Berkshire Hathaway BRK.B Form 10-Q filing Q2 FY2026

Item 1. Financial Statements

BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.

and Subsidiaries

• Includes U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities of three months or less when purchased of $3.2 billion at June 30, 2026 and $17.6 billion at December 31, 2025.

** Includes unsettled purchases of U.S. Treasury Bills of $771 million at June 30, 2026 and $167 million at December 31, 2025. Such amounts were also included in liabilities and were paid shortly after the respective balance sheet date.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.

and Subsidiaries

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.

and Subsidiaries

• Net earnings per average equivalent Class B share outstanding is equal to one-fifteen-hundredth of the equivalent Class A amount. See Note 18.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.

and Subsidiaries

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.

and Subsidiaries

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.

and Subsidiaries

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.

and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2026

Note 1. General

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (“Berkshire” or “Company”) consolidated with the accounts of all subsidiaries and affiliates in which Berkshire holds a controlling financial interest as of the financial statement date. In these notes, the terms “us,” “we” or “our” refer to Berkshire and its consolidated subsidiaries. Reference is made to Berkshire’s most recently issued Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”), which includes information necessary or useful to understanding Berkshire’s businesses and financial statement presentations. Our significant accounting policies and practices were presented as Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report.

Financial information in this Quarterly Report reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of results for the interim periods in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). For several reasons, our results for interim periods may not be indicative of results to be expected for the year. The timing and magnitude of catastrophe losses incurred by insurance subsidiaries and the estimation error inherent to the process of determining liabilities for unpaid losses of insurance subsidiaries can be more significant to results of interim periods than to results for a full year. Changes in market prices of our investments in equity securities and the related changes in unrealized gains and losses will produce significant volatility in our interim and annual earnings. In addition, gains and losses from the periodic revaluation of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and asset impairment charges may cause significant variations in periodic net earnings.

Significant estimates are used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, including those associated with evaluations of certain long-lived assets, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, expected credit losses on amounts owed to us and the estimation of losses assumed under insurance and reinsurance contracts. Estimates may be subject to significant adjustments in future periods due to ongoing macroeconomic and geopolitical events, as well as changes in industry or company-specific factors. Actual results may differ from the estimates included in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2024-03, “Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specific categories underlying certain expense captions on the income statement, as well as certain qualitative disclosures. ASU 2024-03 may be adopted prospectively or retrospectively and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impacts this pronouncement will have on disclosures in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2. Business acquisitions

Our long-held strategy is to acquire businesses that we believe possess consistent earning power, good returns on equity and able and honest management. Financial results attributable to a business acquisition are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the acquisition date.

On January 2, 2026, Berkshire completed the acquisition of Occidental Petroleum Corporation’s (“Occidental”) chemicals business (“OxyChem”) pursuant to an agreement that was entered into on October 1, 2025, for cash consideration of approximately $9.4 billion, which includes certain post-closing adjustments pursuant to the terms of the agreement. Also pursuant to the agreement, Occidental retained OxyChem’s legacy environmental liabilities. OxyChem is a global manufacturer of basic chemicals, with applications in water treatment, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, construction and other industries.

Preliminary values of OxyChem’s assets as of the acquisition date were $10.7 billion, consisting primarily of property, plant and equipment (approximately $7.0 billion), as well as receivables, inventories and intangible assets. Preliminary values of its liabilities as of the acquisition date were $1.3 billion.

On May 31, 2026, Berkshire entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Agreement”) with Taylor Morrison Home Corporation (“Taylor Morrison”) to acquire all outstanding shares of Taylor Morrison common stock for $72.50 per share in cash, or approximately $6.8 billion in the aggregate. A majority of the Taylor Morrison shareholders voted to adopt the Agreement on July 22, 2026, and with receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals, the acquisition was completed on July 24, 2026. Taylor Morrison is a national community developer and homebuilder and provides financial services to its customers, including mortgage, title and escrow, and homeowners’ insurance.

Given the proximity of the Taylor Morrison acquisition date to the date the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements were issued, it was impracticable to provide an initial estimate of the values of identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and residual goodwill at this time. We expect to include such disclosures in our interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ending September 30, 2026.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3. Investments in fixed maturity securities

Investments in fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows (in millions).

Investments in fixed maturity securities are generally classified as available-for-sale. As of June 30, 2026, approximately 95% of our foreign government holdings were rated AA or higher by at least one of the major rating agencies. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities at June 30, 2026 are summarized below by contractual maturity dates (in millions). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to prepayment rights held by issuers.

Note 4. Investments in equity securities

Investments in equity securities are summarized as follows (in millions).

Our investments in equity securities over the years have been concentrated in relatively few companies. The fair value of our five largest holdings at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 represented 66% and 65%, respectively, of the aggregate fair value of our equity securities shown in the preceding tables. The five largest holdings at June 30, 2026 were Alphabet Inc., American Express Company, Apple Inc., Bank of America Corporation and The Coca-Cola Company.

Additionally, we own common stock of The Kraft Heinz Company (“Kraft Heinz”) and Occidental, which we account for under the equity method. See Note 5. Since 2019, we have also owned Occidental non-voting Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock and common stock warrants. These investments are recorded at fair value and included as equity securities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, as such investments are not in-substance common stock under GAAP and are not eligible for the equity method.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 4. Investments in equity securities

The Occidental preferred stock accrues dividends at 8% per annum and is redeemable at the option of Occidental commencing in 2029 at a redemption price equal to 105% of the liquidation value. As of June 30, 2026, our investment in Occidental preferred stock had an aggregate liquidation value of approximately $8.5 billion. The Occidental common stock warrants currently allow us to purchase up to 83.9 million shares of Occidental common stock at an exercise price of $59.59 per share. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in part until one year after the date the preferred stock is fully redeemed.

As of June 30, 2026, we owned 151.6 million shares of American Express Company (“American Express”) common stock representing 22.5% of the outstanding common stock of American Express. Since 1995, we have been party to an agreement with American Express whereby we agreed to vote a significant portion of our shares in accordance with the recommendations of the American Express Board of Directors. We have also agreed to passivity commitments as requested by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, which collectively, in our judgment, restrict our ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of American Express. Accordingly, we do not use the equity method with respect to our investment in American Express common stock, and we continue to record our investment at fair value.

Note 5. Equity method investments

Berkshire and its subsidiaries hold investments that are accounted for pursuant to the equity method. The most significant of these are our investments in the common stock of Kraft Heinz and Occidental. As of June 30, 2026, we owned 27.5% of the outstanding Kraft Heinz common stock and 26.7% of the outstanding Occidental common stock, which excludes the potential effect of the exercise of Occidental’s outstanding common stock warrants. Kraft Heinz manufactures and markets food and beverage products, including condiments and sauces, dairy, meals, meats, beverages and other grocery products. Occidental is an energy company, whose activities include oil and natural gas exploration, development and production.

We also own a 50% interest in Berkadia Commercial Mortgage LLC (“Berkadia”). Jefferies Financial Group Inc. (“Jefferies”) owns the other 50% interest. Berkadia engages in mortgage banking, investment sales and servicing commercial/multi-family real estate loans. Berkadia’s commercial paper borrowing capacity (limited to $1.5 billion) is supported by a surety policy issued by a Berkshire insurance subsidiary. Jefferies is obligated to indemnify us for one-half of any losses incurred under the policy.

Our investments in Kraft Heinz, Occidental and Berkadia are summarized as follows (in millions). Kraft Heinz and Occidental common stocks are publicly-traded and the fair values are based on quoted market prices as of our balance sheet dates. The carrying values of Kraft Heinz and Occidental include reductions for other-than-temporary impairment losses recorded in the second and fourth quarters of 2025, respectively.

Our equity in earnings and distributions received from equity method investments are as follows (in millions).

• We report our equity in Occidental’s earnings on a one-quarter lag and, beginning with the second quarter of 2025, we also report our equity in Kraft Heinz’s earnings on a one-quarter lag.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 5. Equity method investments

As of June 30, 2026, the carrying value of our investment in Kraft Heinz common stock exceeded fair value by $1.1 billion (or 12.2% of our carrying value). In evaluating the investment in Kraft Heinz for other-than-temporary impairment as of June 30, 2026, we considered our ability and intent to hold the investment until recovery, the magnitude and duration of the decline in fair value, and the operating results and financial condition of the company, as well as prevailing economic risks and uncertainties and other factors. Based on our assessment, we concluded that the recognition of an impairment charge in earnings for Kraft Heinz was not required as of June 30, 2026. However, our current expectations and intentions concerning this investment may change in the future, which may result in the recognition of an impairment loss at that time.

In the second quarter of 2025, we recorded a pre-tax impairment loss of approximately $5.0 billion on our Kraft Heinz investment as a component of our equity in the earnings of Kraft Heinz, which reduced the carrying value of our investment to fair value based on the quoted market price at June 30, 2025. In evaluating our investment in Kraft Heinz for impairment in the second quarter of 2025, we considered the facts and circumstances previously stated. At that time, we concluded that, in our judgment, the unrealized loss was other than temporary.

As a result of the impairment loss recorded in the second quarter of 2025, Berkshire’s share of Kraft Heinz shareholders’ equity exceeded Berkshire’s equity method carrying value by approximately $5.0 billion. This basis difference was attributed to Kraft Heinz’s indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. The basis difference has declined to approximately $2.8 billion, attributable to the impact of goodwill and other intangible asset impairment losses recorded by Kraft Heinz since March of 2025 and through March of 2026.

