Cullinan Therapeutics, Inc. CGEM Form 10-Q filing Q2 FY2026

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CULLINAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

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Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Organization

Cullinan Therapeutics, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries ("Cullinan" or "the Company"), is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing disease-modifying T cell engagers for autoimmune diseases and cancer that was incorporated in September 2016 and has a principal place of business in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Liquidity

The Company has a history of significant operating losses and has had negative cash flows from operations since its inception and expects to continue to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future. Cullinan’s ultimate success depends on the outcome of its research and development activities as well as its ability to commercialize the Company’s product candidates. Cullinan is subject to a number of risks including, but not limited to, the need to obtain adequate additional funding for the ongoing and planned clinical development of its product candidates. Due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with pharmaceutical development, government regulation, potential commercialization, intellectual property, and our reliance on third parties, the Company is unable to accurately predict the timing or amount of funds required to complete development of its product candidates, and costs could exceed Cullinan’s expectations for a number of reasons, including reasons beyond the Company’s control.

Since inception, Cullinan has funded its operations primarily through the sale of equity securities and from licensing or selling the rights to its product candidates. The Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $334.5 million, and long-term investments and interest receivable of $21.4 million as of June 30, 2026, will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and include the accounts of Cullinan and its consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of Cullinan’s management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, and necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The preparation of these unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (the "2025 10-K").

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cullinan’s significant accounting policies have not changed materially from those disclosed in its annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in the 2025 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to improve disclosures regarding the types of expenses included in commonly presented expense captions, including disaggregating the amounts of employee compensation, depreciation and amortization included within each income statement expense caption. This standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Cullinan will adopt this standard on January 1, 2027 for 2027 annual reporting and interim periods beginning in 2028 and is evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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Financial Instruments

Investments

The following table summarizes Cullinan’s investments by security type at June 30, 2026 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes Cullinan’s investments by security type at December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

All of the Company's long-term investments as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 had maturities between one and two years from the respective balance sheet dates. The Company did not record any allowances for credit losses relating to its investments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table sets forth the fair value of Cullinan’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2026 (in thousands):

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The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair values of Cullinan's cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximated their carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

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License and Collaboration Agreements

Genrix License Agreement

In June 2025, the Company and Chongqing Genrix Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Genrix”) entered into a license agreement (the “Genrix License Agreement”), pursuant to which Genrix granted Cullinan a global (excluding mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan), exclusive license to develop and commercialize velinotamig, a BCMAxCD3 T cell engager, in all fields of use.

Under the terms of the Genrix License Agreement, Cullinan paid Genrix an upfront license fee of $20.0 million. Genrix will be eligible to receive up to $292.0 million in milestone payments based on the achievement of development and regulatory milestones. Genrix is also eligible to receive up to an additional $400.0 million in net sales-based milestones as well as tiered royalties ranging from mid-single digit to mid-teens, as a percentage of net sales of licensed products.

Unless earlier terminated, the Genrix License Agreement will continue in effect on a country-by-country basis until the expiration of Cullinan’s royalty obligations in such country. The Genrix License Agreement may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other party, subject to notice and cure provisions, or in the event of the other party’s insolvency. Additionally, subject to a notice period, Cullinan may terminate the Genrix License Agreement for convenience. In the Genrix License Agreement, each party made customary representations and warranties and agreed to customary covenants, including, without limitation, with respect to indemnification, for transactions of this type.

Cullinan evaluated the Genrix License Agreement and determined that the exclusive license to develop and commercialize velinotamig represented an asset acquisition of in-process research and development. The Company also determined that the asset had no alternative future use at the time of acquisition, and therefore, the upfront license fee of $20.0 million was recorded within research and development expenses in June 2025. As of June 30, 2026, no milestone obligations have been incurred under the Genrix License Agreement.

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Taiho Agreements

Cullinan has a co-development agreement with an affiliate of Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ("Taiho"), pursuant to which the Company is collaborating to develop zipalertinib for the treatment of a genetically defined subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (“NSCLC”), and Taiho will commercialize zipalertinib. For the agreed-upon indication, Taiho and Cullinan share development costs equally, and each party will receive 50% of any future pre-tax profits from potential U.S. sales of zipalertinib, subject to certain adjustments. For any additional indications that Taiho chooses to develop independently, Taiho will bear all development costs until it has sufficient data from such indication to support a commercial purpose or submission of zipalertinib for such indication. At such time, 50% of Taiho’s independent development costs, subject to certain adjustments, will be deducted from future pre-tax profits for potential U.S. sales of zipalertinib. In November 2025, Taiho independently initiated an ongoing global Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating zipalertinib in an additional indication.

