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Equity Bancshares EQBK Form 10-Q filing Q3 FY2025

Filed
Nov 3, 2025
Fiscal quarter
Q3 FY2025
Calendar quarter
Q3 2025
Accession
0001193125-25-262699

Important Notice about Information in this Quarterly Report

Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company” and “Equity” refer to Equity Bancshares, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Equity Bank, which we sometimes refer to as “Equity Bank,” “the Bank” or “our Bank.”

The information contained in this Quarterly Report is accurate only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and as of the dates specified herein.

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PART I

Item 1: Financial Statements

EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

Line item(Unaudited)September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks
Federal funds sold
Cash and cash equivalents699,410383,747
Interest-bearing deposit in other banks
Available-for-sale securities
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value of $5,378 and $5,214
Loans held for sale
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of and
Other real estate owned, net
Premises and equipment, net
Bank-owned life insurance
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock
Interest receivable
Goodwill
Core deposit intangibles, net
Other
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits
Demand
Total non-interest-bearing deposits
Demand, savings and money market
Time
Total interest-bearing deposits
Total deposits
Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Subordinated debt
Contractual obligations
Interest payable and other liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingent liabilities, see Notes 12 and 13
Stockholders’ equity, see Note 8
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)()
Treasury stock()()
Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

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EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025, and 2024

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Line item(Unaudited)Three Months Ended September 30, 2025(Unaudited)Three Months Ended September 30, 2024(Unaudited)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025(Unaudited)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Interest and dividend income
Loans, including fees
Securities, taxable
Securities, nontaxable
Federal funds sold and other
Total interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Deposits
Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings
Subordinated debt
Total interest expense
Net interest income
Provision (reversal) for credit losses
Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees
Debit card income
Mortgage banking
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance
Net gain on acquisition and branch sales
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions()()
Other
Total non-interest income()()
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits
Net occupancy and equipment
Data processing
Professional fees
Advertising and business development
Telecommunications
FDIC insurance
Courier and postage
Free nationwide ATM cost
Amortization of core deposit intangibles
Loan expense
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net()()
Loss on debt extinguishment
Merger expenses
Other
Total non-interest expense
Income (loss) before income tax()()
Provision (benefit) for income taxes()()
Net income (loss) and net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders$()
Basic earnings (loss) per share$()
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$()
See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

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EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025, and 2024

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

Line item(Unaudited)Three Months Ended September 30, 2025(Unaudited)Three Months Ended September 30, 2024(Unaudited)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025(Unaudited)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Net income$()
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on available-for-sale securities
Reclassification for net (gains) losses included in net income
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on cash flow hedges()()()
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
Tax effect()()()()
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income (loss)

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

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EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025, and 2024

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Line itemCommon StockShares OutstandingCommon StockAmountAdditionalPaid-In CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated OtherComprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury StockTotalStockholders’Equity
Balance at July 1, 202415,207,962$208$491,709$163,068$(62,005)$(131,545)
Net income19,851
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects21,993
Cash dividends - common stock, per share(2,295)()
Dividend equivalents- restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, $0.15 per share(36)()
Stock-based compensation996
Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options73,36811,699
Common stock issued under stock-based incentive plan2,166
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan12,581359359
Treasury stock purchase3535
Balance at September 30, 202415,296,077$209$494,763$180,588$(40,012)$(131,510)
Balance at July 1, 202517,535,989$231$587,547$219,876$(40,269)$(131,749)
Net income(29,663)()
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects44,989
Cash dividends - common stock, per share(3,443)()
Dividend equivalents- restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, $0.18 per share(52)()
Stock-based compensation1,582
Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options3,02371
Common stock issued under stock-based incentive plan13,879
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan12,940436436
Common stock issued with private placement, net of offering costs
Common stock issued in merger1,729,7831868,84568,863
Treasury stock purchases(175,732)(6,527)(6,527)
Balance at September 30, 202519,119,882$249$658,481$186,718$4,720$(138,276)

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

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EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025, and 2024

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Line itemCommon StockShares OutstandingCommon StockAmountAdditionalPaid-In CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated OtherComprehensive Income (Loss)Treasury StockTotalStockholders’Equity
Balance at January 1, 202415,443,651$207$489,187$141,006$(57,920)$(119,620)
Net income45,635
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects17,908
Cash dividends - common stock, per share(5,961)()
Dividend equivalents- restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, $0.39 per share(92)()
Stock-based compensation2,859
Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options83,61811,991
Common stock issued under stock-based incentive plan101,9161(1)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan29,465727727
Treasury stock purchase(362,573)(11,890)(11,890)
Balance at September 30, 202415,296,077$209$494,763$180,588$(40,012)$(131,510)
Balance at January 1, 202517,427,626$230$584,424$194,920$(55,181)$(131,475)
Net income642
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects59,901
Cash dividends - common stock, per share(8,703)()
Dividend equivalents- restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, $0.48 per share(141)()
Stock-based compensation4,221
Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options6,773183
Common stock issued under stock-based incentive plan112,0711(1)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan26,861882882
Common stock issued with private placement, net of offering costs(73)(73)
Common stock issued in merger1,729,7831868,84568,863
Treasury stock purchases(183,232)(6,801)(6,801)
Balance at September 30, 202519,119,882$249$658,481$186,718$4,720$(138,276)

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 · Dollar amounts in thousands

View SEC source
Line item(Unaudited)September 30, 2025(Unaudited)September 30, 2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Stock-based compensation
Depreciation
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset
Amortization of cloud computing implementation costs
Provision (reversal) for credit losses
Net amortization (accretion) of purchase valuation adjustments()()
Amortization (accretion) of premiums and discounts on securities()()
Amortization of intangible assets
Deferred income taxes()()
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends()()
Loss (gain) on sales and valuation adjustments on other real estate owned731(7,875)
Net loss (gain) on sales and settlements of securities53,307268
Change in unrealized (gains) losses on equity securities()
Loss (gain) on disposal of premises and equipment()
Loss (gain) on lease termination
Loss (gain) on sales and valuation adjustments on foreclosed assets(52)52
Loss on debt extinguishment
Loss (gain) on sales of loans()
Originations of loans held for sale()()
Proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale
Increase in the value of bank-owned life insurance()()
Change in fair value of derivatives recognized in earnings()
Gain on acquisition()
Payments on operating lease payable()()
Net change in:
Interest receivable()
Other assets
Interest payable and other liabilities()
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows (to) from investing activities
Purchases of available-for-sale securities()()
Purchase of held-to-maturity securities()
Proceeds from sales, calls, pay-downs and maturities of available-for-sale securities
Proceeds from calls, pay-downs and maturities of held-to-maturity securities
Net change in interest-bearing time deposits()
Net change in loans()()
Purchase of government guaranteed loans(61,987)(32,248)
Purchase of premises and equipment()()
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets
Net redemptions (purchases) of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock(4,327)(12,687)
Net redemptions (purchases) of correspondent and miscellaneous other stock(744)(493)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned
Purchase of bank owned life insurance()
Proceeds from surrender of bank owned life insurance policies16,174
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance death benefits
Purchase of Net Assets of NBC Corp. of Oklahoma, net of cash acquired150,431

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Purchase of Net Assets of Rockhold BanCorp, net of cash acquired60,914
Purchase of Net Assets of KansasLand Bancshares, Inc., net of cash acquired1,261
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities()
Cash flows (to) from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits()()
Net change in federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements()
Net borrowings (repayments) on Federal Home Loan Bank line of credit163,304189,947
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank term advances896,466900,000
Principal repayments on Federal Home Loan Bank term advances()()
Proceeds from Federal Reserve Bank borrowings
Principal payments on Federal Reserve Bank borrowings(2,000)(141,000)
Principal payments on bank stock loan()
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net()
Proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan
Proceeds from subordinated debt
Debt issue cost()
Principal payments on subordinated debt()
Purchase of treasury stock()()
Net change in contractual obligations()()
Dividends paid on common stock()()
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities()
Net change in cash and cash equivalents()
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Ending cash and cash equivalents
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid
Income taxes paid, net of refunds
Supplemental noncash disclosures:
Other real estate owned acquired in settlement of loans
Other repossessed assets acquired in settlement of loans671633
Purchase of investments in tax credits structures and resulting contractual obligations10,0008,000
Redemption of BOLI and other related noncash items40,104
Securities traded but not settled9,444
Total fair value of assts acquired in purchase of Rockhold BanCorp, net of cash301,018
Total fair value of liabilities assumed in purchase of Rockhold BanCorp360,632
Total fair value of assets acquired in purchase of KansasLand Bancshares, Inc., net of cash50,572
Total fair value of liabilities assumed in purchase of KansasLand Bancshares, Inc.51,002
Total fair value of assets acquired in purchase of NBC Corp. of Oklahoma, net of cash729,524
Total fair value of liabilities assumed in purchase of NBC Corp. of Oklahoma835,565

See accompanying condensed notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

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EQUITY BANCSHARES, INC.

CONDENSED NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Equity Bancshares, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Equity Bank (“Equity Bank”), EBAC, LLC (“EBAC”) and Equity Risk Management, Inc. (“ERMI”). ERMI provides property and casualty insurance coverage to Equity Bancshares and Equity Bank and reinsurance to other third party insurance captives for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today's insurance marketplace. The wholly-owned subsidiaries of Equity Bank are comprised of SA Holdings, Inc. (“SA Holdings”), SA Property LLC (“SA Property”), and EQBK Investments, LLC. (“EQBK Investments”). SA Holdings and SA Property were established for the purpose of holding and selling other real estate owned. EQBK Investments was established for the purpose to hold Equity Bank's investment in a real estate investment trust. These entities are collectively referred to as the “Company”. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with guidance provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial information. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In the opinion of management, the interim statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company on a consolidated basis and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, or any other period.

Reclassifications

Some items in prior financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Management determined the items reclassified are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole and did not result in a change in equity or net income for the periods reported.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 require public business entities on an annual basis to disclose: (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation; (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold of five percent of pretax income multiplied by the statutory rate; (3) provide a qualitative description of the state and local jurisdictions that make up a majority of the state and local income tax category; (4) requires the entity to provide an explanation of the nature, effect and underlying causes of the reconciling items disclosed and the judgment used in categorizing the reconciling items; (5) requires that all entities disclose on an annual basis income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes, and the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds); (6) requires disclosure of income from continuing operations before income tax expense to be disaggregated between domestic and foreign, and income tax expense disaggregated by federal, state and foreign; and (7) removes the disclosures of estimating the range of reasonably possible change in unrecognized tax benefits balance in the next 12 months and removes the requirement to disclose the cumulative amount of each type of temporary difference when a deferred tax liability is not recognized because of the exceptions to comprehensive recognition of deferred taxes related to subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will not be impacted by this guidance; however, this guidance will impact the Company's financial statement disclosures.

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In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2024-03, update require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments will require an the Company to disclose employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible amortization included in each relevant expense caption on the face of the income statement. In addition, certain amounts already required to be disclosed under other current GAAP will be disclosed in this disaggregation and a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in each relevant expense caption. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and early adoptions is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will not be impacted by this guidance; however, this guidance will impact the Company's financial statement disclosures.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures - Clarifying the Effective Date. The amendments in ASU 2025-01, clarify that all public entities should initially adopt the disclosure requirements of ASU 2024-03 in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The transition guidance included in ASU 2024-03 and related impact is unchanged by this guidance.

NOTE 2 – INVESTMENTS

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are listed below.

September 30, 2025Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowancefor Credit LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$28,725$335$29,060
U.S. Treasury securities43,159123(1)43,281
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities633,3517,469(1,367)639,453
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities4,582(124)4,458
Corporate83,755755(1,605)82,905
Small Business Administration loan pools83,52779(315)83,291
State and political subdivisions21,82547(462)21,410
$()
December 31, 2024Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowancefor Credit LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$71,173$68$(6,147)$65,094
U.S. Treasury securities86,523118(78)86,563
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities600,558887(35,935)565,510
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities144,971(20,307)124,664
Corporate61,947177(3,472)58,652
Small Business Administration loan pools30,21259(343)29,928
State and political subdivisions83,86827(9,851)74,044
$()

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The December 31, 2024, table has been revised to correct the presentation of securities with an amortized cost of $23,670 and fair value of $23,662. The securities, which are included in small business administration loan pools, were previously included in government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity securities and the related gross unrecognized gains and losses are listed in the following tables.

September 30, 2025Amortized CostGross Unrecognized GainsGross Unrecognized LossesAllowancefor Credit LossesFair Value
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities$3,960$121$(3)$4,078
State and political subdivisions1,28318(1)1,300
$()$5,378
December 31, 2024Amortized CostGross Unrecognized GainsGross Unrecognized LossesAllowancefor Credit LossesFair Value
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities$3,932$3$(26)$3,909
State and political subdivisions1,28526(6)1,305
$()$5,214

The fair value and amortized cost of debt securities at September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately.

Line itemAvailable-for-SaleAmortized CostAvailable-for-SaleFair ValueHeld-to-MaturityAmortized CostHeld-to-MaturityFair Value
Within one year
One to five years
Five to ten years170
After ten years1,130
SBA loan pools83,52783,291
Mortgage-backed securities3,9604,078
Total debt securities$5,378

The following table shows the carrying value and fair value of securities pledged as collateral to secure public fund deposits; borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank; and retail repurchase obligations at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Book ValueSeptember 30, 2025Fair ValueDecember 31, 2024Book ValueDecember 31, 2024Fair Value
Public fund deposits$617,691$623,691$732,935$690,855
Federal Home Loan Bank pledging104,88890,406
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings10,48110,358
Retail repurchase agreements43,11943,54849,02145,249
Total securities pledged$660,810$667,239$897,325$836,868

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The following tables show gross unrealized or unrecognized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category, and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
FairValueUnrealizedLossFairValueUnrealizedLossFairValueUnrealizedLoss
September 30, 2025
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$$$$$$
U.S. Treasury securities2,226(1)2,226(1)
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities108,628(505)23,660(862)132,288(1,367)
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities4,458(124)4,458(124)
Corporate$5,609$(56)$29,762$(1,549)35,371(1,605)
Small Business Administration loan pools55,255(293)2,022(22)57,277(315)
State and political subdivisions1,775(7)11,585(455)13,360(462)
Total$()$()$()
December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$15,084$(62)$32,195$(6,085)$47,279$(6,147)
U.S. Treasury securities2,940(1)19,943(77)22,883(78)
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities148,954(1,533)268,364(34,402)417,318(35,935)
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities124,664(20,307)124,664(20,307)
Corporate1,765(34)47,022(3,438)48,787(3,472)
Small Business Administration loan pools23,812(70)2,284(273)26,096(343)
State and political subdivisions7,948(89)62,119(9,762)70,067(9,851)
Total$()$()$()
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
FairValueUnrecognizedLossFairValueUnrecognizedLossFairValueUnrecognizedLoss
September 30, 2025
Held-to-maturity securities
Residential mortgage-backed (issued by government-sponsored entities)$866$(3)$$$866$(3)
State and political subdivisions170(1)170$(1)
Total$(3)$170$(1)$1,036$(4)
December 31, 2024
Held-to-maturity securities
Residential mortgage-backed (issued by government-sponsored entities)$853$(26)$$$853$(26)
State and political subdivisions167(6)167(6)
Total$(32)$$$1,020$(32)

As of September 30, 2025, the Company held available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position and two held-to-maturity security in an unrecognized loss position.

Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities and unrecognized losses on held-to-maturity securities have not been recognized into income because the security issuers are of high credit quality, management does not intend to sell and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery. The decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and the fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity.

The Company's available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments that carry some form of credit risk are private label residential mortgage-backed, corporate and state and political subdivisions securities.

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The Company's private label residential mortgage-backed exposure consists of one security held by the Company and is senior in the capital structure, carry substantial credit enhancement and are 20% risk weighted by the Simplified Supervisory Formula Approach (“SSFA”). At September 30, 2025, the Company does not anticipate any credit losses in the private label residential mortgage-backed securities portfolio.

The Company's corporate debt exposure consists of 29 separate positions in U.S. financial institutions, all of which the Company has determined to be investment grade. Substantially all of the positions are subordinated debt issued by bank holding companies. The Company periodically reviews financial data of the issuers to ensure their continued investment grade status. At September 30, 2025, the Company does not anticipate any credit losses in the corporate debt securities portfolio.

The Company's portfolio of state and political subdivisions securities is comprised of 81 positions of which 67% of the positions are rated “A” or better by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization (“NRSRO”), and 46% of the overall portfolio is made up of general obligation bonds. The Company periodically reviews financial data of the entities and regularly monitors credit ratings changes of the entities. At September 30, 2025, the Company does not anticipate any credit losses in the state and political subdivisions securities portfolio.

The proceeds from sales and the associated gains and losses on available-for-sale securities reclassified from other comprehensive income to income are listed below.

Line itemThree Months Ended September 30, 2025Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Proceeds
Gross gain16413167
Gross losses
Income tax expense/(benefit)(12,855)(12,852)(62)

The Company also invests in several other investments, including investments in stocks and partnerships, which are included in other assets. The following table shows the various investment balances and method of accounting at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Investments in stocks
Accounted for at fair value through net income
Accounted for at amortized cost assessed for impairment2,4161,982
Total investments in stocks
Investments in partnerships
Accounted for under the equity method
Accounted for under the hypothetical liquidation book value1,7061,961
Accounted for under proportional amortization33,32123,498
Total investments in partnerships
Total other investments

The unrealized gain/(loss) for other investments accounted for at fair value that were still held at the reporting period were $10 and $3 at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

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The following table discloses the financial statement impact of tax credit investments for the three month period ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025Income Tax Credits Recognized During Period (a)Other Income Tax Benefits (a)Total Tax BenefitsInvestment Amortization Included in Income Tax Expense
Investments and tax credit structures:
Included in proportional amortization$3,702$627$4,329$(3,881)
Not included in proportional amortization$(134)$(134)
September 30, 2024
Investments and tax credit structures:
Included in proportional amortization$(7,424)$(759)$(8,183)$7,096
Not included in proportional amortization$151$151
(a) Reported in income tax expense on statements of income and reported in net change in other assets on statements of cash flows.

The following table discloses the financial statement impact of tax credit investments for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025Income Tax Credits Recognized During Period (a)Other Income Tax Benefits (a)Total Tax BenefitsInvestment Amortization Included in Income Tax Expense
Investments and tax credit structures:
Included in proportional amortization$14$3$17$(15)
Not included in proportional amortization$(1)$(1)
September 30, 2024
Investments and tax credit structures:
Included in proportional amortization$(8,251)$(984)$(9,235)$8,021
Not included in proportional amortization$174$174
(a) Reported in income tax expense on statements of income and reported in net change in other assets on statements of cash flows.

17

NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Types of loans and normal collateral securing those loans are listed below.

Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate loans include all loans secured by non-farm, nonresidential properties and by multifamily residential properties, as well as 1-4 family investment-purpose real estate loans.

Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans include loans used to purchase fixed assets, provide working capital or meet other financing needs of the business. Loans are normally secured by the assets being purchased or already owned by the borrower, inventory or accounts receivable. These may include SBA and other guaranteed or partially guaranteed types of loans.

Residential real estate: Residential real estate loans include loans secured by primary or secondary personal residences.

Agricultural real estate: Agricultural real estate loans are loans typically secured by farmland.

Agricultural: Agricultural loans are primarily operating lines subject to annual farming revenues including productivity/yield of the agricultural commodities produced. These loans may be secured by growing crops, stored crops, livestock, equipment, and miscellaneous receivables.

Consumer: Consumer loans may include installment loans, unsecured and secured personal lines of credit, overdraft protection and letters of credit. These loans are generally secured by consumer assets but may be unsecured.

The following table reconciles the outstanding balance of loans at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Net loan balance$4,288,110$3,504,218
Loan origination fees and expenses(2,548)(848)
Merger fair value adjustments(18,460)(6,300)
Hedge fair market value adjustments(1,196)(1,658)
Purchased premium and discounts2,6815,404
Total

The following table lists categories of loans at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate$2,216,180$1,830,514
Commercial and industrial907,439658,865
Residential real estate590,598566,766
Agricultural real estate272,087267,248
Agricultural174,51787,339
Consumer107,76690,084
Total loans
Allowance for credit losses()()
Net loans

From time to time, the Company has purchased pools of residential real estate loans originated by other financial institutions to hold for investment with the intent to diversify the residential real estate portfolio. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company did not purchase any pools of residential loans. As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, residential real estate loans include $260,184 and $274,922 of purchased residential real estate loans.