On May 19, 2025, Berkshire’s representatives on the Kraft Heinz Board of Directors resigned. Since the timing and extent of financial information we receive from Kraft Heinz became limited to the information Kraft Heinz makes publicly available, we concluded our receipt of such information was no longer sufficiently timely for concurrent inclusion in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Thus, we began recognizing the equity method effects attributable to this investment on a one-quarter lag beginning with our second quarter of 2025.

Summarized financial information of Kraft Heinz follows (in millions).

Summarized financial information of Occidental follows (in millions).

Net earnings attributable to Occidental’s common shareholders in its first quarter of 2026 included an after-tax gain of approximately $3.1 billion from its sale of OxyChem to Berkshire. Our equity in earnings for the second quarter of 2026 excluded our share of Occidental’s after-tax gain from this sale. The carrying value of our investment in Occidental common stock as of June 30, 2026 exceeded our share of Occidental common shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2026 by approximately $2.5 billion.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 6. Investment gains (losses)

Investment gains (losses) are summarized as follows (in millions).

Equity securities gains and losses include unrealized gains and losses from changes in fair values during the period on equity securities we owned at the end of the period, as well as gains and losses on securities we sold during the period. In the preceding table, investment gains and losses on equity securities sold during the period represent the difference between the sales proceeds and the fair value of the equity securities sold at the beginning of the applicable period or, if later, the purchase date.

Proceeds from sales of equity securities were approximately $27.8 billion in the first six months of 2026 and $11.6 billion in 2025. Taxable gains and losses on equity securities sold are generally the difference between the proceeds from sales and cost at the acquisition date. Equity securities sold produced taxable gains of $2.3 billion in the second quarter and $9.5 billion in the first six months of 2026 compared to gains of $5.3 billion in the second quarter and $8.4 billion in the first six months of 2025.

Note 7. Loans and finance receivables

Loans and finance receivables are principally manufactured home installment loans, and to a lesser extent, commercial loans and site-built home loans and are summarized as follows (in millions).

Reconciliations of the allowance for credit losses on loans and finance receivables follow (in millions).

As of June 30, 2026, substantially all manufactured and site-built home loans were evaluated collectively for impairment, and we considered approximately 96% of these loans to be current as to payment status. A summary of performing and non-performing home loans, before allowances and discounts, by year of loan origination as of June 30, 2026 follows (in millions).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 8. Other receivables

Other receivables are summarized as follows (in millions).

Provisions for credit losses with respect to other receivables were $293 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to $245 million in 2025. Charge-offs, net of recoveries, were $228 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to $268 million in 2025.

Note 9. Inventories

Inventories of our insurance and other businesses are comprised of the following (in millions).

Inventories, materials and supplies of our railroad, utilities and energy businesses are included in other assets and were approximately $3.4 billion as of June 30, 2026 and $3.2 billion as of December 31, 2025.

Note 10. Property, plant and equipment A summary of property, plant and equipment of our insurance and other businesses follows (in millions).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 10. Property, plant and equipment

A summary of property, plant and equipment of our railroad, utilities and energy businesses follows (in millions). The utility generation, transmission and distribution systems and interstate natural gas pipeline assets are owned by regulated public utility and natural gas pipeline subsidiaries.

Property, plant and equipment depreciation expense for the first six months of 2026 and 2025 is summarized below (in millions).

Note 11. Equipment held for lease

Equipment held for lease includes railcars, aircraft and other equipment, including over-the-road trailers, intermodal tank containers, cranes, storage units and furniture. Equipment held for lease is summarized below (in millions).

Equipment held for lease depreciation expense in the first six months was $747 million in 2026 and $749 million in 2025. Fixed and variable operating lease revenues are summarized below (in millions).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 12. Goodwill and other intangible assets

Reconciliations of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the first six months of 2026 and for the year ended December 31, 2025 follow (in millions).

• Net of accumulated goodwill impairments of $13.0 billion as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and $11.5 billion as of December 31, 2024.

Other intangible assets are summarized below (in millions).

• Included in other assets.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives were $19.0 billion as of June 30, 2026 and $18.9 billion as of December 31, 2025, consisting primarily of certain customer relationships, trademarks and trade names. Intangible asset amortization expense in the first six months was $898 million in 2026 and $863 million in 2025.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 13. Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses

Reconciliations of the changes in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) liabilities (“claim liabilities”), excluding liabilities under retroactive reinsurance contracts (see Note 14), follow (in millions).

Our claim liabilities under property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts are based upon estimates of the ultimate claim costs associated with claim events that have occurred as of the balance sheet date and include estimates for incurred-but-not-reported (“IBNR”) claims. Losses and LAE incurred and paid in the preceding table related to events occurring in the current year (“current accident year”) and events occurring in all prior years (“prior accident years”). Losses and LAE incurred and paid are net of reinsurance recoveries. We experienced no significant catastrophe events (losses exceeding $150 million per event) in the first six months of 2026, while current accident year incurred losses in the first six months of 2025 included $1.1 billion from wildfires in Southern California.

We reduced estimated ultimate claim liabilities for prior accident years’ claims by $1.5 billion in the first six months of 2026 and $240 million in 2025, which produced corresponding reductions to losses and LAE incurred. These reductions, as percentages of the net liabilities at the beginning of each year, were relatively insignificant in each period.

Our primary insurance businesses reduced prior accident years’ ultimate claims estimates by $598 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to increases of $266 million in the first six months of 2025. The reductions in 2026 were primarily attributable to lower-than-expected property losses, and to a lesser extent, casualty losses. The increases in 2025 were primarily due to increases in estimated losses for casualty exposures, partially offset by reductions in property loss estimates.

Our reinsurance businesses reduced estimated ultimate claim liabilities for prior accident years in the first six months of 2026 by $869 million versus $506 million in the first six months of 2025. The reductions in each period reflected lower-than-expected property loss estimates, partially offset by increases in estimated losses for casualty exposures.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 14. Retroactive reinsurance contracts

Retroactive reinsurance policies provide indemnification of losses and LAE of short-duration insurance contracts with respect to underlying loss events that occurred prior to the contract inception date. Exposures may include significant asbestos, environmental and other mass tort claims. Retroactive reinsurance contracts generally stipulate aggregate policy limits, and our exposure to such claims under these contracts is likewise limited. Reconciliations of the changes in estimated liabilities for retroactive reinsurance unpaid losses and LAE follow (in millions).

We classify incurred and paid losses and LAE based on the inception dates of the contracts, which reflect when our exposure to losses began. Substantially all of the losses and LAE incurred and paid summarized in the preceding table related to contracts incepting prior to 2020. Losses and LAE incurred include changes in estimated ultimate liabilities and related adjustments to deferred charge assets arising from the changes in the estimated timing and amount of loss payments. Deferred charge assets on retroactive reinsurance contracts were $7.7 billion at June 30, 2026 and $8.1 billion at December 31, 2025.

Note 15. Long-duration insurance contracts

A summary of our long-duration life, annuity and health insurance benefits liabilities disaggregated by our principal product categories follows (in millions).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 15. Long-duration insurance contracts

Reconciliations of the liabilities for each of our principal product categories follows (in millions). This information reflects the changes in discounted present values of expected future policy benefits and expected future net premiums before reinsurance ceded. Net premiums represent the portion of expected gross premiums that are required to provide for future policy benefits and variable expenses.

Other information relating to our long-duration insurance liabilities follows (dollars in millions).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 15. Long-duration insurance contracts

Gross premiums earned and interest expense before reinsurance ceded for the first six months of 2026 and 2025 were as follows (in millions).

Note 16. Notes payable and other borrowings

Notes payable and other borrowings of our insurance and other businesses are summarized below (dollars in millions). The weighted average interest rates and maturity date ranges are based on borrowings as of June 30, 2026.

Berkshire borrowings consist of senior unsecured debt. Berkshire repaid approximately $3.3 billion of maturing debt in the first six months of 2026, including ¥133.9 billion ($844 million) in April. In April of 2026, Berkshire also issued ¥272.3 billion ($1.7 billion) of senior notes with maturity dates ranging from 2029 to 2056 and a weighted average interest rate of 2.4%.

Borrowings of BHFC, a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of Berkshire, consist of senior unsecured notes used to fund manufactured home loans originated or acquired and equipment held for lease of certain subsidiaries. BHFC borrowings are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Berkshire. Berkshire also guarantees certain debt of other subsidiaries, aggregating approximately $1.7 billion at June 30, 2026. Generally, Berkshire’s guarantee of a subsidiary’s debt obligation is an absolute, unconditional and irrevocable guarantee for the full and prompt payment when due of all payment obligations.

The carrying values of Berkshire and BHFC non-U.S. Dollar denominated senior notes (€4.85 billion, £1.75 billion and ¥2,481 billion par at June 30, 2026) reflect the applicable exchange rates as of each balance sheet date. The effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates during the period on these borrowings are recorded in earnings as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Changes in the exchange rates produced pre-tax gains of $420 million in the second quarter and $745 million in the first six months of 2026 and pre-tax losses of $1.2 billion in the second quarter and $2.1 billion in the first six months of 2025.

Notes payable and other borrowings of our railroad, utilities and energy businesses are summarized below (dollars in millions). The weighted average interest rates and maturity date ranges are based on borrowings as of June 30, 2026.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 16. Notes payable and other borrowings

BHE subsidiary debt represents amounts issued pursuant to separate financing agreements. Substantially all of the assets of certain BHE subsidiaries are, or may be, pledged or encumbered to support or otherwise secure such debt. These borrowing arrangements generally contain various covenants, including those which pertain to leverage ratios, interest coverage ratios and/or debt service coverage ratios. BNSF’s borrowings are primarily senior unsecured debentures. As of June 30, 2026, BHE, BNSF and their subsidiaries were in compliance with all applicable debt covenants. Berkshire does not guarantee any debt, borrowings or lines of credit of BHE, BNSF or their subsidiaries.

