Trustco Bank Corp TRST Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2026

• DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

2

3

4

5

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

6

Index

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

7

Index

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

8

Index

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

9

Index

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

10

Index

TRUSTCO BANK CORP N Y

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(1) Financial Statement Presentation

The unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “Company” or “TrustCo”) include the accounts of the Company’s subsidiary, Trustco Bank (also referred to as the “Bank”) and other subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. Prior period amounts are reclassified when necessary to conform to the current period presentation. The net income reported for the three months ended March 31, 2026 is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2026, or any interim periods. These financial statements consider events that occurred through the date of filing.

In the opinion of the management of the Company, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements contain all recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition as of March 31, 2026, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and the cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s year‑end Consolidated Financial Statements, including notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2025. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, therefore, do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flow activity required in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S.”).

The accounting policies of the Company, as applied in the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements presented herein, are substantially the same as those followed on an annual basis in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on March 16, 2026.

11

Index

(2) Earnings Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”). A reconciliation of the component parts of earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 there were no weighted average antidilutive stock options excluded from diluted earnings per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 there were approximately 8 thousand weighted average anti-dilutive stock options excluded from dilutive. The stock options were antidilutive because the strike price is greater than the average fair value of the Company’s common stock.

(3) Benefit Plans

The table below outlines the components of the Company’s net periodic benefit recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 for its pension and other post-retirement benefit plans:

The Company does not expect to contribute to its pension and post-retirement benefit plans in 2026. As of March 31, 2026, no contributions have been made; however, this decision is reviewed each quarter and is subject to change based upon market conditions.

12

Index

Since 2003, the Company has not subsidized retiree medical insurance premiums. However, it continues to provide medical benefits and post-retirement medical benefits to a limited number of current and retired executives in accordance with the terms of their employment contracts.

(4) Investment Securities

(a) Debt Securities available for sale

The amortized cost and fair value of the debt securities available for sale are as follows:

13

Index

The following table categorizes the debt securities included in the available for sale portfolio as of March 31, 2026, based on the securities’ final maturity. Actual maturities may differ because of securities prepayments and the right of certain issuers to call or prepay their obligations without penalty. Debt securities not due at a single maturity date are presented separately:

Gross unrealized losses on debt securities available for sale and the related fair values aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position, were as follows:

There was no allowance for credit losses recorded for debt securities available for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. There were no securities on non-accrual status and all securities were performing in accordance with contractual terms.

14

Index

The proceeds from sales and calls and maturities of debt securities available for sale, gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales and calls during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

There were no transfers of debt securities available for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(b) Held to maturity securities

The amortized cost and fair value of the held to maturity securities are as follows:

The following table categorizes the debt securities included in the held to maturity portfolio as of March 31, 2026, based on the securities’ final maturity. Actual maturities may differ because of securities prepayments and the right of certain issuers to call or prepay their obligations without penalty. Debt securities not due at a single maturity date are presented separately:

All held to maturity securities are held at cost on the financial statements.

15

Index

Gross unrecognized losses on held to maturity securities and the related fair values aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in an unrecognized loss position, were as follows:

There were no sales or transfers of held to maturity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

There was no allowance for credit losses recorded for held to maturity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. There was no credit loss expense recorded for held to maturity securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. There were no securities on non-accrual status and all securities were performing in accordance with contractual terms.

(c) Securities in an unrealized loss position

As of March 31, 2026, the Company’s securities portfolio included certain securities, which were in an unrealized loss position, and are discussed below.

16

Index

U.S. government sponsored enterprises:

In the case of unrealized losses on U.S. government sponsored enterprises, because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the first quarter of 2026. As of March 31, 2026, three out of three securities were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing.

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations – residential:

As of March 31, 2026, all mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations held by the Company were issued by U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies, primarily Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, institutions which the government has affirmed its commitment to support. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the first quarter of 2026. As of March 31, 2026, 110 out of 122 securities were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing.

Small Business Administration (SBA) - guaranteed participation securities:

As of March 31, 2026, all of the SBA securities held by the Company were issued and guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the first quarter of 2026. As of March 31, 2026, 8 out of 8 securities were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing.

Corporate Bonds:

As of March 31, 2026, corporate bonds held by the Company are investment grade quality. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during the first quarter of 2026. As of March 31, 2026, 10 out of 11 securities were in an unrealized loss position. All securities are performing.

17

Index

(5) Loan Portfolio and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables presents loans by portfolio segment:

*Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachussetts.

*Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachussetts.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company had approximately $44.0 million of real estate construction loans. Of the $44.0 million in real estate construction loans as of March 31, 2026, approximately $14.4 million are secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers while approximately $29.6 million were to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects. The majority of construction loans are in the Company’s New York market.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $41.9 million of real estate construction loans. Of the $41.9 million in real estate construction loans at December 31, 2025, approximately $11.9 million are secured by first mortgages to residential borrowers while approximately $30.0 million were to commercial borrowers for residential construction projects. The majority of construction loans held in 2025 were in the Company’s New York market.

18

Index

Allowance for credit losses on loans

The level of the allowance for credit losses on loans (“ACLL”) is based on factors that influence management’s current estimate of expected credit losses, including past events and current conditions. There were no changes in the Company’s methodology for the allowance for credit losses on loans for the period ended March 31, 2026. The Company selected the baseline economic forecast for the allowance for credit losses on loans based on current market conditions and portfolio trends. In addition, the Company’s four quarter forecast period and four quarter straight line reversion has not changed for the period ended March 31, 2026.

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $950 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2026, which is the result of a provision for credit losses on loans of $750 thousand and a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $200 thousand.

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $300 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025, which is the result of a provision for credit losses on loans of $100 thousand, and a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $200 thousand.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is summarized as follows:

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

19

Index

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (included within the Accrued expenses and other liabilities line item within the Statement of Financial Condition) with adjustments to the reserve recognized in provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is as follows:

Loan Credit Quality

The Company categorizes commercial loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. On at least an annual basis, the Company’s loan grading process analyzes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial loans and commercial real estate loans, individually by grading the loans based on credit risk. The loan grades assigned to all loan types are tested by the Company’s internal loan review department in accordance with the Company’s internal loan review policy.

