Northrim BanCorp NRIM Form 10-Q filing Q3 FY2022

Part I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

Consolidated Balance Sheets 3

Consolidated Statements of Income 4

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 5

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity 6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 8

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 10

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 39

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 57

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 58

Part II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings 58

Item 1A. Risk Factors 58

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 58

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 58

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 58

Item 5. Other Information 59

Item 6. Exhibits 59

SIGNATURES 60

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes and other relevant information included in Northrim BanCorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See notes to consolidated financial statements

See notes to consolidated financial statements

NORTHRIM BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

2010

See notes to consolidated financial statements

See notes to consolidated financial statements

See notes to consolidated financial statements

See notes to consolidated financial statements

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and corresponding footnotes have been prepared by Northrim BanCorp, Inc. (the “Company”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with instructions to Form 10-Q under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The year-end Consolidated Balance Sheet data was derived from the Company's audited financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The Company owns a 100% interest in Residential Mortgage Holding Company, LLC, the parent company of Residential Mortgage, LLC (collectively "RML") and consolidates their balance sheets and income statement into its financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The Company determined that it operates in two primary operating segments: Community Banking and Home Mortgage Lending. The Company has evaluated subsequent events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure. Operating results for the interim period ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2022. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. There have been no significant changes in our application of these accounting policies in 2022.

Reclassification of Prior Period Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations or total shareholders' equity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting pronouncements to be implemented in future periods

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Report of Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 was issued to provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The last expedient is a one-time election to sell or transfer debt securities classified as held to maturity. The expedients are in effect from March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022. The Company will be able to use the expedients in this guidance to manage through the transition away from LIBOR, specifically for our loan portfolio, derivative contracts, and bond portfolio.

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, ("ASU 2021-01"). The amendments in ASU 2021-01 are elective and apply to all entities that have derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. The amendments clarify certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition.

LIBOR is a widely-referenced benchmark rate, which is published in five currencies and a range of tenors, and seeks to estimate the cost at which banks can borrow on an unsecured basis from other banks. The administrator of LIBOR, ICE Benchmark Administration, ceased the publication of one-week and two-month LIBOR, as well as all non-US Dollar LIBOR tenors as of January 1, 2022. 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month US Dollar LIBOR will continue to be published through and will remain available for use in legacy contracts or as otherwise enumerated by financial regulators until June 30, 2023. The Company has some assets and liabilities referenced to 1-month, 3-month, and 12-month US Dollar LIBOR, such as commercial loans, derivatives, debt securities, and junior subordinated debentures. As of September 30, 2022, we had approximately $159.9 million of assets, including $83.8 million in commercial loans and $76.1 million in debt securities, and $10.0 million of liabilities in the form of our junior subordinated debentures linked to USD LIBOR. These amounts exclude derivative assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2022, the notional amount of our USD LIBOR-linked interest rate derivative contracts was $148.4 million. Of this amount, $69.2 million in notional value represent commercial loan interest rate swap agreements with commercial banking customers. An additional $69.2 million in notional value represent corresponding swap agreements with third party financial institutions that offset the commercial loan swaps. Swap agreements with third party institutions are $79.2 million, including an interest rate swap agreement for $10.0 million in notional value related to our junior subordinated debentures. Each of the USD LIBOR-linked amounts referenced above are expected to vary in future periods as current contracts expire with potential replacement contracts using an alternative reference rate.

In an effort to mitigate the risks associated with a transition away from LIBOR, our Asset Liability Committee has undertaken initiatives to: (i) develop more robust fallback language and disclosures related to the LIBOR transition, (ii) develop a plan to seek to amend legacy contracts to reference such fallback language or alternative reference rates, (iii) enhance systems to support commercial loans, securities, and derivatives linked to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate and other alternative reference rates, (iv) develop and evaluate internal guidance, policies and procedures focused on the transition away from LIBOR to alternative reference rate products, and (v) prepare and disseminate internal and external communications regarding the LIBOR transition.

ASU 2021-01 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02"). The amendments in ASU 2022-02 eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") by creditors while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Specifically, rather than applying the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs which includes an assessment of whether the creditor has granted a concession, an entity must evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. The amendments enhance existing disclosure requirements and introduce new requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, for public business entities, ASU 2022-02 requires that an entity disclose current-period gross writeoffs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses-Measured at Amortized Cost in the vintage disclosures required by paragraph 326-20-50-6. ASU 2022-02 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company may elect to apply the updated guidance on TDR recognition and measurement by using a modified retrospective transition method, which would result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings, or to adopt the amendments prospectively. The Company intends to elect to adopt the updated guidance on TDR recognition and measurement prospectively; therefore the guidance will be applied to modifications occurring after the date of adoption. The amendments on TDR disclosures and vintage disclosures must be adopted prospectively. The Company does not believe that ASU 2022-02 will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

2. Investment Securities

Marketable Equity Securities

The Company held marketable equity securities with fair values of $11.1 million and $8.4 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The gross realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on marketable equity securities in other operating income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows:

Debt securities

Debt securities have been classified in the financial statements as available for sale or held to maturity. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, estimated fair value, and the Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") of debt securities and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses of available-for-sale securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and gross unrecognized gains and losses of held to maturity securities at the periods indicated:

Gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

Management evaluates available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

At September 30, 2022, the Company had 86 available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position without an ACL. At September 30, 2022, the Company had five held to maturity securities in an unrealized loss position without an ACL. Management does not have the intent to sell any of these securities and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2022, management believes that the unrealized losses detailed in the previous table are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no losses have been recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $54.7 million and $59.5 million in securities were pledged for deposits and borrowings, respectively.

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of debt securities at September 30, 2022, are distributed by contractual maturity as shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

There were no proceeds from sales of investment securities for the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021.