In the first six months of 2026, BHE subsidiaries issued $4.6 billion of term debt, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.8% and maturity dates ranging from 2029 to 2056. BHE subsidiaries repaid term debt of $1.3 billion and short-term borrowings were reduced by $623 million. In the first six months of 2026, BNSF repaid term debt of $535 million.

Unused and available lines of credit and commercial paper capacity to support operations and provide additional liquidity for our subsidiaries were approximately $12.1 billion at June 30, 2026, of which approximately $10.2 billion related to BHE and its subsidiaries.

Note 17. Fair value measurements

Our financial assets and liabilities are summarized below, with fair values shown according to the fair value hierarchy (in millions). The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury Bills, other receivables and accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities are considered to be reasonable estimates of or otherwise approximate the fair values.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17. Fair value measurements

The fair values of substantially all of our financial instruments were measured using market or income approaches. The hierarchy for measuring fair value consists of Levels 1 through 3, which are described below.

Level 1 – Inputs represent unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities exchanged in active markets.

Level 2 – Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs (other than Level 1 inputs) such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities exchanged in active or inactive markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities exchanged in inactive markets; other inputs that may be considered in fair value determinations of the assets or liabilities, such as interest rates and yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data through correlation or other means. Pricing evaluations generally reflect discounted expected future cash flows, which incorporate yield curves for instruments with similar characteristics, such as credit ratings, estimated durations and yields for other instruments of the issuer or entities in the same industry sector.

Level 3 – Inputs include unobservable inputs used in the measurement of assets and liabilities. Management is required to use its own assumptions regarding unobservable inputs because there is little, if any, market activity in the assets or liabilities and it may be unable to corroborate the related observable inputs. Unobservable inputs require management to make certain projections and assumptions about the information that would be used by market participants in valuing assets or liabilities.

Reconciliations of significant assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis with the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) follow (in millions).

Quantitative information as of June 30, 2026 for the significant assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis with the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) follows (dollars in millions).

Investments in equity securities in the preceding table include our investments in certain preferred and common stock warrants, which do not have readily determinable market values as defined by GAAP. These investments are private placements and are not traded in securities markets. We applied discounted cash flow techniques in valuing the preferred stock and we made assumptions regarding the expected duration of the investment and the effects of illiquidity and subordination in liquidation. In valuing the common stock warrants, we used a warrant valuation model. While most of the inputs to the warrant model are observable, we made assumptions regarding the expected duration and volatility.

Note 18. Common stock

Changes in shares of Berkshire’s common stock are shown in the table below. In addition to our common stock, one million shares of preferred stock are authorized and none are issued.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 18. Common stock

Each Class A common share is entitled to one vote per share. Class B common stock possesses dividend and distribution rights equal to one-fifteen-hundredth (1/1,500) of such rights of Class A common stock. Each Class B common share possesses voting rights equal to one-ten-thousandth (1/10,000) of the voting rights of a Class A share. Unless otherwise required under Delaware General Corporation Law, Class A and Class B common shares vote as a single class. Each share of Class A common stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into 1,500 shares of Class B common stock. Class B common stock is not convertible into Class A common stock. On an equivalent Class A common stock basis, there were 1,431,693 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2026 and 1,438,223 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2025.

We provide earnings per share data on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for average equivalent Class A shares outstanding and average equivalent Class B shares outstanding. Average equivalent Class A shares outstanding represents average Class A shares outstanding plus one-fifteen-hundredth (1/1,500) of the average Class B shares outstanding. Average equivalent Class B shares outstanding represents average Class B shares outstanding plus 1,500 times the average Class A shares outstanding.

Berkshire’s common stock repurchase program currently permits Berkshire to repurchase shares any time that Berkshire’s Chief Executive Officer, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board, believes that the repurchase price is below Berkshire’s intrinsic value, conservatively determined. The program allows share repurchases in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions and does not specify a maximum number of shares to be repurchased. However, repurchases will not be made if they would reduce the value of Berkshire’s consolidated cash, cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury Bill holdings below $30 billion. Under the program, Berkshire is not obligated to repurchase any specific dollar amount or number of Class A or Class B shares. There is no expiration date to the program.

Note 19. Income taxes

Our consolidated effective income tax rates were 19.6% in the second quarter and 19.0% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 15.5% in the second quarter and 13.9% in the first six months of 2025. Our effective income tax rate normally reflects benefits from dividends-received deductions applicable to investments in certain equity securities and production tax credits related to wind-powered electricity generation placed in service in the U.S. Our periodic effective income tax rate will also vary due to the changes in mix of pre-tax earnings, including realized and unrealized investment gains or losses on our investments in equity securities, the amount of non-deductible goodwill impairment charges and other expenses and the underlying income tax rates applicable in the various taxing jurisdictions.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) previously issued Pillar Two model rules introducing a global minimum tax of 15%. While the U.S. has not adopted the Pillar Two rules, various countries have enacted legislation to adopt the rules. In January 2026, the OECD issued additional guidance, including a safe harbor framework for certain U.S.-parented multinational groups. We do not currently expect these rules will have a material effect on our consolidated income taxes.

Note 20. Accumulated other comprehensive income

A summary of the net changes in after-tax accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to Berkshire shareholders follows (in millions).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 21. Supplemental cash flow information

A summary of supplemental cash flow information for the first six months of 2026 and 2025 follows (in millions).

Note 22. Contingencies and commitments

We are parties in a variety of legal actions that routinely arise out of the normal course of business, including legal actions seeking to establish liability directly through insurance contracts or indirectly through reinsurance contracts issued by Berkshire subsidiaries. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. We do not currently believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Information concerning certain legal matters involving certain of our subsidiaries follows.

Wildfires

PacifiCorp, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company (“BHE”), operates as a regulated electric utility in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and other Western states. PacifiCorp is party to a variety of legal actions arising from wildfires that occurred in 2020 and 2022. Such actions are described below.

2020 Wildfires and 2022 McKinney Fire

The 2020 Wildfires occurred in September 2020, when a severe weather event with high winds contributed to several major wildfires, resulting in real and personal property and natural resource damage, personal injuries and loss of life and widespread power outages in Oregon and Northern California. The wildfires spread across certain parts of PacifiCorp’s service territory and surrounding areas across multiple counties in Oregon and California, burning over 500,000 acres in aggregate and included the Santiam Canyon, Beachie Creek, South Obenchain, Echo Mountain Complex, 242, Archie Creek, Slater and other fires. The Slater fire occurred in both Oregon and California. Third-party reports for these wildfires indicate over 2,000 structures were destroyed, including residences; several structures damaged; multiple individuals injured; and several fatalities.

Both the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (“USFS”) and the Oregon Department of Forestry (“ODF”) completed investigation reports related to a wildland fire that was first reported outside the Santiam Canyon on August 16, 2020 (“Beachie Creek Fire”), approximately three weeks before the severe weather event described above. ODF’s report concluded that embers from the pre-existing Beachie Creek Fire caused 12 fires within the Santiam Canyon. ODF’s report also found that PacifiCorp’s power lines did not contribute to the overall spread of fire into the Santiam Canyon even though PacifiCorp’s power lines ignited seven spot fires within the Santiam Canyon that were each suppressed.

The Beachie Creek Fire that spread into the Santiam Canyon burned approximately 193,000 acres; the South Obenchain fire burned approximately 33,000 acres; the Echo Mountain Complex fire burned approximately 3,000 acres; and the 242 fire burned approximately 14,000 acres. The James cases described below are associated with the Beachie Creek (Santiam Canyon), South Obenchain, Echo Mountain Complex and 242 fires, which are four distinct fires located hundreds of miles apart.

The 2022 McKinney Fire occurred on July 29, 2022, when a wildfire began in Siskiyou County, California within PacifiCorp’s service territory, burning over 60,000 acres. Third-party reports indicate that the 2022 McKinney Fire resulted in 11 structures damaged; 185 structures destroyed, including residences; 12 injuries; and four fatalities.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 22. Contingencies and commitments

Complaints and Demands Associated with the Wildfires

A significant number of complaints and demands alleging similar claims related to the Wildfires have been filed in Oregon and California, including a class action complaint in Oregon associated with the 2020 Wildfires (the “James” case) for which certain jury verdicts were issued as described below. The plaintiffs seek damages for economic losses, noneconomic losses, including mental suffering, emotional distress, personal injury and loss of life, punitive damages, other damages and attorneys’ fees. Several insurance carriers also filed subrogation complaints in Oregon and California with similar allegations. Additionally, PacifiCorp received correspondence from the U.S. and Oregon Departments of Justice regarding the potential recovery of certain costs and damages alleged to have occurred on federal and state lands in connection with certain of the 2020 Wildfires. As described below, substantially all outstanding complaints and demands are associated with the 2020 Wildfires, specifically the James case and the state of Oregon demands.

Substantially all amounts sought in outstanding complaints and demands filed in Oregon are associated with the James mass complaints described below, as well as stayed cases for which motions have been filed for consolidation into the James case and state of Oregon demands. Oregon law provides for the doubling of economic and property damages in the event the defendant is found to have acted with gross negligence, recklessness, willfulness or malice. Oregon law provides for trebling of damages associated with timber, shrubs and produce in the event the defendant is determined to have willfully and intentionally trespassed. For class actions, amounts specified by the plaintiffs in the complaints include amounts based on estimates of the potential class size, which ultimately may be significantly greater than estimated.