20

Index

The Company uses the following definitions for classified loans:

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as such have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans not meeting the criteria above are considered to be “pass” rated loans.

For homogeneous loan pools, such as residential mortgages, home equity lines of credit, and installment loans, the Company uses payment status to identify the credit risk in these loan portfolios. Payment status is reviewed on a daily basis by the Bank’s collection area and on a monthly basis with respect to determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on loans. The payment status of these homogeneous pools as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is also included in the aging of the past due loans table. Nonperforming loans shown in the table below were loans on nonaccrual status and loans over 90 days past due and accruing.

21

Index

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans, and gross charge-offs for each loan type by origination year was as follows:

22

Index

The Company transfers loans to other real estate owned, at fair value less cost to sell, in the period the Company obtains physical possession of the property (through foreclosure or through a deed in lieu). Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Other real estate owned included $1.0 million and $1.0 million of commercial foreclosed properties, and $328 thousand and $358 thousand of residential foreclosed properties as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. In addition, non-accrual residential mortgage loans that are in the process of foreclosure had an amortized cost of $9.0 million and $9.1 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

23

Index

The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost in past due loans by loan class and by region as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

24

Index

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

As of March 31, 2026, there were no loans that were 90 days past due and still accruing interest. As a result, non-accrual loans include all loans 90 days or more past due as well as certain loans less than 90 days past due that were placed on non-accrual status for reasons other than delinquent status. There are no commitments to extend further credit on non-accrual loans or loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

Loans individually evaluated for impairment are residential non-accrual loans delinquent greater than 180 days, non-accrual commercial loans, as well as loans classified as loan modifications. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there was no allowance for credit losses based on the loans individually evaluated for impairment.

Residential and installment non-accrual loans which are not loan modifications or greater than 180 days delinquent are collectively evaluated to determine the allowance for credit loss.

25

Index

The following tables present the amortized cost basis in non-accrual loans by portfolio segment:

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

26

Index

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 89 days still accruing as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The non-accrual balance of $1.7 million and $1.9 million was collectively evaluated and the associated allowance for credit losses on loans was determined not to be material as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

27

Index

The following tables present the balance in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment evaluation as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

28

Index

A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for the collateral dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral dependent loans by portfolio segment as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are on non-accrual or loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Interest income recognized on loans that are individually evaluated was not material during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

As of March 31, 2026 and 2025 loans individually evaluated included approximately $6.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of loans in accruing status that were identified as loan modifications in accordance with regulatory guidance related to Chapter 7 and 13 bankruptcy loans.

Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and receives a modification in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or a term extension in the current period needs to be disclosed.

29

Index

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at March 31, 2026 and 2025 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below:

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

30

Index

The Bank closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following tables present the performance of such loans that have been modified during the last 12 months as of March 31, 2026 and 2025:

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

31

Index

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

32

Index

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:

Weighted Weighted

Florida: Average Average

Payment Payment

Delay (Months) Delay (Months)

Commercial:

Commercial real estate - -

Other - -

Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family:

First mortgages 7 -

Home equity loans - -

Home equity lines of credit - -

Installment - -

Total 7 -

• Includes New York, New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts.

33

Index

The addition of these loan modifications did not have a significant impact on the allowance for credit losses on loans. The nature of the modifications that resulted in them being classified as a loan modification was the borrower modifying their payment terms. There was one loan modification totaling $238 thousand for residential mortgages that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 which had been classified as a loan modification within the prior twelve months. This loan that defaulted was a payment delay modification. There were three loan modifications totaling $261 thousand for residential mortgages and one home equity line of credit loan totaling $122 thousand that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 which had been classified as a loan modification within the prior twelve months. These loans that defaulted were all payment delay modifications.

In situations where the Bank considers a loan modification, management determines whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty by performing an evaluation of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Company’s underwriting policy.

Generally, the modification of the terms of loans is the result of the borrower filing for bankruptcy protection. Chapter 13 bankruptcies generally include the deferral of all past due amounts for a period of generally 60 months in accordance with the bankruptcy court order. In the case of Chapter 7 bankruptcies even though there is no modification of terms, the borrowers’ debt to the Company is discharged and they do not reaffirm the debt.

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms. In situations involving a borrower filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection, however, a loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due, consistent with the treatment by the bankruptcy court.

(6) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the value that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities:

34

Index

Securities Available for Sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined utilizing an independent pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities. The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows. This results in a Level 2 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Interest and dividend income is recorded on the accrual method and is included in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the respective investment class under total interest and dividend income. The Company does not have any securities that would be designated as Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. This results in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Individually Evaluated Loans: Periodically the Company records non-recurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Non-recurring adjustments can also include certain adjustments for collateral-dependent loans to adjust balances to fair value and generally have had a charge-off through the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. When obtained, non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Loans individually evaluated are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Indications of value for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate owned are obtained from third party providers or the Company’s internal Appraisal Department. All indications of value are reviewed for reasonableness by a member of the Appraisal Department for the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value via comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

35

Index

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under ASC 820 on a recurring basis are summarized below:

36

Index

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

Other real estate owned, that is carried at fair value less costs to sell was approximately $1.4 million as of March 31, 2026 and consisted of residential and commercial real estate properties. A valuation charge of $30 thousand is included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Of the total individually evaluated loans of $26.4 million as of March 31, 2026, there were commercial loans that were collateral dependent and were carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis. Due to the sufficiency of charge-offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no individually analyzed reserves for these loans as of March 31, 2026. The carrying balances of these loans were $176 thousand and there were $19 thousand in charge-offs related to commercial loans included in the table above as of March 31, 2026.