The Company concluded that the co-development agreement with Taiho is a collaborative arrangement because Cullinan is an active participant in both the development of zipalertinib and the oversight of commercialization for zipalertinib. Amounts due to or from Taiho for zipalertinib development activities after the execution of the co-development agreement are recorded within research and development expenses or general and administrative expenses based on the nature of the activity. The following table summarizes each party’s respective share of costs incurred and paid by the other party for zipalertinib development activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

Under a separate agreement, Cullinan is also eligible to receive up to $130.0 million from Taiho tied to epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 non-small cell lung cancer U.S. regulatory milestones. As of June 30, 2026, no milestone payments have been received under this agreement.

Other License and Collaboration Agreements

The Company has certain payment obligations that are contingent upon future events under various other license and collaboration agreements. Under these agreements, Cullinan will be required to make milestone payments upon successful completion and achievement of certain intellectual property, clinical, regulatory, and sales milestones and will be required to make royalty payments in connection with the sale of products developed under these agreements. During each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, no milestone obligations were incurred under the Company’s other license and collaboration agreements.

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Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock

Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote and to receive dividends when and if declared by the board of directors of the Company. No dividends have been declared through June 30, 2026.

At-the-Market Equity Offering Program

In April 2026, Cullinan entered into a sales agreement with TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD Cowen”) to continue its at-the-market equity offering program, pursuant to which the Company can offer and sell up to $200.0 million of its common stock through TD Cowen at prevailing market prices from time to time. The Company made no sales under the ATM through June 30, 2026.

Preferred Stock

Each share of preferred stock is convertible into ten shares of common stock at the option of the holder at any time, subject to certain limitations, including that the holder is prohibited from converting preferred stock into common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own a number of shares of common stock more than 9.99% of the total common stock then issued and outstanding immediately following the conversion of such shares of preferred stock. Holders of the preferred stock are permitted to increase this percentage to an amount not to exceed 19.99% upon 60 days' notice.

Shares of preferred stock generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the consent of a majority of the holders of the outstanding preferred stock will be required to amend the terms of the preferred stock. In the event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of preferred stock will participate pari passu with any distribution of proceeds to holders of common stock. Holders of preferred stock are entitled to receive when, as, and if dividends are declared and paid on the common stock, an equivalent dividend, calculated on an as-converted basis. Shares of preferred stock are otherwise not entitled to dividends.

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The preferred stock ranks (i) senior to any class or series of capital stock of Cullinan created specifically ranking by its terms junior to the preferred stock; (ii) on parity with the common stock and any class or series of capital stock of the Company created specifically ranking by its terms on parity with the preferred stock; and (iii) junior to any class or series of capital stock of Cullinan created specifically ranking by its terms senior to any preferred stock, in each case, as to distributions of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.

The Company determined that the preferred stock should be classified as permanent equity.

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Equity-Based Compensation

Cullinan recorded equity-based compensation in the following expense categories in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

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Commitments and Contingencies

The Company enters into contracts in the normal course of business with contract research organizations, contract manufacturing organizations, and other third parties for preclinical research studies, clinical trials and testing and manufacturing services. These agreements generally include cancellation clauses.

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, Cullinan may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its board of directors and executive officers that will require Cullinan, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in certain cases, unlimited. To date, Cullinan has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications. The Company is not aware of any indemnification arrangements that could have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and it has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Legal Proceedings

Cullinan is not currently party to, or aware of, any material legal proceedings. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. Cullinan expenses the costs related to such legal proceedings in the period in which the costs are incurred.

Royalty Transfer Agreements

The Company's CLN-049 development subsidiary is party to royalty transfer agreements with two charitable foundations. Under these royalty transfer agreements, the charitable foundations are collectively entitled to receive a low single digit royalty percentage of all global net sales of any products developed by the development subsidiary, subject to limitations after patent expirations and on intellectual property developed after a change of control. Cullinan has deemed these royalty transfer agreements to be freestanding financial instruments that should be accounted for at fair value. The Company concluded that these instruments had no value at the inception of the agreements.