The Company occasionally purchases the government guaranteed portion of loans originated by other financial institutions to hold for investment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company purchased zero and $61,987 in loans guaranteed by governmental agencies. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company purchased $25,145 and $32,248 in loans guaranteed by governmental agencies.

18

The unamortized purchase accounting discounts related to non-purchase credit deteriorated loans included in the loan totals above are $13,802 with related loans of $773,675 at September 30, 2025, and $4,659 with related loans of $252,309 at December 31, 2024.

Overdraft deposit accounts are reclassified and included in consumer loans above. These accounts totaled $739 at September 30, 2025, and $329 at December 31, 2024.

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by class for the three month period ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025Commercial Real EstateCommercialand IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$16,250$13,237$8,542$5,132$268$1,841
Provision for credit losses3,5672,111478(88)(133)293
Initial PCD on Acquired loans1,857212254075743,075
Loans charged-off(232)(828)(27)(29)(2)(316)(1,434)
Recoveries1222113111261
Total ending allowance balance$21,454$14,953$9,031$5,433$719$1,879
September 30, 2024Commercial Real EstateCommercialand IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$14,492$16,407$8,066$2,254$522$1,746
Provision for credit losses737247(59)(40)(43)341
Initial PCD on Acquired loans94333022404
Loans charged-off(930)(352)(23)(1)(474)(1,780)
Recoveries77622142255
Total ending allowance balance$15,236$15,809$7,720$2,535$522$1,668

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by class for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30,2025Commercial Real EstateCommercialand IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$14,948$14,005$8,553$3,504$439$1,818
Provision for credit losses4,3851,7175721,493(253)1,055
Initial PCD on Acquired loans1,857212254075743,075
Loans charged-off(482)(1,680)(149)(56)(95)(1,229)(3,691)
Recoveries746699308554235
Total ending allowance balance$21,454$14,953$9,031$5,433$719$1,879
September 30, 2024Commercial Real EstateCommercialand IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$13,476$17,954$7,784$1,718$995$1,593
Provision for credit losses1,74122753495(774)706
Initial PCD on Acquired loans12822733030691,000
Loans charged-off(19)(2,772)(385)(24)(28)(814)(4,042)
Recoveries38272411623174
Total ending allowance balance$15,236$15,809$7,720$2,535$522$1,668

19

The following tables present the recorded investment in loans and the balance in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio and class based on the method to determine allowance for credit loss as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

September 30,2025Commercial Real EstateCommercialand IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$3,132$1,265$1,002$674$548$193$6,814
Collectively evaluated for credit losses18,32213,6888,0294,7591711,686
Total$21,454$14,953$9,031$5,433$719$1,879
Loan Balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$25,791$22,188$4,510$7,506$6,828$786$67,609
Collectively evaluated for credit losses2,190,389885,251586,088264,581167,689106,980
Total$2,216,180$907,439$590,598$272,087$174,517$107,766
December 31, 2024Commercial Real EstateCommercialand IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$1,053$1,618$1,167$701$147$201$4,887
Collectively evaluated for credit losses13,89512,3877,3862,8032921,617
Total$14,948$14,005$8,553$3,504$439$1,818
Loan Balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$7,854$8,593$4,996$5,839$1,740$871$29,893
Collectively evaluated for credit losses1,822,660650,272561,770261,40985,59989,213
Total$1,830,514$658,865$566,766$267,248$87,339$90,084

20

The following tables present information related to non-accrual loans at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

September 30,2025

View SEC source
Line itemUnpaid Principal BalanceRecorded InvestmentAllowance for Credit Losses Allocated
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate$4,005$3,957
Commercial and industrial18,40317,101
Residential real estate59
Agricultural real estate3,6202,115
Agricultural1,6241,291
Consumer14
Subtotal27,72524,464
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate13,96712,7322,007
Commercial and industrial8,4214,7211,228
Residential real estate4,4684,109974
Agricultural real estate1,7661,240288
Agricultural56553892
Consumer810770191
Subtotal29,99724,1104,780
Total$57,722$48,574$4,780

December 31, 2024

View SEC source
Line itemUnpaid Principal BalanceRecorded InvestmentAllowance for Credit Losses Allocated
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate$3,068$3,068
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate19
Agricultural real estate2,4902,014
Agricultural
Consumer31
Subtotal5,6085,082
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate4,7194,3901,015
Commercial and industrial12,4247,7981,482
Residential real estate5,2604,6701,145
Agricultural real estate5,5943,737697
Agricultural95359273
Consumer846781187
Subtotal29,79621,9684,599
Total$35,404$27,050$4,599

21

The tables below present average recorded investment and interest income related to non-accrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024. Interest income recognized in the following table was substantially recognized on the cash basis. The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable due to immateriality.

Line itemAs of and for the Three Months Ended · September 30,2025Average Recorded InvestmentAs of and for the Three Months Ended · September 30,2025Interest Income RecognizedAs of and for the Three Months Ended · September 30,2024Average Recorded InvestmentAs of and for the Three Months Ended · September 30,2024Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate$3,755$3,948
Commercial and industrial17,13472
Residential real estate2
Agricultural real estate1,9821163,068
Agricultural1,291273
Consumer
Subtotal24,1621907,289
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate13,715383,89252
Commercial and industrial6,231278,104110
Residential real estate4,153224,68315
Agricultural real estate3,5093,6564
Agricultural3,1864605
Consumer81136875
Subtotal31,6059421,627186
Total$55,767$28,916

22

Line itemAs of and for the Nine Months Ended · September 30,2025Average Recorded InvestmentAs of and for the Nine Months Ended · September 30,2025Interest Income RecognizedAs of and for the Nine Months Ended · September 30,2024Average Recorded InvestmentAs of and for the Nine Months Ended · September 30,2024Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate$3,404$8$3,660$55
Commercial and industrial8,567197498
Residential real estate21
Agricultural real estate1,9781642,007122
Agricultural6451365
Consumer
Subtotal14,5943716,301183
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate9,264703,13161
Commercial and industrial7,123446,501116
Residential real estate4,534265,09625
Agricultural real estate2,9303,4655
Agricultural2,20941,5901
Consumer793106877
Subtotal26,85315420,470215
Total$41,447$26,771

The following table presents the amount of non-accrual interest income written off for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

Line itemThree Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024
Commercial real estate$89$77$153$144
Commercial and industrial294334857383
Residential real estate16143546
Agricultural real estate5314877150
Agricultural637696
Consumer551511
Total$463$581$1,213$830

23

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, by portfolio and class of loans.

September 30, 202530 - 59DaysPast Due60 - 89DaysPast DueGreaterThan90 DaysPastDue Still OnAccrualNon-accrualLoans NotPast DueTotal
Commercial real estate$⁠3,877$2,962$16,689$2,192,6522,216,180
Commercial and industrial1,89357486521,822882,285907,439
Residential real estate1,3441,9752344,109582,936590,598
Agricultural real estate5301501,7423,355266,310272,087
Agricultural20066581,829171,815174,517
Consumer533129770106,334107,766
Total$⁠8,377$6,455$48,574$4,202,332
December 31, 202430 - 59DaysPast Due60 - 89DaysPast DueGreaterThan90 DaysPastDue Still OnAccrualNon-accrualLoans NotPast DueTotal
Commercial real estate$⁠3,502$2,030$156$7,458$1,817,3681,830,514
Commercial and industrial1,314644257,798649,084658,865
Residential real estate2,3966344,670559,066566,766
Agricultural real estate4573125,751260,728267,248
Agricultural4118059286,25687,339
Consumer66619678188,44190,084
Total$⁠8,746$3,896$27,050$3,460,943

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Consumer loans are considered pass credits unless downgraded due to payment status or reviewed as part of a larger credit relationship. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings.

Pass: Loans classified as pass include all loans that do not fall under one of the three following categories.

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

24

Based on the analysis performed at September 30, 2025, the risk category of loans by type and year of origination is as follows.

September 30, 202520252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans Amortized CostRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial real estate
Risk rating
Pass$327,883$344,701$182,422$271,350$168,596$304,134$588,187$1,026$2,188,299
Special mention115793706441,208
Substandard4,4681,1507,4583,8162,3663,4673,94826,673
Doubtful
Total commercial real estate$332,351$345,966$189,880$275,245$170,962$307,971$592,779$1,026$2,216,180
Commercial and industrial
Risk rating
Pass$178,919$135,606$56,211$59,903$36,182$52,850$345,194$859$865,724
Special mention9711,6151511282112912,825
Substandard888,4607,7323412282,1969,12264728,814
Doubtful7676
Total commercial and industrial$179,007$144,163$75,558$60,395$36,422$55,943$354,445$1,506$907,439
Residential real estate
Risk rating
Pass$41,713$20,486$32,987$37,573$249,958$126,423$76,301$389$585,830
Special mention283283
Substandard171043964041813,107231454,485
Doubtful
Total residential real estate$41,730$20,590$33,383$37,977$250,139$129,813$76,532$434$590,598
Agricultural real estate
Risk rating
Pass$54,370$46,931$20,911$20,866$12,256$53,907$57,658$265$267,164
Special mention8131139
Substandard2,1554217741,4344,784
Doubtful
Total agricultural real estate$54,378$46,931$23,066$21,287$13,030$55,472$57,658$265$272,087
Agricultural
Risk rating
Pass$24,616$22,573$5,880$2,866$1,772$3,063$112,133$15$172,918
Special mention16465
Substandard198280230244333691,534
Doubtful
Total agricultural$24,616$22,771$6,161$3,096$1,796$3,560$112,502$15$174,517
Consumer
Risk rating
Pass$34,701$10,397$11,608$8,762$3,988$3,791$33,749$106,996
Special mention
Substandard105721024717769770
Doubtful
Total consumer$34,711$10,454$11,818$9,009$4,165$3,860$33,749$107,766
Total loans
Risk rating
Pass$662,202$580,694$310,019$401,320$472,752$544,168$1,213,222$2,554$4,186,931
Special mention821211,616230121,66977314,520
Substandard4,5839,96918,2315,4593,75010,70613,67069267,060
Doubtful7676
Total loans$666,793$590,875$339,866$407,009$476,514$556,619$1,227,665$3,246$4,268,587

25

Based on the analysis performed at December 31, 2024, the risk category of loans by type and year of origination is as follows.

December 31, 202420242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized CostRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial real estate
Risk rating
Pass$332,078$191,947$337,048$162,180$148,732$166,614$474,324$855$1,813,778
Special mention3311033784971,309
Substandard7954593,6933,4993656,27733915,427
Doubtful
Total commercial real estate$333,204$192,406$340,844$165,679$149,097$173,269$475,160$855$1,830,514
Commercial and industrial
Risk rating
Pass$114,421$78,335$69,294$32,227$53,119$16,902$261,227$994$626,519
Special mention121160188701311,300
Substandard8,2568,1893152741,1131,59210,56366730,969
Doubtful7777
Total commercial and industrial$122,798$86,524$69,769$32,519$54,232$19,441$271,921$1,661$658,865
Residential real estate
Risk rating
Pass$25,981$33,933$35,687$260,180$7,622$130,242$66,981$572$561,198
Special mention30072372
Substandard1952534031233,370807455,196
Doubtful
Total residential real estate$25,981$34,128$35,940$260,583$7,745$133,912$67,860$617$566,766
Agricultural real estate
Risk rating
Pass$52,369$16,936$24,551$11,468$20,508$36,834$95,410$277$258,353
Special mention1,5411511385952,425
Substandard2,05456571763,659546,470
Doubtful
Total agricultural real estate$53,910$18,990$24,758$12,039$20,584$40,631$96,059$277$267,248
Agricultural
Risk rating
Pass$15,428$4,045$5,364$2,576$3,674$1,308$53,757$49$86,201
Special mention3232
Substandard4518519274404361431,106
Doubtful
Total agricultural$15,473$4,230$5,383$2,850$4,078$1,376$53,900$49$87,339
Consumer
Risk rating
Pass$35,412$17,503$14,157$5,765$2,732$2,724$11,007$89,300
Special mention
Substandard132342891704335784
Doubtful
Total consumer$35,425$17,737$14,446$5,935$2,775$2,759$11,007$90,084
Total loans
Risk rating
Pass$575,689$342,699$486,101$474,396$236,387$354,624$962,706$2,747$3,435,349
Special mention1,993414181,7181,2955,438
Substandard9,10911,3164,6255,1912,12414,96911,90671259,952
Doubtful7777
Total loans$586,791$354,015$491,140$479,605$238,511$371,388$975,907$3,459$3,500,816

26

The following table discloses the charge-off and recovery activity by loan type and year of origination for the nine month period ending September 30, 2025.

September 30, 202520252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans Amortized CostRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial real estate
Gross charge-offs$(4)$(1)$(241)$(49)$(187)$(482)
Gross recoveries1992545746
Net charge-offs$(4)$(1)$(42)$(47)$358$264
Commercial and industrial
Gross charge-offs$(69)$(198)$(40)$(42)$(1,278)$(53)$(1,680)
Gross recoveries1298883811191699
Net charge-offs$(69)$(186)$58$46$(897)$66$1$(981)
Residential real estate
Gross charge-offs$(1)$(34)$(112)$(2)$(149)
Gross recoveries24630
Net charge-offs$(1)$(34)$(88)$4$(119)
Agricultural real estate
Gross charge-offs$(16)$(40)$(56)
Gross recoveries176885
Net charge-offs$1$28$29
Agricultural
Gross charge-offs$(11)$(15)$(3)$(66)$(95)
Gross recoveries1183554
Net charge-offs$(7)$(3)$(31)$(41)
Consumer
Gross charge-offs$(177)$(154)$(207)$(314)$(88)$(223)$(66)$(1,229)
Gross recoveries6123561209011235
Net charge-offs$(171)$(142)$(172)$(253)$(68)$(133)$(55)$(994)
Total loans
Gross charge-offs$(177)$(238)$(422)$(648)$(179)$(1,906)$(121)$(3,691)
Gross recoveries623553751101,14313611,849
Net charge-offs$(171)$(215)$(367)$(273)$(69)$(763)$15$1$(1,842)

27

The following table discloses the charge-off and recovery activity by loan type and year of origination for the nine month period ending September 30, 2024.

September 30, 202420242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized CostRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial real estate
Gross charge-offs$(17)$(2)$(19)
Gross recoveries8128138
Net charge-offs$(9)$1$28$(1)$19
Commercial and industrial
Gross charge-offs$(31)$(360)$(124)$(194)$(770)$(1,293)$(2,772)
Gross recoveries125132056571272
Net charge-offs$(31)$(235)$(111)$(174)$(714)$(1,236)$1$(2,500)
Residential real estate
Gross charge-offs$(337)$(2)$(21)$(25)$(385)
Gross recoveries136441
Net charge-offs$(337)$(1)$15$(21)$(344)
Agricultural real estate
Gross charge-offs$(11)$(12)$(1)$(24)
Gross recoveries410216
Net charge-offs$4$(1)$(12)$(1)$2$(8)
Agricultural
Gross charge-offs$(2)$(25)$(1)$(28)
Gross recoveries22123
Net charge-offs$(2)$(3)$(5)
Consumer
Gross charge-offs$(133)$(82)$(207)$(158)$(42)$(145)$(47)$(814)
Gross recoveries47194288311174
Net charge-offs$(129)$(75)$(188)$(116)$(34)$(62)$(36)$(640)
Total loans
Gross charge-offs$(133)$(115)$(957)$(297)$(237)$(936)$(1,367)$(4,042)
Gross recoveries871845729205731564
Net charge-offs$(125)$(108)$(773)$(240)$(208)$(731)$(1,294)$1$(3,478)

28

Modifications to Debtors Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2025, and 2024, that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below.

September 30, 2025Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTotal ModificationsTotal Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial real estate$675$199$8740.04%
Commercial and industrial1376848210.09%
Residential real estate0.00%
Agricultural real estate0.00%
Agricultural0.00%
Consumer0.00%
Total$812$883$1,6950.04%
September 30, 2024Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTotal ModificationsTotal Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial real estate$30$443$9,635$10,1080.53%
Commercial and industrial0.00%
Residential real estate0.00%
Agricultural real estate1,0708581,9280.74%
Agricultural1,1757201,8952.12%
Consumer0.00%
Total$30$2,688$11,213$13,9310.39%

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2025, and 2024, that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, by class and by type of modification.

September 30, 2025Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTotal ModificationsTotal Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial real estate$766$608$1,3740.06%
Commercial and industrial1607218810.10%
Residential real estate0.00%
Agricultural real estate0.00%
Agricultural2422420.14%
Consumer0.00%
Total$1,168$1,329$2,4970.06%
September 30, 2024Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTotal ModificationsTotal Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial real estate$947$10,229$11,1760.58%
Commercial and industrial3,6312,0595,6900.85%
Residential real estate0.00%
Agricultural real estate1,4548582,3120.89%
Agricultural1,1757201,8952.12%
Consumer0.00%
Total$3,631$5,635$11,807$21,0730.59%

At September 30, 2025, and 2024, there were $2 and $1,813 in commitments to lend additional amounts on these loans.

At modification date, the Company considers loans modified to borrowers in financial distress as loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated loans at modification date for the purposes of calculating the allowance for credit losses. These loans will be evaluated for credit losses based on either discounted cash flows or the fair value of collateral at modification date; however, subsequent to the modification date these loans will be evaluated for credit losses as part of the collectively evaluated pools after a period of ongoing performance under the terms of the modified loan.

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that have been modified during the twelve months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

29

September 30, 202530 - 59 Days Past Due60 - 89 Days Past DueGreater Than 89 days Past DueTotal Past Due
Commercial real estate$$$289$289
Commercial and industrial4848
Residential real estate
Agricultural real estate
Agricultural242242
Consumer
Total$$242$337$579
September 30, 202430 - 59 Days Past Due60 - 89 Days Past DueGreater Than 89 days Past DueTotal Past Due
Commercial real estate$36$643$$679
Commercial and industrial145145
Residential real estate
Agricultural real estate
Agricultural
Consumer
Total$36$643$145$824

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025Principal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted Average Term Extension in Years
Commercial real estate0.16
Commercial and industrial0.18
Residential real estate
Agricultural real estate
Agricultural
Consumer
Total loans0.18
September 30, 2024Principal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted Average Term Extension in Years
Commercial real estate0.31
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Agricultural real estate6.18
Agricultural0.27
Consumer
Total loans0.77

30

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025Principal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted Average Term Extension in Years
Commercial real estate0.63
Commercial and industrial0.19
Residential real estate
Agricultural real estate
Agricultural
Consumer
Total loans0.39
September 30, 2024Principal ForgivenessWeighted Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted Average Term Extension
Commercial real estate0.31
Commercial and industrial0.84
Residential real estate
Agricultural real estate5.29
Agricultural0.27
Consumer
Total loans0.75

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk from a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancelable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense recognized within other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income and included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The estimated credit loss includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The estimate of expected credit loss is based on the historical loss rate for the class of loan the commitments would be classified as if funded.

The following table lists allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemAllowance for Credit LossesSeptember 30, 2025Allowance for Credit LossesDecember 31, 2024
Commercial real estate$240$188
Commercial and industrial8181,170
Agricultural real estate171
Residential real estate4369
Agricultural12
Consumer192
Total allowance for credit losses$1,137$1,442

NOTE 4 – DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to interest-rate risk primarily from the effect of interest rate changes on its interest-earning assets and its sources of funding these assets. The Company will periodically enter into interest rate swaps or interest rate caps/floors to manage certain interest rate risk exposure.

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Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Fair Value Hedges

The Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps to hedge the fair value of certain commercial real estate loans. These transactions are designated as fair value hedges. In this type of transaction, the Company typically receives from the counterparty a variable-rate cash flow based on the one-month LIBOR or one-month SOFR plus a spread to the index and pays a fixed-rate cash flow equal to the customer loan rate. At September 30, 2025, the portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of 5.14 years, a weighted average pay rate of 4.60% and a weighted average rate received of 7.47%. At December 31, 2024, the portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of 5.9 years, a weighted average pay rate of 4.60% and a weighted average rate received of 7.70%.

Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

The Company has entered into cash flow hedges to hedge future cash flows related to subordinated debt and Federal Home Loan Bank advances interest expense and adjustable rate loans interest income. These agreements are designated as cash flow hedges and are marked to market through other comprehensive income.