A summary of interest income for the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, on available for sale investment securities are as follows:

3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are comprised entirely of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Loans Held for Investment

The following table presents amortized cost and unpaid principal balance of loans for the periods indicated:

The difference between the amortized cost and unpaid principal balance is net deferred origination fees totaling $8.0 million and $11.5 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $4.6 million and $5.5 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and was included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Amortized cost in the above table includes $11.3 million and $118.2 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, in Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") within the Commercial & industrial loan segment.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The activity in the ACL related to loans held for investment is as follows:

The ACL on loans increased at September 30, 2022, as compared to June 30, 2022 primarily due to an increase in the Company's forecasted unemployment rate over the reasonable and supportable forecast period, and this increase was only partially offset by a decrease in non-government guaranteed loan balances. The ACL on loans also increased at September 30, 2022, as compared to December 31, 2021; however, this increase was primarily due to an increase in non-government guaranteed loan balances.

Credit Quality Information

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management utilizes a loan risk grading system called the Asset Quality Rating (“AQR”) system to assign a risk classification to each of its loans. The risk classification is a dual rating system that contemplates both probability of default and risk of loss given default. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 10 and, loans graded 1 – 6 are considered “pass” grade loans. Loans graded 7 or higher are considered "classified" loans. A description of the general characteristics of the AQR risk classifications are as follows:

Pass grade loans – 1 through 6: The borrower demonstrates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, including acceptable profit margins, cash flows, liquidity and other balance sheet ratios. Historic and projected performance indicates that the borrower is able to meet obligations under most economic circumstances. The borrower has competent management with an acceptable track record. The category does not include loans with undue or unwarranted credit risks that constitute identifiable weaknesses.

Classified loans:

Special Mention – 7: A "special mention" credit has weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset at some future date.

Substandard – 8: A "substandard" credit is inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that Northrim Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – 9: An asset classified "doubtful" has all the weaknesses inherent in one that is classified "substandard-8" with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The loan has substandard characteristics, and available information suggests that it is unlikely that the loan will be repaid in its entirety.

Loss – 10: An asset classified "loss" is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance on the books is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

The following tables present the Company's portfolio of risk-rated loans by grade and by year of origination. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below.

Past Due Loans: The following tables present an aging of contractually past due loans as of the periods presented:

Nonaccrual loans: Nonaccrual loans net of government guarantees totaled $6.5 million and $10.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following table presents loans on nonaccrual status and loans on nonaccrual

status for the periods presented for which there was no related ACL. All loans with no ACL are individually evaluated for credit losses in the Company's Current Expected Credit Losses methodology.

There was no interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income during three-month period ending September 30, 2022 and $2,000 in interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income during the nine-month period ending September 30, 2022. There was no interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income during the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2021.

There was no interest earned on nonaccrual loans with a principal balance during either the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. However, the Company recognized interest income of $1.2 million and $419,000 in the three-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $2.1 million and $785,000 in the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to interest collected on nonaccrual loans whose principal had been paid down to zero.

Troubled Debt Restructurings: Loans classified as TDRs totaled $8.1 million and $10.6 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. A TDR is a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty that has been modified from its original terms and conditions in such a way that the Company is granting the borrower a concession that it would not grant otherwise.

The provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act included an election to not apply the guidance on accounting for TDRs to loan modifications, such as extensions or deferrals, related to COVID-19 made between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The relief can only be applied to modifications for borrowers that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The Company elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act. The Company has made the following types of loan modifications related to COVID-19, which are not classified as TDRs with principal balance outstanding of:

The $8.4 million in COVID-19 loan accommodations as of September 30, 2022 are scheduled to return to normal principal and interest payments in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The Company has granted a variety of concessions to borrowers in the form of loan modifications. The modifications granted can generally be described in the following categories:

Rate Modification: A modification in which the interest rate is changed.

Term Modification: A modification in which the maturity date, timing of payments, or frequency of payments is changed.

Payment Modification: A modification in which the dollar amount of the payment is changed, or in which a loan is converted to interest only payments for a period of time is included in this category.

Combination Modification: Any other type of modification, including the use of multiple categories above.

There were no newly restructured loans that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As discussed above, the CARES Act provided banks an option to elect to not account for certain loan modifications related to COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021 as TDRs as long as the borrowers were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The disclosed loan restructurings on the table below were not related to COVID-19 modifications.

The following table presents newly restructured loans that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, by concession (terms modified):

The Company had no commitments to extend additional credit to borrowers whose terms have been modified in TDRs. There were no charge-offs in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 on loans that were newly classified as TDRs during the same period.

There were no loans that defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that were restructured in the previous twelve months.

4. Purchased Receivables

Purchased receivables are carried at their principal amount outstanding, net of an ACL, and have a maturity of less than one year. There were no purchased receivables past due at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021, and there were no restructured purchased receivables at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Income on purchased receivables is accrued and recognized on the principal amount outstanding using an effective interest method except when management believes doubt exists as to the collectability of the income or principal. There were no nonperforming purchased receivables as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

There was no activity and no balance in the ACL for purchased receivables as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes the components of net purchased receivables for the dates indicated:

5. Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights

The following table details the activity in the Company's mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(1) Principally reflects changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in interest rates.

(2) Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows over time.

The following table details information related to our serviced mortgage loan portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

The Company recognized servicing fees of $858,000 and $745,000 during the three-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $2.4 million and $2.2 million during the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which includes contractually specified servicing fees and ancillary fees as a component of other noninterest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table outlines the weighted average key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of MSR as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value for MSR to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

The above tables show the sensitivity to market rate changes for the par rate coupon for a conventional one-to-four family Alaska Housing Finance Corporation/FNMA/FHLMC serviced home loan. The above tables reference a 100 basis point and 200 basis point decrease in discount rates.