Cullinan has not had any applicable net sales from its products and as a result, has not paid or incurred any royalties under these agreements as of June 30, 2026. Given the early-stage nature of the underlying technologies and inherent risks associated with obtaining regulatory approval and achieving commercialization, the Company ascribed no value to the royalty transfer agreements as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

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Leases

Cullinan has an operating lease for approximately 14,000 square feet of office space in a multi-tenant building in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which commenced in August 2022 and expires in September 2028. Lease expense consisted of operating lease costs of $0.3 million in each of the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Lease expense consisted of operating lease costs of $0.6 million in each of the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.

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The following table summarizes supplemental cash flow information for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the Company’s future minimum lease payments as of June 30, 2026 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

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Net Loss per Share

The Company computes net loss per share for its common stock and preferred stock using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock. The two-class method is an earnings (loss) allocation method under which earnings (loss) per share is calculated for each class of common stock.

The following tables set forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands, except per share data):

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Cullinan used the treasury stock method for equity awards and the if-converted method for preferred stock to determine the number of dilutive shares outstanding in each period. The following table sets forth potential common shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders of Cullinan for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

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Segment Reporting

The Company operates and manages the business as one operating segment, which is the business of developing immunology and oncology therapies. Cullinan has determined that its Chief Executive Officer is the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). Cullinan’s CODM reviews financial information on an aggregate basis and uses net loss as presented in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

Financial information of the Company’s reportable segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 is as follows (in thousands):

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Other segment expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 include legal fees relating to patent and corporate matters; professional fees for accounting, auditing, tax, and administrative consulting services; insurance costs; marketing expenses; depreciation; and other operating costs.

All of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the U.S. as of each of June 30, 2026 and 2025. There were no expenditures for long-lived assets in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. Expenditures for additions to long-lived assets included purchases of property and equipment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “2025 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 10, 2026. This discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements regarding our plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and projections. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Please also refer to those factors described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our 2025 10-K and "Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company developing potential first- or best-in-class, disease-modifying T cell engagers for autoimmune diseases and cancer. We pursue promising therapeutic targets while leveraging our core expertise in T cell engagers, which are established in oncology and are now advancing into autoimmune diseases. With a clinical-stage pipeline built on a rigorous scientific approach and purposeful innovation, we are advancing our mission to deliver new standards of care for patients.

Immunology Pipeline

• CLN-978 is a CD19xCD3 T cell engager that we are developing for rheumatic diseases driven by pathogenic B cells. In the Phase 1 OUTRACE Program, CLN-978 is being evaluated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (“SLE”), rheumatoid arthritis (“RA”), and Sjögren’s disease (“SjD”). The OUTRACE SLE Study is an ongoing global Phase 1 clinical trial in patients with treatment-refractory moderate to severe SLE. The OUTRACE RA Study is a Phase 1 clinical trial in patients with difficult-to-treat RA, which is ongoing in Europe. We shared initial clinical data in patients with SLE and RA in a poster presentation at the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (“EULAR”) European Congress of Rheumatology and additional clinical data, including initial multi-dose regimen data in patients with RA, at an investor event in June 2026. We also plan to share additional multi-dose regimen data in patients with RA and SLE in the third and fourth quarters of 2026, respectively, and expect to begin Phase 2 expansion in both disease areas by early 2027. The OUTRACE SjD Study is an ongoing global Phase 1 clinical trial in patients with treatment-refractory moderate to severe Sjögren’s disease. We plan to share initial clinical data in patients with Sjögren’s disease in the fourth quarter of 2026.
• Velinotamig is a BCMAxCD3 T cell engager that we are developing for autoimmune diseases driven by pathogenic autoantibodies produced by long-lived plasma cells. Chongqing Genrix Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ("Genrix"), from which we licensed velinotamig, is enrolling a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in China in patients with treatment-refractory autoimmune diseases, initially in patients with moderate to severe SLE. In June 2026, we shared initial clinical observations from two SLE patients with nephritis from the trial. Additional multi-dose regimen data from the trial are expected to be shared in the fourth quarter of 2026. In early 2027, we plan to initiate a global Phase 1/2 basket clinical trial in patients with autoimmune cytopenias, including immune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Oncology Pipeline