The following table lists the cash flow hedges at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Weighted Average Maturity in YearsSeptember 30, 2025Weighted Average Pay RateSeptember 30, 2025Weighted Average Rate ReceivedDecember 31, 2024Weighted Average Maturity in YearsDecember 31, 2024Weighted Average Pay RateDecember 31, 2024Weighted Average Rate Received
Subordinated debt hedges10.02.81%6.38%10.72.81%7.01%
Variable rate FHLB advance hedges0.53.59%4.38%1.23.58%4.42%
Prime based receivable loan hedges
Total cash flow hedges1.13.53%4.52%1.93.54%4.60%

Stand-Alone Derivatives

The Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps with our borrowers and simultaneously enters into swaps with a counterparty with offsetting terms for the purpose of providing our borrowers long-term fixed rate loans, in addition to stand alone interest-rate swaps designed to offset the economic impact of fixed rate loans. Neither swap is designated as a hedge, and both are marked to market through earnings. At September 30, 2025, this portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of 5.42 years, weighted average pay rate of 7.19% and a weighted average rate received of 7.22%. At December 31, 2024, this portfolio of interest rate swaps had a weighted average maturity of 5.6 years, weighted average pay rate of 6.72% and weighted average rate received of 6.85%.

Reconciliation of Derivative Fair Values and Gains/(Losses)

The notional amount of a derivative contract is a factor in determining periodic interest payments or cash flows received or paid. The notional amount of derivatives serves as a level of involvement in various types of derivatives. The notional amount does not represent the Company’s overall exposure to credit or market risk, generally, the exposure is significantly smaller.

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The following table shows the notional balances and fair values (including net accrued interest) of the derivatives outstanding by derivative type at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Notional AmountSeptember 30, 2025Derivative AssetsSeptember 30, 2025Derivative LiabilitiesDecember 31, 2024Notional AmountDecember 31, 2024Derivative AssetsDecember 31, 2024Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps$13,703$1,001$14,503$1,465
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps107,5001,948107,5002,753
Total derivatives designated as hedging relationships121,2032,949122,0034,218
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps188,7072,8972,769143,8313,8373,546
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments188,7072,8972,769143,8313,8373,546
Total
Cash collateral3,5807,270
Netting adjustments(3,595)(3,595)(7,173)(7,173)
Net amount presented in Balance Sheet$2,251$2,754$882$3,643

The table below lists designated and qualifying hedged items in fair value hedges at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Carrying AmountSeptember 30, 2025Hedging Fair Value AdjustmentSeptember 30, 2025Fair Value Adjustments on Discontinued HedgesDecember 31, 2024Carrying AmountDecember 31, 2024Hedging Fair Value AdjustmentDecember 31, 2024Fair Value Adjustments on Discontinued Hedges
Commercial real estate loans$14,474$(1,197)$(365)$14,985$(1,658)$(399)
Total$()$()$()$()

The Company reports hedging derivative gains (losses) as adjustments to loan interest income and loan interest expense along with the related net interest settlements. The non-hedging derivative gains (losses) and related net interest settlements for economic derivatives are reported in other income. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company recorded net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities as shown in the table below.

Line itemThree Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps$5$10$19$16
Total net gain (loss) related to derivatives designated as hedging instruments5101916
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps
Total net gain (loss) related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Total net gains (losses) related to hedging relationships5101916
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Economic hedges:
Interest rate swaps82(114)510105
Total net gains (losses) related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments()
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities$87$(104)$529$121

33

The following tables show the recorded net gains (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company’s net interest income for the three month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025

View SEC source
Line itemGain/(Loss)on DerivativesGain/(Loss)on Hedged ItemsNet Fair Value Hedge Gain/(Loss)Effect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income
Commercial real estate loans$(91)$96$5$113
Total$(91)$96$5$113

September 30, 2024

View SEC source
Line itemGain/(Loss)on DerivativesGain/(Loss)on Hedged ItemsNet Fair Value Hedge Gain/(Loss)Effect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income
Commercial real estate loans$(447)$457$10$246
Total$(447)$457$10$246

The following tables show the recorded net gains (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company’s net interest income for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025

View SEC source
Line itemGain/(Loss)on DerivativesGain/(Loss)on Hedged ItemsNet Fair Value Hedge Gain/(Loss)Effect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income
Commercial real estate loans$(409)$428$19$341
Total$(409)$428$19$341

September 30, 2024

View SEC source
Line itemGain/(Loss)on DerivativesGain/(Loss)on Hedged ItemsNet Fair Value Hedge Gain/(Loss)Effect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income
Commercial real estate loans$(335)$351$16$478
Total$(335)$351$16$478

The following tables show the recorded net gains or (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in cash flow hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company's net interest income for the three month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

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September 30, 2025

View SEC source
Prime based loan receivable hedgesGain/(Loss)on Derivatives$Gain/(Loss)on DerivativesGain/(Loss)Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income$Gain/(Loss)Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeEffect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income$Effect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income
FHLB advance hedges(162)(122)188
Subordinated note hedges(67)(51)67
Total$()$(173)$255
September 30, 2024
Gain/(Loss)onDerivativesGain/(Loss)Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeEffect ofDerivatives onNet InterestIncome
Prime based loan receivable hedges$$$
FHLB advance hedges(1,740)(1,323)430
Subordinated note hedges(373)(277)86
Total$()$(1,600)$516

The following tables show the recorded net gains or (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in cash flow hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Company's net interest income for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

September 30, 2025

View SEC source
Prime based loan receivable hedgesGain/(Loss)on Derivatives$Gain/(Loss)on DerivativesGain/(Loss)Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income$Gain/(Loss)Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeEffect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income$Effect of Derivatives on Net Interest Income
FHLB advance hedges(464)(353)559
Subordinated note hedges(333)(243)202
Total$()$(596)$761
September 30, 2024
Gain/(Loss)onDerivativesGain/(Loss)Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeEffect ofDerivatives onNet InterestIncome
Prime based loan receivable hedges$1,159$876$(1,267)
FHLB advance hedges(771)(582)1,304
Subordinated note hedges(177)(131)261
Total$163$298

NOTE 5 – OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED AND OTHER REPOSSESSED ASSETS Changes in other real estate owned and other repossessed assets for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows.

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September 30, 2025Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Beginning of period
Transfers in
Net (loss) gain on sales()()
Proceeds from sales()()()
Additions to valuation reserve()()
Capitalized cost
Recorded investment
September 30, 2024Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Beginning of period
Transfers in
Net (loss) gain on sales()
Proceeds from sales()()()
Additions to valuation reserve()()
Capitalized cost
Recorded investment

Changes in other real estate owned and other repossessed assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows.

September 30, 2025Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Beginning of period
Transfers in
Net (loss) gain on sales()()
Proceeds from sales()()()
Additions to valuation reserve()()
Capitalized cost
Recorded investment
September 30, 2024Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Beginning of period
Transfers in
Net (loss) gain on sales()
Proceeds from sales()()()
Additions to valuation reserve()()
Capitalized cost
Recorded investment

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Expenses related to other real estate owned and other repossessed assets for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows.

September 30, 2025Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Net loss (gain) on sales$()
Gain on initial valuation of collateral
Provision for unrealized losses
Operating expenses, net of rental income
Total
September 30, 2024Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Net loss (gain) on sales$()$()
Gain on initial valuation of collateral()()
Provision for unrealized losses
Operating expenses, net of rental income
Total$()$()

Expenses related to other real estate owned and other repossessed assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows.

September 30, 2025Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Net loss (gain) on sales$()
Gain on initial valuation of collateral
Provision for unrealized losses
Operating expenses, net of rental income
Total
September 30, 2024Other Real Estate OwnedOther Repossessed AssetsTotal
Net loss (gain) on sales$()$()
Gain on initial valuation of collateral()()
Provision for unrealized losses
Operating expenses, net of rental income
Total$()$()

The balance of other real estate owned includes $782 of foreclosed residential real estate properties recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property at September 30, 2025, and $134 at December 31, 2024. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $576 at September 30, 2025, and $553 at December 31, 2024. At September 30, 2025 and December 31 ,2024, included in the other real estate owned balance is $2,141 related to closed bank locations transferred from premises and equipment.

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NOTE 6 – LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Right-of-use asset and lease obligations by type of property for the periods ended September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are listed below.

September 30, 2025Right-of-Use AssetLease LiabilityWeighted Average Lease Termin YearsWeighted Average Discount Rate
Operating Leases
Land and building leases$3,470$3,47212.63.29%
Total operating leases12.6%
December 31, 2024Right-of-Use AssetLease LiabilityWeighted Average Lease Termin YearsWeighted Average Discount Rate
Operating Leases
Land and building leases$3,600$3,60112.53.29%
Total operating leases12.5%

Operating lease costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, are listed below.

Line itemThree Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024
Operating lease cost$139$164$457$439
Short-term lease cost
Variable lease cost
Total operating lease cost

There were no sale and leaseback transactions, leverage leases, lease transactions with related parties or leases that had not yet commenced during the three or nine month periods ended September 30, 2025.

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total operating lease liability is listed below.

Lease PaymentsSeptember 30,2025
Due in one year or less$535
Due after one year through two years544
Due after two years through three years452
Due after three years through four years378
Due after four years through five years285
Thereafter2,094
Total undiscounted cash flows
Discount on cash flows(816)
Total operating lease liability

NOTE 7 – BORROWINGS

Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements

Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are listed below.

Federal funds purchasedSeptember 30,2025December 31,2024
Retail repurchase agreements42,22037,246

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Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (retail repurchase agreements) consist of obligations of the Company to other parties. The obligations are secured by residential mortgage-backed securities held by the Company with a fair value of $43,548 and $45,249 at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The agreements are on a day-to-day basis and can be terminated on demand.

The following table presents the borrowing usage and interest rate information for federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30,2025December 31,2024
Average daily balance during the period$40,472$39,791
Average interest rate during the period1.86%1.89%
Maximum month-end balance year-to-date$42,220$47,312
Weighted average interest rate at period-end1.51%1.74%

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

Federal Home Loan Bank advances include both draws against the Company’s line of credit and fixed rate term advances. Federal Home Loan Bank advances as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are as follows.

Line itemSeptember 30,2025Weighted Average RateDecember 31,2024Weighted Average Rate
Federal Home Loan Bank line of credit advances$241,3784.33%$78,0734.57%
Federal Home Loan Bank fixed-rate term advances100,0004.28%100,0004.50%
Total Federal Home Loan Bank advances4.32%4.53%

At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company had un-disbursed advance commitments (letters of credit) with the Federal Home Loan Bank of $75,605 and $118,326. These letters of credit were obtained in lieu of pledging securities to secure public fund deposits that are over the FDIC insurance limit.

The advances, Mortgage Partnership Finance credit enhancement obligations and letters of credit were collateralized by certain qualifying loans of $793,999 at September 30, 2025, and qualifying loans of $885,128 and securities of $79,417 for a total of $964,545 at December 31, 2024. Based on this collateral and the Company’s holdings of Federal Home Loan Bank stock, the Company was eligible to borrow an additional $376,112 and $667,092 at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Federal Reserve Bank borrowings

At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company had a borrowing capacity of $709,618 and $648,183, for which the Company has pledged loans with an outstanding balance of $892,086 at September 30, 2025 and pledged loans with an outstanding balance of $852,957 and securities with a fair value of $9,070 at December 31, 2024. The Company had no outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2025.

Bank stock loan

The Company entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated financial institution and is secured by the Company’s stock in Equity Bank. The loan was renewed on February 10, 2023, with a new maturity date of February 10, 2024. With this renewal, the maximum borrowing amount remained at . Each note will bear interest at the greater of a variable interest rate equal to the prime rate published in the “Money Rates” section of The Wall Street Journal (or any generally recognized successor), floating daily, or a floor of 3.25%. Accrued interest and principal payments will be due quarterly with one final payment of unpaid principal and interest due at the end of the five-year term of each separate note. The Company is also required to pay an unused commitment fee in an amount equal to 20 basis points per annum on the unused portion of the maximum borrowing facility due on the maturity date of the renewal.

The loan was renewed and amended on February 10, 2024, with the same terms as the previous renewal and a new maturity date of February 10, 2025.

The loan was renewed and amended on February 10, 2025, with the same terms as the previous renewal and a new maturity date of February 10, 2026.

There were no outstanding principal balances on the bank stock loan at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

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The terms of the borrowing facility require the Company and Equity Bank to maintain minimum capital ratios and other covenants. In the event of default, the lender has the option to declare all outstanding balances immediately due. The Company believes it is in compliance with the terms of the borrowing facility and has not been otherwise notified of noncompliance.

Subordinated debt

Subordinated debt as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are listed below.

Line itemSeptember 30,2025December 31,2024
Subordinated debentures$24,216$23,946
Subordinated notes73,95873,531
Total

Subordinated debentures

In conjunction with prior acquisitions, the Company assumed certain subordinated debentures owed to special purpose unconsolidated subsidiaries that are controlled by the Company. These subordinated debentures have the same terms as the trust preferred securities issued by the special purpose unconsolidated subsidiaries.

FCB Capital Trust II (“CTII”): The trust preferred securities issued by CTII were initially issued to accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 2.00%; however on July 12, 2023, after the LIBOR transition it will now accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month CME term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26% plus 2.00 % on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on April 15, 2035, or upon earlier redemption.

FCB Capital Trust III (“CTIII”): The trust preferred securities issued by CTIII were initially issued to accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.89%; however on September 15, 2023, after the LIBOR transition it will now accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month CME term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26% plus 1.89% on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on June 15, 2037, or upon earlier redemption.

Community First (AR) Statutory Trust I (“CFSTI”): The trust preferred securities issued by CFSTI were initially issued to accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 3.25%; however on September 26, 2023, after the LIBOR transition it will now accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month CME term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26% plus 3.25% on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on December 26, 2032, or upon earlier redemption.

American State Bank Statutory Trust I (“ASBSTI”): The trust preferred securities issued by ASBSTI were initially issued to accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month LIBOR plus 1.80%; however on September 15, 2023, after the LIBOR transition it will now accrue and pay distributions quarterly at three-month CME term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26% plus 1.80% on the stated liquidation amount of the trust preferred securities. These trust preferred securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on September 15, 2035, or upon earlier redemption.

Subordinated debentures as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are listed below.

Line itemSeptember 30,2025Weighted Average RateWeighted Average Term in Years
CTII subordinated debentures$10,3106.58%9.5
CTIII subordinated debentures5,1556.19%11.7
CFSTI subordinated debentures5,1557.51%7.2
ASBSTI subordinated debentures7,7326.10%10.0
Total contractual balance28,352
Fair market value adjustments(4,136)
Total subordinated debentures$24,216

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Line itemDecember 31,2024Weighted Average RateWeighted Average Term in Years
CTII subordinated debentures$10,3106.92%10.3
CTIII subordinated debentures5,1556.51%12.5
CFSTI subordinated debentures5,1557.84%8.0
ASBSTI subordinated debentures7,7326.42%10.7
Total contractual balance28,352
Fair market value adjustments(4,406)
Total subordinated debentures$23,946

Subordinated notes

On June 29, 2020, the Company entered into Subordinated Note Purchase Agreements with certain qualified institutional buyers and institutional accredited investors pursuant to which the Company issued and sold $42,000 in aggregate principal amount of its 7.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated notes due 2030. The notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of June 29, 2020 (the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and UMB Bank, N.A., as trustee. The notes will mature on June 30, 2030. From June 29, 2020, through June 29, 2025, the Company will pay interest on the notes semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30 of each year, commencing on December 30, 2020, at a fixed interest rate of 7.00%. Beginning June 30, 2025, the notes convert to a floating interest rate, to be reset quarterly, equal to the then-current Three-Month Term SOFR, as defined in the Indenture, plus 688 basis points. Interest payments during the floating-rate period will be paid quarterly in arrears on March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30 of each year, commencing on September 30, 2025. On July 23, 2020, the Company closed on an additional $33,000 of subordinated notes with the same terms as the June 29, 2020 issue.

On June 30, 2025 the Company executed an early redemption on the subordinated note above. The Company realized a loss of $1,361 from the write off of debt issue costs from the debt extinguishment.

On July 17, 2025, the Company entered into new Subordinated Note Purchase Agreements with certain qualified institutional buyers and institutional accredited investors pursuant to which the Company issued and sold $75,000 in aggregate principal amount of its 7.125% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated notes due 2035. The notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of June 17, 2025 (the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and UMB Bank, N.A., as trustee. The notes will mature on August 1, 2035. From July 17, 2025, through August 1, 2030, the Company will pay interest on the notes semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing on February 1, 2026, at a fixed interest rate of 7.125%. Beginning August 1, 2030 the notes convert to a floating interest rate, to be reset quarterly, equal to the then-current Three-Month Term SOFR, as defined in the Indenture, plus 349 basis points for each quarterly interest period during the floating rate period. Interest payments during the floating-rate period will be paid quarterly in arrears on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing on November 1, 2030.

Subordinated notes as of September 30, 2025, are listed below.

Line itemSeptember 30,2025Weighted Average RateWeighted Average Term in Years
Subordinated notes$75,0007.13%9.9
Total principal outstanding75,000
Debt issuance cost(1,042)
Total subordinated notes$73,958

Subordinated notes as of December 31, 2024, are listed below.

Line itemDecember 31,2024Weighted Average RateWeighted Average Term in Years
Subordinated notes$75,0007.00%5.5
Total principal outstanding75,000
Debt issuance cost(1,469)
Total subordinated notes$73,531

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Future principal repayments

Future principal repayments of the September 30, 2025 outstanding balances are as follows.

Line itemRetail Repurchase AgreementsFHLB AdvancesSubordinated DebenturesSubordinated NotesTotal
Due in one year or less$42,220$341,378
Due after one year through two years
Due after two years through three years
Due after three years through four years
Due after four years through five years
Thereafter28,35275,000
Total$42,220$341,378$28,352$75,000$486,950

NOTE 8 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock

The Company’s articles of incorporation provide for the issuance of shares of preferred stock. At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there was preferred stock outstanding.

Common stock

The Company’s articles of incorporation provide for the issuance of 45,000,000 shares of Class A voting common stock (“Class A common stock”) and 5,000,000 shares of Class B non-voting common stock (“Class B common stock”), both of which have a par value of $0.01 per share.

The following table presents shares that were issued, held in treasury or were outstanding at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30,2025December 31,2024
Class A common stock – issued24,682,65122,807,163
Class A common stock – held in treasury(5,562,769)(5,379,537)
Class A common stock – outstanding19,119,88217,427,626
Class B common stock – issued234,903234,903
Class B common stock – held in treasury(234,903)(234,903)
Class B common stock – outstanding

Treasury stock is stated at cost, determined by the first-in first-out method.

In 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Equity Bancshares, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP enables eligible employees to purchase the Company’s common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or end of each offering period. ESPP compensation expense of $36 and $121 was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. ESPP compensation expense of $25 and $94 was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The following table presents the offering periods and costs associated with this program during the reporting period.

Offering PeriodShares PurchasedCost Per ShareCompensation Expense
August 15, 2023 to February 14, 202416,88421.7965
February 15, 2024 to August 14, 202412,58128.5263
August 15, 2024 to February 14, 202513,92132.0579
February 15, 2025 to August 14, 202512,94033.6977

In July of 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock, from time to time, beginning on October 1, 2023, and concluding on September 30, 2024. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares, and it may be extended, modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Under this program, during the years ended December 2023 and

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2024, the Company repurchased a total of 362,573 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $32.71 per share. At September 30, 2024, there are 637,427 shares remaining under the program that expired on September 30, 2024.

In September of 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase plan for up to 1,000,000 shares of outstanding common stock beginning on October 1, 2024, and concluding on September 30, 2025. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares, and it may be extended, modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Non-objection from the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City related to this repurchase plan was received October 7, 2024. Under this program, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased a total of 175,732 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock at an average price paid of $37.14 per share. At September 30, 2025, there are 816,768 shares remaining for repurchase under the program that expired on September 30, 2025.

In September of 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase plan for up to 1,000,000 shares of outstanding common stock beginning on October 1, 2025, and concluding on September 30, 2026. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares, and it may be extended, modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Non-objection from the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City related to this repurchase plan was received September 23, 2025.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of (i) the after-tax effect of unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities and (ii) unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges.

Components of accumulated other comprehensive income as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are listed below.

September 30, 2025Available-for-Sale SecuritiesCash Flow HedgesAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net unrealized or unamortized gains (losses)$4,934$1,276$6,210
Tax effect(1,193)(297)(1,490)
$3,741$979
December 31, 2024
Net unrealized or unamortized gains (losses)$(74,797)$2,073$(72,724)
Tax effect18,041(498)17,543
$(56,756)$1,575$()

NOTE 9 – REGULATORY MATTERS

Banks and bank holding companies (on a consolidated basis) are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. The Basel III rules require banks to maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%, a total Tier 1 capital ratio of 8%, a total capital ratio of 10% and a leverage ratio of 5% to be deemed “well capitalized” for purposes of certain rules and prompt corrective action requirements. The risk-based ratios include a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% which can limit certain activities of an institution, including payment of dividends, share repurchases and discretionary bonuses to executive officers, if its capital level is below the buffer amount. Management believes as of September 30, 2025, the Company and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as are asset growth and acquisitions, and capital restoration plans are required.