Other real estate owned, which is carried at fair value less costs to sell, was approximately $1.4 million at December 31, 2025, and consisted of residential and commercial real estate properties. A valuation charge of $547 thousand is included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Of the total individually evaluated loans of $25.8 million at December 31, 2025, there were real estate mortgage loans that were collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis. Due to the sufficiency of charge-offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no individually analyzed reserves for these loans at December 31, 2025. The carrying balances of these loans were $185 thousand and there were $99 thousand in charge-offs related to real estate mortgage loans included in the table above as of December 31, 2025.

37

Index

In accordance with FASB Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”), the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are as follows:

38

Index

(7) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following is a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances, net of tax:

The following table represents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

39

Index

(8) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within non-interest income. The following table presents the Company’s sources of non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Items outside the scope of ASC 606 are noted as such.

(a) Not within the scope of ASC 606.

A description of how the Company’s revenue are streams accounted for in accordance with ASC 606 is set forth below:

Service charges on Deposit Accounts: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction‑based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction‑based fees, which include services such as stop payment charges, and wire fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

Interchange Income: Interchange revenue primarily consists of interchange fees, volume‑related incentives and ATM charges. As the card-issuing bank, interchange fees represent our portion of discount fees paid by merchants for credit/debit card transactions processed through the interchange network. The levels and structure of interchange rates are set by the card processing companies and are based on cardholder purchase volumes. The Company earns interchange income as cardholder transactions occur and interchange fees are settled on a daily basis concurrent with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.

Wealth Management fees: Trustco Wealth Management provides a comprehensive suite of trust and wealth management products and services, including financial and estate planning, trustee and custodial services, investment management, corporate retirement plan recordkeeping and administration of which a fee is charged to manage assets for investment or transact on accounts. These fees are earned over time as the Company provides the contracted monthly or quarterly services and are generally assessed over the period in which services are performed based on a percentage of the fair value of assets under management or administration. Other services are based on a fixed fee for certain account types, or based on transaction activity and are recognized when services are rendered. Fees are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

40

Index

Gains/Losses on Sales of Other Real Estate Owned “OREO”: The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain/(loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present.

(9) Operating Leases

The Company has committed to rent premises used in business operations under non-cancelable operating leases and determines if an arrangement meets the definition of a lease upon inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, therefore the Company used its incremental collateralized borrowing rates commensurate with the underlying lease terms to determine present value of operating lease liabilities. Additionally, the Company does allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease components, such as fair market value adjustments, are expensed as incurred and not included in ROU assets and operating lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of March 31, 2026, the Company did not have any leases with terms of twelve months or less.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company did not have any leases for which the construction had not yet started. As of March 31, 2026, lease expiration dates ranged from 4 months to 18.5 years and have a weighted average remaining lease term of 8.2 years. Certain leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments as defined in the lease agreements. As mentioned above the leases generally also include variable lease components, which include real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance (“CAM”) charges in the annual rental payments.

41

Index

Other information related to leases was as follows:

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of March 31, 2026 were as follows:

(a) Excluding the three months ended March 31, 2026.

A member of the Board of Directors has an ownership interest in five entities that own commercial real estate leased by the Company for use as branch locations. Total lease payments from the Company to those entities, which are included in the table above, owed as of March 31, 2026, were $1.8 million, which includes interest in the amount of $158 thousand.

42

Index

(10) Regulatory Capital Requirements

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy regulations and, additionally for banks, the prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can result in regulatory action. As of March 31, 2026, the Company and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well, capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If a bank is not classified as well capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If a bank is undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. The federal banking agencies are required to take certain supervisory actions (and may take additional discretionary actions) with respect to an undercapitalized institution or its holding company. Such actions could have a direct material effect on an institution’s or its holding company’s financial statements. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the most recent regulatory guidance categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

43

Index

The Bank and the Company reported the following capital ratios as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

(1) Federal regulatory minimum requirements to be considered to be Well Capitalized and Adequately Capitalized

(2) The March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 common equity tier 1, tier 1 risk-based, and total risk-based capital ratios include a capital conservation buffer of 2.50 percent

(11) Segment Reporting

The Company’s reportable segment is determined by the Chief Executive Officer, who is designated the chief operating decision maker (CODM), based upon information provided about the Company’s products and services offered, primarily banking operations. Consolidated net income of the Company is the primary performance metric utilized by the CODM. The chief operating decision maker will evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s business components such as by evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing the Company’s segment and in the determination of allocating resources. All expenses associated with the Company’s banking operations are considered to be significant. Given the Company’s single reportable operating segment, assets associated with the Company’s banking operations are reflected on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition as “total assets” and the amounts of significant segment expenses are disclosed in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The accounting policies for the Company’s banking operations are the same as the Company’s accounting policies disclosed herein.

44

Index

While the Company has assigned certain management responsibilities by region and business line, the Company’s chief decision-maker monitors and evaluates financial performance on a Company-wide basis. The majority of the Company’s revenue is from the business of banking and the Company’s assigned regions have similar economic characteristics, products, services and customers. Accordingly, all of the Company’s operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. All operations are domestic.

(12) New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” (ASU 2024-03). ASU 2024-03 requires additional interim and annual disclosures that further disaggregate certain expense captions into specified categories in a separate note to the financial statements, as well as certain qualitative information describing amounts not separately disaggregated. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the Company in the annual period beginning on January 1, 2027 and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2028 and can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on its disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow Scope Improvements”, to improve the guidance in Topic 270, by clarifying interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270. The amendments in this update result in a comprehensive list of interim disclosures that are required by GAAP. In developing the list of disclosures required by other Topics, the FASB board focused on identifying the interim disclosures that are currently required under GAAP. The amendments in this update also include a disclosure principle that requires entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The amendments in this update also clarify the applicability of Topic 270, the types of interim reporting, and the form and content of interim financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The FASB board expects these clarifications will enhance consistency in interim financial reporting in interim for all entities and considers the amendments to be necessary to reflect the development of interim reporting over time. The amendments in this update are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, for public business entities and for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, for entities other than public business entities. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, and can be applied either (1) prospectively or (2) retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its financial disclosures, but does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