• CLN-049 is a FLT3xCD3 T cell engager that we are developing for blood cancers. CLN-049 is being evaluated in an ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia ("AML") or myelodysplastic syndrome (“MDS”). We plan to share a clinical data update from the dose escalation portion of the trial in the fourth quarter of 2026. Following a positive End-of-Phase 1 meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“U.S. FDA”) in July 2026, we will initiate a potentially registrational Phase 2 trial in patients with relapsed/refractory AML in the third quarter of 2026. The study will begin with a dose-optimization phase with seamless progression to a single-arm expansion cohort at the recommended Phase 2 dose. Phase 2 expansion will include a parallel exploratory cohort enrolling previously untreated TP53-mutated AML patients. In the fourth quarter of 2026, we also will initiate a Phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating the combination of CLN-049, venetoclax, and azacitidine as a potential frontline treatment for patients with previously untreated AML.

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• Zipalertinib (CLN-081/TAS6417), on which we are collaborating with an affiliate of Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ("Taiho"), is an orally-available small-molecule, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor ("EGFR") inhibitor that is designed to selectively target cells expressing EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations (“EGFR ex20ins”) with relative sparing of cells expressing wild-type EGFR. In April 2026, the U.S. FDA accepted for review a new drug application (“NDA”) for zipalertinib, supported by data from the pivotal Phase 2b portion of the REZILIENT1 clinical trial, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR ex20ins non-small cell lung cancer (“NSCLC”) whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy, with or without amivantamab. The U.S. FDA assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act target action date of February 27, 2027. Taiho is also evaluating zipalertinib in a Phase 2 parallel cohort trial (“REZILIENT2”) and a global Phase 3 clinical trial (“REZILIENT3”) in combination with chemotherapy as a potential first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic EGFR ex20ins NSCLC adult patients, for which Taiho completed enrollment in February 2026 and expects top-line results by the end of 2026.

Preclinical Programs

In addition to the product candidates described above, we are actively developing several preclinical programs.

Recently Discontinued Programs

CLN-619 is a MICA/B monoclonal antibody that we were previously evaluating in Phase 1 clinical trials. In May 2025, following a review of the CLN-619 data from the disease-specific expansion cohorts for endometrial and cervical cancers, we announced discontinuation of further development of CLN-619 in patients with gynecological cancers as preliminary results did not meet our internal threshold for advancement. In November 2025, after a review of the emerging clinical data in patients with NSCLC and multiple myeloma, we discontinued further development of CLN-619.

CLN-617 is an interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 fusion protein that we were previously evaluating in a Phase 1 clinical trial. In November 2025, after a review of the emerging clinical data in patients with advanced solid tumors, we discontinued further development of CLN-617.

Intellectual Property

We hold worldwide intellectual property rights for CLN-978. We hold worldwide, excluding mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (collectively referred to as “greater China”), intellectual property rights for velinotamig. We hold worldwide intellectual property rights for CLN-049 through a development subsidiary in which we had a 98% ownership interest as of June 30, 2026. We are co-developing zipalertinib, for which Taiho holds intellectual property rights, with an affiliate of Taiho.

Financing and Business Operations

Since our inception in 2016, we have focused all of our efforts and financial resources on raising capital, organizing and staffing our company, identifying, acquiring or in-licensing and developing product and technology rights, establishing and protecting our intellectual property portfolio, and developing and advancing our programs. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales.

We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities and from licensing or selling the rights to our product candidates. As of June 30, 2026, we have received net proceeds of $842.2 million from equity financings. We have received $18.9 million in revenue from a previous license agreement and cash proceeds of $275.0 million from the sale of our equity interest in our former zipalertinib development subsidiary to Taiho.

In April 2026, we entered into a sales agreement with TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD Cowen”) to continue our at-the-market equity offering program (“ATM”), pursuant to which we can offer and sell up to $200.0 million of our common stock through TD Cowen at prevailing market prices from time to time. We made no sales under the ATM through June 30, 2026.