As of September 30, 2025, the most recent notifications from the federal regulatory agencies categorized Equity Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, Equity Bank

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must maintain minimum regulatory capital ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed Equity Bank’s category.

The Company’s and Equity Bank’s capital amounts and ratios at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are presented in the table below. Ratios provided for Equity Bancshares, Inc. represent the ratios of the Company on a consolidated basis.

September 30, 2025ActualAmountActualRatioMinimum Required for Capital Adequacy Under Basel IIIAmountMinimum Required for Capital Adequacy Under Basel IIIRatioTo Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective ProvisionsAmountTo Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective ProvisionsRatio
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.$755,61316.09%$493,161$10.50%N/AN/A
Equity Bank669,72314.28%492,34710.50%468,90210.00%
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.627,24913.35%399,2258.50%N/AN/A
Equity Bank615,31713.12%398,5678.50%375,1228.00%
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.603,03312.84%328,7747.00%N/AN/A
Equity Bank615,31713.12%328,2317.00%304,7866.50%
Tier 1 leverage to average assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.627,24910.41%241,0124.00%N/AN/A
Equity Bank615,31710.27%239,6544.00%299,5675.00%
December 31, 2024
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.$720,73618.07%$418,716$10.50%N/AN/A
Equity Bank607,57915.27%417,72210.50%397,83010.00%
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.602,49615.11%338,9618.50%N/AN/A
Equity Bank562,87014.15%338,1568.50%318,2648.00%
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.578,55014.51%279,1447.00%N/AN/A
Equity Bank562,87014.15%278,4817.00%258,5906.50%
Tier 1 leverage to average assets
Equity Bancshares, Inc.602,49611.67%206,4424.00%N/AN/A
Equity Bank562,87010.93%206,0004.00%257,5005.00%

Equity Bank is subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that it may declare without prior regulatory approval.

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NOTE 10 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table presents earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 2025, and 2024.

Line itemThree Months EndedSeptember 30,2025Three Months EndedSeptember 30,2024Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,2025Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,2024
Basic:
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders$()
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Weighted average vested restricted stock units
Weighted average shares
Basic earnings (loss) per common share$()
Diluted:
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders$(29,663)$19,851$642$45,635
Weighted average common shares outstanding for:
Basic earnings per common share
Dilutive effects of the assumed exercise of stock options77,19256,23463,709
Dilutive effects of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units114,19792,42492,086
Dilutive effects of the assumed exercise of ESPP purchases1,3341,3701,247
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share$()

Below are the dilutive shares not included above due to the net loss in the period.

Line itemThree Months EndedSeptember 30,2025Three Months EndedSeptember 30,2024Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,2025Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,2024
Dilutive effects of the assumed exercise of stock options59,583
Dilutive effects of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units108,114
Dilutive effects of the assumed exercise of ESPP purchases960
Total dilutive shares168,657

Average shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive are shown in the following table as of September 30, 2025, and 2024.

Line itemThree Months EndedSeptember 30,2025Three Months EndedSeptember 30,2024Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,2025Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,2024
Stock options222,809288,583230,594152,824
Restricted stock units38,13614870,1944,916
Total antidilutive shares

NOTE 11 – FAIR VALUE

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market

45

participants on the measurement date. For disclosure purposes, the Company groups its financial and non-financial assets and liabilities into three different levels based on the nature of the instrument and the availability and reliability of the information that is used to determine fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values are defined as follows.

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Level 1 inputs are considered to be the most transparent and reliable. The Company assumes the use of the principal market to conduct a transaction of each particular asset or liability being measured and then considers the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Whenever possible, the Company first looks for quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (Level 1 inputs) to value each asset or liability. However, when inputs from identical assets or liabilities on active markets are not available, the Company utilizes market observable data for similar assets and liabilities. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and limits the use of unobservable inputs to occasions when observable inputs are not available. The need to use unobservable inputs generally results from the lack of market liquidity of the actual financial instrument or of the underlying collateral. Although, in some instances, third party price indications may be available, limited trading activity can challenge the implied value of those quotations.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of each instrument under the hierarchy.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The fair values of securities available-for-sale and equity securities with readily determinable fair value are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. To the extent possible, observable quoted prices in an active market are used to determine fair value and, as such, these securities are classified as Level 1. For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities, generally determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). The Company’s available-for-sale securities, including U.S. Government sponsored entity securities, residential mortgage-backed securities (all of which are issued or guaranteed by government sponsored agencies), private-label residential mortgage-backed securities, corporate securities, Small Business Administration securities, and State and Political Subdivision securities are classified as Level 2.

The fair values of derivatives are determined based on a valuation pricing model using readily available observable market parameters such as interest rate yield curves (Level 2 inputs) adjusted for credit risk attributable to the seller of the interest rate derivative. Cash collateral received from or delivered to a derivative counterparty is classified as Level 1.

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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized in the following tables as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

  • (Level 1)
  • (Level 2)
  • (Level 3)_

September 30, 2025 · Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3

View SEC source
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$—$29,060
U.S. Treasury securities43,281
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities639,453
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities4,458
Corporate82,905
Small Business Administration loan pools83,291
State and political subdivisions21,410
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets (included in other assets)5,846
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments(3,595)
Total derivative assets(3,595)5,846
Other assets:
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value1,042
Total other assets1,042
Total assets$⁠40,728$866,423
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities)$—$2,769
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments(15)
Total derivative liabilities(15)2,769
Total liabilities$⁠(15)$2,769

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  • (Level 1)
  • (Level 2)
  • (Level 3)_

December 31, 2024 · Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3

View SEC source
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$—$65,094
U.S. Treasury securities86,563
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage- backed securities565,510
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities124,664
Corporate58,652
Small Business Administration loan pools29,928
State and political subdivisions74,044
Derivative assets:
Derivative assets (included in other assets)8,055
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments(7,173)
Total derivative assets(7,173)8,055
Other assets:
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value1,031
Total other assets1,031
Total assets$⁠80,421$925,947
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities)$—$3,546
Cash collateral held by counterparty and netting adjustments97
Total derivative liabilities973,546
Total liabilities$⁠97$3,546

There were no material transfers between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, or the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into or out of a level as of the end of a reporting period.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when there is evidence of loans individually assessed for credit losses. The fair value of loans individually assessed for credit losses with specific allowance for credit losses are generally based on recent real estate appraisals of the collateral. Declines in the fair values of other real estate owned, subsequent to their initial acquisitions, are also based on recent real estate appraisals less estimated selling costs.

Real estate appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments made to real estate appraisals and other loan valuations are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

  • (Level 1)
  • (Level 2)
  • (Level 3)_

September 30, 2025 · Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3

View SEC source
Loans individually evaluated for credit losses:
Commercial real estate$10,725
Commercial and industrial3,493
Residential real estate3,135
Agricultural real estate952
Other1,025
Other real estate owned:
Commercial real estate2,173
Residential real estate25

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  • (Level 1)
  • (Level 2)
  • (Level 3)_

December 31, 2024 · Level 1 · Level 2 · Level 3

View SEC source
Loans individually evaluated for credit losses:
Commercial real estate$3,375
Commercial and industrial6,316
Residential real estate3,525
Agricultural real estate3,040
Other1,113
Other real estate owned:
Commercial real estate2,173
Residential real estate25

The Company did not record any liabilities for which the fair value was measured on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2025, or December 31, 2024.

Valuations of individually evaluated loans and other real estate owned utilize third party appraisals or broker price opinions and were classified as Level 3 due to the significant judgment involved. Appraisals may include the utilization of unobservable inputs, subjective factors and utilize quantitative data to estimate fair market value.

The following table presents additional information about the unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of financial assets measured on a nonrecurring basis that were categorized with Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange(weighted average) or Multiple of Earnings
Individually evaluated real estate loans$19,330SalesComparisonApproachAdjustments fordifferences betweencomparable sales9% - 30% (20%)
Individually evaluated other real estate owned$2,198SalesComparisonApproachAdjustments fordifferences betweencomparable sales4% - 15% (9%)
December 31, 2024
Individually evaluated real estate loans$17,369SalesComparisonApproachAdjustments fordifferences betweencomparable sales5% - 44% (24%)
Individually evaluated other real estate owned$2,198SalesComparisonApproachAdjustments fordifferences betweencomparable sales3% - 13% (8%)

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Carrying amount and estimated fair values of financial instruments at period end were as follows for September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025

View SEC source
Line itemCarrying Amount(Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$699,410
Available-for-sale securities903,858
Held-to-maturity securities5,243
Loans held for sale617
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses4,215,1184,192,924
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock33,713
Interest receivable34,751
Derivative assets5,846
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty and netting adjustments(3,595)
Total derivative assets2,251
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value1,042
Total assets$5,896,003$⁠⁠⁠4,192,924
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$5,094,769
Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements42,220
Federal Home Loan Bank advances341,378
Subordinated debentures24,216
Subordinated notes73,958
Contractual obligations16,664
Interest payable6,807
Derivative liabilities2,769
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty and netting adjustments(15)
Total derivative liabilities2,754
Total liabilities$5,602,766

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December 31, 2024

View SEC source
Line itemCarrying Amount(Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$383,747
Available-for-sale securities1,004,455
Held-to-maturity securities5,217
Loans held for sale513
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses3,457,5493,405,767
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock27,875
Interest receivable28,913
Derivative assets8,055
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty and netting adjustments(7,173)
Total derivative assets882
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value1,031
Total assets$4,910,182$⁠⁠⁠3,405,767
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$4,374,789
Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements37,246
Federal Home Loan Bank advances178,073
Subordinated debentures23,946
Subordinated notes73,531
Contractual obligations12,067
Interest payable5,032
Derivative liabilities3,546
Cash collateral held by derivative counterparty and netting adjustments97
Total derivative liabilities3,643
Total liabilities$4,708,327

The fair value of off-balance-sheet items is not considered material.

NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK

The Company extends credit for commercial real estate mortgages, residential mortgages, working capital financing and loans to businesses and consumers.

Commitments to Originate Loans and Available Lines of Credit

Commitments to originate loans and available lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments and lines of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments and lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment and lines of credit amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate. Mortgage loans in the process of origination represent amounts that the Company plans to fund within a normal period of 60 to 90 days, and which are intended for sale to investors in the secondary market.

The contractual amounts of commitments to originate loans and available lines of credit as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, were as follows.

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Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Fixed RateSeptember 30, 2025Variable RateDecember 31, 2024Fixed RateDecember 31, 2024Variable Rate
Commitments to make loans$39,584$313,401$28,758$389,370
Mortgage loans in the process of origination3,0153,8791,3452,252
Unused lines of credit165,133419,748162,753377,091

At September 30, 2025, the fixed rate loan commitments have interest rates ranging from 3.95% to 9.75% and maturities ranging from 1 month to 69 months.

Standby Letters of Credit

Standby letters of credit are irrevocable commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to .a third party once specified pre-conditions are met. Financial standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Performance standby letters of credit are issued to guarantee performance of certain customers under non-financial contractual obligations. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

The contractual amounts of standby letters of credit as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, were as follows.

Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Fixed RateSeptember 30, 2025Variable RateDecember 31, 2024Fixed RateDecember 31, 2024Variable Rate
Standby letters of credit$15,816$31,961$15,081$27,715

NOTE 13 – LEGAL MATTERS

The Company is party to various matters of litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company periodically reviews all outstanding pending or threatened legal proceedings and determines if such matters will have an adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. A loss contingency is recorded when the outcome is probable and reasonably able to be estimated. Any loss contingency described below has been identified by the Company as reasonably possible to result in an unfavorable outcome for the Company or the Bank.

Equity Bank is party to a lawsuit filed on January 28, 2022, in the Sedgwick County Kansas District Court on behalf of one of our customers, alleging improperly collected overdraft fees. The plaintiff seeks to have the case certified as a class action. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit, and it intends to vigorously defend against the claim asserted. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the loss amount of this litigation.

Equity Bank is party to a lawsuit filed on February 2, 2022, in Jackson County, Missouri District Court against the Bank on behalf of one of our Missouri customers alleging improperly collected overdraft fees. The plaintiff seeks to have the case certified as a class action. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit, and it intends to vigorously defend against the claims now asserted. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the loss amount of this litigation.

Equity Bank is party to a lawsuit filed on February 28, 2023, in Saline County, Missouri District Court against the Bank on behalf of one of our Missouri customers alleging improperly collected overdraft fees. The plaintiff seeks to have the case certified as a class action. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit, and it intends to vigorously defend against the claims now asserted. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the loss amount of this litigation.

NOTE 14 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

The majority of the Company’s revenues come from interest income on financial instruments, including loans, leases, securities and derivatives, which are outside the scope of ASC 606. The Company’s services that fall within the scope of ASC 606 are presented with non-interest income and are recognized as revenue as the Company satisfies its obligation to the customer. Services within the scope of ASC 606 include service charges and fees on deposits, debit card income, investment referral income, insurance sales commissions and other non-interest income related to loans and deposits.

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Except for gains or losses from the sale of other real estate owned, all of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 are recognized in non-interest income. The following table presents the Company’s sources of non-interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

Line itemThree Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees$2,522$2,424$6,763$7,534
Debit card income2,9532,6658,5097,733
Mortgage banking(a)
Increase in bank-owned life insurance(a)1,3931,3446,3073,083
Net gain (loss) on acquisitions(a)8312,131
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions(a)(53,352)206(53,328)222
Other
Investment referral income
Trust income
Insurance sales commissions
Recovery on zero-basis purchased loans(a)3564,378
Income (loss) from equity method investments(a)(87)
Other non-interest income related to loans and deposits
Other non-interest income not related to loans and deposits(a)11293(496)
Total other non-interest income1,9431,5605,8098,583
Total$(44,479)$9,317$(25,560)$30,006
(a) Not within the scope of ASC 606.

NOTE 15 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND BRANCH SALES

At close of business on July 2, 2025, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of NBC Corp. of Oklahoma ("NBC"). NBC is the parent company of NBC Oklahoma, which has seven branch locations in Oklahoma City, Altus, Kingfisher and Enid, as well as a loan production office in Alva. Results of operations of NBC were included in the Company's results of operations beginning of July 2, 2025. Acquisition-related costs associated with this acquisition were $6,490 ($5,127 on an after-tax basis) and are included in merger expense in the Company's income statement for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Information necessary to recognize the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is currently still ongoing. The acquisition was an expansion of the Company's current footprint in Oklahoma with the addition of seven branch locations throughout the state.

The following table summarizes the amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed by NBC on July 2, 2025.

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Fair value of consideration:
Cash$15,267
Common Stock68,863
$84,130
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and
liabilities assumed:
Cash and due from banks$165,698
Interest bearing time deposits in other banks566
Available-for-sale securities17,038
Loans661,513
Premises and equipment12,939
Bank-owned life insurance11,860
Core deposit intangible11,168
Other assets14,440
Total assets acquired895,222
Deposits806,007
Federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements3,534
Federal Home Loan Advances4,542
Interest payable and other liabilities21,482
Total liabilities assumed835,565
Total identifiable net assets59,657
Goodwill24,473
$84,130

The following tables reconcile the par value of NBC loan portfolio as of the purchase date to the fair value indicated in the table above. For non-purchase credit deteriorated assets, the entire fair value adjustment including both interest and credit related components is recorded as an adjustment to par (“Fair Value Marks”) and reflected as an adjustment to the carrying value of that asset within the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Following purchase, an ACL is also established for these non-purchase credit deteriorated assets which is not reflected in this table as it is accounted for outside of the business combination. For purchase-credit deteriorated assets, as required by CECL, the fair value mark is divided between an adjustment to par and an addition to the ACL. The addition to ACL is based on the application of management’s CECL methodology to the individual loans.

Non-Purchase Credit Deteriorated LoansLoan Par ValueFair Value MarksPurchase Price
Commercial real estate$324,056$(7,624)$316,432
Commercial and industrial189,320(1,901)187,419
Residential real estate26,033(652)25,381
Agricultural real estate37,279(1,012)36,267
Agricultural67,071(118)66,953
Consumer3,761(25)3,736
Total non-PCD loans$647,520$(11,332)$636,188

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Purchase Credit Deteriorated LoansLoan Par ValueDiscounts from Other Factors Excluding ACLCredit Marksin ACLPurchase Price
Commercial real estate$18,305$(2,088)$(1,857)$14,360
Commercial and industrial2,951(832)(212)1,907
Residential real estate292(40)(25)227
Agricultural real estate4,739(663)(408)3,668
Agricultural6,521(784)(574)5,163
Total PCD loans$32,808$(4,407)$(3,076)$25,325
Total Purchased LoansPurchase Price
Non-Purchase Credit Deteriorated Loans$636,188
Purchase Credit Deteriorated Loans25,325
Total loans$661,513

Assuming the NBC acquisition would have taken place on January 1, 2024, total combined revenue would have been $156,259 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $224,984 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Net income would have been $(6,365) at September 30, 2025, and $67,082 at December 31, 2024. The pro forma amounts disclosed exclude merger expense from non-interest expense, which is considered a non-recurring adjustment. Separate revenue and earnings of the former NBC locations are not available following the acquisition.

NOTE 16 – SEGMENT REPORTING

Equity Bancshares, Inc. is a financial holding company, whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Equity Bank (“Equity Bank”). As a community-oriented financial institution, substantially all of the Company’s operations involve the delivery of loan and deposit products to customers. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of these banking operations, which constitute the Company’s only operating segment for financial reporting purposes.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker is comprised of the executive leadership team. For Equity Bancshares Inc., the executive leadership team uses gross profit and profit or loss from operations before interest and income taxes to allocate resources for in the annual budget and forecasting process. The chief operating decision maker considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis for profit measures when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the operating segment. For Equity Bank, the executive leadership team uses net-interest income and non-interest income to allocate resources (including employees, financial, or capital resources) to that segment in the annual budget and forecasting process and uses that measure as a basis for evaluating lending terms for customer loans.