These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution as the tables above demonstrate the Company’s methodology for estimating the fair value of MSR is highly sensitive to changes in key assumptions. For example, actual prepayment experience may differ and any difference may have a material effect on MSR fair value. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in these tables, the effects of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSR is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may be associated with changes in another (for example, decreases in market interest rates may provide an incentive to refinance; however, this may also indicate a slowing economy and an increase in the unemployment rate, which reduces the number of borrowers who qualify for refinancing), which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Thus, any measurement of MSR fair value is limited by the conditions existing and assumptions made at a particular point in time. Those assumptions may not be appropriate if they are applied to a different point in time.

Commercial servicing rights

The commercial servicing rights asset ("CSR") has a carrying value of $1.1 million at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and is included in other assets and carried at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Total commercial loans serviced for others were $255.9 million and $259.8 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of the CSR as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include a constant prepayment rate of 16.08% and a discount rate of 9.94%.

6. Leases

The Company's lease commitments consist primarily of agreements to lease land and office facilities that it occupies to operate several of its retail branch locations that are classified as operating leases and are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities. As of September 30, 2022, the Company has operating lease ROU assets of $10.4 million and operating lease liabilities of $10.4 million. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had operating lease ROU assets of $11.0 million and operating lease liabilities of $11.0 million. The Company did not have any agreements that are classified as finance leases as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

The following table presents additional information about the Company's operating leases:

The table below reconciles the remaining undiscounted cash flows for the next five years for each twelve-month period presented (unless otherwise indicated) and the total of the subsequent remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the balance sheet:

7. Derivatives

Derivatives swaps related to community banking activities

The Company enters into commercial loan interest rate swap agreements with commercial banking customers which are offset with a corresponding swap agreement with a third party financial institution ("counterparty"). The Company has agreements with its counterparties that contain provisions that provide that if the Company fails to maintain its status as a "well-capitalized" institution under regulatory guidelines, then the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and the Company would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. These agreements also require that the Company and the counterparty collateralize any fair value shortfalls that exceed $250,000 with eligible collateral, which includes cash and securities backed with the full faith and credit of the federal government. Similarly, the Company could be required to settle its obligations under the agreement if specific regulatory events occur, such as if the Company were issued a prompt corrective action directive or a cease and desist order, or if certain regulatory ratios fall below specified levels. The Company pledged $549,000 as of September 30, 2022 and $8.2 million as of December 31, 2021 in available for sale securities to collateralize fair value shortfalls on interest rate swap agreements.

The Company had interest rate swaps related to commercial loans with an aggregate notional amount of $211.0 million and $212.6 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2022, the notional amount of interest rate swaps is made up of 19 variable to fixed rate swaps to commercial loan customers totaling $105.5 million, and 19 fixed to variable rate swaps with a counterparty totaling $105.5 million. Changes in fair value from these 19 interest rate swaps offset each other in the first nine months of 2022. The Company recognized zero and $90,000 in fee income related to interest rate swaps in the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022, respectively, and $195,000 and $390,000 in fee income related to interest rate swaps in the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2021, respectively. Interest rate swap income is recorded in other operating income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. None of these interest rate swaps are designated as hedging instruments.

The Company has an interest rate swap to hedge the variability in cash flows arising out of its junior subordinated debentures, which is floating rate debt, by swapping the cash flows with an interest rate swap which receives floating and pays fixed. The Company has designated this interest rate swap as a hedging instrument. The interest rate swap effectively fixes the Company's interest payments on the $10.0 million of junior subordinated debentures held under Northrim Statutory Trust 2 at 3.72% through its maturity date. The floating rate that the dealer pays is equal to the three month LIBOR plus 1.37% which reprices quarterly on the payment date. This rate was 4.66% as of September 30, 2022. The Company pledged $130,000 in cash to collateralize initial margin and fair value exposure of our counterparty on this interest rate swap as of September 30, 2022 and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2021. Changes in the fair value of this interest rate swap are reported in other comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The unrealized gain on this interest rate swap was $1.5 million as of September 30, 2022 and the unrealized loss was $1.0 million as of December 31, 2021.

Derivatives related to home mortgage banking activities

The Company also uses derivatives to hedge the risk of changes in the fair values of interest rate lock commitments. The Company enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans at specific rates; the value of these commitments are detailed in the table below as "interest rate lock commitments". The Company also hedges the interest rate risk associated with its residential mortgage loan commitments, which are referred to as "retail interest rate contracts" in the table below. Market risk with respect to commitments to originate loans arises from changes in the value of contractual positions due to changes in interest rates. RML had commitments to originate mortgage loans held for sale totaling $74.7 million and $81.6 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Changes in the value of RML's interest rate derivatives are recorded in mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. None of these derivatives are designated as hedging instruments.

The following table presents the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

The following table presents the net gains (losses) of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for periods indicated below:

Our derivative transactions with counterparties under International Swaps and Derivative Association master agreements include "right of set-off" provisions. "Right of set-off" provisions are legally enforceable rights to offset recognized amounts and there may be an intention to settle such amounts on a net basis. We do not offset such financial instruments for financial reporting purposes.

The following table summarizes the derivatives that have a right of offset as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

8. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Investment securities available for sale and marketable equity securities: Fair values are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments.

Servicing rights: MSR and CSR are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are classified as Level 3 as quoted prices are not available. In order to determine the fair value of MSR and CSR, the present value of net expected future cash flows is estimated. Assumptions used include market discount rates, anticipated prepayment speeds, escrow calculations, delinquency rates, and ancillary fee income net of servicing costs.