As of June 30, 2026, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $334.5 million, and long-term investments and interest receivable of $21.4 million. Interest receivable is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets and represents accrued and unpaid interest on our marketable securities. We have a history of significant operating losses and have had negative cash flows from operations since our inception. As of June 30, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of $691.5 million. We expect to continue to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future. Our future viability is dependent on the success of our research and development and our ability to access additional capital to fund our operations. There can be no assurance that our current operating plan will be achieved or that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

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We are subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry including, but not limited to, new technological innovations, protection of proprietary technology, dependence on key personnel, reliance on third parties, compliance with government regulations and the ability to obtain additional capital to fund operations. Our current and future product candidates will require significant additional research and development efforts, including preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts require additional capital, adequate personnel and extensive compliance-reporting capabilities. There can be no assurance that our research and development will be successfully completed, that adequate protection for our intellectual property will be obtained, that any products developed will obtain necessary government regulatory approval or that any approved products will be commercially viable.

Global Economic Conditions

As we continue to pursue commercial opportunities in both U.S. and international markets, we remain attentive to evolving global economic conditions, including uncertainties related to international trade policies, tariffs, and supply chain dynamics. Although these factors have not had a material impact on our business to date, future changes in trade regulations or tariff structures could have an impact on our business and operations, including our expenses, supply chain, manufacturing processes, preclinical studies and clinical trials. We continue to monitor these developments closely.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue from the sale of products since our inception.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with the research and development of our product candidates and programs. These expenses include:

• compensation costs for employees engaged in research and development functions;
• expenses incurred under agreements with organizations that support our drug discovery and development activities;
• expenses incurred in connection with the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates and programs, including under agreements with contract research organizations ("CROs");
• costs related to contract manufacturing organizations that are primarily engaged to provide drug substance, raw materials, and drug product for our clinical trials, research and development programs, as well as investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials, nonclinical studies, and other scientific development services;
• the costs of acquiring and manufacturing nonclinical and clinical trial materials, including manufacturing registration and validation batches;
• costs related to compliance with quality and regulatory requirements;
• payments made under third-party licensing agreements; and
• direct and allocated costs related to facilities, information technology, personnel and other overhead.

Pursuant to our co-development agreement, we are collaborating with a Taiho affiliate to develop zipalertinib for the treatment of a genetically defined subset of patients with NSCLC, and Taiho will commercialize zipalertinib. For the agreed-upon indication, Taiho and we share development costs equally, and each party will receive 50% of any future potential pre-tax profits from U.S. sales of zipalertinib. For any additional indications that Taiho chooses to develop independently, Taiho will bear all development costs until it has sufficient data from such indication to support a commercial purpose or submission of zipalertinib for the additional indication. At such time, 50% of Taiho’s independent development costs, subject to certain adjustments, will be deducted from future pre-tax profits for potential U.S. sales of zipalertinib. In November 2025, Taiho independently initiated an ongoing global Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating zipalertinib in an additional indication.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation costs for personnel in executive management, finance, legal, corporate and business development, and other administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include legal fees relating to patent and corporate matters; professional fees for accounting, auditing, tax, and administrative consulting services; insurance costs; administrative travel expenses; marketing expenses; and other operating costs.

Other Income

Other income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and investments.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

The $16.6 million decrease in research and development expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 was primarily due to a one-time upfront in-licensing fee for velinotamig ($20.0 million) paid in 2025, and decreases in chemistry, manufacturing and controls ("CMC") costs ($0.5 million), and personnel related costs ($0.5 million), offset partially by increases in clinical development costs ($4.4 million), and preclinical costs ($0.4 million).

The $15.9 million decrease in research and development expenses in the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 was primarily due to a one-time upfront in-licensing fee for velinotamig ($20.0 million) paid in 2025, and decreases in CMC costs ($0.4 million), and personnel related costs ($0.4 million), offset partially by increases in clinical development costs ($5.2 million).

General and Administrative Expenses

The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

The $2.0 million decrease in general and administrative expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 was primarily due to decreases in equity-based compensation costs of $1.6 million, other professional service costs of $0.3 million, and legal costs of $0.3 million, partially offset by an increase in personnel related costs of $0.3 million.

The $3.9 million decrease in general and administrative expenses in the six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 was primarily due to decreases in equity-based compensation costs of $3.4 million, legal costs of $0.6 million, and other professional service costs of $0.3 million, partially offset by an increase in personnel related costs of $0.6 million.