The following tables present information about reported segment revenue, measures of a segment’s profit or loss, significant segment expenses, and measure of a segment’s assets for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024. The Company does not allocate all holding company expenses, income taxes or unusual items to the reportable segment. The following tables present the reconciliations of reportable segment revenues and measures of profit or loss and line item reconciliation to the Company’s consolidated financial statement totals.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025Equity BankUnallocated Holding · CompanyAmountsEliminationsTotal
Interest and dividend income$177
Interest expense5,373
Net interest income(5,196)
Provision (reversal) for credit losses
Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses(5,196)
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees
Debit card income
Mortgage banking
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions()()
Other13,241(13,239)
Total non-interest income()13,241(13,239)()
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits143
Net occupancy and equipment
Data processing9
Professional fees717
Advertising and business development
Telecommunications
FDIC insurance
Courier and postage
Free nationwide ATM cost
Amortization of core deposit intangibles
Loan expense
Other real estate owned8
Loss on debt extinguishment1,361
Merger expenses1,587
Other(537)
Intersegment service charges()1,125
Total non-interest expense4,413
Income (loss) before income tax3,632(13,239)()
Provision (benefit) for income taxes()1,757()
Total segment profit/(loss)$1,875$(13,239)
(a) Elimination of equity in earnings of subsidiary

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Equity BankUnallocated Holding · CompanyAmountsEliminationsTotal
Interest and dividend income$437
Interest expense5,771
Net interest income(5,334)
Provision (reversal) for credit losses
Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses(5,334)
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees
Debit card income
Mortgage banking
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance
Net gain on acquisition and branch sales
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions()294
Other42,825(42,825)
Total non-interest income43,119(42,825)
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits126
Net occupancy and equipment
Data processing
Professional fees509
Advertising and business development1
Telecommunications
FDIC insurance
Courier and postage
Free nationwide ATM cost
Amortization of core deposit intangibles
Loan expense
Other real estate owned(8,496)()
Merger expenses568
Other(147)
Intersegment service charges()1,065
Total non-interest expense(6,374)
Income (loss) before income tax44,159(42,825)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes(2,206)
Total segment profit/(loss)$46,365$(42,825)
(a) Elimination of equity in earnings of subsidiary

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2025Equity BankUnallocated Holding · CompanyAmountsEliminationsTotal
Interest and dividend income$58
Interest expense1,635
Net interest income(1,577)
Provision (reversal) for credit losses
Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses(1,577)
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees
Debit card income
Mortgage banking
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions()()
Other(22,634)22,636
Total non-interest income()(22,634)22,636()
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits42
Net occupancy and equipment
Data processing7
Professional fees124
Advertising and business development
Telecommunications
FDIC insurance
Courier and postage
Free nationwide ATM cost
Amortization of core deposit intangibles
Loan expense
Other real estate owned3
Loss on debt extinguishment
Merger expenses1,366
Other(226)
Intersegment service charges()375
Total non-interest expense1,691
Income (loss) before income tax()(25,902)22,636()
Provision (benefit) for income taxes()3,297()
Total segment profit/(loss)$()$(29,199)$22,636$()
(a) Elimination of equity in earnings of subsidiary

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Equity BankUnallocated Holding · CompanyAmountsEliminationsTotal
Interest and dividend income$87
Interest expense1,927
Net interest income(1,840)
Provision (reversal) for credit losses
Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses(1,840)
Non-interest income
Service charges and fees
Debit card income
Mortgage banking
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance
Net gain on acquisition and branch sales
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions
Other12,737(12,737)
Total non-interest income12,737(12,737)
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits39
Net occupancy and equipment
Data processing
Professional fees179
Advertising and business development
Telecommunications
FDIC insurance
Courier and postage
Free nationwide ATM cost
Amortization of core deposit intangibles
Loan expense
Other real estate owned(8,496)()
Merger expenses3
Other151
Intersegment service charges()375
Total non-interest expense(7,749)
Income (loss) before income tax18,646(12,737)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes(1,219)
Total segment profit/(loss)$19,865$(12,737)
(a) Elimination of equity in earnings of subsidiary

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Line itemFor the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025Equity BankFor the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025Administrative AdjustmentsFor the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025TotalFor the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Equity BankFor the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Administrative AdjustmentsFor the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Total
Depreciation$135$135
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use-asset
Amortization of cloud computing implementation costs
Amortization of intangible assets
Purchase of long lived assets
Provision (benefit) for income taxes()1,757()(2,206)
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
20252024
Equity BankAdministrative AdjustmentsTotalEquity BankAdministrative AdjustmentsTotal
Depreciation$45$45
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use-asset
Amortization of cloud computing implementation costs
Amortization of intangible assets
Purchase of long lived assets
Provision (benefit) for income taxes()3,297()(1,219)
Line itemSeptember 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Assets
Total assets for reportable segments$6,349,154$5,316,222
Holding company administrative adjustments824,444703,685
Elimination of bank cash and intercompany receivable of subsidiaries(77,953)(107,522)
Elimination of investment in subsidiaries(730,014)(580,338)
Consolidated total assets

NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On August 29 2025 the Company entered into an agreement and plan of reorganization with Frontier Holdings LLC, ("Frontier"). Frontier is the parent company of Frontier Bank, a Nebraska state bank which has seven branch locations in Omaha, Lincoln, Madison, Norfolk, Pender and Falls City. In Frontier Bank's June 30, 2025 unaudited Consolidated Report of Condition, Frontier Bank reported total assets of $1,409,873, which included total loans of 1,257,423; total liabilities of $1,295,041, which included deposits of $1,060,318; and $6,689 in net income before income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company anticipates there will be core deposit intangible and goodwill recorded with this acquisition. The merger is anticipated to close in the fourth quarter of 2025 or early in the first quarter of 2026.

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Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025, and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Also, see the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Item 1A: Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Item 1A of this Quarterly Report. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operation includes the following sections:

  • Table containing selected financial data and ratios for the periods;
  • Overview – a general description of our business and financial highlights;
  • Critical Accounting Policies – a discussion of accounting policies that require critical estimates and assumptions;
  • Results of Operations – an analysis of our operating results, including disclosures about the sustainability of our earnings;
  • Financial Condition – an analysis of our financial position;
  • Liquidity and Capital Resources – an analysis of our cash flows and capital position; and
  • Non-GAAP Financial Measures – a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures.

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(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)Statement of Income Data (for the quarterly period ended)September 30,2025June 30,2025March 31,2025December 31,2024September 30,2024
Interest and dividend income$91,098$74,187$74,684$74,979$74,965
Interest expense28,61324,38524,39225,50628,934
Net interest income62,48549,80250,29249,47346,031
Provision (reversal) for credit losses6,228192,722981,183
Net gain on acquisition and branch sales831
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions(53,352)1212(2)206
Other non-interest income8,8738,57710,3188,8188,280
Merger expenses6,16335566618
Loss on debt extinguishment1,361
Other non-interest expense42,91938,28538,98437,80629,710
Income (loss) before income taxes(37,304)18,37118,85020,38523,837
Provision for income taxes(7,641)3,1073,8093,3993,986
Net income (loss)(29,663)15,26415,04116,98619,851
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders(29,663)15,26415,04116,98619,851
Basic earnings (loss) per share$(1.55)$0.87$0.86$1.06$1.30
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$(1.55)$0.86$0.85$1.04$1.28
Balance Sheet Data (at period end)
Cash and cash equivalents$699,984$366,204$431,382$383,747$235,483
Securities available-for-sale903,858973,402950,4531,004,4551,041,000
Securities held-to-maturity5,2435,2365,2265,2175,408
Loans held for sale617217338513901
Gross loans held for investment4,268,5873,600,7283,631,6283,500,8163,600,925
Allowance for credit losses53,46945,27045,82443,26743,490
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses4,322,0563,555,4583,585,8043,457,5493,557,435
Goodwill and core deposit intangibles, net100,46866,00967,02568,07069,130
Naming rights, net5,7785,8525,926957968
Total assets6,365,6315,373,8375,446,1005,332,0475,355,233
Total deposits5,094,7694,234,9184,405,3644,374,7894,362,944
Borrowings481,772444,221371,126312,796431,529
Total liabilities5,653,7394,738,2014,828,7764,739,1294,851,195
Total stockholders’ equity711,892635,636617,324592,918504,038
Tangible common equity*605,646563,775544,373523,891433,940
Performance ratios
Return on average assets (ROAA) annualized(1.931.18%1.17%1.31%1.52%
Return on average equity (ROAE) annualized(16.459.76%10.07%12.67%16.27%
Return on average tangible common equity (ROATCE)* annualized(18.3111.69%12.12%15.30%19.92%
Yield on loans annualized7.18%6.94%7.15%7.15%7.11%
Cost of interest-bearing deposits annualized2.58%2.47%2.44%2.57%2.85%
Cost of total deposits1.98%1.93%1.90%1.99%2.20%
Net interest margin annualized4.45%4.17%4.27%4.17%3.87%
Efficiency ratio*58.31%63.62%62.43%63.02%52.59%
Non-interest expense to net interest income plus non-interest income272.59%68.51%64.42%64.86%54.80%
Non-interest income / average assets annualized(2.900.66%0.80%0.68%0.71%
Non-interest expense / average assets annualized3.20%3.08%3.04%2.91%2.32%
Dividend payout ratio(11.7817.49%17.81%15.62%11.74%
Performance ratios - Core
Core earnings per diluted share*$1.21$0.99$0.90$1.10$1.32
Core return on average assets*1.51%1.35%1.24%1.37%1.56%
Core return on average equity*12.47%11.18%10.69%13.29%16.73%
Core return on average tangible common equity*14.30%12.64%12.14%15.29%19.58%
Core non-interest expense / average assets*2.71%2.86%2.94%2.83%2.18%
Capital Ratios
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio10.41%12.07%11.76%11.67%9.55%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio12.84%15.07%14.70%14.51%11.37%
Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio13.35%15.67%15.30%15.11%11.94%
Total Risk Based Capital Ratio16.09%16.84%18.32%18.07%14.78%
Total Stockholders equity / Total Assets11.18%11.83%11.34%11.12%9.41%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets*9.68%10.63%10.13%9.95%8.21%
Book value per share$37.25$36.27$35.23$34.04$32.97
Tangible common book value per share*$31.69$32.17$31.07$30.07$28.38
Tangible common book value per diluted share*$31.41$31.89$30.84$29.70$28.00
  • The value noted is considered a Non-GAAP financial measure. For a reconciliation of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Item 2.

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Overview

We are a financial holding company headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Our wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Equity Bank, provides a broad range of financial services primarily to businesses and business owners as well as individuals through our network of 77 full-service banking sites located in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. As of September 30, 2025, we had consolidated total assets of $6.36 billion, total loans held for investment, net of allowance, of $4.22 billion, total deposits of $5.09 billion, and total stockholders’ equity of $711.9 million. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025, the Company had net income/(loss) of $(29.7) million and $642 thousand. The Company had net income of $19.9 million and $45.6 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are integral to understanding the results reported. Our accounting policies are described in detail in Note 1 to the December 31, 2024, audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025. The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a number of judgments and assumptions that affect our reported results and disclosures. Several of our accounting policies are inherently subject to valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments and are more critical than others in terms of their importance to results. Changes in any of the estimates and assumptions underlying critical accounting policies could have a material effect on our financial statements. Our accounting policies are described in “NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES” in the Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

The accounting policies that management believes are the most critical to an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations and require complex management judgment are described below.

Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected life of our loan portfolio. This assessment includes procedures to estimate the allowance and test the adequacy and appropriateness of the resulting balance. The level of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of historical default and loss experience, current and projected economic conditions, asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay a loan (including the timing of future payments), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, industry and peer bank loan quality indications, and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. The level of the allowance for credit losses maintained by management is believed adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date; however, determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The actual realized facts and circumstances may be different than those currently estimated by management and may result in significant changes in the allowance for credit losses in future periods. The allowance for credit losses, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets, is adjusted by provision for credit losses, which is recognized in earnings and is reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries.

The allowance represents management’s best estimate, but significant changes in circumstances relating to loan quality and economic conditions could result in significantly different results than what is reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025. Likewise, an improvement in loan quality or economic conditions may allow for a further reduction in the required allowance. Changing credit conditions would be expected to impact realized losses, driving variability in specifically assessed allowances, as well as calculated quantitative and more subjectively analyzed qualitative factors. Depending on the volatility in these conditions, material impacts could be realized within the Company’s operations. Significant changes in economic conditions, both positive and negative, could result in unexpected realization of provision or reversal of allowance for credit losses due to its impact on the quantitative and qualitative inputs to the Company’s calculation. Under the CECL methodology, the impact of these conditions has the potential to further exacerbate periodic differences due to its life of loan perspective. The life of loans calculated under the methodology is based in contractual duration, modified for prepayment expectations, making significant variation in periodic results possible due to changing contractual or adjusted duration of the assets within the calculation.

Goodwill: Goodwill results from business acquisitions and represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired tangible assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment and any such impairment is recognized and expensed in the period identified. Goodwill will be assessed more frequently if a triggering event occurs which indicates that the carrying value of the asset might be impaired. We have selected December 31 as the date to perform our annual goodwill impairment test. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite useful life. For the quarter ended September 30, 2025, management conducted the quarterly qualitative assessment and has determined there was no evidence of a triggering event as of or during the period then ended. Based on this qualitative analysis and conclusion, it was determined that a more robust quantitative assessment was not necessary at our measurement date.

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When performing quantitative goodwill impairment assessments, management is required to estimate the fair value of the Company’s equity in a change in control transaction. To complete this valuation, management is required to derive assumptions related to industry performance, reporting unit business performance, economic and market conditions, and various other assumptions, many of which require significant management judgment.

Although management believes that the judgments and estimates used are reasonable, actual results could differ and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material.

Results of Operations

We generate our revenue from interest income and fees on loans, interest and dividends on investment securities, and non-interest income, such as service charges and fees, debit card income, trust and mortgage banking income. We incur interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds and non-interest expense, such as salaries and employee benefits and occupancy expenses.

Changes in interest rates earned on interest-earning assets or incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volume and types of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic change in net interest income. Fluctuations in interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international circumstances and domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, as well as developments affecting the consumer, commercial and real estate sectors within these markets.

Net Income

Three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with three months ended September 30, 2024: Net income/(loss) allocable to common stockholders for the three months ended September 30, 2025, was $(29.7) million, or $(1.55) diluted earnings per share as compared to $19.9 million, or $1.28 diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $49.5 million. The decrease was largely due to the repositioning of investment securities resulting in a loss of $53.4 million, a $5.0 million increase in the provision for loan losses, offset by a decrease in the provision for taxes of $11.6 million.

Excluding the pre-tax expenses and CECL provisioning associated with our merger with NBC and the loss on the repositioning of the investment portfolio, pre-tax income for the period was $28.4 million. Using an assumed 21% tax rate, adjusted net income was $22.5 million, or $1.17 per diluted share.

Nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with nine months ended September 30, 2024: Net income allocable to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was $642 thousand, or $0.04 diluted earnings per share as compared to $45.6 million, or $2.95 diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $45.0 million. The decrease was largely due to the repositioning of investment securities resulting in a loss of $53.3 million, provision for loan losses of $6.5 million, offset by an increase in net interest income of $25.9 million, and decreases in provision for income taxes of $13.0 million.

Excluding the pre-tax expenses and CECL provisioning associated with our merger with NBC and the loss on the repositioning of the investment portfolio, pre-tax income for the period was $66.1 million. Using an assumed 21% tax rate, adjusted net income was $52.2 million, or $2.87 per diluted share.

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Analysis

Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, including loans and securities, and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, including deposits and other borrowed funds. To evaluate net interest income, management measures and monitors (1) yields on loans and other interest-earning assets, (2) the costs of deposits and other funding sources, (3) the net interest spread, and (4) net interest margin. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Because non-interest-bearing sources of funds, such as non-interest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these non-interest-bearing sources of funds. Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as a “volume change,” and is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds, referred to as a “yield/rate change.”

Three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with three months ended September 30, 2024: The following table shows the average balance of each principal category of assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity and the average yields on

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interest-earning assets and average rates on interest-bearing liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024. The yields and rates are calculated by dividing annualized income or annualized expense by the average daily balances of the associated assets or liabilities.

(Dollars in thousands)Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025Average Outstanding BalanceAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025Average Yield/Rate(3)(4)Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Average Outstanding BalanceAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Average Yield/Rate(3)(4)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(1)
Commercial and industrial$934,768$18,2347.74%$659,697$13,2137.97%
Commercial real estate1,745,71431,7297.21%1,351,40724,1967.12%
Real estate construction505,34510,1097.94%442,8579,7328.74%
Residential real estate575,3416,8494.72%578,7026,9124.75%
Agricultural real estate245,0175,1658.36%251,5954,3656.90%
Agricultural132,0952,9818.95%91,5001,9068.29%
Consumer109,0581,8446.71%100,1271,7657.01%
Total loans4,247,33876,9117.18%3,475,88562,0897.11%
Taxable securities875,6469,4164.27%995,7139,8093.92%
Nontaxable securities40,3423073.02%60,1204002.65%
Total Securities915,9889,7234.21%1,055,83310,2093.85%
Federal funds sold and other411,5494,4644.30%200,2092,6675.30%
Total interest-earning assets5,574,87591,0986.48%4,731,92774,9656.30%
Non-interest-earning assets:
Other real estate owned, net4,4712,992
Premises and equipment, net135,245115,441
Bank-owned life insurance145,755130,817
Goodwill, core deposit and other intangibles, net95,04670,824
Other non-interest-earning assets129,672153,016
Total assets$6,085,064$5,205,017
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits$1,199,4396,7312.23%$1,090,6047,3482.68%
Savings and money market1,676,6799,6632.29%1,465,3129,1362.48%
Demand, savings and money market2,876,11816,3942.26%2,555,91616,4842.57%
Certificates of deposit962,6138,5963.54%753,2867,1953.80%
Total interest-bearing deposits3,838,73124,9902.58%3,309,20223,6792.85%
FHLB term and line of credit advances168,0111,7414.11%252,7513,0894.86%
Subordinated debt85,5561,6197.51%97,2621,9057.79%
Other borrowings46,8352632.23%45,1772612.30%
Total interest-bearing liabilities4,139,13328,6132.74%3,704,39228,9343.11%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
Non-interest-bearing checking accounts1,166,099966,222
Non-interest-bearing liabilities64,51348,935
Stockholders’ equity715,319485,468
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$6,085,064$5,205,017
Net interest income$62,485$46,031
Interest rate spread3.74%3.19%
Net interest margin(2)4.45%3.87%
Total cost of deposits, including non-interest bearing deposits$5,004,830$24,9901.98%$4,275,424$23,6792.20%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities134.69%127.74%

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(1)

Average loan balances include non-accrual loans.

(2)

Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average interest-earnings assets for the period.

(3)

Tax exempt income is not included in the above table on a tax equivalent basis.

(4)

Actual un-rounded values are used to calculate the reported yield or rate disclosed. Accordingly, recalculations using the amounts in thousands as disclosed in this report may not produce the same amounts.

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest yields/rates. The following table analyzes the change in volume variances and yield/rate variances for the three month periods ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025, and 2024

(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease) Due to:Volume(1)Total Increase/ (Decrease)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
Commercial and industrial$5,374$⁠5,021)
Commercial real estate7,1617,533
Real estate construction1,298377)
Residential real estate(40)(63))
Agricultural real estate(117)800
Agricultural9051,075
Consumer15379)
Total loans14,73414,822
Taxable securities(1,246)(393)
Nontaxable securities(145)(93)
Total securities(1,391)(486)
Federal funds sold and other2,3721,797)
Total interest-earning assets15,71516,133
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits688(617))
Savings and money market1,253527)
Demand, savings and money market1,941(90))
Certificates of deposit1,8931,401)
Total interest-bearing deposits3,8341,311)
FHLB term and line of credit advances(929)(1,348))
Subordinated debt(223)(286))
Other borrowings92)
Total interest-bearing liabilities2,691(321))
Net Interest Income$13,024$⁠16,454

(1)

The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous year’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the prior year’s volume. The changes attributable to both volume and rate, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated to the volume variance and the rate variance in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each.

Interest income increased $16.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024. A $15.7 million increase in interest due to increased volume of average interest earning assets, primarily attributable to the NBC merger, and a $418 thousand increase due to the rate/yield on interest earning assets. Realized rate/yield increases on loans was attributable to a 7 bp increase from non-accrual interest adjustment, a 18 bp increase from the accretion of merger purchase accounting adjustments and a 3 bp increase from the amortization of loan origination fees, partially offset by a 1 bp decrease in hedge accounting net settlements and by a 22 bp decrease in coupon rates. Decreases in coupon were driven by market interest rate reductions offset by continued production in a comparatively high interest rate market relative to near term history. The increase in interest income on the remaining components of interest earning assets was primarily due to increased volume from the Company's merger with NBC as well as the repositioning of $436.3 million in investments throughout the quarter.

The decrease in interest expense of $321 thousand was due to the deposit portfolio repricing downward in line with market interest rates and a decrease in volume and rate on the Company's borrowing lines, partially offset by an increase in volume in deposits primarily attributable to our merger with NBC.

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During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, when compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024, net interest margin increased 58 bp and net interest spread increased by 55 bp to 3.74% from 3.19%. Since the beginning of the third quarter 2024, the federal funds rate has dropped a total of 125 bp. This decline is the primary driver of the downward trend in the cost on interest bearing liabilities. The expansion in margin and spread is attributable to the shifting composition of interest earning assets, repositioning of a material portion of our investment portfolio as well as realized sensitivity in liability pricing following the rate movements.

Nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with nine months ended September 30, 2024: The following table shows the average balance of each principal category of assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity and the average yields on interest-earning assets and average rates on interest-bearing liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024. The yields and rates are calculated by dividing annualized income or annualized expense by the average daily balances of the associated assets or liabilities.

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(Dollars in thousands)Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025Average Outstanding BalanceAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025Average Yield/Rate(3)(4)Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Average Outstanding BalanceAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis · For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Average Yield/Rate(3)(4)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(1)
Commercial and industrial$790,373$46,4797.86%$643,213$38,4087.98%
Commercial real estate1,528,18981,3637.12%1,400,38573,3397.00%
Real estate construction475,22528,0287.89%400,31726,3508.79%
Residential real estate569,27920,4374.80%579,81819,9354.59%
Agricultural real estate255,61815,1537.93%218,33411,7777.21%
Agricultural103,6856,3798.23%116,5207,3988.48%
Consumer97,9434,9376.74%104,0985,2296.71%
Total loans3,820,312202,7767.10%3,462,685182,4367.04%
Taxable securities906,80427,3514.03%1,004,36729,8623.97%
Nontaxable securities50,1711,0422.78%60,9031,1922.62%
Total securities956,97528,3933.97%1,065,27031,0543.89%
Federal funds sold and other271,8548,8004.33%211,9618,3745.28%
Total interest-earning assets5,049,141239,9696.35%4,739,916221,8646.25%
Non-interest-earning assets:
Other real estate owned, net4,5362,187
Premises and equipment, net123,411115,801
Bank-owned life insurance137,359128,209
Goodwill, core deposit and other intangibles, net80,03068,160
Other non-interest-earning assets110,197130,530
Total assets$5,504,674$5,184,803
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits$1,105,24717,7422.15%$1,087,48822,1342.72%
Savings and money market1,521,75425,4102.23%1,448,36425,9562.39%
Demand, savings and money market2,627,00143,1522.20%2,535,85248,0902.53%
Certificates of deposit816,74821,3053.49%765,80021,1063.68%
Total interest-bearing deposits3,443,74964,4572.50%3,301,65269,1962.80%
FHLB term and line of credit advances217,1506,8814.24%223,1328,0224.80%
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings74.50%41,3911,3614.39%
Subordinated debt93,2805,3227.63%97,1255,7037.84%
Other borrowings45,5607302.14%50,1368932.39%
Total interest-bearing liabilities3,799,74677,3902.72%3,713,43685,1753.06%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
Non-interest-bearing checking accounts1,003,225958,786
Non-interest-bearing liabilities51,85645,513
Stockholders’ equity649,847467,068
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$5,504,674$5,184,803
Net interest income$162,579$136,689
Interest rate spread3.63%3.19%
Net interest margin(2)4.31%3.85%
Total cost of deposits, including non-interest bearing deposits$4,446,974$64,4571.94%$4,260,438$69,1962.17%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities132.88%127.64%

(1)

Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans.