45

Index

Crowe LLP Independent Member Crowe Global

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of TrustCo Bank Corp NY

Glenville, New York

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the consolidated statement of financial condition of TrustCo Bank Corp NY (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2026, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial information or statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated statement of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2025, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated March 16, 2026, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition as of December 31, 2025, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of condition from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ Crowe LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

May 8, 2026

46

Index

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction

The review that follows focuses on the factors affecting the financial condition and results of operations of TrustCo during the three month period ended March 31, 2026, with comparisons to the corresponding period in 2025, as applicable. The consolidated interim financial statements and related notes, as well as the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was filed with the SEC on March 16, 2026 (the “2025 Form 10-K”), should also be read in conjunction with this review. Amounts in prior period consolidated interim financial statements are reclassified whenever necessary to conform to the current period’s presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on prior period net income or shareholders’ equity. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” on page 5 of this report for a description of important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected results.

Following this Management’s Discussion and Analysis is the table “Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity: Interest Rates and Interest Differential,” which gives a detailed breakdown of TrustCo’s average interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities for the three month periods ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Economic Overview

During the first quarter of 2026, financial markets started out strong to begin 2026, but declined by the end of the quarter driven by tensions in the Middle East, higher oil prices and labor market deterioration. As of the end of the first quarter of 2026, the S&P 500 Index was down 4.63%, Nasdaq was down 7.11%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 3.58% compared to December 31, 2025. The 10‑year Treasury bond averaged 4.20% during Q1 2026 compared to 4.10% in Q4 2025, an increase of 10 basis points. The 2‑year Treasury bond averaged 3.58% during Q1 2026 compared to 3.52% in Q4 2025, and the spread between the 10‑year and the 2-year Treasury bonds increased from 0.58% on average in Q4 2025 to 0.62% in Q1 2026. Generally, steeper yield curves are favorable for portfolio mortgage lenders like TrustCo, and the table below illustrates the range of rate movements for both short term and longer term rates. During the first quarter of 2026 Federal Funds rate remained flat at a range of 3.50% to 3.75%.

47

Index

The country has been experiencing economic uncertainty as markets continue to adjust to changes in tariff policies, Middle East tensions, increased oil prices and a volatile labor market. The Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) lowered the Federal Funds target rate range to 3.50-3.75% in December 2025 and there was no change in the first quarter of 2026.

48

Index

Management believes that TrustCo’s long-term focus on traditional banking services and practices historically has enabled the Company to avoid significant impact from asset quality problems, and that the Company’s strong liquidity and solid capital positions have allowed the Company to continue to conduct business in a manner consistent with its past practice. While we continue to adhere to prudent underwriting standards, should general housing prices and other economic measures, such as unemployment in the Company’s market areas, deteriorate as a result of changes in interest rates, general economic instability, a potential or actual default on the federal debt or other reasons, the Company may experience an increase in the level of credit risk and in the amount of its classified and nonperforming loans.

Financial Overview

TrustCo recorded net income of $16.3 million, or $0.91 of diluted earnings per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to net income of $14.3 million, or $0.75 of diluted earnings per share, in the same period in 2025. Return on average assets was 1.02% and 0.93%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Return on average equity was 9.66% and 8.49%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

The primary factors accounting for the change in net income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period of the prior year were:

• An increase of $4.3 million, or 10.7%, in GAAP net interest income compared to the first quarter of 2025 primarily as a result of an increase in interest and fees on loans,
• Partially offset by an increase of $650 thousand in provision for credit losses for the first quarter of 2026 compared to the first quarter 2025.
• A decrease of $133 thousand in noninterest income for the first quarter of 2026 compared to the first quarter of 2025.
• And an increase of $653 thousand in noninterest expense for the first quarter 2026 compared to the first quarter 2025.

Asset/Liability Management

The Company strives to generate its earnings capabilities through a mix of core deposits funding a prudent mix of earning assets. Additionally, TrustCo attempts to maintain adequate liquidity and reduce the sensitivity of net interest income to changes in interest rates to an acceptable level while enhancing profitability both on a short‑term and long‑term basis.

49

Index

TrustCo’s results are affected by a variety of factors including competitive and economic conditions in the specific markets in which the Company operates and, more generally, in the national economy, financial market conditions and the regulatory environment. Each of these factors is dynamic, and changes in any area can have an impact on TrustCo’s results. Included in the 2025 Form 10-K is a description of the effect that changes in interest rates had on the results for the year 2025 compared to 2024. Many of the same market factors discussed in the 2025 Form 10-K continued to have an impact on results through the first quarter of 2026.

TrustCo competes with other financial service providers based upon many factors including quality of service, convenience of operations and rates paid on deposits and charged on loans. In the experience of management, the absolute level of interest rates, changes in interest rates and customers’ expectations with respect to the direction of interest rates have a significant impact on the volume of loan and deposit originations in any particular period.

Interest rates have a significant impact on the operations and financial results of all financial services companies. One of the most important interest rates used to control national economic policy is the “Federal Funds” rate. This is the interest rate utilized within the banking system for overnight borrowings for institutions with the highest credit rating. During the first quarter of 2026 Federal Funds target rate remained flat at a range of 3.50% to 3.75%.

The interest rate on the 10-year Treasury bond and other long-term interest rates have significant influence on the rates for new residential real estate loans and longer term investments. These changes in interest rates have an effect on the Company relative to the interest income on loans, securities, and Federal Funds Sold and other short-term instruments as well as the interest expense on deposits and borrowings. Residential real estate loans and longer-term investments are most affected by the changes in longer-term market interest rates such as the 10‑year Treasury. The Federal Funds Sold portfolio and other short‑term investments are affected primarily by changes in the Federal Funds target rate. Deposit interest rates are most affected by short-term market interest rates. Also, changes in interest rates have an effect on the recorded balance of the securities available-for-sale portfolio, which is recorded at fair value. Generally, as market interest rates increase, the fair value of the securities will decrease and the reverse is also generally applicable. Interest rates on new residential real estate loan originations are also influenced by the rates established by secondary market participants such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The Company establishes rates that management determines are appropriate in light of the long-term nature of residential real estate loans while remaining competitive. Higher market interest rates also generally increase the value of retail deposits.