Other Income

The following table summarizes our other income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

The $2.2 million and $4.7 million decreases in other income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025 were primarily related to lower investment income.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We have a history of significant operating losses and have had negative cash flows from operations since our inception and expect to continue to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future. We have not yet commercialized any products, and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of products for several years, if at all. To date, we have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from the sale of equity securities and from licensing or selling the rights to our product candidates. As of June 30, 2026, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $334.5 million, and long-term investments and interest receivable of $21.4 million.

Based on our current operating plans and assumptions, we expect that our current cash, cash equivalents, investments, and interest receivable will be sufficient to fund operations through at least twelve months from the date of issuance of our consolidated financial statements. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to raise additional capital on reasonable terms or at all.

In June 2025, we entered into the Genrix License Agreement with Genrix, pursuant to which Genrix granted us a global (excluding greater China), exclusive license to develop and commercialize velinotamig, a BCMAxCD3 T cell engager, in all fields of use. Under the terms of the Genrix License Agreement, we paid Genrix an upfront license fee of $20.0 million in June 2025. Refer to Note 5 of our notes to the consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional detail regarding the Genrix License Agreement.

In April 2026, we entered into a sales agreement with TD Cowen to continue our ATM, pursuant to which we can offer and sell up to $200.0 million of our common stock through TD Cowen at prevailing market prices from time to time. We made no sales under the ATM through June 30, 2026.

Cullinan is eligible to receive a $30.0 million payment from Taiho upon U.S. regulatory approval of zipalertinib for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR ex20ins NSCLC who have previously received platinum-based systemic chemotherapy. Cullinan is also eligible to receive up to a $100.0 million payment from Taiho upon U.S. regulatory approval of zipalertinib for the first-line treatment for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR ex20ins NSCLC. Taiho and we will each receive 50% of any future pre-tax profits from potential U.S. sales of zipalertinib, subject to certain adjustments.

Comparison of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, our operating activities used $84.3 million of cash, which primarily consisted of our operating expenses, excluding non-cash items, of $94.7 million, partially offset by interest income, excluding accretion on marketable securities, of $6.4 million, and a $4.2 million net change in our non-tax operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash operating expenses primarily consisted of equity-based compensation expense.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, our operating activities used $100.8 million of cash, which primarily consisted of our operating expenses, excluding non-cash items, of $111.4 million and a $0.6 million net change in our non-tax operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by interest income, excluding accretion on marketable securities, of $8.5 million, and an income tax refund of $3.0 million related to the utilization of federal research and development credits generated during 2023 that were carried back to tax year 2022. The non-cash operating expenses primarily consisted of equity-based compensation expense.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, our investing activities provided $73.1 million of cash, which consisted of $107.8 million of proceeds from the maturities of marketable securities, partially offset by $34.7 million of purchases of marketable securities.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, our investing activities provided $90.2 million of cash, which consisted of $294.6 million of proceeds from the maturities of marketable securities, partially offset by $204.4 million of purchases of marketable securities.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, our financing activities provided $1.5 million of cash, which consisted of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our equity-based compensation plans.

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For the six months ended June 30, 2025, our financing activities provided $0.4 million of cash, which consisted of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our equity-based compensation plans.

Future Funding Requirements

We expect our expenses to continue to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we:

• continue research and development of our current and future product candidates and programs;
• conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials for our current and future product candidates;
• experience any delays or encounter any issues with any of the above, including but not limited to failed studies, or trials, complex results, safety issues, or other regulatory challenges;
• develop the necessary processes, controls, and manufacturing capabilities to obtain marketing approval for our current and future product candidates and to support manufacturing on a commercial scale;
• develop and implement plans to establish and operate in-house manufacturing operations and facilities, if deemed appropriate;
• seek regulatory approvals for our current and future product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;
• hire and retain additional personnel, such as nonclinical, clinical, pharmacovigilance, quality assurance, regulatory affairs, manufacturing, distribution, legal, compliance, medical affairs, finance, general and administrative, commercial, and scientific personnel; and
• develop, maintain, expand, and protect our intellectual property portfolio.