(2)

Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average interest-earnings assets for the period.

(3)

Tax exempt income is not included in the above table on a tax equivalent basis.

(4)

Actual un-rounded values are used to calculate the reported yield or rate disclosed. Accordingly, recalculations using the amounts in thousands as disclosed in this report may not produce the same amounts.

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Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest yields/rates. The following table analyzes the change in volume variances and yield/rate variances for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025, and 2024

(Dollars in thousands)Increase (Decrease) Due to:Volume(1)Total Increase/ (Decrease)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
Commercial and industrial$8,662$⁠8,071)
Commercial real estate6,7868,024
Real estate construction4,6011,678)
Residential real estate(367)502
Agricultural real estate2,1373,376
Agricultural(795)(1,019))
Consumer(310)(292)
Total loans20,71420,340)
Taxable securities(2,966)(2,511)
Nontaxable securities(220)(150)
Total securities(3,186)(2,661)
Federal funds sold and other2,106426)
Total interest-earning assets19,63418,105)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits356(4,392))
Savings and money market1,276(546))
Demand, savings and money market1,632(4,938))
Certificates of deposit1,363199)
Total interest-bearing deposits2,995(4,739))
FHLB term and line of credit advances(211)(1,141))
Federal Reserve Bank discount window(1,392)(1,361)
Subordinated debt(222)(381))
Other borrowings(78)(163))
Total interest-bearing liabilities1,092(7,785))
Net Interest Income$18,542$⁠25,890

Interest income on interest-earning assets increased $18.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Of this increase, $19.7 million is attributable to increases in volume of interest earning assets, primarily from the merger with NBC offset by declining rate/yield.

There was a decrease in interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities of $7.8 million due to the deposit portfolio repricing to market interest rates as well as decreased utilization and cost of secured borrowing lines offset by an increase in volume in deposits primarily attributable to our merger with NBC.

When compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net interest margin increased 46 bp during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, while net interest spread increased by 44 bp to 3.63% from 3.19%. From the beginning of the third quarter 2024 through the end of the third quarter 2025, the federal funds rate has dropped four times totaling 125 bp. This decline is the primary driver of the downward trend in both yield on interest earning assets and cost on interest bearing liabilities. The expansion in margin and spread is attributable to the shifting composition of interest earning assets as well as realized sensitivity in liability pricing following the rate movements.

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Provision for Credit Losses

We maintain an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses in our loan portfolio. The allowance for credit losses is increased by a provision for credit losses, which is a charge to earnings, and subsequent recoveries of amounts previously charged-off, but is decreased by charge-offs when the collectability of a loan balance is unlikely. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience within the Company’s portfolio. This historical loss calculation is then modified to reflect quantitative economic circumstances based on evidenced economic conditions and regression formulas, which incorporate lag factors in identifying a sufficiently predictive adjusted-R square, as well as qualitative factors not inherently reflected in our historical loss or quantitative economic inputs. Included in our qualitative assessment is the consideration of prospective economic conditions over the next 12 months, considered the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast period. As these factors change, the amount of the credit loss provision changes.

Three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with three months ended September 30, 2024: During the three months ended September 30, 2025, there was a provision for credit losses of $6.2 million compared to a provision for credit losses of $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The provision for the three months ended is primarily attributable to the establishment of reserves on non-PCD loans acquired in the NBC acquisition. The Company continues to estimate the allowance for credit losses with assumptions that anticipate slower prepayment rates and continued market disruption caused by the impact of U.S. trade and fiscal policy and the resulting impact on consumers and businesses. Net charge-offs for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, were $1.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, gross charge-offs were $1.4 million, offset by gross recoveries of $330 thousand. In comparison, gross charge-offs were $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, offset by gross recoveries of $197 thousand.

Nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with nine months ended September 30, 2024: During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, there was a provision for credit losses of $9.0 million compared to a provision for credit losses of $2.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in the provision for the nine months ended is primarily attributable to the establishment of reserves on non-PCD loans acquired in the NBC acquisition as well loan growth within the legacy portfolio. Net charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, were $1.8 million compared to net charge-offs of $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, gross charge-offs were $3.7 million, offset by gross recoveries of $1.8 million. In comparison, gross charge-offs were $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, offset by gross recoveries of $564 thousand.

Non-Interest Income

The primary sources of non-interest income are service charges and fees, debit card income, mortgage banking income, trust income and increases in the value of bank-owned life insurance. Non-interest income does not include loan origination or other loan fees, which are recognized as an adjustment to yield using the interest method.

Three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with three months ended September 30, 2024: The following table provides a comparison of the major components of non-interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.

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Non-Interest Income

For the Three Months Ended September 30,

(Dollars in thousands)202520242025 vs. 2024Change2025 vs. 2024%
Service charges and fees$2,522$2,424$984.0%
Debit card income2,9532,66528810.8%
Mortgage banking62287(225)(78.4
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance1,3931,344493.6%
Other
Investment referral income1751096660.6%
Trust income5044129222.3%
Insurance sales commissions181166159.0%
Recovery on zero-basis purchased loans25(3)(60.0
Income (loss) from equity method investments
Other non-interest income1,08186821324.5%
Total other1,9431,56038324.6%
Subtotal8,8738,2805937.2%
Net gain (loss) on acquisition and branch sales831(831)100.0%
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions(53,352)206(53,558)(25999.0
Total non-interest income$(44,479)$9,317$(53,796)(577.4

Total non-interest income decreased $53.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The decrease is largely attributable to $53.4 million loss on the repositioning of our investment portfolio. Excluding the loss on repositioning as well as $831 thousand in gain on acquisition from the prior year, non-interest income increased $387 thousand, primarily from the addition of accounts from the NBC merger.

Nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with nine months ended September 30, 2024: The following table provides a comparison of the major components of non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024

Non-Interest Income

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,

(Dollars in thousands)202520242025 vs. 2024Change2025 vs. 2024%
Service charges and fees$6,763$7,534$(771)(10.2
Debit card income8,5097,73377610.0%
Mortgage banking380720(340)(47.2
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance6,3073,0833,224104.6%
Other
Investment referral income52439512932.7%
Trust income1,4271,11531228.0%
Insurance sales commissions3863097724.9%
Recovery on zero-basis purchased loans54,378(4,373)(99.9
Income from equity method investments(87)87(100.0
Other non-interest income3,4672,47399440.2%
Total other5,8098,583(2,774)(32.3
Subtotal27,76827,6531150.4%
Net gain (loss) on acquisition and branch sales2,131(2,131)(100.0
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions(53,328)222(53,550)(24121.6
Total non-interest income$(25,560)$30,006$(55,566)(185.2

Total non-interest income decreased $55.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The decrease is largely attributable to $53.3 million loss on the repositioning of investment securities. Excluding the loss on repositioning as well as $831 thousand in gain on acquisition from the prior year, non-interest income was effectively flat year-over-year.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, within the increase in value of bank owned life insurance the Bank realized a death benefit on an insured which, when coupled with repositioning of policies completed in May of 2024 drove the comparative increase in this line item year-over-year.

Recovery on zero-basis loans are non-recurring benefits realized by the Company upon resolution of a loan which was fully charged-off prior to being acquired by the Company. The benefit realized in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, did not repeat in 2025.

Non-Interest Expense

Three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with three months ended September 30, 2024: For the three months ended September 30, 2025, non-interest expense totaled $49.1 million, an increase of $18.8 million, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Changes in the various components of non-interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, are discussed in more detail in the following table.

Non-Interest Expense

For the Three Months Ended September 30,

(Dollars in thousands)202520242025 vs. 2024Change2025 vs. 2024%
Salaries and employee benefits$22,773$18,494$4,27923.1%
Net occupancy and equipment4,3173,47883924.1%
Data processing4,8875,152(265)(5.1
Professional fees1,6701,48718312.3%
Advertising and business development1,3051,368(63)(4.6
Telecommunications630660(30)(4.5
FDIC insurance653660(7)(1.1
Courier and postage744686588.5%
Free nationwide ATM cost582544387.0%
Amortization of core deposit intangible1,1821,112706.3%
Loan expense330143187130.8%
Other real estate owned797(7,667)8,464(110.4
Loss on debt extinguishment
Other3,0493,593(544)(15.1
Subtotal42,91929,71013,20944.5%
Merger expenses6,1636185,545897.2%
Total non-interest expense$49,082$30,328$18,75461.8%

Salaries and employee benefits: There was an increase in salaries and employee benefits of $4.3 million for the period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The increase in employee salaries and wages was due to additional payroll costs as well as an increase in employee insurance expense, which is primarily driven by the increase in staff from the NBC merger. Additionally, incentive compensation and stock related compensation expense increased which is associated with the close of the NBC merger.

Other real estate owned: In 2024, there was a significant realized gain on the sale of other real estate owned that was not expected to and did not repeat again in 2025, driving the increase in other real estate owned expense noted above.

Other: Other non-interest expenses consists of subscriptions, memberships and dues, employee expenses, including travel, meals, entertainment and education, supplies, printing, insurance, account related losses, correspondent bank fees, customer program expenses, losses net of gains on the sale of fixed assets, losses net of gains on the sale of repossessed assets other than real estate, other operating expenses, such as settlement of claims, losses from limited partnerships entered into for tax credits and provision for unfunded commitments. The overall decrease is comprised of a number of insignificant changes within expense categories noted above.

Merger expenses: The increase is primarily due to the completion of the NBC merger and the preliminary work on the Frontier merger. The Frontier merger, which is expected to close in late 2025 or early 2026, is expected to be realized in the period it is closed.

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Nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with nine months ended September 30, 2024: For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, non-interest expense totaled $128.1 million, an increase of $21.8 million, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Changes in the various components of non-interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, are discussed in more detail in the following table.

Non-Interest Expense

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,

(Dollars in thousands)202520242025 vs. 2024Change2025 vs. 2024%
Salaries and employee benefits$62,462$54,418$8,04414.8%
Net occupancy and equipment11,47410,8006746.2%
Data processing15,02815,016120.1%
Professional fees4,5584,657(99)(2.1
Advertising and business development3,8573,897(40)(1.0
Telecommunications1,8051,887(82)(4.3
FDIC insurance1,7471,821(74)(4.1
Courier and postage2,3771,91246524.3%
Free nationwide ATM cost1,6421,569734.7%
Amortization of core deposit intangibles3,2433,229140.4%
Loan expense74044729365.5%
Other real estate owned1,001(7,658)8,659(113.1
Loss on debt extinguishment1,3611,361(100.0
Other10,2549,8953593.6%
Sub-Total121,549101,89019,65919.3%
Merger expenses6,5844,4612,12347.6%
Total non-interest expense$128,133$106,351$21,78220.5%

Salaries and employee benefits: There was an increase in salaries and employee benefits of $8.0 million for the period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily due to increases in employee salaries, as well as an increases in incentive compensation, employee insurance expense and stock related compensation expense associated with the NBC merger.

Courier and postage: There was an increase in courier and postage expense of $465 thousand for the period ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily due to armored car/courier services.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment: During the nine months ending September 30, 2025, the Company executed an early redemption on the subordinated notes. The Company realized a loss of $1.4 million from the write off of debt issue costs from the debt extinguishment.

Other real estate owned: In 2024, there was a significant realized gain on the sale of other real estate owned that was not expected to and did not repeat again in 2025 driving the increase in expense noted above.

Other: Other non-interest expenses consists of subscriptions, memberships and dues, employee expenses, including travel, meals, entertainment and education, supplies, printing, insurance, account related losses, correspondent bank fees, customer program expenses, losses net of gains on the sale of fixed assets, losses net of gains on the sale of repossessed assets other than real estate, other operating expenses, such as settlement of claims, losses from limited partnerships entered into for tax credits and provision for unfunded commitments.

Merger expenses: The increase is primarily due to the completion of the NBC merger and the preliminary work on the Frontier merger. The expenses related to the Frontier merger, which is expected to close in late 2025 or early 2026, is expected to be realized in period it is closed.

Efficiency Ratio

The efficiency ratio is a supplemental financial measure utilized in the internal evaluation of performance and is not defined under GAAP. For a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Item 2. Our efficiency ratio is computed by dividing non-interest expense, excluding goodwill impairment, merger expenses and loss on debt

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extinguishment, by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income, excluding net gains on sales of and settlement of securities and gain on acquisition. Generally, an increase in the efficiency ratio indicates that more resources are being utilized to generate the same volume of income, while a decrease would indicate a more efficient allocation of resources.

The efficiency ratio was 58.31% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with 52.59% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily an increase in non-interest expense as a gain on sale of other real estate realized in the prior year period did not recur. Excluding the other real estate benefit in 2024, the efficiency ratio would have improved as increases in net and non-interest interest income, on a relative basis, outpaced increases in non-interest expenses, excluding merger related expenses. The increase in net interest income is largely due to in increase in volume from NBC merger and a decrease in interest expense on interest bearing liabilities due to the deposit portfolio repricing downward with the federal funds rate during the past twelve months.

The efficiency ratio was 61.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with 59.97% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Drivers of change are consistent with the three months ended above.

Income Taxes

In general, the Company records income tax expense each quarter based on its estimate of the full year’s effective tax rate which includes, in addition to statutory rates, estimated amounts for tax-exempt interest income, non-taxable life insurance income, non-deductible executive compensation, valuation allowance on deferred assets, other non-deductible expense, and federal and state income tax credits anticipated to be available in proportion to anticipated annual income before income taxes. Certain items, however, are given discrete period treatment and the tax effects for such items are therefore reported in the quarter that an event arises. Events or items that may give rise to discrete recognition include excess tax benefits or shortfalls with respect to share-based compensation and changes in tax law.

During the tax year ended December 31, 2024, a Corporate Application for Tentative Refund was filed to carry back excess general business credits from 2023 to the 2020, 2021 and 2022 tax years resulting in a refund of $14.9 million which was received in the second quarter of 2025. Pursuant to Section 6405 of the Internal Revenue Code, refunds in excess of $5 million to a corporate taxpayer must be reviewed by the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT). Accordingly, the IRS has referred the proposed refund to the JCT for review. While tax years ending 12/31/2020 and 12/31/2021 are closed for audit purposes, tax year ending 12/31/2022 remains open and, under request from the IRS, the statute of limitation has been extended to October 31, 2027.

On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which changes existing U.S. tax laws, including extending or making permanent certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, repealing certain clean energy initiatives, in addition to other changes. The Company anticipates an insignificant impact to deferred tax assets and liabilities and to income taxes payable in the period of enactment. The Company continues to evaluate the impact the new legislation will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with three months ended September 30 2024: The effective income tax rate for the three month period ended September 30, 2025, was 20.5% as compared to 16.7% for the three month period ended September 30, 2024. In the prior quarter, we reported pre-tax income and income tax expense resulting in a positive effective tax rate (indicating tax expense with pre-tax income). In the current quarter, we reported a pre-tax loss and income tax benefit associated with the loss on the sale of debt securities, also resulting in a positive effective tax rate (indicating tax benefit with pre-tax losses). The comparison of effective tax rates between the current and prior quarters is not meaningful due to the change from pre-tax income in the prior quarter to a pre-tax loss in the current quarter.

Nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with nine months ended September 30, 2024: The effective income tax rate for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025, was 873.5% as compared to 21.2% for the nine month period ended September 30, 2024. The tax rate for the current period was based on an annual effective tax rate of 18% for the year prior to discrete items related to share-based compensation and interest income received related to federal carryback claims filed by the Company which reduced income tax expense. The comparison of effective tax rates between the current and prior periods is not meaningful due to the change from pre-tax income in the prior period to a pre-tax loss in the current period.

Financial Condition

Total assets increased $1.03 billion from December 31, 2024, to $6.37 billion at September 30, 2025. This variance was primarily due to an increase in loans held for investment of $767.8 million and an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $315.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in available for sale securities of $100.6 million. Total liabilities increased $914.6 million to $5.65 billion at September 30, 2025. The change in total liabilities is primarily due to increase in total deposits of $720.0 million, an increase in FHLB borrowings of $163.3 million and in increase in interest payable and other liabilities of $21.1 million. Total

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stockholders’ equity increased $119.0 million from $592.9 million at December 31, 2024, to $711.9 million at September 30, 2025, principally due an increase of $74.1 million in additional paid-in-capital. Balance sheet changes for the quarter are primarily attributable to the Company’s merger with NBC.

Loan Portfolio

The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated.

Composition of Loan Portfolio

Line itemSeptember 30,2025AmountSeptember 30,2025PercentDecember 31,2024AmountDecember 31,2024PercentChange%
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial$907,43921.3%$658,86518.8%$248,57437.7%
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate2,216,18051.9%1,830,51452.3%385,66621.1%
Residential real estate590,59813.8%566,76616.2%23,8324.2%
Agricultural real estate272,0876.4%267,2487.6%4,8391.8%
Total real estate loans3,078,86572.1%2,664,52876.1%414,33715.6%
Agricultural174,5174.1%87,3392.5%87,17899.8%
Consumer107,7662.5%90,0842.6%17,68219.6%
Total loans held for investment$4,268,587100.0%$3,500,816100.0%$767,77121.9%
Total loans held for sale$617100.0%$513100.0%$10420.3%
Total loans held for investment (net of allowances)$4,215,118100.0%$3,457,549100.0%$757,56921.9%

Our commercial loan portfolio consists of various types of loans, most of which are generally made to borrowers located in the Wichita, Kansas City, and Tulsa Metropolitan Statistical Areas (“MSAs”), as well as various community markets throughout Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. The majority of our portfolio consists of commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans, and a substantial portion of our borrowers’ ability to honor their obligations is dependent on local economies in which they operate.

At September 30, 2025, gross total loans, including loans held for sale, were 83.8% of deposits and 67.1% of total assets. At December 31, 2024, gross total loans, including loans held for sale, were 80.0% of deposits and 65.7% of total assets.

We provide commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, commercial real estate loans (including loans secured by owner-occupied commercial properties), term loans, equipment financing, aircraft financing, real property acquisition and development loans, borrowing base loans, real estate construction loans, homebuilder loans, SBA loans, agricultural and agricultural real estate loans, letters of credit and other loan products to national and regional companies, real estate developers, mortgage lenders, manufacturing and industrial companies and other businesses. The types of loans we make to consumers include residential real estate loans, home equity loans, home equity lines of credit, installment loans, unsecured and secured personal lines of credit, overdraft protection, and letters of credit.

Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans include loans used to purchase fixed assets, to provide working capital or meet other financing needs of the business.

Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate loans include all loans secured by non-farm nonresidential properties and multifamily residential properties, as well as 1-4 family investment-purpose real estate loans.

Residential real estate: Residential real estate loans include loans secured by primary or secondary personal residences. Pools of mortgages are occasionally purchased to expand our loan portfolio and provide additional loan income.

Agricultural real estate, Agricultural, Consumer and other: Agricultural real estate loans are loans related to farmland. Agricultural loans are primarily operating lines subject to annual farming revenues including productivity/yield of the agricultural commodities produced. Consumer loans are generally secured by consumer assets but may be unsecured.

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The contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with predetermined interest rates and floating rates in each maturity range as of September 30, 2025, are summarized in the following table.