TrustCo’s principal loan products are residential real estate loans. Most of TrustCo’s residential real estate loans carry a fixed rate of interest. As noted above, residential real estate loans and longer‑term investments are most affected by the changes in longer-term market interest rates such as the 10-year Treasury. The 10‑year Treasury yield was up 10 basis points, on average, during the first quarter of 2026 compared to the fourth quarter of 2025, and it was down 25 basis points as compared to the first quarter of 2025.

50

Index

While TrustCo has been affected by changes in financial markets over time, management believes that the impacts have been mitigated by the Company’s generally conservative approach to banking. The Company utilizes a traditional underwriting process in evaluating loan applications, and since originated loans are retained in the portfolio, there is a strong incentive to be conservative in making credit decisions. For additional information concerning TrustCo’s loan portfolio and nonperforming loans, please refer to the discussions under “Loans” and “Nonperforming Assets,” respectively. Further, the Company does not rely on borrowed funds to support its assets and maintains a significant level of liquidity on the asset side of the balance sheet. Management believes that these characteristics provide the Company with increased flexibility and stability during periods of market disruption and interest rate volatility.

A fundamental component of TrustCo’s strategy has been to grow customer relationships and the deposits and loans that are part of those relationships. Management believes that the Company has significant capacity to grow its balance sheet given its extensive branch network. The Company expects that growth to be profitable. While the Company has not changed its fundamental long-term strategy in regard to utilizing its excess capacity, management continually evaluates changing conditions and may seek to limit growth or reduce the size of the balance sheet if its analysis indicates that doing so would be beneficial.

For the first quarter of 2026, the net interest margin was 2.84%, up 20 basis points versus the prior year’s first quarter. The quarterly results reflect the following significant factors:

• The average balance of securities available for sale decreased by $46.1 million and the average yield increased 32 basis points to 2.94%. The increase in the average yield was not enough to offset the decrease in average balance, resulting in less interest income.
• The average balance of Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments increased $56.3 million; however the average yield decreased 75 basis points to 3.70%. The increase in the average balance was not enough to offset the decrease in average yield, resulting in less interest income.
• The average loan portfolio grew by $158.9 million to $5.27 billion and the average yield increased 19 basis points to 4.38% in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Both the increase in the average balance and the average yield resulted in more interest and fee income on loans.
• The average balance of interest bearing liabilities (primarily deposit accounts) increased $151.6 million and the average rate paid decreased 13 basis points to 1.79% in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease in the average rate paid was enough to offset the increase in the average balance, resulting in less interest expense.

During the first quarter of 2026, the Company continued to focus on its strategy to expand its loan portfolio by offering competitive interest rates. Management believes that the TrustCo residential real estate loan product is very competitive compared to local and national competitors. Competition remains strong in the Company’s market areas.

The strategy on the funding side of the balance sheet was to offer competitive core deposit products coupled with short term time accounts. We believe that this strategy has sustained TrustCo’s strong liquidity position and continues to allow us to cross sell products to new and existing customer relationships and take advantage of opportunities as they arise.

51

Index

Earning Assets

Total average interest earning assets increased from $6.11 billion in the first quarter of 2025 to $6.27 billion in the same period of 2026 with an average yield of 4.23% in the first quarter of 2026 and 4.13% in the first quarter of 2025. The mix of assets invested in securities available for sale decreased while Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments and loans increased over the prior year period. Interest income on average earning assets increased $3.4 million in the first quarter of 2026 from the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in interest income on loans due to higher interest rates on loan originations over the last year.

Loans

The average balance of loans was $5.27 billion in the first quarter of 2026 up from $5.11 billion in the comparable period in 2025. The yield on loans increased 19 basis points to 4.38%.

Compared to the first quarter of 2025, the average balance of residential mortgage loans, commercial loans, and home equity loans all increased, while installment loans decreased. The average balance of residential mortgage loans was $4.48 billion in 2026 compared to $4.39 billion in 2025, an increase of 2.1%. The average yield on residential mortgage loans increased by 20 basis points to 4.09% in the first quarter of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily as a result of the higher interest rates on new originations compared to the existing portfolio yield.

TrustCo actively markets the residential loan products within its market territories. Mortgage loan rates are affected by a number of factors including rates on Treasury securities, the Federal Funds target rate, and rates set by competitors and secondary market participants. TrustCo aggressively markets the unique aspects of its loan products thereby attempting to create differentiation from other lenders. These unique aspects include low closing costs, fast turn-around time on loan approvals, and no escrow or mortgage insurance requirements for qualified borrowers. Assuming a continued decline in long-term interest rates, the Company would anticipate that the unique features of its loan products will continue to attract customers in the residential mortgage loan area.

Commercial loans, which consist primarily of loans secured by commercial real estate, increased $17.1 million to an average balance of $315.1 million in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the same period in the prior year. The average yield on this portfolio was flat at 5.59% compared to the prior year period. The Company has remained selective in underwriting commercial loans in 2026 as the apparent risk/reward balance has been less favorable in some cases.

The average yield on home equity credit lines decreased 4 basis points to 6.26% during the first quarter of 2026 compared to the prior year period. The average balances of home equity lines increased 12.3% to $464.8 million in the first quarter of 2026 as compared to the prior year.

52

Index

Securities Available for Sale

The average balance of the securities available for sale portfolio for the first quarter of 2026 was $323.9 million compared to $369.9 million for the comparable period in 2025. The decrease in the balance reflects routine paydowns, calls and maturities, partially offset by new investment purchases. The average yield was 2.94% for the first quarter of 2026 compared to 2.62% for the first quarter of 2025. The increase in average yield is a result of higher yields on bonds purchased as well as lower rate bonds maturing since the prior year quarter. This portfolio is primarily comprised of agency issued residential mortgage-backed securities, bonds issued by government sponsored enterprises (such as Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Bank, and Freddie Mac), Small Business Administration participation certificates, corporate bonds and municipal bonds. These securities are recorded at fair value with any adjustment in fair value included in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

The net unrealized loss in the available for sale securities portfolio was $17.9 million as of March 31, 2026 compared to a net unrealized loss of $16.2 million as of December 31, 2025. The increase in the net unrealized losses in the portfolio is the result of the current interest rate environment.