PacifiCorp has settled various claims associated with the 2020 and 2022 Wildfires, including all wrongful death claims and federal government demands and complaints. For the Archie Creek fire, Slater fire and 2022 McKinney Fire, settlements have been reached with substantially all plaintiffs. For the Santiam Canyon, Echo Mountain Complex, South Obenchain and 242 fires, while PacifiCorp settled claims with individual plaintiffs who were granted substitution of counsel in the James case, claims remain outstanding for a substantial number of plaintiffs associated with the James case. In addition, claims were settled with the Oregon wineries and with the federal government. PacifiCorp is also actively cooperating with the Oregon Department of Justice on resolving its alleged claims.

The James Case

On September 30, 2020, a class action complaint against PacifiCorp captioned Jeanyne James et al. v. PacifiCorp, (“James”) was filed in Oregon Circuit Court in Multnomah County, Oregon (“Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon”). The complaint was filed by Oregon residents and businesses who sought to represent a class of all Oregon citizens and entities whose real or personal property was harmed beginning on September 7, 2020, by wildfires in Oregon allegedly caused by PacifiCorp. In November 2021, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint to limit the class to include Oregon citizens allegedly impacted by the Santiam Canyon, Echo Mountain Complex, South Obenchain and 242 fires, as well as to add claims for noneconomic damages. The amended complaint alleged that PacifiCorp’s assets contributed to the Oregon wildfires occurring on or after September 7, 2020, and that PacifiCorp acted with gross negligence, among other things. The amended complaint seeks damages similar to those described above, including not less than $600 million of economic damages and in excess of $1 billion of noneconomic damages for the plaintiffs and the class. Since the filing of the original class action complaint, several cases have been stayed pending consolidation into James and numerous James class members have been named and damages specified in various complaints.

The Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon determined that the James case would be divided into a liability phase (“Phase I”) and a damages phase (“Phase II”). In June 2023, a jury in the Phase I liability trial found PacifiCorp’s conduct grossly negligent, reckless and willful as to each of the 17 named plaintiffs and the entire class. The jury awarded economic and noneconomic damages, as well as punitive damages. After the jury verdict, the Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon doubled the Phase I plaintiffs’ economic damages, in accordance with Oregon law, and added punitive damages by applying a 0.25 multiplier to the awarded economic and noneconomic damages. The Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon granted PacifiCorp’s subsequent motion to offset the damage awards by deducting insurance proceeds received by any of the plaintiffs.

Following the Phase I verdict, 1,760 James class members filed nine separate mass complaints from April 2024 through January 2026 in Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon, each premised on the Phase I verdict and referencing the original James case as the lead case. The James mass complaints make damages-only allegations seeking for each individual class member $5 million of economic damages, $25 million of noneconomic damages and punitive damages equal to 0.25 times the amount of economic and noneconomic damages, as well as doubling of economic damages. Complaints for some of the plaintiffs in the mass complaints have been dismissed, amended or re-filed.

24

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 22. Contingencies and commitments

While PacifiCorp’s appeal of the Phase I verdict was pending, the Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon held numerous Phase II trials in which a series of juries awarded damages to groups of James class members. The majority of these trials were scheduled pursuant to a case management order called “CMO No. 11.” PacifiCorp has filed notices of appeal for the subsequent jury verdicts in the Phase II trials once limited judgments are entered and any post-trial motions filed. The James jury verdicts to date have awarded total net damages of approximately $1.25 billion to 201 plaintiffs, including $133 million of doubled economic damages, $910 million of noneconomic damages, $244 million of punitive damages and partially reduced by estimated insurance offsets. To date, PacifiCorp has been required to bond the amounts awarded by the James limited judgments in order to stay payment of damages while on appeal. As of the date of this filing, PacifiCorp has posted bonds totaling $719 million associated with the limited judgments entered to date for 129 plaintiffs. As a result of the April 2026 Oregon Court of Appeals opinion, as described in more detail below, PacifiCorp filed a motion in May 2026 for discharge and release of existing bonds, which remains pending.

The Oregon Court of Appeals’ April 2026 opinion reversing the Phase I verdict explained that the Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon erred in instructing the jury that they could “assume that the evidence at the trial applies to all class members.” The Oregon Court of Appeals further concluded that the erroneous jury instruction “was prejudicial to PacifiCorp” because it “gave rise to some likelihood that the jury reached an erroneous result.” Because the Oregon Court of Appeals reversed and remanded on the instructional error issue presented in PacifiCorp’s appellate brief, it did not address the majority of PacifiCorp’s other appealed issues. However, the Oregon Court of Appeals emphasized that the Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon has the authority on remand to reconsider its class certification decision and reconsider whether a single class is appropriate in this case. The Oregon Court of Appeals determined PacifiCorp was the prevailing party and awarded costs to PacifiCorp.

On May 13, 2026, the James plaintiffs filed a petition with the Oregon Supreme Court for review of the April 2026 Oregon Court of Appeals opinion. On June 25, 2026, the Oregon Supreme Court issued an order allowing the petition for review and scheduling oral argument for November 3, 2026.

In May 2026, the Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon granted PacifiCorp’s request to stay the remaining scheduled James Phase II damages trials, but permitted certain pre-trial activities, such as damages discovery and mediation, to continue, as well as scheduled a trial beginning September 2027 for 21 plaintiffs, all of whom live in a single geographic area. The stay is in effect until issuance of an appellate judgment by the Oregon Court of Appeals in James following (i) a decision on the merits by the Oregon Supreme Court affirming the Oregon Court of Appeals April 2026 opinion or (ii) at least 14 days following a decision by the Oregon Supreme Court reversing the Oregon Court of Appeals April 2026 opinion. Certain damages discovery related to previously scheduled CMO No. 11 trials will resume on August 10, 2026. The Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon granted the plaintiffs’ request to enter limited judgments on the already completed Phase II damages trials, but also granted PacifiCorp’s request to waive bonding requirements on those judgments.

Estimated Losses for and Settlements Associated with the Wildfires

A provision for a loss contingency is recorded when it is probable a liability is likely to occur and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. PacifiCorp evaluates the related range of reasonably estimated losses and records a loss based on its best estimate within that range or the lower end of the range if there is no better estimate.

Based on the facts and circumstances available to PacifiCorp as of the date of this filing, including (i) cause and origin investigations; (ii) ongoing settlement and mediation activities; (iii) other litigation matters and upcoming legal proceedings; and (iv) the status of the James case, PacifiCorp recorded cumulative estimated probable losses associated with the Wildfires of approximately $2.85 billion to date through June 30, 2026. PacifiCorp’s cumulative accrual includes estimates of probable losses for fire suppression costs, real and personal property damages, natural resource damages and noneconomic damages such as personal injury damages and loss of life damages that it is reasonably able to estimate at this time and which is subject to change as additional relevant information becomes available.

To date through June 30, 2026, PacifiCorp paid approximately $2.3 billion in settlements associated with the Wildfires, including $589 million in the first six months of 2026. As a result of the settlements, various trials have been cancelled. PacifiCorp’s estimated unpaid liabilities in connection with the Wildfires were $572 million at June 30, 2026 and approximately $1.2 billion at December 31, 2025.

As of June 30, 2025, PacifiCorp had received all expected insurance recoveries. No additional insurance recoveries beyond those received to date are expected to be available.

25

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 22. Contingencies and commitments

It is reasonably possible PacifiCorp will incur material additional losses beyond the amounts accrued for the Wildfires that could have a material adverse effect on PacifiCorp’s liquidity and financial condition. PacifiCorp is currently unable to reasonably estimate a specific range of possible additional losses that could be incurred due to the number of properties and parties involved, including claimants in the class to the James case, the variation in the types of properties and damages and the ultimate outcome of legal actions, including mediation, settlement negotiations, jury verdicts and the James appeals process, including the April 2026 Oregon Court of Appeals opinion and the plaintiffs’ appeal with the Oregon Supreme Court.

HomeServices of America, Inc.

HomeServices of America, Inc. (“HomeServices”) is also a wholly-owned subsidiary of BHE. HomeServices is currently defending against several antitrust cases, all in federal district courts. In each case, plaintiffs claim HomeServices and certain of its subsidiaries (and in one case, BHE) conspired with co-defendants to artificially inflate real estate commissions by following and enforcing multiple listing service (“MLS”) rules that require listing agents to offer a commission split to cooperating agents in order for the property to appear on the MLS (“Cooperative Compensation Rule”). None of the complaints specify damages sought. However, two cases also allege Texas state law deceptive trade practices claims, for which plaintiffs have asserted damages totaling approximately $9 billion by separate written notice as required by Texas law.

In one of these cases, Burnett (formerly Sitzer) et al. v. HomeServices of America, Inc. et al. (the “Burnett case”), a jury trial in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri (“U.S. District Court”) returned a verdict for the plaintiffs on October 31, 2023, finding that the named defendants participated in a conspiracy to follow and enforce the Cooperative Compensation Rule, which conspiracy had the purpose or effect of raising, inflating, or stabilizing broker commission rates paid by home sellers. The jury further found that the class plaintiffs had proved damages of $1.8 billion. Joint and several liability applies for the co-defendants. Federal law authorizes trebling of damages and the award of pre-judgment interest and attorney fees. To date, all defendants have reached settlements with the plaintiffs. All settlements received U.S. District Court approval, had final judgments entered by the court and were appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. All appeals were fully briefed by December 19, 2025, and oral arguments took place on January 14, 2026. A ruling from the court on the appeals is pending.