Derivative instruments: The fair value of the interest rate lock commitments are estimated using quoted or published market prices for similar instruments, adjusted for factors such as pull-through rate assumptions based on historical information, where appropriate. The pull-through rate assumptions are considered Level 3 valuation inputs and are significant to the interest rate lock commitment valuation; as such, the interest rate lock commitment derivatives are classified as Level 3. Interest rate contracts are valued in a model, which uses as its basis a discounted cash flow technique incorporating credit valuation adjustments to reflect nonperformance risk in the measurement of fair value. Although the Company has determined that the

majority of inputs used to value its interest rate derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of September 30, 2022, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of these adjustments on the overall valuation of its interest rate positions and has determined that they are not significant to the overall valuation of its interest rate derivatives. As a result, the Company has classified its interest rate derivative valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit: The fair value of commitments is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligation with the counterparties at the reporting date.

Assets Subject to Nonrecurring Adjustment to Fair Value

The Company is also required to measure certain assets such as equity method investments, goodwill, intangible assets, impaired loans, and Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO") at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Any nonrecurring adjustments to fair value usually result from the write-down of individual assets.

The Company uses either in-house evaluations or external appraisals to estimate the fair value of OREO and impaired loans as of each reporting date. In-house appraisals are considered Level 3 inputs and external appraisals are considered Level 2 inputs. The Company’s determination of which method to use is based upon several factors. The Company takes into account compliance with legal and regulatory guidelines, the amount of the loan, the size of the assets, the location and type of property to be valued and how critical the timing of completion of the analysis is to the assessment of value. Those factors are balanced with the level of internal expertise, internal experience and market information available, versus external expertise available such as qualified appraisers, brokers, auctioneers and equipment specialists.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Estimated fair values as of the periods indicated are as follows:

The following table sets forth the balances as of the periods indicated of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

The following tables provide a reconciliation of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

There were no changes in unrealized gains and losses for the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021 included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements.

As of and for the periods ending September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no impairment or valuation adjustment was recognized for assets recognized at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. For loans individually measured for credit losses, the Company classifies fair value measurements using observable inputs, such as external appraisals, as Level 2 valuations in the fair value hierarchy, and unobservable inputs, such as in-house evaluations, as Level 3 valuations in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents the (gains) losses resulting from nonrecurring fair value adjustments for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, unobservable input, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

9. Segment Information

The Company's operations are managed along two operating segments: Community Banking and Home Mortgage Lending. The Community Banking segment's principal business focus is the offering of loan and deposit products to business and consumer customers in its primary market areas. As of September 30, 2022, the Community Banking segment operated 17 branches throughout Alaska. The Home Mortgage Lending segment's principal business focus is the origination and sale of mortgage loans for 1-4 family residential properties.

Summarized financial information for the Company's reportable segments and the reconciliation to the consolidated financial results is shown in the following tables:

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements of Northrim BanCorp, Inc. (the “Company”) and the notes thereto presented elsewhere in this report and with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Except as otherwise noted, references to "we", "our", "us" or "the Company" refer to Northrim BanCorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes.

Growth and Paycheck Protection Program:

• In 2020 and 2021, Northrim funded a total of nearly 5,800 PPP loans totaling $612.6 million to both existing and new customers. Management estimates that we funded approximately 24% of the number and 32% of the value of all Alaska PPP second round loans.
• As of September 30, 2022, PPP has resulted in 2,344 new customers totaling $76.0 million in non-PPP loans, and $141.9 million in new deposit balances.
• As of September 30, 2022, Northrim customers had received forgiveness through the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") on 5,771 PPP loans totaling $603.1 million, of which 364 PPP loans totaling $21.1 million were forgiven in the third quarter of 2022, 417 PPP loans totaling $33.7 million were forgiven in the second quarter of 2022, 537 PPP loans totaling $56.9 million were forgiven in the first quarter of 2022, and 4,451 PPP loans totaling $491.4 million were forgiven in 2021. Of the PPP loans forgiven in the third quarter of 2022, 286 loans totaling $20.9 million related to PPP round two. As of September 30, 2022, nearly 100% of the number of PPP round one loans funded and 98% of the number of PPP round two loans funded have been forgiven.

Credit Quality

• Customer Accommodations: The Company implemented several forms of assistance to help our customers in the event that they experienced financial hardship as a result of COVID-19 in addition to our participation in PPP lending. As of September 30, 2022, remaining accommodations include interest only and deferral options on loan payments. The total outstanding principal balance of loan modifications due to the impacts of COVID-19 as of September 30, 2022 was $8.4 million, down from $49.2 million as of December 31, 2021. The $8.4 million in COVID-19 loan accommodations as of September 30, 2022 are scheduled to return to normal principal and interest payments in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets, net of government guarantees at September 30, 2022 decreased 28%, or $4.2 million to $10.8 million as compared to $15.0 million at December 31, 2021. Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO"), net of government guarantees, remained at $4.4 million at September 30, 2022, consistent with December 31, 2021. Nonperforming loans, net of government guarantees decreased $4.2 million, or 39% to $6.5 million as of September 30, 2022 from $10.7 million as of December 31, 2021, primarily due to the transfer of one relationship back to accrual status and a large relationship that paid off in the first nine months of 2022 as well as other payoffs and pay downs in the first nine months of 2022. $4.9 million, or 76% of nonperforming loans, net of government guarantees at September 30, 2022, are nonaccrual loans related to four commercial relationships.

The following table summarizes nonperforming asset activity for the three-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Potential problem loans: Potential problem loans are loans which are currently performing in accordance with contractual terms but that have developed negative indications that the borrower may not be able to comply with present payment terms and which may later be included in nonaccrual, past due, or impaired loans. These loans are closely monitored and their performance is reviewed by management on a regular basis. At September 30, 2022, management had identified potential problem loans of $2.0 million as compared to potential problem loans of $2.1 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease in potential problem loans from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022 is primarily the result of one relationship which paid off and various other loan paydowns in the first nine months of 2022.

Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”): TDRs are those loans for which concessions, including the reduction of interest rates below a rate otherwise available to that borrower, have been granted due to the borrower’s weakened financial condition. Interest on TDRs will be accrued at the restructured rates when it is anticipated that no loss of original principal will occur, and the interest can be collected, which is generally after a period of six months. The Company had $3.0 million in loans classified as TDRs that were performing and $5.1 million in TDRs included in nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2022 for a total of approximately $8.1 million. There are $3.1 million in government guarantees associated with TDRs, resulting in total TDRs, net of government guarantees, of $5.0 million at September 30, 2022. At December 31, 2021 there were $773,000 in loans classified as TDRs, net of government guarantees that were performing and $6.5 million in TDRs included in nonaccrual loans for a total of $7.3 million. See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part 1. Item 1 of this report for further discussion of TDRs.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Income Statement

Net Income

Net income for the third quarter of 2022 increased $1.2 million to $10.1 million as compared to $8.9 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in net income is mostly attributable to a $3.3 million increase in net income in the Community Banking segment which was only partially offset by a $2.0 million decrease in net income in the Home Mortgage Lending segment, which is primarily due to lower production. The increase in net income in the Community Banking segment in the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the same period a year ago is primarily due to an increase in net interest income which was only partially offset by a lower benefit in the provision for credit losses and an increase in other operating expenses.

Net income for the first nine months of 2022 decreased $7.3 million to $22.1 million as compared to $29.4 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease in net income is mostly attributable to a $9.3 million decrease in net income in the Home Mortgage Lending segment, which is primarily due to lower production which was only partially offset by a $2.1 million increase in net income in the Community Banking segment. The increase in net income in the Community Banking segment in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the same period a year ago is primarily due to an increase in net interest income which was only partially offset by a lower benefit in the provision for credit losses and an increase in other operating expenses. Additionally, the Company received $2.0 million in life insurance proceeds in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022 in connection with the death of the Company’s former Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary who passed away on November 11, 2021.

Net Interest Income/Net Interest Margin

Net interest income for the third quarter of 2022 increased $5.9 million, or 29%, to $26.3 million as compared to $20.4 million for the third quarter of 2021. Net interest margin increased 77 basis points to 4.22% in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to 3.45% in the third quarter of 2021. Net interest income for the first nine months of 2022 increased $8.7 million, or 15%, to $67.8 million as compared to $59.1 million for the first nine months of 2021. Net interest margin increased 9 basis points to 3.69% in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to 3.60% in the first nine months of 2021.

The increase in net interest income in the third quarter and first nine-months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 was primarily the result of increased interest on loans, investments, and interest bearing deposits in other banks which was only partially offset by a decrease in loan fee income due in large part to decreased recognition of the deferred PPP loan fees upon loan forgiveness through the SBA. During the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022, Northrim received $21.1 million and $111.7 million, respectively, in PPP loan forgiveness through the SBA, compared to $100.0 million and $337.9 million, respectively, in the same periods in 2021. Total net PPP fee income including accretion and full fee recognition upon loan forgiveness was $686,000 and $3.0 million during the three-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $4.1 million and $8.9 million during the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, there was $390,000 of net deferred fees remaining on PPP loans mostly from the second round of PPP loan originations.

The increase in net interest margin in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period a year ago was primarily the result of higher yields on earning-assets. The increase in net interest margin in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the same period a year ago was primarily the result of higher yields on earning-assets which was only partially offset by a less favorable mix of earning assets due to an increase in short-term investments, which is the lowest yielding type of earning asset for the Company. Changes in net interest margin in the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same periods in the prior year are detailed below:

Components of Net Interest Margin

The following table compares average balances and rates as well as margins on earning assets for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Average yields or costs are calculated on a tax-equivalent basis.

1Consists of interest bearing deposits in other banks and domestic CDs.

2Consists of investment securities available for sale, investment securities held to maturity, marketable equity securities, and investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock. Taxable long-term investments consist of U.S. treasury and government sponsored entities, corporate bonds, collateral loan obligations, marketable equity securities, and Federal Home Loan Bank stock. Non-taxable long-term investments consist of municipal securities.

3Interest income includes loan fees. Loan fees recognized during the period and included in the yield calculation totaled $2.0 million and $3.9 in the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively.

4Nonaccrual loans are included with a zero effective yield. Average nonaccrual loans included in the computation of the average loan balances were $7.7 million and $12.7 million in the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively.

5The Company does not have any fed funds sold or securities purchased with agreements to resell to disclose as part of its total interest-earning assets in the periods presented.

6Tax-equivalent yields/costs assume a federal tax rate of 21% and state tax rate of 7.43% for a combined tax rate of 28.43%.

The following tables set forth the changes in consolidated net interest income attributable to changes in volume and to changes in interest rates for the three-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021. Changes attributable to the combined effect of volume and interest rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to interest rates. The Company did not have any fed funds sold or securities purchased with agreements to resell for the three-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The following table compares average balances and rates as well as margins on earning assets for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Average yields or costs are calculated on a tax-equivalent basis.

1Consists of interest bearing deposits in other banks and domestic CDs.

2Consists of investment securities available for sale, investment securities held to maturity, marketable equity securities, and investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock. Taxable long-term investments consist of U.S. treasury and government sponsored entities, corporate bonds, collateral loan obligations, marketable equity securities, and Federal Home Loan Bank stock. Non-taxable long-term investments consist of municipal securities.

3Interest income includes loan fees. Loan fees recognized during the period and included in the yield calculation totaled $7.3 million and $11.5 million in the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively.

4Nonaccrual loans are included with a zero effective yield. Average nonaccrual loans included in the computation of the average loan balances were $9.2 million and $12.2 million in the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively.

5The Company does not have any fed funds sold or securities purchased with agreements to resell to disclose as part of its total interest-earning assets in the periods presented.

6Tax-equivalent yields/costs assume a federal tax rate of 21% and state tax rate of 7.43% for a combined tax rate of 28.43%.