Held to Maturity Securities

The average balance of held to maturity securities was $4.2 million for the first quarter of 2026 compared to $5.2 million in the first quarter of 2025. The decrease in balances reflects routine paydowns. No new securities were added to this portfolio during the period. The average yield was 4.47% for the first quarter of 2026 compared to 4.34% for the year earlier period. TrustCo expects to hold the securities in this portfolio until they mature or are called.

The net unrealized gain in the held to maturity securities portfolio was $37 thousand as of March 31, 2026 compared to a net unrealized gain of $50 thousand as of December 31, 2025. The decrease in the net unrealized gains in the portfolio is the result of changes in market interest rate levels.

As of March 31, 2026, this portfolio consisted solely of residential mortgage-backed securities. The balances for these securities are recorded at amortized cost.

Federal Funds Sold and Other Short-term Investments

The 2026 first quarter average balance of Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments was $670.0 million, a $56.3 million increase from the $613.6 million average for the same period in 2025, primarily due to an increase in deposits and funds from maturing securities which have not yet been deployed. The yield was 3.70% for the first quarter of 2026 and 4.45% for the comparable period in 2025. Interest income from this portfolio decreased $627 thousand from the prior year period. While the average balances increased year over year, the decreases in the Federal Funds target rate in 2025 resulted in a decrease in interest income over the same period in the prior year.

The Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments portfolio is utilized to generate additional interest income and liquidity as funds are waiting to be deployed into the loan and securities portfolios.

Funding Opportunities

TrustCo utilizes various funding sources to support its earning asset portfolio. The vast majority of the Company’s funding comes from traditional deposit vehicles such as savings, demand deposit, interest-bearing checking, money market and time deposit accounts.

53

Index

Total average interest bearing deposits (which includes interest bearing checking, money market accounts, savings and time deposits) increased $118.3 million to $4.77 billion for the first quarter of 2026 versus the first quarter in the prior year, and the average rate paid decreased from 1.94% for 2025 to 1.80% for 2026. Total interest expense on these deposits decreased $1.1 million to $21.1 million in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the year earlier period. From the first quarter of 2025 to the first quarter of 2026, interest bearing checking account average balances were up 2.1%, certificates of deposit average balances were up 6.7%, non‑interest demand average balances were up 5.2%, average savings balances decreased 2.1% and money market balances were down 3.9%. Overall, average balances are up from a year ago as we continue to encourage customers to retain their funds in the expanded product offerings of the Bank through aggressive marketing and product differentiation.

As of March 31, 2026, the maturity of total time deposits was as follows:

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, approximately $1.23 billion and $1.22 billion, respectively, of our deposit portfolio was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements.

Average short-term borrowings for the first quarter of 2026 were $116.5 million compared to $83.2 million in the same period in 2025. The increase in the average balance from the prior year period is primarily a result of increases in customer balances. The average rate increased to 1.40% in the first quarter of 2026 compared to 0.88% in the prior year quarter. The short-term borrowings of the Company are cash management accounts, which represent retail accounts with customers for which the Bank has pledged certain assets as collateral.

The Company has a number of contingent funding alternatives available in addition to the large cash and cash equivalents position and the investment securities positions it maintains on its balance sheet. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) and is an eligible borrower at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”) and has the ability to borrow utilizing securities and/or loans as collateral at either institution. The Bank does not utilize brokered deposits as a part of its funding strategy, but does incorporate them as a potential contingent funding source within its Asset/Liability Management Policy. Like other contingent funding sources, brokered deposits may be tested from time to time to ensure operational and market readiness. As of March 31, 2026 the Company also has borrowing capacity of $967 million available with the FHLBNY and $539 thousand available with the FRBNY. The borrowings capacity is secured by the loans pledged by the Company. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company had no outstanding borrowings with the FHLBNY or the FRBNY.

54

Index

Net Interest Income

Net interest income was up $4.3 million from $40.4 million in the first quarter of 2025 to $44.7 million in the first quarter of 2026, driven by loan growth at higher interest rates and less interest expense on deposit products, partially offset by lower investment interest income and a decrease in interest on Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments. The net interest spread was up 23 basis points to 2.44% in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. As previously noted, the net interest margin was up 20 basis points to 2.84% for the first quarter of 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Yields on earning assets increased in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the first quarter of 2025, and rates on interest-bearing liabilities decreased causing margin expansion. The Federal Reserve’s decision regarding whether to cut, raise or hold rates in upcoming meetings will have an effect on the Company’s ability to decrease deposit costs which should help margin in future quarters. During the first quarter of 2026, the Company was able to lower the rates offered on our time deposits while continuing to retain and grow that product.

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans (“NPLs”), which are those loans in a non‑accrual status and loans past due three payments or more and still accruing interest. Also included in the total of nonperforming assets are foreclosed real estate properties, which are included in other assets and categorized as other real estate owned.

The following describes the nonperforming assets of TrustCo as of March 31, 2026:

Nonperforming loans and foreclosed real estate: Total NPLs were $21.5 million and $20.7 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. There were no loans as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 that were past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest.

As of March 31, 2026, nonperforming loans primarily include a mix of commercial and residential loans. Of total nonperforming loans of $21.5 million as of March 31, 2026, $19.4 million were residential real estate loans, $2.0 million were commercial loans and mortgages and $63 thousand were installment loans, compared to $18.6 million, $2.0 million and $51 thousand, respectively, at December 31, 2025.

A significant percentage of nonperforming loans are residential real estate loans, which are historically lower-risk than most other types of loans. Net recoveries were $43 thousand on residential real estate loans (including home equity lines of credit) for the first quarter of 2026 as compared to net charge-offs of $41 thousand in the first quarter of 2025. Management believes that these loans have been appropriately written down where required.