The final HomeServices settlement agreement reached with the plaintiffs on April 25, 2024 settles all claims asserted against HomeServices and certain of its subsidiaries in the Burnett case and effectuates a nationwide class settlement. The final settlement agreement includes scheduled payments totaling $250 million to be paid over four years. HomeServices has made payments in escrow of $130 million to date. If the settlement is not affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, HomeServices intends to vigorously appeal on multiple grounds the jury’s findings and damage award in the Burnett case, including whether the case can proceed as a class action. The appeals process and further actions could take several years.

Other legal matters

In September 2024, National Indemnity Company (“NICO”) entered into a settlement agreement concerning certain non-insurance affiliates that filed voluntary petitions under Chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of New Jersey (the “Court”) in 2023. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, NICO agreed to pay $535 million to the bankruptcy estate in consideration of a release of all estate causes of action against NICO and its affiliates. The Court’s approval of the settlement agreement over the objections of certain creditors is pending.

NICO and its affiliates also entered into a proposed Consent Decree and Environmental Settlement Agreement (“CDESA”) with the bankruptcy estate, the United States Environmental Protection Agency and various state environmental agencies to resolve certain environmental liabilities arising from various sites owned or operated by the debtor non-insurance affiliates. The CDESA was filed with the Court on April 3, 2026, and remains subject to Court’s approval.

Berkshire and certain of its subsidiaries are also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines and penalties. We currently believe that liabilities that may arise as a result of such other pending legal actions will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Commitments and other

On February 15, 2026, PacifiCorp and Portland General Electric Company and an affiliate of Portland General Electric Company (together, the “PGE Entities”) entered into an Asset Purchase and Service Area Transfer Agreement to sell to the PGE Entities certain PacifiCorp assets and liabilities associated with PacifiCorp’s Washington operations for a base sales price of $1.9 billion in cash. The transaction is subject to various regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions and is expected to close in the first half of 2027.

26

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 23. Revenues from contracts with customers

The following tables summarize customer contract revenues disaggregated by reportable segment and the source of the revenue (in millions). Other revenues, which are not considered to be revenues from contracts with customers under GAAP, are primarily insurance premiums earned, interest, dividend and other investment income and leasing revenues.

27

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 23. Revenues from contracts with customers

A summary of transaction prices allocated to the significant unsatisfied remaining performance obligations related to contracts with expected durations exceeding one year as of June 30, 2026 and the timing of when the performance obligations are expected to be satisfied follows (in millions).

Note 24. Business segment data

Berkshire’s numerous and diverse businesses are managed on an unusually decentralized basis. These businesses are aggregated into operating segments in a manner that reflects how Berkshire views the business activities. Certain operating segments are aggregated into reportable business segments based upon similar products or product lines, marketing strategies, and selling and distribution characteristics. The tabular information that follows shows data of Berkshire’s business segments reconciled to amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Intersegment transactions are not eliminated from segment results when those transactions are considered in assessing the results of the respective segments and are not considered to be material. Furthermore, investment gains and losses, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments and amortization of certain acquisition accounting adjustments or certain other corporate income and expense items are not considered in assessing the financial performance of operating businesses. Collectively, these items are included in corporate, eliminations and other to reconcile segment totals to consolidated amounts.

28

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 24. Business segment data

We view our insurance segment as possessing two distinct activities – underwriting and investing. Our underwriting activities are summarized for GEICO, Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group (“BH Primary”) and Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (“BHRG”). Earnings data of our business segments are shown in the following tables (in millions).

Other segment items related to insurance underwriting include commissions and brokerage expenses and other insurance underwriting expenses.

29

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 24. Business segment data

Other segment items of BNSF include purchased services, equipment rents and materials and other expenses.

Other segment items of BHE primarily consist of property taxes and other expenses.

Other segment items of manufacturing, service and retailing primarily consist of selling, general and administrative expenses.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 24. Business segment data

Other segment items of McLane include distribution center operating and delivery expenses and general and administrative expenses. Other segment items of Pilot primarily consist of store operating, interest and general and administrative expenses.

Reconciliations of revenues and earnings before income taxes of our business segments to the consolidated amounts follow (in millions).

31

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 24. Business segment data

Additional segment data follows (in millions).

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations

Net earnings attributable to Berkshire shareholders are disaggregated in the table that follows. Amounts are after deducting income taxes and exclude earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (in millions).

Through our subsidiaries, we engage in numerous diverse business activities. The business segment data (Note 24 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025) should be read in conjunction with this discussion.

Our periodic operating results may be affected in future periods by the impacts of ongoing macroeconomic and geopolitical conflicts and events, including wars, developing international trade policies and tariffs, as well as changes in industry or company-specific factors or events. Considerable uncertainty remains as to the ultimate outcome of these events. We are currently unable to reliably predict the ultimate impact on our businesses, whether through changes in the availability of products, supply chain costs and efficiency, and customer demand for our products and services. It is reasonably possible there could be adverse consequences on our operating businesses, as well as on our investments in equity securities, which could significantly affect our earnings.

After-tax earnings from insurance underwriting declined 13.1% in the second quarter and increased 3.6% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. We experienced no significant catastrophe events in the first six months of 2026, while after-tax losses from significant events were $850 million in the first six months of 2025. Otherwise, GEICO produced lower underwriting earnings in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, which were partially offset by increased earnings from reinsurance and other primary insurance business. After-tax earnings from insurance investment income declined $308 million (9.1%) in the second quarter and $522 million (8.3%) in the first six months of 2026 versus the same periods in 2025, attributable to lower interest income, reflecting lower interest rates.

After-tax earnings of BNSF increased 6.3% in the second quarter and 9.5% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. Earnings in 2026 benefited from higher shipping volumes and improved operating efficiencies, partly offset by increases in fuel costs and the impact of higher effective income tax rates, primarily attributable to the impacts of reductions in enacted rates in certain states in the second quarter of 2025. After-tax earnings of BHE increased 26.9% in the second quarter and 11.5% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, which reflected higher earnings from the U.S. utilities and natural gas pipelines businesses, partially offset by lower earnings from other energy businesses.

After-tax earnings from our manufacturing, service and retailing businesses increased 24.1% in the second quarter and 15.1% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increases were driven by earnings increases in our industrial products manufacturing and our services businesses.

Investment gains (losses) regularly include significant unrealized gains and losses from changes in market prices of our investments in equity securities and in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to certain of our investments. We believe that investment gains and losses, whether realized from dispositions or unrealized from changes in market prices and exchange rates, are generally meaningless in understanding our reported periodic results or evaluating our periodic economic performance. These gains and losses have caused, and will continue to cause, significant volatility in our periodic earnings.

We recorded an other-than-temporary impairment loss in the second quarter of 2025 on our investment in The Kraft Heinz Company (“Kraft Heinz”), which is accounted for under the equity method. See Note 5 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

After-tax other earnings increased $1.2 billion in the second quarter and $2.5 billion in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increases were primarily attributable to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses on Berkshire and BHFC non-U.S. Dollar denominated borrowings. The after-tax foreign currency exchange gains were $326 million in the second quarter and $575 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to losses of $877 million in the second quarter and $1.6 billion in the first six months of 2025.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations

Insurance—Underwriting

Our periodic underwriting earnings may be subject to considerable volatility from the timing and magnitude of significant property catastrophe loss events. We currently consider consolidated pre-tax losses exceeding $150 million from an event occurring in the current year to be significant. Changes in estimates for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”), including amounts established for occurrences in prior years, and foreign currency transaction gains and losses arising from the remeasurement of non-functional currency denominated assets and liabilities can also significantly affect our periodic underwriting results.

We write primary insurance and reinsurance policies covering property and casualty risks, as well as life and health risks. Our insurance and reinsurance businesses are GEICO, Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group (“BH Primary”) and Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (“BHRG”). We strive to generate pre-tax underwriting earnings (defined as premiums earned less insurance losses/benefits incurred and underwriting expenses) over the long term in all business categories, except in our retroactive reinsurance and periodic payment annuity businesses. We continue to instruct our underwriting managers to decline writing insurance business when the premiums are deemed inadequate to the risks underwritten, without regard to the impact on premium volume. Time-value-of-money concepts are important considerations in establishing premiums received at the inception of our retroactive reinsurance and periodic payment annuity contracts. While no new retroactive reinsurance or periodic payment annuity contracts have been written in recent years, we will continue to record charges to earnings related to the run-off of pre-existing contracts over the remaining claim settlement periods.

Underwriting results of our insurance businesses are summarized below (dollars in millions).

GEICO

GEICO writes property and casualty insurance policies, primarily private passenger auto insurance, in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Additionally, GEICO writes insurance for certain commercial auto risks, which currently represents less than 5% of premiums written. GEICO offers its policies mainly by direct response methods where most customers apply for insurance coverage directly to the company, and, to a lesser extent, through insurance agencies. GEICO also operates an insurance agency that offers insurance policies written by third parties for individuals desiring coverages that are generally not offered by GEICO, such as homeowners, renters, condominium, life and identity protection insurance. A summary of GEICO’s underwriting results follows (dollars in millions).

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Insurance—Underwriting

GEICO

Premiums written increased $121 million (1.1%) in the second quarter and $289 million (1.3%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, reflecting an increase in commercial auto business, partially offset by lower average premiums per policy for private passenger auto insurance. Premiums earned increased $227 million (2.1%) in the second quarter and $661 million (3.0%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025.

Losses and LAE increased $699 million (8.8%) in the second quarter and $1.6 billion (10.1%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. GEICO’s loss ratio (losses and LAE to premiums earned) was 76.6% in the second quarter and 75.3% in the first six months of 2026, increases of 4.8 percentage points and 4.9 percentage points, respectively, compared to 2025. The loss ratio increases reflected the impact of higher claims frequencies and average severities.