The following tables set forth the changes in consolidated net interest income attributable to changes in volume and to changes in interest rates for the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021. Changes attributable to the combined effect of volume and interest rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to interest rates. The Company did not have any fed funds sold or securities purchased with agreements to resell for the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit loss expense is the amount of expense that, based on our judgment, is required to maintain the Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") at an appropriate level under the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") model. The determination of the amount of the ACL is complex and involves a high degree of judgment and subjectivity. The following table presents the major categories of credit loss expense:

The decrease in the benefit for credit losses for the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 as compared to the same periods in 2021 is primarily the result of higher forecasted unemployment rates and higher unfunded commitment balances. This change was partially offset by an increase in net loan recoveries to $1.3 million and $1.0 million during the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to $39,000 and $19,000, respectively, during the same periods in 2021. The ongoing impacts of the CECL methodology will be dependent upon changes in economic conditions and forecasts, as well as loan portfolio composition, quality, and duration.

Other Operating Income

Other operating income for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022, decreased $4.0 million, or 31%, to $8.7 million as compared to $12.7 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a $4.2 million decrease in mortgage banking income in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same quarter in 2021. The decrease in mortgage banking income in the three-month period ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to decreased production volume due to decreased refinance activity resulting from increases in mortgage interest rates. This decrease was only partially offset by small increases in purchased receivable income, bankcard fees, and service charges on deposit accounts due to an increase in customers.

Other operating income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, decreased $15.4 million, or 36%, to $27.3 million as compared to $42.7 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a $16.3 million decrease in mortgage banking income in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 for largely the same reason outlined above. Additionally, there was a $1.2 million increase in unrealized loss on marketable securities. These decreases in other operating income were only partially offset by $2.0 million in life insurance proceeds received in connection with the death of the Company’s former Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary who passed away on November 11, 2021, as well as a small increase in service charges on deposit accounts due to an increase in customers.

Other Operating Expense

Other operating expense for the third quarter of 2022 decreased $248,000, or 1%, to $22.3 million as compared to $22.5 million for the same period in 2021 primarily due to a decrease in salaries and other personnel expense related to mortgage banking operations, which fluctuate with production volumes. This decrease was only partially offset by increases in OREO expense and insurance expense in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. OREO expense increased due to a gain on sale recognized in the third quarter of 2021, and insurance expense increased due to higher FDIC insurance premiums primarily due to growth in the Company's balance sheet.

Other operating expense for the first nine months of 2022 increased $428,000, or 1%, to $66.6 million as compared to $66.2 million for the same period in 2021 primarily due to higher FDIC insurance expense related to the growth in the Company's balance sheet and higher OREO expenses for the same reasons noted above regarding the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter of 2021. Additionally, professional fees increased in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to 2021 due to increased investment management fees attributable to the growth in our investment portfolio.

Income Taxes

For the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, Northrim recorded a lower effective tax rate as compared to the same periods in 2021 as a result of an increase in tax credits and tax exempt interest income as a percentage of pre-tax income in 2022. In the third quarter of 2022, Northrim recorded $2.9 million in state and federal income tax expense, for an effective tax rate of 22.41% compared to $2.8 million and 23.88% for the same period in 2021. For the first nine months of 2022, Northrim recorded $6.4 million in state and federal income tax expense, for an effective tax rate of 22.41% compared to $9.2 million in state and federal income tax expense, for an effective tax rate of 23.88% for the same period in 2021.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Balance Sheet Overview

Portfolio Investments

Portfolio investments, which include investment securities available for sale, investment securities held to maturity, and marketable equity securities, at September 30, 2022 increased 54%, or $244.7 million, to $699.8 million from $455.1 million at December 31, 2021 as the Company shifted short term cash balances from interest bearing deposits in other banks into slightly longer term, higher earning securities primarily through the purchase of agency and treasury securities during the first nine months of 2022.

The table below details portfolio investment balances by portfolio investment type:

Loans and Lending Activities

The following table presents the concentration distribution of the loan portfolio, net of deferred fees and costs, as of the dates indicated:

Loans decreased by $6.6 million, or 0.5%, to $1.407 billion at September 30, 2022 from $1.414 billion at December 31, 2021, primarily as a result of decreased SBA PPP loans. Loans excluding PPP loans increased $100.3 million, or 8% to $1.396 billion at September 30, 2022 from $1.296 billion at December 31, 2021. Management believes that the significant outreach that the Company has done throughout the SBA PPP lending cycle to both existing customers and new PPP loan customers has contributed to growth in our market share for non-PPP lending relationships. PPP loans are included in commercial and industrial loans in the table above and totaled $11.3 million at September 30, 2022 and $118.2 million at December 31, 2021.

Information about loan concentrations

The Company defines "direct exposure" to the oil and gas industry as companies that it has identified as significantly reliant upon activity related to the oil and gas industry, such as oilfield services, lodging, equipment rental, transportation, and other logistic services specific to the industry. The Company estimates that $59.6 million, or approximately 4% of loans as of September 30, 2022 have direct exposure to the oil and gas industry as compared to $63.6 million, or approximately 5% of loans as of December 31, 2021. The Company's unfunded commitments to borrowers that have direct exposure to the oil and

gas industry were $81.4 million and $66.4 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The portion of the Company's ACL that related to the loans with direct exposure to the oil and gas industry was estimated at $511,000 as of September 30, 2022 and $684,000 as of December 31, 2021.

The following table details loan balances by loan segment and class of financing receivable for loans with direct oil and gas exposure as of the dates indicated:

The Company monitors other concentrations within the loan portfolio depending on trends in the current and future estimated economic conditions. At September 30, 2022, the Company had $119.8 million, or 9% of portfolio loans, in the Healthcare sector, $93.3 million, or 7% of portfolio loans, in the Tourism sector, $78.2 million, or 6% of portfolio loans, in the Fishing sector, $64.6 million, or 5% of portfolio loans, in the Accommodations sector, $60.4 million, or 4% of portfolio loans, in the Retail sector, $50.8 million, or 4% of portfolio loans, in the Aviation (non-tourism) sector, and $48.6 million, or 3% in the Restaurant sector.