Ongoing portfolio management is intended to result in early identification and disengagement from deteriorating credits. TrustCo has a diversified loan portfolio that includes a significant balance of residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the Capital Region of New York and Central Florida, and avoids concentrations to any one borrower or any single industry. TrustCo has no advances to borrowers or projects located outside the U.S. TrustCo continues to identify delinquent loans as quickly as possible and to move promptly to resolve problem loans. Efforts to resolve delinquencies begin immediately after the payment grace period expires, with repeated, automatically generated notices, as well as personalized phone calls and letters. Loans are placed in non-accrual status once they are 90 days past due, or earlier if management has determined that such classification is appropriate. Once in non-accrual status, loans are either brought current and maintained current, at which point they may be returned to accrual status, or they proceed through the foreclosure process. The collateral on non-accrual loans is evaluated periodically, and the loan value is written down if the collateral value is insufficient.

55

Index

The Company originates loans throughout its branch franchise area. As of March 31, 2026, 64.5% of its gross loan portfolio balances were in New York State and the immediately surrounding areas (including New Jersey, Vermont and Massachusetts), and 35.5% were in Florida. Those figures compare to 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively at December 31, 2025.

Economic conditions vary widely by geographic location. As a percentage of the total nonperforming loans as of March 31, 2026, 19.8% were to Florida borrowers, compared to 80.2% to borrowers in New York and surrounding areas. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, New York and surrounding areas experienced net recoveries of approximately $13 thousand, and Florida experienced net recoveries of $26 thousand.

Other than loans currently identified as nonperforming, management is aware of no other loans in the Bank’s portfolio that pose material risk of the eventual non-collection of principal and interest. Also as of March 31, 2026, there were no other loans classified for regulatory purposes that management reasonably expects will materially impact future operating results, liquidity, or capital resources.

Loans individually evaluated for impairment are non-accrual loans delinquent greater than 180 days, non-accrual commercial loans, as well as loans classified as loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were $2.1 million of commercial mortgages and commercial loans classified as individually evaluated as of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. There were $24.3 million and 23.7 million of individually evaluated residential loans as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 the Company’s loan portfolio did not include any subprime mortgages or loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.

As of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 there was $1.4 million of other real estate owned.

Allowance for credit losses on loans: As of March 31, 2026, the Company utilized the Baseline scenario model of Moody’s economic scenarios and considered the uncertainty associated with the assumptions in the Baseline scenario, including continued actions taken by the Federal Reserve with regard to monetary policy and interest rates and the potential impact of those actions, and the potential impact of persistent high inflation on the economy. Outcomes in any or all of these factors could differ from the Baseline scenario utilized, and the Company incorporated qualitative considerations reflecting the risk of uncertain economic conditions, and for additional dimensions of risk that may not be captured in the quantitative model.

56

Index

In the first quarter of 2026, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $950 thousand, which is the result of a provision for credit losses on loans of $750 thousand, and provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $200 thousand. The increase in the ACLL during the first quarter of 2026 was primarily a result of loan growth and economic conditions. The increase in the provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments is a result of an increase in unfunded loan commitments.

See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional discussion related to the process for determining the provision for credit losses.

The allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was as follows:

As of March 31, 2026, the allowance for credit losses on loans was $53.0 million, compared $52.2 million at December 31, 2025. The allowance represents 1.00% of the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2026 and 0.99% as of December 31, 2025. The coverage ratio, or the allowance for credit losses on loans to NPLs, was 246.9% and 252.5% as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The ratio of non-performing loans to total loans was 0.41% and 0.39% as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Net recoveries for the three-month period ended March 31, 2026 were $39 thousand and $258 thousand for the prior year period.

During the first quarter of 2026, there were $19 thousand of commercial loan charge-offs, no residential loan charge-offs, and $26 thousand of consumer loan charge-offs compared with $4 thousand of commercial loan charge-offs, $80 thousand of residential loan charge-offs and $40 thousand of consumer loan charge-offs in the first quarter of 2025. During the first quarter of 2026 there were $40 thousand of commercial loan recoveries, $43 thousand of residential mortgage loan recoveries, and $1 thousand of consumer loan recoveries, compared to $320 thousand of commercial loan recoveries, $41 thousand for residential mortgage loan recoveries, and $21 thousand of consumer loan recoveries in the first quarter of 2025.

The following table presents the net charge-off ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

57

Index

Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity

TrustCo seeks to obtain favorable sources of funding and to maintain prudent levels of liquid assets in order to satisfy varied liquidity demands. Management believes that TrustCo’s earnings performance and strong capital position enable the Company to easily secure new sources of liquidity. The Company actively manages its liquidity through target ratios established under its liquidity policies. Continual monitoring of both historical and prospective ratios allows TrustCo to employ strategies necessary to maintain adequate liquidity. Management has also defined various degrees of adverse liquidity situations which could potentially occur and has prepared appropriate contingency plans should such a situation arise. As noted, the Company has a number of contingent funding alternatives available in addition to the large cash and cash equivalents position and the investment securities positions it maintains on its balance sheet. As previously stated, the Bank is a member of the FHLBNY and is an eligible borrower at the FRBNY and has the ability to borrow utilizing securities and/or loans as collateral at either institution. The Bank does not utilize brokered deposits as a part of its funding strategy, but does incorporate them as a contingent funding source within its Asset/Liability Management Policy. Like other contingent funding sources, brokered deposits may be tested from time to time to ensure operational and market readiness. Management believes that the Company has adequate sources of liquidity to cover its contractual obligations and commitments over the next twelve months and beyond.

The Company uses an industry standard external model as the primary tool to identify, quantify and project changes in interest rates and their effect on loan prepayment speeds taken both from industry sources and internally generated data based upon historical trends in the Bank’s balance sheet. Assumptions based on the historical behavior of deposit rates and balances in relation to changes in market interest rates are also incorporated into the model. This model calculates an economic or fair value amount with respect to non-time deposit categories since these deposits are part of the core deposit products of the Company. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure the fair value of capital or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on the fair value of capital.