Private passenger auto claims frequencies increased in the first six months of 2026 for bodily injury coverage (five to seven percent range) and property damage and collision coverages (three to five percent range) compared to 2025. Private passenger auto average claims severities in the first six months of 2026 increased for bodily injury coverages (ten to twelve percent range) and property damage and collision coverages (zero to three percent range) compared to 2025. The change in reductions in ultimate loss estimates for prior accident years’ claims in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025 was relatively insignificant.

Underwriting expenses increased $355 million (27.3%) in the second quarter and $693 million (28.3%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The expense ratio (underwriting expense to premiums earned) was 14.0% in the first six months of 2026, an increase of 2.7 percentage points compared to 2025. These increases were primarily driven by increases in commissions and advertising expenses. The earnings from GEICO’s insurance agency (third-party commissions, net of operating expenses) are included as a reduction of underwriting expenses.

Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group

BH Primary consists of numerous separately managed businesses that provide a wide variety of primarily commercial insurance solutions, including healthcare professional liability, workers’ compensation, automobile, general liability, property and specialty coverages. BH Primary’s insurers include Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance Group (“BHSI”), RSUI, CapSpecialty, Berkshire Hathaway Homestate Group (“BHHC”), MedPro, GUARD Insurance Companies (“GUARD”), NICO Primary Group (“NICO Primary”), Berkshire Hathaway Direct (“BH Direct”) and U.S. Liability Insurance companies (“USLI”).

A summary of BH Primary’s underwriting results follows (dollars in millions).

Premiums written declined $200 million (4.1%) in the second quarter and $157 million (1.7%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, reflecting year-to-date declines at RSUI (13.2%) and BHSI (2.6%), as well as BHHC (5.7%) and GUARD (7.5%). Several of our primary insurance businesses reduced property volumes within the U.S. in the first six months of 2026.

Losses and LAE declined $182 million (5.7%) in the second quarter and $842 million (12.7%) in the first six months of 2026 relative to 2025. The loss ratio declined 3.9 percentage points in the second quarter and 9.2 percentage points in the first six months compared to 2025. Losses incurred from significant catastrophe occurrences in the first six months of 2025 were approximately $300 million versus none in 2026. The losses in 2025 were from wildfires in Southern California, which occurred in the first quarter. We reduced ultimate loss estimates for prior accident years’ claims by $268 million in the second quarter and $444 million in the first six months of 2026. We increased ultimate loss estimates for prior accident years’ claims by $189 million in the second quarter and $401 million in the first six months of 2025. The reductions in 2026 were primarily attributable to lower-than-expected property losses and, to a lesser extent, casualty losses. The increases in 2025 were primarily due to increases in estimated losses for casualty exposures, partially offset by reductions in property loss estimates.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Insurance—Underwriting

Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group

Underwriting expenses increased $22 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increase reflected generally higher expenses across our businesses, attributable to a combination of factors, including changes in business mix, and were partially offset by lower expenses at GUARD.

Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group

The Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (“BHRG”) offers excess-of-loss and quota-share reinsurance coverages on property and casualty risks to insurers and reinsurers worldwide through the NICO, General Re and TransRe Groups. We also write life and health reinsurance coverages through the General Re Group and Berkshire Hathaway Life Insurance Company of Nebraska. A summary of BHRG’s pre-tax underwriting results follows (in millions).

Property/casualty

A summary of property/casualty reinsurance underwriting results follows (dollars in millions).

Premiums written increased $204 million (4.1%) in the second quarter and were relatively unchanged in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. We recorded premiums written in the second quarter and first six months of $483 million from a new whole account reinsurance agreement with certain wholly-owned insurance subsidiaries of Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc. (“Tokio Marine”), which commenced on April 1, 2026. Under the agreement, NICO assumes on a quota-share basis a portion of the non-life premiums written and related losses and expenses of Tokio Marine on risks attaching over a ten-year term. Otherwise, premiums written in the second quarter and first six months of 2026 declined 5.6% and 3.8%, respectively, relative to 2025, primarily due to lower property volumes.

Losses and LAE decreased $312 million (11.3%) in the second quarter and $1.0 billion (16.2%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The loss ratio in 2026 declined 5.3 percentage points in the second quarter and 7.8 percentage points in the first six months compared to 2025. There were no losses incurred from significant catastrophe event occurrences in the first six months of 2026 compared to $760 million in 2025 from estimated wildfire losses, which occurred in the first quarter. Additionally, changes in prior accident years’ ultimate loss estimates reduced losses and LAE by $609 million in the second quarter and $869 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to $176 million and $506 million, respectively, in the corresponding 2025 periods. The reductions in each period were mostly attributable to lower-than-expected property losses.

Underwriting expenses in 2026 increased $140 million (10.7%) in the second quarter and decreased $37 million (1.3%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The expense ratio increased 3.2 percentage points in the second quarter and 0.7 percentage points in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. Underwriting expenses in 2026 reflected changes in business mix, increases in general and administrative expenses and reduced foreign currency exchange losses related to certain intercompany reinsurance contracts.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Insurance—Underwriting

Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group

Life/health

A summary of our life/health reinsurance underwriting results follows (dollars in millions).

Premiums earned increased $136 million (10.1%) in the second quarter and $212 million (8.2%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily due to favorable foreign currency translation effects and increased premiums in the U.S., primarily from U.S. life and Medicare supplement business. Pre-tax underwriting earnings were substantially unchanged in the second quarter and increased $55 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The year-to-date increase in earnings was primarily attributable to lower mortality, partly offset by increased foreign currency exchange losses.

Retroactive reinsurance

Pre-tax underwriting losses, before foreign currency exchange gains and losses, were $427 million in the first six months of 2026 versus $349 million in 2025. Losses reflected changes in estimated ultimate liabilities and related deferred charges during each period. There were no significant changes in the estimated ultimate liabilities during the first six months of 2026 and 2025. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses derive from the remeasurement of liabilities of non-functional currency denominated contracts of U.S. subsidiaries. Pre-tax foreign currency exchange gains and losses were insignificant in 2026, while in 2025, foreign currency exchange losses were $88 million in the second quarter and $128 million in the first six months.

Unpaid losses and LAE for retroactive reinsurance contracts were $30.0 billion at June 30, 2026, a decline of $1.1 billion from December 31, 2025, primarily due to loss payments. Deferred charge assets on retroactive reinsurance were $7.7 billion and $8.1 billion at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Deferred charge balances will be charged to earnings over the expected remaining claims settlement periods.

Periodic payment annuity

Pre-tax underwriting losses, before foreign currency impacts, were $152 million in the second quarter and $304 million in the first six months of 2026 versus $126 million in the second quarter and $276 million in the first six months of 2025. These losses derived primarily from the accretion of discounted annuity liabilities. Pre-tax foreign currency exchange gains on non-functional currency denominated contracts of U.S. subsidiaries were $4 million in the second quarter and $20 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to losses of $87 million in the second quarter and $136 million in the first six months of 2025. Annuity liabilities were $14.3 billion at June 30, 2026, which includes the effects of discount rate changes recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, as well as liabilities of $4.0 billion on contracts without life contingencies.

Variable annuity

Earnings or losses on our variable annuity guarantee reinsurance contracts are affected by changes in securities markets, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and policyholder behavior. While these contracts have been in run-off for many years, periodic earnings are subject to considerable volatility from the inherent volatility of market prices and rates.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Insurance—Investment Income

A summary of net investment income attributable to our insurance operations follows (dollars in millions).

Pre-tax investment income in the second quarter and first six months of 2026 declined 7.9% and 7.6%, respectively, compared to 2025, primarily attributable to lower interest income, reflecting lower short-term interest rates. Dividend income varies from period to period due to changes in the investment portfolio and the amount, frequency and timing of dividends from investees. We continue to believe that maintaining ample liquidity is paramount and insist on safety over yield with respect to short-term investments.

Invested assets of our insurance businesses derive from shareholder capital and net liabilities assumed under insurance contracts or “float.” The major components of float are unpaid losses and LAE, including liabilities under retroactive reinsurance contracts, life, annuity and health benefit liabilities, unearned premiums and certain other liabilities, which are reduced by insurance premiums receivable, reinsurance receivables, deferred charges on retroactive reinsurance contracts and deferred policy acquisition costs. The effect of discount rate changes on long-duration insurance contracts, which are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, are excluded from float, as such amounts are not included in earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Float was approximately $177.5 billion at June 30, 2026, an increase of approximately $1.1 billion from December 31, 2025. The cost of float is measured as the ratio of pre-tax underwriting earnings to float balances. Our combined insurance operations generated pre-tax underwriting earnings in the first six months of 2026 and 2025, and the average cost of float was negative in each period.

A summary of cash and investments held in our insurance businesses follows (in millions).

• Includes unsettled purchases of U.S. Treasury Bills of $771 million at June 30, 2026 and $167 million at December 31, 2025. Such amounts were also included in liabilities and were paid shortly after the respective balance sheet date.

Fixed maturity investments as of June 30, 2026 follows (in millions).

U.S. government obligations are rated AA+ or Aa1 by the major rating agencies. Approximately 95% of our foreign government investments were rated AA or higher by at least one of the major rating agencies. Foreign government securities are issued or unconditionally guaranteed by national or provincial government entities.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

BNSF

Burlington Northern Santa Fe, LLC (“BNSF”) operates one of the largest railroad systems in North America, with over 32,500 route miles of track in 28 states. BNSF also operates in three Canadian provinces. BNSF classifies its major business groups by type of product shipped, including consumer products, agricultural and energy products, industrial products and coal. A summary of BNSF’s earnings follows (dollars in millions).