The portion of the Company's ACL that related to the loans with exposure to these industries is estimated at the following amounts as of September 30, 2022:

The following table sets forth information regarding changes in the ACL for the periods indicated:

The following table sets forth information regarding changes in the ACL for unfunded commitments for the periods indicated:

While management believes that it uses the best information available to determine the ACL, unforeseen market conditions and other events could result in adjustment to the ACL, and net income could be significantly affected if circumstances differed substantially from the assumptions used in making the final determination of the ACL. Moreover, bank regulators frequently monitor banks' loan loss allowances, and if regulators were to determine that the Company’s ACL is inadequate, they may require the Company to increase the ACL, which may adversely impact the Company’s net income and financial condition.

Deposits

Deposits are the Company’s primary source of funds. Total deposits increased $17.7 million, or 1%, to $2.439 billion as of September 30, 2022 compared to $2.422 billion as of December 31, 2021. The following table summarizes the Company's composition of deposits as of the periods indicated:

The Company’s mix of deposits continues to contribute to a low cost of funds with balances in transaction accounts representing 93% of total deposits at September 30, 2022 and 93% of total deposits at December 31, 2021.

The only deposit category with stated maturity dates is certificates of deposit. At September 30, 2022, the Company had $165.9 million in certificates of deposit as compared to certificates of deposit of $178.0 million at December 31, 2021. At September 30, 2022, $130.4 million, or 79%, of the Company’s certificates of deposits are scheduled to mature over the next 12 months as compared to $118.5 million, or 67%, of total certificates of deposit at December 31, 2021. The aggregate amount of certificates of deposit in amounts of $250,000 and greater at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was $65.8 million and $77.1 million, respectively. The following table sets forth the amount outstanding of deposits in amounts of $250,000 and greater by time remaining until maturity and percentage of total deposits as of September 30, 2022:

Borrowings

FHLB: The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (the "FHLB"). As a member, the Bank is eligible to obtain advances from the FHLB. FHLB advances are dependent on the availability of acceptable collateral such as marketable securities or real estate loans, although all FHLB advances are secured by a blanket pledge of the Bank’s assets. At September 30, 2022, our maximum borrowing line from the FHLB was $1.216 billion, approximately 45% of the Bank’s assets, subject to the FHLB’s collateral requirements. The Company has outstanding advances of $14.2 million as of September 30, 2022 which were originated to match fund low income housing projects that qualify for long term fixed interest rates. These advances have original terms of either 18 or 20 years with 30 year amortization periods and fixed interest rates ranging from 1.23% to 3.25%.

Federal Reserve Bank: The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (the "Federal Reserve Bank") is holding $42.1 million of loans as collateral to secure the Company's ability to take advances through the discount window on September 30, 2022. There were no discount window advances outstanding at either September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Other Short-term Borrowings: The Company is subject to provisions under Alaska state law, which generally limit the amount of outstanding debt to 35% of total assets or $945.6 million at September 30, 2022 and $948.0 million at December 31, 2021.

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no short-term (original maturity of one year or less) borrowings that exceeded 30% of shareholders’ equity.

Long-term Borrowings. The Company had no long-term borrowing outstanding other than the FHLB advances noted above as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company is a single bank holding company and its primary ongoing source of liquidity is from dividends received from the Bank. Such dividends arise from the cash flow and earnings of the Bank. Banking regulations and regulatory authorities may limit the amount of, or require the Bank to obtain certain approvals before paying, dividends to the Company. Given that the Bank currently meets and the Bank anticipates that it will continue to meet, all applicable capital adequacy requirements for a “well-capitalized” institution by regulatory standards, the Company expects to continue to receive dividends from the Bank during the remainder of 2022. Other available sources of liquidity for the bank holding company include the issuance of debt and the issuance of common or preferred stock. As of September 30, 2022, the Company has 10.0 million authorized shares of common stock, of which 5.7 million are issued and outstanding, leaving 4.3 million shares available for issuance. Additionally, the Company has 2.5 million authorized shares of preferred stock available for issuance.

The Bank manages its liquidity through its Asset and Liability Committee. The Bank's primary source of funds are customer deposits. These funds, together with loan repayments, loan sales, maturity of investment securities, borrowed funds, and retained earnings are used to make loans, to acquire securities and other assets, and to fund deposit flows and continuing operations. The primary sources of demands on our liquidity are customer demands for withdrawal of deposits and borrowers’ demands that we advance funds against unfunded lending commitments.

The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $406.9 million, or 15% of total assets at September 30, 2022 compared to $645.8 million, or 24% of total assets as of December 31, 2021. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents is primarily due to an increase in available for sale securities, but is still elevated as compared to historical norms both in balance and as a percentage of total assets. The Company had other comprehensive losses, net of tax, of $12.0 million and $28.0 million for the three and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2022 primarily due to unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities due to increases in interest rates. Management does not believe that liquidation of these securities, which would result in realized losses, will occur prior to maturity of these securities. Furthermore, management expects that the Company's elevated level of liquidity will continue through the remainder of 2022 and potentially into subsequent years. Accordingly, management has invested in slightly longer term investment securities in 2021 and 2022 as compared to the last several years. As of September 30, 2022, the weighted average maturity of available for sale securities is 3.5 years compared to 4.1 years at December 31, 2021 and 2.6 years at December 31, 2020. At September 30, 2022, $29.5 million available for sale securities mature within one year, $129.6 million mature within one to two years, and $171.2 million mature within two to three years. Our total unfunded commitments to fund loans and letters of credit at September 30, 2022 were $466.6 million. We do not expect that all of these loans are likely to be fully drawn upon at any one time. At September 30, 2022, certificates of deposit totaling $130.4 million are scheduled to mature over the next 12 months and may be withdrawn from the Bank. Similar to loans, we do not expect that these maturing certificates of deposit, or other non-maturity deposits, to be withdrawn from the Bank in a manner that will strain liquidity; however, unforeseen future circumstances or events may cause higher than anticipated withdrawal of deposits or draws of unfunded commitments to fund new loans. Management believes that cash requirements to fund future non-deposit liabilities, including operating lease liabilities, other liabilities, or borrowings as of September 30, 2022, are not material to the Company's liquidity position as of September 30, 2022.