Using this model, the fair value of capital projections as of March 31, 2026 are referenced below. The base case (current rates) scenario shows the present estimate of the fair value of capital assuming no change in the operating environment or operating strategies and no change in interest rates from those existing in the marketplace as of March 31, 2026. The following table indicates the impact on the fair value of capital assuming interest rates were to instantaneously increase or decrease by 100 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp and 400 bp.

58

Index

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income for the first quarter of 2026 and 2025 was $4.8 million and $5.0 million, respectively. The decrease over the same period in the prior year was primarily related to a decrease of $389 thousand in interchange income, partially offset by an increase of $157 thousand in other income. The fair value of assets under management was $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2026, $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2025 and $1.1 billion as of March 31, 2025.

Noninterest Expenses

Total noninterest expenses were $27.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $26.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, representing an increase of 2.5%. Significant changes included increases in salaries and employee benefits, equipment expense, and other expenses, partially offset by a decrease in professional services. Full time equivalent headcount was flat at 740 as of March 31, 2025 and 2026.

Income Taxes

In the first quarter of 2026, TrustCo recognized income tax expense of $5.3 million compared to $4.4 million for the first quarter of 2025. The effective tax rates were 24.7% and 23.7%, respectively, for the first quarters of 2026 and 2025.

Capital Resources

Consistent with its long-term goal of operating a sound and profitable financial organization, TrustCo strives to maintain strong capital ratios.

Banking regulators have moved towards higher required capital requirements due to the standards included in the “Basel III” banking capital reform measures and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as a general trend towards reducing risk in the banking system by providing a greater capital margin.

Total shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2026 was $670.9 million compared to $686.6 million as of December 31, 2025. TrustCo declared a dividend of $0.38 per share in the first quarter of 2026. This results in a dividend payout ratio of 41.40% based on first quarter 2026 earnings of $16.3 million.

The capital rules, which are generally applicable to both the Company and the Bank, include several measures; specifically, a Tier 1 leverage ratio, a common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio, a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and a total risk-based capital ratio. The rules also impose a capital conservation buffer that requires the Company and the Bank to maintain additional levels of Tier 1 common equity over the minimum risk-based capital levels before they may pay dividends, repurchase shares or pay discretionary bonuses.

59

Index

The Bank and the Company reported the following capital ratios as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

(1) Federal regulatory minimum requirements to be considered to be Well Capitalized and Adequately Capitalized

(2) The March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 common equity tier 1, tier 1 risk-based, and total risk-based capital ratios include a capital conservation buffer of 2.50 percent

In addition, as of March 31, 2026, Trustco’s consolidated equity to total assets ratio was 10.31% compared to 10.66% at December 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2026, the capital levels of both TrustCo and the Bank exceeded the minimum standards, including with the current capital conservation buffer taken into account.

60

Index

Under the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s (“OCC”) “prompt corrective action” regulations, a bank is deemed to be “well capitalized” when its CET1, Tier 1, total risk-based and leverage capital ratios are at least 4%, 7%, 8.5%, and 10.5% respectively. A bank is deemed to be “adequately capitalized” or better if its capital ratios meet or exceed the minimum federal regulatory capital requirements, and “undercapitalized” if it fails to meet these minimal capital requirements. A bank is “significantly undercapitalized” if its CET1, Tier 1, total risk-based and leverage capital ratios fall below 3%, 4%, 6% and 3%, respectively and “critically undercapitalized” if the institution has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2%. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, Trustco Bank met the definition of “well capitalized.”

As noted, the Company’s dividend payout ratio was 41.40% of net income for the first quarter of 2026 and 47.97% of net income for the first quarter of 2025. The per-share dividend paid in the first quarter of 2026 and fourth quarter of 2025 was $0.38, and in the first quarter of 2025 it was $0.36. The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company. The payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company is subject to continued compliance with minimum regulatory capital requirements. The OCC may disapprove a dividend if the Bank would be undercapitalized following the distribution; the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.

TrustCo maintains a dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan (DRSPP) with approximately 5,599 participants. The DRSPP allows participants to reinvest dividends in shares of the Company. The DRP also allows for additional purchases by participants and has a discount feature (up to a 5% for safe harbor provisions) that can be activated by management as a tool to raise capital. To date, the discount feature has not been utilized.

Share Repurchase Program

On December 19, 2025, the Company’s Board authorized, and the Company announced, a share repurchase program of up to 2,000,000 shares, or approximately 11% of its then currently outstanding common stock. The program expires on December 31, 2026. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company repurchased a total of 522,226 shares at an average price per share of $44.61 for a total of $23.3 million under its Board authorized share repurchase program. As of March 31, 2026, the Company was authorized to repurchase up to an additional 1,477,774 shares of common stock under the share repurchase program.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, income taxes and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as described in the financial statements contained in the 2025 Form 10-K other than what is set forth immediately below.

61

Index

Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting policy given the measurement uncertainty and subjective judgement necessary in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover the life-time losses in the loan portfolio and the material effect that such judgments can have on the results of operations.

62

Index

TrustCo Bank Corp NY

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

STATISTICAL DISCLOSURE

I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL

The following table summarizes the component distribution of the average balance sheet, related interest income and expense and the average annualized yields on interest earning assets and annualized rates on interest bearing liabilities of TrustCo for each of the reported periods.

Nonaccrual loans are included in loans for this analysis. The average balances of securities available for sale and held to maturity are calculated using amortized costs for these securities. Included in the average balance of shareholders’ equity is the unrealized loss, net of tax, in the available for sale portfolio of $12.0 million in 2026 and $18.8 million in 2025. The subtotals contained in the following table are the arithmetic totals of the items contained in that category. Increases and decreases in interest income and expense due to both rate and volume have been allocated to the categories of variances (volume and rate) based on the percentage relationship of such variances to each other.

63

Index