A summary of BNSF’s railroad freight volumes by business group follows (cars/units in thousands).

Railroad operating revenues increased in the second quarter and the first six months of 2026 by 14.6% and 9.8%, respectively, compared to 2025. Car/unit volume increased 6.5% and 4.3%, respectively, in the second quarter and the first six months of 2026 relative to the same periods in 2025. Average revenue per car/unit increased 7.6% in the second quarter and 5.3% in the first six months of 2026, primarily from higher fuel surcharge revenue and higher yield. Pre-tax earnings increased 13.9% in the second quarter and 13.7% in the first six months of 2026 versus 2025.

Consumer products operating revenues were $2.4 billion in the second quarter and $4.4 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 20.5% and 10.3%, respectively, from 2025. The revenue increases were attributable to higher average revenue per car/unit primarily from higher fuel surcharge revenue and increases in international and domestic volumes. Volumes in the second quarter and the first six months of 2026 increased 9.3% and 5.3%, respectively, in relation to 2025, primarily due to higher intermodal shipments resulting from higher west coast imports, market share gains and tightening truck capacity.

Agricultural and energy products operating revenues were $1.9 billion in the second quarter and $3.7 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 17.9% and 16.4%, respectively, from 2025. The revenue increases in 2026 were attributable to higher average revenue per car/unit, arising from higher fuel surcharge revenue, higher yield and volume increases of 11.5% in both the second quarter and first six months relative to 2025. The volume increases were primarily due to higher grain exports, petroleum fuels and oilseeds and meals.

Industrial products operating revenues were $1.4 billion in the second quarter and $2.6 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 9.1% and 5.9%, respectively, from 2025. The revenue increases were attributable to higher average revenue per car/unit from higher fuel surcharge revenue and higher yield, along with higher volumes (3.1% in the second quarter and 1.3% in the first six months). The volume increases were primarily due to higher steel, aggregates and cement shipments.

Coal operating revenues were $722 million in the second quarter and $1.5 billion in the first six months of 2026, slight increases from the same periods in 2025. The revenue increases were attributable to higher average revenue per car/unit from higher fuel surcharge revenue and higher yield, partially offset by lower volumes. The volume declines were primarily due to plant retirements and lower demand, attributable to lower natural gas prices.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

BNSF

Railroad operating expenses increased $579 million (15.6%) in the second quarter and $635 million (8.4%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. Compensation and benefits expenses increased $26 million (1.9%) in the second quarter and less than 1% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increases were primarily due to wage inflation, offset by improved employee productivity. Fuel expenses increased $475 million (68.1%) in the second quarter and $473 million (32.2%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, reflecting higher average fuel prices in the second quarter and higher volume, partially offset by increased fuel efficiency. Equipment rents, materials and other expenses increased $38 million (8.3%) in the second quarter and $69 million (7.2%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increases were primarily related to higher litigation and casualty related expenses. There were no significant changes in purchased services or depreciation and amortization expense.

The effective income tax rate increased 5.4 percentage points in the second quarter and 2.9 percentage points in the first six months of 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025, primarily due to the impact of lower enacted state income tax rates in the second quarter of 2025.

BHE

Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company (“BHE”) is a holding company with subsidiaries that primarily operate within the energy industry. BHE’s domestic regulated utility interests include PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy Company (“MEC”) and NV Energy. BHE’s natural gas pipelines consist of five domestic regulated interstate natural gas pipeline systems and a 75% interest in a liquefied natural gas export, import and storage facility. Other energy subsidiaries operate two regulated electricity distribution businesses in Great Britain (“Northern Powergrid”), a regulated electricity transmission-only business in Alberta, Canada, and a diversified portfolio of mostly renewable power projects and investments. Another BHE subsidiary, HomeServices of America, Inc. (“HomeServices”), operates a residential real estate brokerage business and a residential real estate brokerage franchise business in the United States.

The rates BHE’s regulated utility and energy businesses charge customers for energy and services are largely based on the costs of business operations, including income taxes and a return on capital, and are subject to regulatory approval. To the extent such costs are not allowed in the approved rates, operating results will be adversely affected. A summary of BHE’s net earnings follows (dollars in millions).

• Includes significant production tax credits primarily from wind-powered electricity generation.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

BHE

The discussion of BHE’s operating results that follows is based on after-tax earnings, reflecting how the energy businesses are managed and evaluated. A summary of net earnings attributable to BHE follows (dollars in millions).

The U.S. utilities operate independently in several states, including Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and other Western states (PacifiCorp), Iowa and Illinois (MEC) and Nevada (NV Energy). Net earnings increased $163 million (37.6%) in the second quarter and $94 million (10.9%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, reflecting increases in electric utility margin and other income combined with higher income tax benefits from recognized production tax credits, partially offset by increases in interest expense and energy operating expenses.

The U.S. utilities’ electric utility margin was $2.3 billion in the second quarter and $4.3 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of $171 million (8.1%) and $218 million (5.4%), respectively, compared to 2025. The second quarter increase reflected higher retail customer volumes and lower thermal generation and purchased electricity cost of sales. The first six months increase reflected higher retail customer rates in certain territories, lower thermal generation cost of sales, higher retail customer volumes and higher wholesale volumes and prices, partially offset by higher purchased electricity cost of sales. Retail customer volumes increased 3.1% overall (up 6.0% at MEC, 4.3% at NV Energy and 0.8% at PacifiCorp) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily due to higher customer usage and an increase in the average number of customers, partially offset by an overall unfavorable impact of weather. The increase in energy operating expenses was primarily due to vegetation management and other wildfire prevention costs, as well as general and plant maintenance costs.

Net earnings of natural gas pipelines increased $59 million in the second quarter and $177 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increases reflected higher transportation and storage revenues from a general rate case and higher variable liquefied natural gas revenues from colder weather, mainly in the first quarter of 2026.

Net earnings of other energy businesses decreased $12 million in the second quarter and $104 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The decreases were primarily due to lower earnings at Northern Powergrid from lower distribution revenues due to lower tariffs from inflation adjustments beginning in the second quarter of 2025 and higher interest expense.

Net earnings of real estate brokerage businesses decreased $25 million in the second quarter and $22 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily due to charges in the second quarter of 2026 associated with a settlement reached in the ongoing real estate industry litigation matters. The real estate brokerage business continues to be negatively impacted by the limited availability of homes for sale and high home prices.

Corporate interest and other net losses include BHE corporate interest expense and unallocated general and administrative expenses and income taxes, including tax credits recognized on a consolidated basis.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

A summary of revenues and earnings of our manufacturing, service and retailing businesses follows (dollars in millions).

• Excludes certain acquisition accounting expenses, primarily related to amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with certain of our business acquisitions. The after-tax acquisition accounting expenses excluded from earnings were $113 million in the second quarter and $227 million in the first six months of 2026 and $124 million in the second quarter and $248 million in the first six months of 2025. These expenses are included in “Other” in the summary of earnings on page 33 and in the “Other” earnings table on page 47.

Manufacturing

Our manufacturing group consists of a variety of industrial, building and consumer products businesses. A summary of revenues and pre-tax earnings of these operations follows (dollars in millions).

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

Industrial products

The industrial products group includes complex metal components and products for aerospace, power and general industrial markets (Precision Castparts Corp. (PCC)), specialty chemicals (The Lubrizol Corporation (Lubrizol)), metal cutting tools/systems (IMC International Metalworking Companies (IMC)), and Marmon Holdings, Inc. (Marmon) which consists of numerous autonomous manufacturing, service and leasing businesses aggregated into twelve groups. Other industrial products members also produce equipment and systems for the livestock and agricultural industries (CTB International), drag reducing agents for pipelines (LiquidPower Specialty Products), structural steel fabrication products (W&W|AFCO) and beginning in August 2025, rodent control products (Bell Laboratories). On January 2, 2026, Berkshire acquired a chemicals business (OxyChem) from Occidental Petroleum Corporation. OxyChem produces basic chemicals and its results are included in Berkshire’s consolidated results beginning as of the acquisition date.

Revenues of the industrial products group were $12.2 billion in the second quarter and $23.3 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of $2.6 billion (27.3%) and $4.7 billion (25.5%), respectively, compared to the same periods in 2025, primarily attributable to business acquisitions and increases at several of our pre-existing business units. Pre-tax earnings increased $749 million (41.0%) in the second quarter and $1.1 billion (32.2%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. Pre-tax earnings as a percentage of revenues for the group were 19.3% for the first six months of 2026, an increase of 1.0 percentage points compared to 2025.

PCC’s revenues were $3.1 billion in the second quarter and $6.0 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 14.4% in the second quarter and 11.4% in the first six months compared to 2025. The increases were driven by increased sales of aerospace and industrial gas turbine power products, primarily attributable to strong customer demand and higher prices, due in part to rising costs of certain raw materials. PCC’s pre-tax earnings increased 34.2% in the second quarter and 33.6% in the first six months of 2026 relative to 2025. The earnings increases in 2026 reflected aerospace and industrial gas turbine sales growth, improved manufacturing and operating efficiencies and favorable changes in business mix. Earnings in 2025 and 2026 were impacted by a fire at a fasteners facility that occurred in the first quarter of 2025. Future sales and earnings growth will depend on successfully increasing production and expanding capacity, as necessary, to meet customer demand.