Loan Maturity and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates

As of September 30, 2025 · Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemOne yearor lessAfter one yearthrough fiveyearsAfter fiveyears through fifteen yearsAfter fifteen yearsTotal
Commercial and industrial$356,602$370,225$114,385$66,227$907,439
Real Estate:
Commercial real estate580,4381,174,263352,092109,3872,216,180
Residential real estate5,78813,727115,533455,550590,598
Agricultural real estate68,687127,72536,51039,165272,087
Total real estate654,9131,315,715504,135604,1023,078,865
Agricultural119,70836,9975,88111,931174,517
Consumer53,66445,0777,0721,953107,766
Total$1,184,887$1,768,014$631,473$684,213$4,268,587
Loans with a predetermined fixed interest rate$425,398$669,732$111,351$276,766$1,483,247
Loans with an adjustable/floating interest rate759,4891,098,282520,122407,4472,785,340
Total$1,184,887$1,768,014$631,473$684,213$4,268,587

The contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with predetermined interest rates and floating rates in each maturity range as of December 31, 2024, are summarized in the following table.

Loan Maturity and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates

As of December 31, 2024 · Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemOne yearor lessAfter one yearthrough fiveyearsAfter fiveyears through fifteen yearsAfter fifteen yearsTotal
Commercial and industrial$253,375$309,996$92,880$2,614$658,865
Real Estate:
Commercial real estate484,4501,019,023231,12295,9191,830,514
Residential real estate2,37511,344124,983428,064566,766
Agricultural real estate100,16993,43034,72038,929267,248
Total real estate586,9941,123,797390,825562,9122,664,528
Agricultural59,21321,3733,2703,48387,339
Consumer32,49845,35210,2342,00090,084
Total$932,080$1,500,518$497,209$571,009$3,500,816
Loans with a predetermined fixed interest rate$405,335$544,767$115,887$261,080$1,327,069
Loans with an adjustable/floating interest rate526,745955,751381,322309,9292,173,747
Total$932,080$1,500,518$497,209$571,009$3,500,816

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Credit Quality Indicators

We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, current economic trends, and other factors. Loans are analyzed individually and classified based on credit risk. Consumer loans are considered pass credits unless downgraded due to payment status or reviewed as part of a larger credit relationship.

For additional information, see “NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Nonperforming Assets

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets at the dates indicated.

Nonperforming Assets

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemSeptember 30,2025December 31,2024
Non-accrual loans$48,574$27,050
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due2,849181
OREO acquired through foreclosure, net1,0062,632
Other repossessed assets2004,812
Total nonperforming assets$52,629$34,675
Ratios:
Nonperforming assets to total assets0.83%0.65%
Nonperforming assets to total loans plus OREO and repossessed assets1.23%0.99%

Generally, loans are designated as non-accrual when either principal or interest payments are 90 days or more past due based on contractual terms, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual, or charged off, at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income earned in the current year is reversed against income and unpaid interest earned in prior years is charged off. Future interest income may be recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured. Non-accrual loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The nonperforming loans at September 30, 2025, consisted of 329 separate credits and 269 separate borrowers. We had 6 nonperforming loan relationships, totaling $29.3 million, with an outstanding balance in excess of $1.0 million as of September 30, 2025.

There are several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by lenders and we also monitor delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. In accordance with applicable regulation, appraisals or evaluations are required to independently value real estate and are an important element to consider when underwriting loans secured in part or in whole by real estate. The value of real estate collateral provides additional support to the borrower’s credit capacity. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

Potential Problem Loans

Potential problem loans consist of loans that are performing in accordance with contractual terms, but for which management has concerns about the borrower’s ability to comply with repayment terms because of the borrower’s potential financial difficulties. Potential problem loans are assigned a grade of special mention or substandard. At September 30, 2025, the Company had $11.2 million in potential problem loans which were not included in either non-accrual or 90 days past due categories, compared to $35.4 million at December 31, 2024.

With respect to potential problem loans, all monitored and under-performing loans are reviewed and evaluated to determine if they are impaired. If we determine that a loan is impaired, then we evaluate the borrower’s overall financial condition to determine the need, if any, for possible write downs or appropriate additions to the allowance for credit losses based on the unlikelihood of full repayment of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms or the net realizable value of the pledged collateral.

77

Allowance for Credit Losses

Please see “Critical Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses” for additional discussion of our allowance policy. For additional information, see “NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

In connection with our review of the loan portfolio, risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories are considered when assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements include the following items.

  • Commercial and industrial loans are dependent on the strength of the industries of the related borrowers and the success of their businesses. Commercial and industrial loans are advanced for equipment purchases, to provide working capital, or to meet other financing needs of the business. These loans may be secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, or other business assets. Financial information is obtained from the borrower to evaluate the debt service coverage and ability to repay the loans.
  • Commercial real estate loans are dependent on the industries tied to these loans as well as the local commercial real estate market. The loans are secured by the real estate, and appraisals are obtained to support the loan amount. An evaluation of the project’s cash flows is performed to evaluate the borrower’s ability to repay the loan at the time of origination and is periodically updated during the life of the loan.
  • Residential real estate loans are affected by the local residential real estate market, the local economy, and movement in interest rates. We evaluate the borrower’s repayment ability through a review of credit reports and debt to income ratios. Appraisals are obtained to support the loan amount.
  • Agricultural real estate loans are real estate loans related to farmland and are affected by the value of farmland. We evaluate the borrower’s ability to repay based on cash flows from farming operations.
  • Agricultural loans are primarily operating lines subject to annual farming revenues including productivity/yield of the agricultural commodities produced and market pricing at the time of sale.
  • Consumer loans are dependent on the local economy. Consumer loans are generally secured by consumer assets but may be unsecured. We evaluate the borrower’s repayment ability through a review of credit scores and an evaluation of debt to income ratios.

78

The following table presents, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the allowance for credit losses and other related data.

Allowance for Credit Losses · For the Quarters Ended,

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
September 30, 2025Commercial Real EstateCommercial and IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses (ACL)$21,454$14,953$9,031$5,433$719$1,879$53,469
Total loans outstanding (1)2,216,180907,439590,598272,087174,517107,7664,268,587
Net (charge-offs) recoveries QTD(220)(607)(14)(18)10(255)(1,104)
Net (charge-offs) recoveries YTD264(981)(119)29(41)(994)(1,842)
Average loan balance QTD (1)2,251,059934,768574,797245,017132,095109,0584,246,794
Average loan balance YTD (1)2,003,415790,373568,622255,618103,68597,9433,819,656
Non-accrual loan balance16,68921,8224,1093,3551,82977048,574
Loans to total loans outstanding51.9%21.3%13.8%6.4%4.1%2.5%100.0%
ACL to total loans1.0%1.6%1.5%2.0%0.4%1.7%1.3%
Net charge-offs to average loans QTD(0.1(0.2
Net charge-offs to average loans YTD(0.1(1.0
Non-accrual loans to total loans0.8%2.4%0.7%1.2%1.0%0.7%1.1%
ACL to non-accrual loans128.6%68.5%219.8%161.9%39.3%244.0%110.1%
September 30, 2024Commercial Real EstateCommercial and IndustrialResidential Real EstateAgricultural Real EstateAgriculturalConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses (ACL)$15,236$15,809$7,720$2,535$522$1,668$43,490
Total loans outstanding (1)1,916,863670,665567,063259,58789,52997,2183,600,925
Net (charge-offs) recoveries QTD7(854)(330)(9)21(419)(1,584)
Net (charge-offs) recoveries YTD19(2,500)(344)(8)(5)(640)(3,478)
Average loan balance QTD (1)659,6971,794,264576,722251,59591,500100,1273,473,905
Average loan balance YTD (1)643,2131,800,702578,364218,334116,520104,0983,461,231
Non-accrual loan balance8,7819,7724,5947,01753857631,278
Loans to total loans outstanding53.2%18.6%15.7%7.2%2.5%2.7%100.0%
ACL to total loans0.8%2.4%1.4%1.0%0.6%1.7%1.2%
Net charge-offs to average loans QTD(0.1(0.4
Net charge-offs to average loans YTD(0.1(0.1(0.6(0.1
Non-accrual loans to total loans0.5%1.5%0.8%2.7%0.6%0.6%0.9%
ACL to non-accrual loans173.5%161.8%168.0%36.1%97.0%289.6%139.0%

(1)

Excluding loans held for sale.

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Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2025, was adequate to cover current expected credit losses in the loan portfolio as of such date. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not sustain losses in future periods, which could be substantial in relation to the size of the allowance at September 30, 2025.

The allowance for credit losses on loans measured on a collective basis totaled $46.7 million, or 1.1% of the $4.20 billion in loans measured on a collective basis at September 30, 2025, compared to an allowance for credit losses of $38.4 million, or 1.1%, of the $3.48 billion in loans measured on a collective basis at December 31, 2024. The total reserve percentage to total loans was 1.3% at September 30, 2025, and 1.2% at December 31, 2024.

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, to provide an appropriate return on funds invested, to manage interest rate risk, to meet pledging requirements and to meet regulatory capital requirements. At September 30, 2025, securities represented 14.3% of total assets, decreasing from 18.9% at December 31, 2024.

At the date of purchase, debt securities are classified into one of two categories: held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. We do not purchase securities for trading purposes. At each reporting date, the appropriateness of the classification is reassessed. Investments in debt securities that are classified as held-to-maturity are carried at cost, and adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts, only if management has the positive intent and ability to hold those securities to maturity. Debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and are measured at fair value in the financial statements with unrealized gains and losses reported, net of tax, as accumulated comprehensive income or loss until realized. Interest earned on securities is included in total interest and dividend income. Also included in total interest and dividend income are dividends received on stock investments in the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and the FHLB of Topeka. These stock investments are stated at cost.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value by classification of available-for-sale securities as of the dates shown.

Available-For-Sale Securities

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Amortized CostSeptember 30, 2025Fair ValueDecember 31, 2024Amortized CostDecember 31, 2024Fair Value
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$28,725$29,060$71,173$65,094
U.S. Treasury securities43,15943,28186,52386,563
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities633,351639,453600,558565,510
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities4,5824,458144,971124,664
Corporate83,75582,90561,94758,652
Small Business Administration loan pools83,52783,29130,21229,928
State and political subdivisions21,82521,41083,86874,044
Total available-for-sale securities$898,924$903,858$1,079,252$1,004,455

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value by classification of Held-to-Maturity securities as of the dates shown.

Held-To-Maturity Securities

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemSeptember 30, 2025Amortized CostSeptember 30, 2025Fair ValueDecember 31, 2024Amortized CostDecember 31, 2024Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities$3,960$4,078$3,932$3,909
State and political subdivisions1,2831,3001,2851,305
Total held-to-maturity securities$5,243$5,378$5,217$5,214

At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, we did not own securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government and its agencies or sponsored entities) for which aggregate par value exceeded 10% of consolidated stockholders’ equity at the reporting dates noted.

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The following tables summarize the contractual maturity of debt securities and their weighted average yields as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately. Available-for-sale securities are shown at fair value and held-to-maturity securities are shown at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts.

September 30, 2025 · Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemDue in one yearor lessCarrying ValueDue in one yearor lessYieldDue after oneyear throughfive yearsCarrying ValueDue after oneyear throughfive yearsYieldDue after fiveyears through10 yearsCarrying ValueDue after fiveyears through10 yearsYieldDue after 10yearsCarrying ValueDue after 10yearsYieldTotalCarrying ValueTotalYield
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$10,1014.52%$16,6154.42%$2,3444.52%$29,0604.06%
U.S. Treasury securities37,0984.25%6,1834.61%43,2814.30%
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage- backed securities$55,5564.95%$15,7065.19%$568,1915.10%639,4535.09%
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities4,4584.21%4,4584.21%
Corporate7353.80%17,9237.49%63,4955.22%7526.01%82,9055.73%
Small Business Administration loan pools2,6545.22%39,3724.69%41,2654.92%83,2914.82%
State and political subdivisions(1)1,2032.42%3,7963.10%10,9533.04%5,4584.22%21,4103.32%
Total available-for-sale securities49,1374.25%102,7275.23%131,8704.87%620,1245.07%903,8585.01%
Held-to-maturity securities:
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage- backed securities3,0915.02%8694.92%3,9604.99%
State and political subdivisions(1)1713.02%1,1124.62%1,2834.40%
Total held-to-maturity securities3,2624.91%1,9814.75%5,2434.85%
Total debt securities$49,1374.25%$102,7275.23%$135,1324.87%$622,1055.07%$909,1015.01%

(1)

The calculated yield is not presented on a tax equivalent basis.

December 31, 2024 · Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemDue in one yearor lessCarrying ValueDue in one yearor lessYieldDue after oneyear throughfive yearsCarrying ValueDue after oneyear throughfive yearsYieldDue after fiveyears through10 yearsCarrying ValueDue after fiveyears through10 yearsYieldDue after 10yearsCarrying ValueDue after 10yearsYieldTotalCarrying ValueTotalYield
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored entities$7,7974.68%$22,9114.45%$32,6231.85%$1,7632.02%$65,0943.11%
U.S. Treasury securities78,4003.67%8,1634.66%86,5633.76%
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage- backed securities71,0254.57%117,8322.41%376,6534.39%565,5104.00%
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities124,6642.35%124,6642.35%
Corporate6004.25%11,2136.81%46,8394.75%58,6525.14%
Small Business Administration loan pools11,4545.28%18,4745.29%29,9285.29%
State and political subdivisions(1)2,5932.37%10,4462.38%33,2562.11%27,7492.49%74,0442.31%
Total available-for-sale securities89,3903.72%123,7584.57%242,0042.88%549,3033.86%1,004,4553.70%
Held-to-maturity securities:
Mortgage-backed securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage- backed securities3,0535.02%8794.96%3,9325.00%
State and political subdivisions(1)1723.02%1,1134.62%1,2854.40%
Total held-to-maturity securities3,2254.91%1,9924.77%5,2174.86%
Total debt securities$89,3903.72%$123,7584.57%$245,2292.91%$551,2953.86%$1,009,6723.70%

(1)

The calculated yield is not presented on a tax equivalent basis.

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Mortgage-backed securities are securities that have been developed by pooling a number of real estate mortgages which are principally issued by federal agencies such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac. Unlike U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities, which have a lump sum payment at maturity, mortgage-backed securities provide cash flows from regular principal and interest payments and principal prepayments throughout the lives of the securities. Premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities are amortized and accreted over the expected life of the security and may be impacted by prepayments. As such, mortgage-backed securities which are purchased at a premium will generally produce decreasing net yields as interest rates drop because homeowners tend to refinance their mortgages, resulting in prepayments and an acceleration of premium amortization. Securities purchased at a discount will reflect higher net yields in a decreasing interest rate environment, as prepayments result in an acceleration of discount accretion.

The contractual maturity of mortgage-backed securities is not a reliable indicator of their expected lives because borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations at any time. Monthly pay downs on mortgage-backed securities cause the average lives of these securities to be much different than their stated lives. At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, 88.5% and 72.3% of the residential mortgage-backed securities held by us had contractual final maturities of more than ten years, with a weighted average life of 5.1 years and 5.1 years and a modified duration of 4.2 years and 4.2 years.

Goodwill Impairment Assessment

At September 30, 2025, we performed an interim qualitative analysis and concluded there were no indications that goodwill was impaired. For additional information, see “Goodwill” under "Critical Accounting Policies" in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.

Deposits

Our lending and investing activities are primarily funded by deposits. A variety of deposit accounts are offered with a wide range of interest rates and terms including demand, savings, money market, and time deposits. We rely primarily on competitive pricing policies, convenient locations, comprehensive marketing strategy, and personalized service to attract and retain these deposits.

The following table shows our composition of deposits at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Composition of Deposits

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemSeptember 30,2025AmountSeptember 30,2025Percentof TotalDecember 31,2024AmountDecember 31,2024Percentof Total
Non-interest-bearing demand$1,147,20122.5%$954,06521.8%
Interest-bearing demand1,100,62121.6%1,172,57726.8%
Savings and money market1,782,00435.0%1,511,62034.6%
Time1,064,94320.9%736,52716.8%
Total deposits$5,094,769100.0%$4,374,789100.0%

Total deposits at September 30, 2025, were $5.09 billion, an increase of $720.0 million, or 16.5%, compared to total deposits of $4.37 billion at December 31, 2024. Total deposits excluding brokered deposits of $152.5 million and deposits from the NBC merger of $806.0 million at September 30, 2025, and $125.1 million at December 31, 2024, decreased $113.4 million or 2.6%. The decrease in deposits was primarily driven by a $200.0 million or 17.0% decrease in interest bearing demand deposits, partially offset by an increase of $74.8 million or 10.2% in time deposits. The decline in interest-bearing demand deposits is primarily due to seasonality of municipal deposits.

The following table shows deposits acquired in 2025, as of the time of the acquisition.

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Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemNBC AcquisitionAmountNBC AcquisitionPercentof Total
Non-interest-bearing demand$236,12429.3%
Interest-bearing demand203,32425.2%
Savings and money market213,05026.4%
Time153,50919.1%
Total deposits$806,007100.0%

The following tables show deposit acquired in 2024, as of the time of each acquisition.

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemRockhold AcquisitionAmountRockhold AcquisitionPercentof Total
Non-interest-bearing demand$97,59327.9%
Interest-bearing demand124,76035.7%
Savings and money market94,73127.1%
Time32,6939.3%
Total deposits$349,777100.0%
KansasLand Acquisition
AmountPercentof Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-interest-bearing demand$6,43915.2%
Interest-bearing demand5,01111.8%
Savings and money market14,31433.7%
Time16,65439.3%
Total deposits$42,418100.0%

Equity Bank participates in the Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) service that allows the Bank to break large non-time deposits into smaller amounts and place them in a network of other ICS banks to ensure FDIC insurance coverage on the entire deposit. These deposits are placed through ICS services but are Equity Bank’s customer relationships that management views as core funding. The Bank also participates in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) program. CDARS allows the bank to break large time deposits into smaller amounts and place them in a network of other CDARS banks to ensure FDIC insurance coverage on the entire deposit. Reciprocal deposits are not considered brokered deposits as long as the aggregate balance is less than the lesser of 20% of total liabilities or $5.0 billion and Equity Bank is well capitalized and well rated. All non-reciprocal deposits and reciprocal deposits in excess of regulatory limits are considered brokered deposits.

The following table lists reciprocal and brokered deposits included in total deposits categorized by type at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Interest-bearing demandSeptember 30,2025(Dollars in thousands)December 31,2024(Dollars in thousands)
Reciprocal$418,101$469,551
Non-reciprocal brokered75,115
Total interest-bearing demand418,101544,666
Savings and money market
Reciprocal133,241100,596
Non-reciprocal brokered2,408
Total savings and money market135,649100,596
Time
Reciprocal29,21335,393
Non-reciprocal brokered150,08049,998
Total time179,29385,391
Total reciprocal and brokered deposits$733,043$730,653

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The following table provides information on the maturity distribution of time deposits of $250 thousand or more as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Line itemSeptember 30,2025December 31,2024ChangePercent Change
(Dollars in thousands)
3 months or less$95,692$69,637$26,05537.4%
Over 3 through 6 months120,928200,049(79,121)(39.6
Over 6 through 12 months163,04913,799149,2501081.6%
Over 12 months105,18952,08053,109102.0%
Total Time Deposits$484,858$335,565$149,29344.5%

Other Borrowed Funds

We utilize borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investing activities. Short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings include federal funds purchased and retail repurchase agreements, FHLB advances, Federal Reserve Bank borrowings, a bank stock loan, and subordinated debt. For additional information see “NOTE 7 – BORROWINGS” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The following tables disclose average balances as a percentage of total average assets as of the time periods listed.

Line itemFor the three months endedSeptember 30, 2025For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2024
Source of funds
Deposits
Non-interest bearing19.16%18.56%
Interest-bearing demand19.71%20.95%
Savings and MMDA27.55%28.15%
Time deposits15.82%14.47%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances2.76%4.86%
Subordinated borrowings1.41%1.87%
Other borrowings0.77%0.87%
Other liabilities1.06%0.94%
Member's equity11.76%9.33%
Total100.00%100.00%
Uses of Funds
Loans receivable69.81%66.76%
Taxable securities14.39%19.14%
Non-taxable securities0.66%1.16%
Federal funds sold and other6.76%3.85%
Other real estate owned0.07%0.06%
Property plant and equipment2.22%2.22%
Other non-interest earnings assets6.09%6.81%
Total100.00%100.00%

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Line itemFor the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2025For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2024
Source of funds
Deposits
Non-interest bearing18.22%18.49%
Interest-bearing demand20.08%20.97%
Savings and MMDA27.65%27.94%
Time deposits14.84%14.77%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances3.94%4.30%
Federal Reserve Bank discount window borrowings0.80%
Subordinated borrowings1.69%1.87%
Other borrowings0.83%0.97%
Other liabilities0.94%0.88%
Member's equity11.81%9.01%
Total100.00%100.00%
Uses of Funds
Loans receivable69.45%66.79%
Taxable securities16.47%19.39%
Non-taxable securities0.91%1.17%
Federal funds sold and other4.94%4.09%
Other real estate owned0.08%0.04%
Property plant and equipment2.20%2.23%
Other non-interest earnings assets5.95%6.29%
Total100.00%100.00%

Market and public confidence in our financial strength and financial institutions in general will largely determine access to appropriate levels of liquidity. This confidence is significantly dependent on our ability to maintain sound asset quality and appropriate levels of capital reserves.

