded, especially any downgrade to below investment grade, our ability to access the debt markets with the same flexibility that we have experienced historically, our cost of funds and other terms for new debt issuances could be adversely impacted.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations, other than short-term operating leases and financial assurances, which are not classified as debt. We have no transactions or obligations with related parties that are not disclosed, consolidated into or reflected in our reported financial position or results of operations. We have not guaranteed any third-party debt.

Seasonality and Severe Weather

Our operations can be adversely affected by periods of inclement or severe weather, which could increase the volume of waste collected under our existing contracts (without corresponding compensation), delay the collection and disposal of waste, reduce the volume of waste delivered to our disposal sites, or delay the construction or expansion of our landfills and other facilities. Our operations also can be favorably affected by severe weather, which could increase the volume of waste in situations where we are able to charge for our additional services.

Contingencies

For a description of our commitments and contingencies, see Note 6, Landfill and Environmental Costs, Note 8, Income Taxes, and Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates

We identified and discussed our critical accounting judgments and estimates in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. Although we believe our estimates and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time the judgment or estimate is made. Actual results may differ significantly from estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of new accounting standards that may affect us, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation, to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Fuel Price Risk

Fuel costs represent a significant operating expense. When economically practical, we may enter into new fuel hedges, renew contracts, or engage in other strategies to mitigate market risk. As of March 31, 2026, we had no fuel hedges in place. While we charge fuel recovery fees to a majority of our customers, we are unable to charge such fees to all customers.

At current consumption levels, we believe a twenty-cent per gallon change in the price of diesel fuel would change our fuel costs by approximately $26 million per year. Offsetting these changes in fuel expense would result in changes in our fuel

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recovery fee charged to our customers. At current participation rates, we believe a twenty-cent per gallon change in the price of diesel fuel would change our fuel recovery fee by approximately $42 million per year.

Our operations also require the use of certain petrochemical-based products (such as liners at our landfills) the cost of which may vary with the price of petrochemicals. An increase in the price of petrochemicals could increase the cost of those products, which would increase our operating and capital costs. We also are susceptible to increases in fuel recovery fees from our vendors.

Our fuel costs were $124 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, or 3.0% of revenue, compared to $114 million, or 2.8% of revenue, during the comparable period in 2025.

Commodities Price Risk

We market recovered materials such as old corrugated containers and old newsprint from our recycling centers. Changes in market supply and demand for recycled commodities causes volatility in commodity prices. In prior periods, we have entered into derivative instruments such as swaps and costless collars designated as cash flow hedges to manage our exposure to changes in prices of these commodities. As of March 31, 2026, we had no recycling commodity hedges in place.

At current volumes and mix of materials, we believe a $10 change in the price of recycled commodities would change both annual revenue and operating income by approximately $13 million.

Revenue from recycling processing and commodity sales during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $112 million and $108 million, respectively.

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest rate risk on our variable rate long-term debt. Additionally, we enter into various interest rate swap agreements with the goal of reducing overall borrowing costs, as well as interest rate locks to manage exposure to fluctuations in anticipation of future debt issuances. Our interest rate swap and lock contracts have been authorized pursuant to our policies and procedures. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes and are not a party to any leveraged derivatives.

As of March 31, 2026, we had $2.8 billion of principal floating rate debt. If interest rates increased or decreased by 100 basis points on our floating rate debt, annualized interest expense and net cash payments for interest would increase or decrease by approximately $28 million. This analysis does not reflect the effect that interest rates would have on other items, such as new borrowings and the impact on the economy. See Note 7, Debt, of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information regarding how we manage interest rate risk.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e), and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Based on an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Form 10-Q identified in connection with that evaluation, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

General Legal Proceedings

We are subject to extensive and evolving laws and regulations and have implemented safeguards to respond to regulatory requirements. In the normal course of our business, we become involved in legal proceedings. Some may result in fines, penalties or judgments against us, or settlements, which may impact earnings and cash flows for a particular period. Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of any legal matter with certainty, we do not believe the outcome of any of our pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

As used in the immediately following paragraph, the term legal proceedings refers to litigation and similar claims against us and our subsidiaries, excluding: (1) ordinary course accidents, general commercial liability and workers' compensation claims, which are covered by insurance programs, subject to customary deductibles, and which, together with self-insured employee health care costs, are discussed in Note 5, Other Liabilities, to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; and (2) environmental remediation liabilities, which totaled $440 million at March 31, 2026 and which are discussed in Note 6, Landfill and Environmental Costs, to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We accrue for legal proceedings when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, we review each of our legal proceedings and, where it is probable that a liability has been incurred, we accrue for all probable and reasonably estimable losses. Where we can reasonably estimate a range of losses we may incur regarding such a matter, we record an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes our best estimate. If we can reasonably estimate a range but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is the low end of such range. As of March 31, 2026, we estimate that the probable and reasonably estimable outcomes of any such legal proceedings, as well as the aggregate potential liability using reasonably possible high ends of our ranges, are immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Legal Proceedings over Certain Environmental Matters Involving Governmental Authorities with Possible Sanctions of $1,000,000 or More

Item 103 of the SEC's Regulation S-K requires disclosure of certain environmental matters when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings and the proceedings involve potential monetary sanctions unless we reasonably believe the monetary sanctions will not equal or exceed a threshold which we determine is reasonably designed to result in disclosure of any such proceeding that is material to our business or financial condition. We have determined such disclosure threshold to be $1,000,000. We have no matters to disclose in accordance with that requirement.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information relating to our purchases of shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2026:

(a) In October 2023, our Board of Directors approved a $3 billion share repurchase authorization effective January 1, 2024 and extending through December 31, 2026. Share repurchases under the program may be made through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. While the Board of Directors has approved the program, the timing of any purchases, the prices and the number of shares of common stock to be purchased will be determined by our management, at its discretion, and will depend upon market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program may be extended, suspended or discontinued at any time. As of March 31, 2026, there were less than 1 million repurchased shares pending settlement.

(b) The total number of shares purchased as part of the publicly announced program were all purchased pursuant to the October 2023 authorization.

(c) Shares that may be purchased under the program exclude shares of common stock that may be surrendered to satisfy statutory minimum tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance stock units issued to employees.

(d) Excludes a 1% excise tax imposed by the Inflation Reduction Act.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, no director or officer adopted or terminated any contract, instrument or written plan for the purchase or sale of Republic securities intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number Description of Exhibit

31.1* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer. 31.2* Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer. 32.1** Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer. 32.2** Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer. 101.INS* XBRL Instance Document. - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 101.SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.LAB* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. 101.PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** This exhibit is being furnished rather than filed, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing, in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

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