The Company has other available sources of liquidity to fund unforeseen liquidity needs. These include borrowings available through our correspondent banking relationships and our credit lines with the Federal Reserve Bank and the FHLB. At September 30, 2022, our liquid assets were $651.5 million and our funds available for borrowing under our existing lines of credit were $1.263 billion. Given these sources of liquidity and our expectations for customer demands for cash and for our operating cash needs, we believe our sources of liquidity to be sufficient in the foreseeable future.

As shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included in Part I - Item 1 "Financial Statements" of this report, net cash provided by operating activities was $40.8 million for the first nine months of 2022, primarily due to cash provided by net income and net proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale, which were only partially offset by cash used in connection with the origination of loans held for sale. Net cash used by investing activities was $275.4 million for the same period, primarily due to purchases of available for sale and held to maturity securities. This use of cash was only partially offset by a decrease in loans, primarily attributable to SBA PPP forgiveness. Net cash used by financing activities in the same period was $4.4 million, primarily due to repurchases of common stock and cash dividends paid to shareholders which were only partially offset by an increase in deposits.

Throughout our history, the Company has periodically repurchased for cash a portion of its shares of common stock in the open market. The Company repurchased 333,724 shares of its common stock under the Company's previously announced repurchase programs in the first nine months of 2022. At September 30, 2022, there are no shares remaining of the shares previously authorized for repurchase. The Company may elect to continue to repurchase our stock from time-to-time depending upon market conditions, but we can make no assurances that we will continue this program or that we will authorize additional shares for repurchase.

Capital Requirements and Ratios

We are subject to minimum capital requirements. Federal banking agencies have adopted regulations establishing minimum requirements for the capital adequacy of banks and bank holding companies. The requirements address both risk-based capital and leverage capital. We believe as of September 30, 2022, that the Company and the Bank met all applicable capital adequacy requirements for a “well-capitalized” institution by regulatory standards.

The table below illustrates the capital requirements in effect for the periods noted for the Company and the Bank and the actual capital ratios for each entity that exceed these requirements. Management intends to maintain capital ratios for the Bank in 2022, exceeding the FDIC’s requirements for the “well-capitalized” classification. The capital ratios for the Company exceed those for the Bank primarily because the $10 million trust preferred securities offering completed in the fourth quarter of 2005 is included in the Company’s capital for regulatory purposes, although they are accounted for as a long-term debt in our financial statements. The trust preferred securities are not accounted for on the Bank’s financial statements nor are they included in its capital. As a result, the Company has $10 million more in regulatory capital than the Bank at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, which explains most of the difference in the capital ratios for the two entities.

See Note 23 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II. Item 8 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for a detailed discussion of the capital ratios. The requirements for "well- capitalized" come from the Prompt Corrective Action rules. See Part I. Item 1 - Business - Supervision and Regulation in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. These rules apply to the Bank but not to the Company. Under the rules of the Federal Reserve Bank, a bank holding company such as the Company is generally defined to be "well capitalized" if its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is 8.0% or more and its total risk-based capital ratio is 10.0% or more.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our critical accounting policies are described in detail in Part II. Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis, and in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The SEC defines "critical accounting policies" as those that require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments as a result of the need to make "critical accounting estimates", which are estimates that involve estimation uncertainty that has had or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations. The Company's critical accounting policies include allowance for credit losses, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, the valuation of OREO, the valuation of mortgage servicing rights, and fair value. There have been no material changes to the valuation techniques or models, that affect our estimates during 2022 except as noted below.

Allowance for Credit Losses Policy: For loan pools that utilize the discounted cash flow ("DCF") method, the Company utilizes complex models to obtain reasonable and supportable forecasts to calculate two predictive metrics, the probability of default ("PD") and loss given default. The PD measures the probability that a loan will default within a given time horizon and is an assumption derived from regression models which determine the relationship between historical defaults and certain economic variables. As of December 31, 2021, management utilized and forecasted Alaska unemployment as a loss driver for all of the loan pools that utilized the DCF method. Management also utilized and forecasted either one-year percentage change in the Alaska home price index or the one-year percentage change in the national commercial real estate price index as a second loss driver depending on the nature of the underlying loan pool and how well that loss driver correlated to expected future losses. Additionally, the Company's regression models for PD as of December 31, 2021 utilized the Company's actual historical loan level default data.

As of January 1, 2022, management utilizes and forecasts U.S. unemployment as the sole loss driver for all of the loan pools that utilize the DCF method. The Company's regression models for PD as of January 1, 2022 utilize peer historical loan level default data. Peers for this purpose include banks in the United States with total assets between $1 billion and $5 billion whose loan portfolios share certain characteristics with the Company's loan portfolio. Peers differ by loan segment; a bank is included in the peer group for each loan segment under the following circumstances:

• The percentage the balance of the loan segment compared to total loans over a five year look back period is within 1.5 standard deviations of the Company's data;
• The percentage of total charge offs for the loan segment over a five year look back period is within 1 standard deviation of the Company's data; and
• The percentage of total charge offs for the loan segment during the recessionary period from the fourth quarter of 2008 to the fourth quarter of 2012 is within 1 standard deviation of the Company's data.

No other changes have been made to the Company's Allowance for Credit Losses Policy since December 31, 2021.