Based on our current operational plans and assumptions, we expect that our current cash, cash equivalents, investments, and interest receivable will be sufficient to fund operations through at least twelve months from the date of issuance of our consolidated financial statements. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect. As we progress with our development programs and the regulatory review process, we expect to incur significant expenses related to product manufacturing, pre-commercial activities and commercialization. We may also require additional capital to pursue in-licenses or acquisitions of other programs to further expand our pipeline.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of our product candidates and programs, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on and could increase significantly as a result of many factors, including:

• the scope, progress, results, and costs of drug discovery, laboratory testing, and preclinical and clinical development for our current and future product candidates;
• timely completion of our preclinical studies and clinical trials, which may be significantly slower or cost more than we currently anticipate and will depend substantially upon the performance of third-party contractors;
• the prevalence, duration, and severity of potential side effects or other safety issues experienced by patients receiving our current and future product candidates;
• our ability to establish and maintain collaborations and license agreements on favorable terms, if at all, and the extent to which we acquire or in-license technologies or programs, if at all;
• our ability to enroll clinical trials in a timely manner and to quickly resolve any delays or clinical holds that may be imposed on our development programs;
• the costs of expanding our facilities to accommodate our expected growth in personnel;
• our ability and the ability of third parties with whom we contract to manufacture adequate clinical and commercial supplies of our current and future product candidates, remain in good standing with regulatory authorities and develop, validate, and maintain commercially viable manufacturing processes that are compliant with current good manufacturing practices;
• the costs of preparing, filing, and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights, and defending intellectual property-related claims;
• the extent to which we acquire or in-license technologies or programs;
• the sales price and availability of adequate third-party coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if and when approved; and
• the ongoing costs of operating as a public company.

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Until such time, if ever, that we can generate product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity offerings, debt financings, government or other third-party funding, marketing and distribution arrangements, and other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity, current ownership interests will be diluted. If we raise additional funds through government or third-party funding, collaboration agreements, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements, or marketing and distribution arrangements, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends. If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market products or product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments

We have certain contractual obligations under various license and collaboration agreements. Under these agreements, we will be required to make milestone payments upon successful completion and achievement of certain intellectual property, clinical, regulatory, and sales milestones, and we will be required to make milestone and royalty payments in connection with the sale of products developed under these agreements. In addition, under our co-development agreement, if Taiho generates sufficient data to support commercial purposes or a regulatory submission for new zipalertinib indications that it independently develops, half of Taiho’s independent development costs, subject to certain adjustments, will be deducted from future pre-tax profits related to potential U.S. sales of zipalertinib. As the achievement and timing of these future contractual obligations are not probable or estimable, such amounts have not been included in our consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

As of June 30, 2026, we had total future minimum lease payments of $2.4 million, of which $0.9 million were payable within twelve months. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail on our lease obligations and the timing of expected future payments.

In addition, we enter into agreements in the normal course of business with CROs for clinical trials and with other vendors for preclinical studies, manufacturing services, and other services and products for operating purposes, which are generally cancelable upon written notice.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies have not materially changed from those described in the 2025 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Information required by this Item is not applicable as we are electing scaled disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies with respect to this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (as amended, the "Exchange Act") were effective as of June 30, 2026 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. We are not currently a party to any litigation or legal proceedings that, in the opinion of our management, are probable to have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “2025 10-K"), which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risk factors disclosure in our 2025 10-K is qualified by the information that is described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The risks described in our 2025 10-K are not our only risks. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed in the 2025 10-K except as follows:

We will no longer qualify as a “smaller reporting company” after December 31, 2026, and, as a result, we will have to comply with increased disclosure and compliance requirements.

We are currently a “smaller reporting company” (“SRC”) under the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. However, because the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million as of June 30, 2026, we will no longer qualify as an SRC after December 31, 2026 and will be a large accelerated filer beginning January 1, 2027 for future filings, subject to any transitional disclosure periods permitted by the SEC or any changes to SEC rules related to filer status.

As a large accelerated filer, in the future we will be subject to certain disclosure and compliance requirements that apply to other public companies but that did not previously apply to us due to our status as an SRC. These requirements include, but are not limited to:

• the requirement that our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
• compliance with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;
• the requirement that we provide more detailed disclosures regarding executive compensation; and
• the requirement that we obtain stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We expect that the loss of SRC status and compliance with the additional requirements of being a large accelerated filer will increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs and costs associated with investor relations activities, and cause management and other personnel to divert attention from operational and other business matters to devote substantial time to public company reporting requirements. In addition, if we are not able to comply with changing requirements in a timely manner, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our common stock is listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2026, none of our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

• Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

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