Liquidity is defined as the ability to meet anticipated customer demands for future funds under credit commitments and deposit withdrawals at a reasonable cost and on a timely basis. We measure our liquidity position by considering both on and off-balance sheet sources of and demands for funds on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis.

Liquidity risk involves the risk of being unable to fund assets with the appropriate duration and rate-based liabilities, as well as the risk of not being able to meet unexpected cash needs. Liquidity planning and management are necessary to ensure the ability to fund operations in a cost-effective manner and to meet current and future potential obligations such as loan commitments, lease obligations, and unexpected deposit outflows. In this process, we focus on both assets and liabilities, and the way they combine to provide adequate liquidity to meet our needs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, our liquidity needs have primarily been met by core deposits, security and loan maturities, and amortizing security and loan portfolios. Other funding sources include federal funds purchased, brokered certificates of deposit, borrowings from the FHLB, and Federal Reserve Bank borrowings.

Our largest sources of funds are deposits and FHLB borrowings and our largest uses of funds are loan fundings, securities purchases and debt servicing. Average loans were $3.82 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of 11.0% over the December 31, 2024, average balance. Excess deposits are primarily invested in our interest-bearing deposit account with the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, investment securities, federal funds sold or other short-term liquid investments until the funds are needed to fund loan growth. Our securities portfolio has a weighted average life of 5.1 years and a modified duration of 4.2 years at September 30, 2025.

Cash and cash equivalents were $669.4 million at September 30, 2025, an increase of $315.7 million from the $383.7 million cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2024. The majority of our liquidity comes from our operations, including net income, supplemented by the repayment of principal on loans and investment securities through payoffs, paydowns and normal amortization. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we repositioned the investment portfolio which resulted in $696.6 million inflow from the sales and call of available-for-sale securities offset by $541.3 million for the purchase of

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available-for-sale securities, this resulted in a $53.3 million dollar loss, which was a non-cash loss. From time to time as conditions warrant, we borrow funds to maintain our liquidity requirement and fund operational needs. We believe that our daily funding needs can be met through cash provided by operating activities, payments and maturities on loans and investment securities, the core deposit base and FHLB advances and other borrowing relationships.

Off-Balance-Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments.

Standby and Performance Letters of Credit: For additional information see “NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statement.

Commitments to Extend Credit: For additional information see “NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statement.

Capital Resources

Capital management consists of providing equity to support our current and future operations. The federal bank regulators view capital levels as important indicators of an institution’s financial soundness. As a general matter, FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they hold. As a financial holding company and a state-chartered-Fed-member bank, the Company and Equity Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements.

Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. Management believes as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company and Equity Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized; although, these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as are asset growth and acquisitions, and capital restoration plans are required.

Failure to meet capital guidelines could subject the institution to a variety of enforcement remedies by federal bank regulatory agencies, including termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC, restrictions on certain business activities and appointment of the FDIC as conservator or receiver. As of September 30, 2025, the most recent notifications from the federal regulatory agencies categorized Equity Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, Equity Bank must maintain minimum Total capital, Tier 1 capital, Common Equity Tier 1 capital, and Tier 1 leverage ratios. For additional information, see “NOTE 9 – REGULATORY MATTERS” in the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed Equity Bank’s category.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We identify certain financial measures discussed in this Quarterly Report as being “non-GAAP financial measures.” In accordance with SEC’s rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in our statements of income, balance sheet or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios, or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures or both.

The non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this Quarterly Report should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the way

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we calculate the non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this Quarterly Report may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names. You should understand how such other banking organizations calculate their financial measures similar to, or with names like, the non-GAAP financial measures we have discussed in this Quarterly Report when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures.

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share and Tangible Book Value Per Diluted Common Share: Tangible book value is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate: (a) tangible common equity as total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock, goodwill, core deposit intangibles (net of accumulated amortization), and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization); (b) tangible book value per common share as tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)) divided by shares of common stock outstanding; and (c) tangible book value per diluted common share as tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)) divided by diluted shares of common stock outstanding. For tangible book value, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is book value.

Management believes that these measures are important to many investors interested in changes from period to period in book value per common share exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing total book value while not increasing our tangible book value.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity, tangible book value per common share, and tangible book value per diluted common share and compares these values with book value per common share.

Dollars in thousands, except per share data

View SEC source
Line itemAs of the Period EndedSeptember 30,2025As of the Period EndedJune 30,2025As of the Period EndedMarch 31,2025As of the Period EndedDecember 31,2024As of the Period EndedSeptember 30,2024
Total stockholders’ equity$711,892$635,636$617,324$592,918$504,038
Goodwill(77,573)(53,101)(53,101)(53,101)(53,101)
Core deposit intangibles, net(22,895)(12,908)(13,924)(14,969)(16,029)
Naming rights, net(5,778)(5,852)(5,926)(957)(968)
Tangible common equity$605,646$563,775$544,373$523,891$433,940
Common shares issued at period end19,111,08417,527,19117,522,99417,419,85815,288,309
Diluted common shares outstanding at period end19,279,74117,680,48917,652,11017,636,84315,497,446
Book value per common share$37.25$36.27$35.23$34.04$32.97
Tangible book value per common share$31.69$32.17$31.07$30.07$28.38
Tangible book value per diluted common share$31.41$31.89$30.84$29.70$28.00

Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets: Tangible common equity to tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate (a) tangible common equity as total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock, goodwill, core deposit intangibles (net of accumulated amortization), and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization); (b) tangible assets as total assets less goodwill, core deposit intangibles (net of accumulated amortization), and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization); and (c) tangible common equity to tangible assets as tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)) divided by tangible assets (as described in clause (b)). For tangible common equity to tangible assets, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is total stockholders’ equity to total assets.

Management believes that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace interested in the relative changes from period to period in common equity and total assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing both total stockholders’ equity and total assets while not increasing tangible common equity or tangible assets.

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The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets.

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemAs of the Period EndedSeptember 30,2025As of the Period EndedJune 30,2025As of the Period EndedMarch 31,2025As of the Period EndedDecember 31,2024As of the Period EndedSeptember 30,2024
Total stockholders’ equity$711,892$635,636$617,324$592,918$504,038
Goodwill(77,573)(53,101)(53,101)(53,101)(53,101)
Core deposit intangibles, net(22,895)(12,908)(13,924)(14,969)(16,029)
Naming rights, net(5,778)(5,852)(5,926)(957)(968)
Tangible common equity$605,646$563,775$544,373$523,891$433,940
Total assets$6,365,631$5,373,837$5,446,100$5,332,047$5,355,233
Goodwill(77,573)(53,101)(53,101)(53,101)(53,101)
Core deposit intangibles, net(22,895)(12,908)(13,924)(14,969)(16,029)
Naming rights, net(5,778)(5,852)(5,926)(957)(968)
Tangible assets$6,259,385$5,301,976$5,373,149$5,263,020$5,285,135
Equity to assets11.18%11.83%11.34%11.12%9.41%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets9.68%10.63%10.13%9.95%8.21%

Core Return on Average Equity: Core return on average equity is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate: (a) average tangible common equity as total average stockholders’ equity less average intangible assets and preferred stock; (b) core net income allocable to common stockholders as net income allocable to common stockholders less net gain on acquisition, less gain(loss) on securities transactions, plus loss on debt extinguishment, plus merger expenses, plus BOLI tax expense, plus goodwill impairment, net of actual tax effect, plus amortization of intangible assets less estimated tax effect on adjustments (tax rates used in this calculation were 21% for 2025 and 2024) (c) core return on average equity as core net income allocable to common stockholders (as described in clause (b)) divided by a simple average of net income and core net income plus average stockholders' equity. For return on average equity, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is return on average equity.

Return on Average Tangible Common Equity: Return on average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate: (a) average tangible common equity as total average stockholders’ equity less average intangible assets and preferred stock; (b) core net income allocable to common stockholders as net income allocable to common stockholders plus goodwill impairment, net of actual tax effect, plus amortization of intangible assets less estimated tax effect on amortization of intangible assets (tax rates used in this calculation were 21% for 2025 and 2024) (c) return on average tangible common equity as core net income allocable to common stockholders (as described in clause (b)) divided by average tangible common equity (as described in clause (a)). For return on average tangible common equity, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is return on average equity.

Management believes that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace because it measures the return on equity, exclusive of the effects of intangible assets on earnings and capital. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing average stockholders’ equity and, through amortization, decreasing net income allocable to common stockholders while not increasing average tangible common equity or decreasing core net income allocable to common stockholders.

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The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total average stockholders’ equity to average equity and net income allocable to common stockholders to core net income allocable to common stockholders.

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemFor the Three Months EndedSeptember 30,2025For the Three Months EndedJune 30,2025For the Three Months EndedMarch 31,2025For the Three Months EndedDecember 31,2024For the Three Months EndedSeptember 30,2024
Total average stockholders’ equity$715,319$627,103$605,917$533,227$485,468
Average intangible assets(95,046)(72,406)(72,389)(69,570)(70,824)
Average tangible common equity$620,273$554,697$533,528$463,657$414,644
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders$(29,663)$15,264$15,041$16,986$19,851
Amortization of intangible assets1,3121,1451,1441,0711,148
Net gain on acquisition(831)
Net (gain) loss on securities transactions53,352(12)(12)2(206)
Merger expenses6,16335566618
Loss on debt extinguishment1,361
Day 2 Merger provision6,228
Tax effect(14,082)(598)(252)(225)(153)
Core net income allocable to common stockholders$23,310$17,515$15,987$17,834$20,427
Return on total average stockholders’ equity (ROAE) annualized(16.459.76%10.07%12.67%16.27%
Core return on average equity12.47%11.18%10.69%13.29%16.73%
Return on average tangible common equity (ROATCE) annualized(18.3111.69%12.12%15.30%19.92%
Core return on average tangible common equity (CROATCE) annualized14.30%12.64%12.14%15.29%19.58%

Core income calculations: Core income calculations are a non-GAAP measure that management believes is an effective alternative measure of how efficiently the company utilizes its asset base. Core income is calculated by adjusting GAAP income by non-core gains and losses and excluding non-core expenses, net of tax, as outlined in the table below. We calculate (a) core net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders plus merger expenses, tax effected non-core items, goodwill impairment and BOLI tax adjustment, less gain (loss) from securities transactions; (b) adjusted operating net income as net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders plus adjusted non-core items, tax effected non-core items and BOLI tax adjustments.

Core Net Income and Earnings Per Share: Core net income and Core earnings per share are non-GAAP financial measures generally used to disclose core net income from the Company's operations and earnings per share. We calculated this by taking GAAP net income less non-core impacts to net income to arrive at core net income and core diluted earnings per share. These financial measures are used by financial statement users to evaluate the core financial performance of the Company. Management believes that these measures are important to many investors who are interested in changes from period to period in the Company's financial performance and quality of earnings.

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The following table reconciles as of the dates set forth below, core net income and earnings per share and compares them to GAAP net income and earnings per share.

Dollars in thousands, except per share data

View SEC source
Line itemFor the Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2025For the Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025For the Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2025For the Three Months Ended · December 312024For the Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2024
Net income (loss) allocable to common stockholders$(29,663)$15,264$15,041$16,986$19,851
Amortization of intangible assets$1,312$1,145$1,144$1,071$1,148
Tax effect of adjustments(276)(240)(240)(225)(241)
Adjusted non-core items(28,627)16,16915,94517,83220,758
Net gain on acquisitions(831)
Gain (loss) from securities transactions53,352(12)(12)2(206)
Loss on debt extinguishment1,361
Merger expense6,16335566618
Day 2 Merger provision6,228
Tax effect of adjustments(13,806)(358)(12)88
Adjusted operating net income$23,310$17,515$15,987$17,834$20,427
GAAP earnings (loss) per diluted share$(1.55)$0.86$0.85$1.04$1.28
Core earnings (loss) per diluted share$1.22$0.99$0.90$1.10$1.32
Total average assets$6,085,064$5,206,950$5,212,417$5,163,166$5,205,017
Total average stockholder's equity$715,319$627,103$605,917$533,227$485,468
Weighted average diluted common shares19,129,72617,651,29817,666,83416,262,96515,451,545
Return on Average Assets (ROAA) annualized-1.93%1.18%1.17%1.31%1.52%
Core Operating ROAA annualized1.51%1.35%1.24%1.37%1.56%

Efficiency Ratio: The efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate the efficiency ratio by dividing non-interest expense, excluding goodwill impairment, merger expenses and loss on debt extinguishment, by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income, excluding net gains on the sale of available-for-sale securities and other securities transactions, and the net gain on acquisition. The GAAP-based efficiency ratio is non-interest expense less goodwill impairment, divided by net interest income plus non-interest income.

In management’s judgment, the adjustments made to non-interest expense and non-interest income allow investors and analysts to better assess operating expenses in relation to operating revenue by removing merger expenses, loss on debt extinguishment, net gains on the sale of available-for-sale securities and other securities transactions, and the net gain on acquisition.

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The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, the efficiency ratio to the GAAP-based efficiency ratio.

Dollars in thousands

View SEC source
Line itemFor the Three Months EndedSeptember 30,2025For the Three Months EndedJune 30,2025For the Three Months EndedMarch 31,2025For the Three Months EndedDecember 31,2024For the Three Months EndedSeptember 30,2024
Non-interest expense$49,082$40,001$39,050$37,806$30,328
Merger expense(6,163)(355)(66)(618)
Loss on debt extinguishment(1,361)
Amortization of intangibles assets(1,312)(1,145)(1,144)(1,071)(1,148)
Non-interest expense$41,607$37,140$37,840$36,735$28,562
Net interest income$62,485$49,802$50,292$49,473$46,031
Non-interest income$(44,479)$8,589$10,330$8,816$9,317
Net gain on acquisition and branch sales(831)
Net gain (loss) from securities transactions53,352(12)(12)2(206)
Non-interest income, excluding net gain (loss) from securities transactions and net gain on acquisition and branch sales$8,873$8,577$10,318$8,818$8,280
Net interest income plus non-interest income, excluding net gain on acquisition and branch sales and net gain (loss) from securities transactions$71,358$58,379$60,610$58,291$54,311
Non-interest expense to net interest income plus non-interest income272.59%68.51%64.42%64.86%54.80%
Efficiency Ratio58.31%63.62%62.43%63.02%52.59%
Total Average Assets$6,085,064$5,206,950$5,212,417$5,163,166$5,205,017
Core non-interest expense / Average assets2.71%2.86%2.94%2.83%2.18%

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our asset-liability policy provides guidelines for effective funds management and management has established a measurement system for monitoring net interest rate sensitivity position within established guidelines.

As a financial institution, the primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most assets and liabilities and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short-term maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic gains or losses due to future interest rate changes. These changes can be reflected in future net interest income and/or fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income (“NII”) and economic value of equity (“EVE”) and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.

We manage interest rate exposure by structuring the balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We have the ability to enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, interest rate swaps, financial options, financial futures contracts or forward delivery contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. Currently, we do not have a material exposure to these instruments. We also have the ability to enter into interest rate swaps as an accommodation to our customers in connection with an interest rate swap program. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”), which is composed of certain members of senior management, in accordance with policies approved by the Board of Directors. ALCO formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, ALCO considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies,

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liquidity, business strategies and other factors. ALCO meets monthly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, securities purchased and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investment securities and borrowings. Additionally, the ALCO reviews liquidity, projected cash flows, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity.

ALCO uses a simulation analysis to monitor and manage the pricing and maturity of assets and liabilities in order to diminish the potential adverse impact that changes in interest rates could have on net interest income. The simulation tests the sensitivity of NII and EVE. Contractual maturities and repricing opportunities of loans are incorporated in the simulation model as are prepayment assumptions, maturity data and call options within the investment securities portfolio. Assumptions based on past experience are incorporated into the model for non-maturity deposit accounts. All assumptions are as of the base period without consideration of preceding market rate changes and any lag in impact to NII. The depicted expectations are management's estimate exclusive of any non-contractual lagging impacts that have not yet been realized in income from preceding changes to interest rates. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure the future NII and EVE. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

The change in the impact of net interest income from the base case for September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, was primarily driven by the rate and mix of variable and fixed rate financial instruments, the underlying duration of the financial instruments and the level of response to changes in the interest rate environment.

The increase in the level of positive impact to net interest income in the up interest rate shock scenarios is due to the level of adjustable rate loans receivable that will reprice to higher interest rates, non-term deposits that will adjust to higher rates, the use of derivatives to hedge borrowing costs, and increased levels of cash on the balance sheet compared to December 31, 2024. These factors result in an overall positive impact to net interest income at September 30, 2025, as compared to the level of impact from December 31, 2024, simulation as detailed in the table below. In the down interest rate shock scenario, the main drivers of the negative impact on net interest income are the downward pricing of variable rate loans receivable, the level of term deposit repricing and the assumed prepayment and scheduled repayment of existing fixed rate loans receivable and fixed rate investments.

The change in the economic value of equity from the base case for September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, is due to being in a liability sensitive position and the level of convexity in our pre-payable assets. Generally, with a liability sensitive position, as interest rates increase, the value of your assets decrease faster than the value of liabilities and, as interest rates decrease, the value of your assets increase at a faster rate than liabilities. Due to the level of convexity in our fixed rate pre-payable assets, we do not experience as significant a change in the value of assets in a down interest rate shock scenario, mitigating the impact of liability sensitive balance sheet on economic value of equity. The mix of interest-bearing deposit and non-interest-bearing deposits impact the level of deposit decay and the resulting benefit of discounting from the non-interest-bearing deposits. At September 30, 2025, non-interest-bearing deposits were approximately $41.2 million, or 4.3%, lower than that deposit type at December 31, 2024. Additionally, substantially all investments and approximately 37.0% of loans are pre-payable and fixed rate and as rates decrease the level of modeled prepayments increase. The prepaid principal is assumed to reprice at the assumed current rates, resulting in a smaller positive impact to the economic value of equity.

Management utilizes static balance sheet rate shocks to estimate the potential impact on various rate scenarios. This analysis estimates a percentage of change in the metric from the stable rate base scenario versus alternative scenarios of rising and falling market interest rates by instantaneously shocking a static balance sheet. The following table summarizes the simulated immediate change in net interest income for twelve months as of the dates indicated.

Market Risk

Change in prevailing interest ratesImpact on Net Interest IncomeSeptember 30,2025Impact on Net Interest IncomeDecember 31,2024
+300 basis points14.7%11.9%
+200 basis points9.8%7.9%
+100 basis points4.8%3.9%
0 basis points
-100 basis points(2.6(2.4
-200 basis points(5.1(4.9
-300 basis points(7.9(8.1

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The following table summarizes the simulated immediate impact on economic value of equity as of the dates indicated.

Change in prevailing interest ratesImpact on Economic Valueof EquitySeptember 30,2025Impact on Economic Valueof EquityDecember 31,2024
+300 basis points(4.0(6.5
+200 basis points(2.5(4.2
+100 basis points(1.2(2.4
0 basis points
-100 basis points(1.30.3%
-200 basis points(4.4(1.5
-300 basis points(9.3(5.1

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC rules and forms.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. See “NOTE 13 – LEGAL MATTERS” of the Condensed Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 1 to this Quarterly report for a complete discussion of litigation matters.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchase of Common Stock

On September 11, 2025, the Board of Directors of Equity Bancshares authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of outstanding common stock beginning on October 1, 2025 and concluding on September 30, 2026. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific dollar amount or number of shares, and may be extended. modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Non-objection from the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City related to this repurchase plan was received on September 23, 2025. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 175,732 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock at an average price of $37.14 per share. At September 30, 2025, there are 867,168 shares remaining under the program that expired on September 30, 2025.

DateTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2025 through July 31, 202550,400$37.6450,400942,100
August 1, 2025 through August 31, 2025125,332$36.94125,332816,768
September 1, 2025 through September 30, 2025816,768
Total175,732$37.14175,732816,768

Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5: Other Information

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company's directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933).

Item 6: Exhibits

Exhibit No. Description

2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated August 29, 2025, by and among Equity Bancshares, Inc., Winston Merger Sub, Inc., and Frontier Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Equity Bancshare's, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 2, 2025).

31.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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31.2* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1** Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2** Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document). 101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

  • Filed herewith.

** These exhibits are furnished herewith and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

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