Lubrizol’s revenues were $1.8 billion in the second quarter and $3.4 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 11.1% and 7.0%, respectively, compared to 2025. The increases were primarily attributable to higher volumes and selling prices and favorable foreign currency translation effects, partially offset by unfavorable product mix. The increases in selling prices were necessitated by significant increases in raw materials, energy and supply chain costs that began in the latter part of the first quarter and continued through the second quarter of 2026, resulting in increased production costs. Lubrizol’s pre-tax earnings increased 23.4% in the second quarter and 16.5% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increases were primarily attributable to the impacts of higher sales volumes and selling prices, partially offset by higher raw materials and manufacturing costs and unfavorable product mix.

Marmon’s revenues were $3.5 billion in the second quarter and $6.9 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 4.9% and 5.4%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2025. The increases were primarily attributable to the transition of Acme Brick from our building products group to Marmon beginning January 1, 2026. Otherwise, revenues were up marginally in each period. In the first six months of 2026, revenue increases were produced by the Plumbing & Refrigeration (19.2%) and Electrical (11.9%) groups, primarily attributable to higher metals prices and increased volumes in the Plumbing & Refrigeration group. These increases were substantially offset by lower revenues from the Retail Solutions (18.3%), Rail & Leasing (7.9%), Industrial Products (4.6%) and Water Technologies (3.3%) groups, primarily due to combinations of lower sales volumes and business divestitures.

Marmon’s pre-tax earnings increased 10.3% in the second quarter and 6.1% in the first six months of 2026 in comparison with 2025, primarily due to gains on business divestitures and real estate disposals and the addition of Acme Brick. Otherwise, operating results among the business groups were mixed. Earnings in the second quarter of 2026 increased in the Rail & Leasing group due to gains on railcar sales, efficiencies in repair operations, and higher lease rates. Plumbing & Refrigeration group earnings in each period of 2026 increased due to higher copper spreads. These increases were partially offset by the lower earnings in the Transportation Products, Water Technologies and Foodservice Technologies groups, attributable to lower sales volumes.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

IMC’s revenues were approximately $1.3 billion in the second quarter and $2.5 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 26.5% and 23.6%, respectively, compared to 2025. IMC has experienced significant raw materials price increases, which began in 2025 and continued through the first six months of 2026. Customer demand and product sales also increased over the first six months of 2026, primarily attributable to customers accelerating purchases. IMC’s pre-tax earnings in the second quarter and first six months of 2026 increased 71.0% and 56.6%, respectively, relative to 2025, reflecting increases in sales and gross margin rates, including favorable fixed manufacturing cost absorption and product sales mix, partially offset by higher raw materials costs and selling expenses. IMC’s earnings over the second half of 2026 are expected to be negatively impacted by the rise in raw materials costs. IMC operates globally, and a large portion of its products are manufactured in Israel. IMC’s operations in Israel have not been significantly impacted by the conflicts in the region.

OxyChem’s revenues were $1.4 billion in the second quarter and $2.6 billion in the first six months of 2026. OxyChem generated pre-tax earnings of $149 million in the second quarter and $121 million in the first six months of 2026, which included the impacts of incremental acquisition accounting depreciation and amortization, as well as other transition costs associated with the acquisition. In addition, revenues and earnings increases were also generated in the first six months of 2026 by each of the other industrial products businesses.

Building products

The building products group includes manufactured (factory-built) and site-built home construction and related lending and financial services (Clayton Homes). Other building products businesses currently include flooring (Shaw), insulation, roofing and engineered products (Johns Manville), paint and coatings (Benjamin Moore) and residential and commercial construction and engineering products and systems (MiTek). Berkshire acquired Taylor Morrison Home Corporation, a homebuilder, on July 24, 2026, which will be included in our building products group beginning as of that date. See Note 2 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenues of the building products group increased $61 million (0.9%) in the second quarter and declined $118 million (0.9%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. Pre-tax earnings increased $75 million (7.2%) in the second quarter and were relatively unchanged in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. Certain of our building products businesses experienced lower customer demand, attributable to relatively low home construction activity in the first six months of 2026.

Clayton Homes’ revenues were $3.4 billion in the second quarter and $6.3 billion in the first six months of 2026, increases of 2.8% and 0.9%, respectively, compared to 2025. Home sales revenues increased 1.7% in the second quarter and declined 1.3% in the first six months of 2026, relative to the corresponding 2025 periods. New home unit sales increased 2.3% in the second quarter and declined 3.3% in the first six months of 2026 relative to 2025. In the first six months of 2026, average prices for factory-built homes increased 3.3%, attributable to changes in sales mix, while average prices for site-built homes declined 2.3% versus 2025. Financial services revenues increased 9.5% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily due to increased interest income from higher average loan balances and average interest rates. Loan balances, net of discounts and allowances for credit losses, were approximately $30.4 billion as of June 30, 2026, an increase of 7.8% since June 30, 2025. Loan portfolios are largely funded by borrowings from Berkshire finance affiliates.

Clayton Homes’ pre-tax earnings were $468 million in the second quarter and $861 million in the first six months of 2026, declines of 3.5% and 5.9%, respectively, versus 2025. The declines reflected lower earnings from home building, partially offset by increased earnings from financial services. The decline in home building earnings was due to lower year-to-date sales volume and overall gross margin rates and slightly higher selling general and administrative expenses. The increase in financial services earnings was primarily due to higher interest income and lower insurance claims expense, partially offset by increased interest expense on increased borrowings from affiliates. The corresponding interest income from these borrowings is included in the “Other” earnings section on page 47.

Our other building products businesses generated revenues of approximately $3.6 billion in the second quarter and $6.7 billion in the first six months of 2026, declines of $30 million (0.8%) and $173 million (2.5%) respectively, versus 2025, primarily attributable to the transition of Acme Brick to Marmon beginning January 1, 2026. Revenues of the remaining businesses increased 3.4% in the second quarter and 1.6% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. Revenues in 2026 generally reflected higher selling prices and lower volumes across several product categories. Other building products pre-tax earnings increased $92 million (16.6%) in the second quarter and $48 million (4.7%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The earnings increases reflected the impact of refunds received in the second quarter of 2026 on trade tariffs paid primarily in 2025, as well as lower restructuring and legal settlement costs, partially offset by the impact of the Acme Brick transition. Before such items, pre-tax earnings declined 8.8% in the second quarter and 8.9% in the first six months of 2026 relative to 2025.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

Consumer products

The consumer products group includes leisure vehicles (Forest River), several apparel and footwear operations (including Fruit of the Loom, Garan, H.H. Brown Shoe Group and Brooks Sports) and a manufacturer of high-performance alkaline batteries (Duracell). This group also includes a global toy company (Jazwares), jewelry products (Richline) and custom picture framing products (Larson-Juhl).

Consumer products group revenues were $3.4 billion in the second quarter and $6.9 billion in the first six months of 2026, declines of 2.0% and 1.8%, respectively, compared to 2025. The revenue declines were driven by reductions at Fruit of the Loom and Forest River, primarily attributable to lower sales volumes, unfavorable changes in sales mix and the impacts of exiting unprofitable lines of business at Fruit of the Loom, partially offset by higher average selling prices. These declines were partially offset by revenue increases at Brooks Sports, Duracell, Jazwares and Richline, attributable to combinations of higher volumes, changes in sales mix and/or favorable foreign currency translation effects.

Pre-tax earnings of our consumer products group increased 12.2% in the second quarter and 19.1% in the first six months of 2026 versus 2025. The earnings increase in the first six months of 2026 was primarily attributable to earnings increases from Brooks Sports, Duracell and Jazwares, partially offset by lower earnings from Forest River. The increases at Brooks Sports and Jazwares were primarily attributable to the increases in sales and gross margin rates, as well as the impact of trade tariff refunds received in the second quarter of 2026. The increase at Duracell was largely due to increased advanced manufacturing production tax credits, which are included in pre-tax earnings, partially offset by increased selling, general and administrative expenses. The earnings decline from Forest River was primarily due to the reduction of gross margins from lower sales and unfavorable changes in sales mix, partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses.

Service and retailing

A summary of revenues and pre-tax earnings of our service and retailing businesses follows (dollars in millions).

Service

Our service group includes NetJets and FlightSafety (aviation services), which offer shared ownership programs for general aviation aircraft and high technology training products and services to operators of aircraft, and TTI, a distributor of electronics components. Our other service businesses franchise and service a network of quick service restaurants (Dairy Queen), lease transportation equipment (XTRA) and furniture (CORT), provide third party logistics services that primarily serve the petroleum and chemical industries (Charter Brokerage), distribute electronic news, multimedia and regulatory filings (Business Wire), provide various facilities engineering and construction management services (IPS-Integrated Project Services, LLC (IPS)) and operate a television station in Miami, Florida (WPLG). McLane, which we view as a service business, is addressed separately since it is deemed a separate segment for financial reporting purposes.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

Service group revenues increased $1.2 billion (21.1%) in the second quarter and $2.1 billion (19.1%) in the first six months of 2026 relative to 2025, driven by TTI, aviation services and IPS. Revenues increased in the first six months at TTI (26.5%), aviation services (15.5%) and IPS (22.5%). The revenue increase at TTI reflected accelerating customer demand, favorable foreign currency translation effects and inventory cost-based price increases. The increase in demand, in part, was attributable to customers responding to potential further price increases and supply chain concerns, including extended inventory order lead times. The revenue increase from aviation services was primarily due to increases in the number of aircraft in shared ownership programs, in-flight hours flown, training hours and average prices. The revenue increase at IPS was primarily attributable to life sciences construction and other construction consulting services.

Service group pre-tax earnings increased $150 million (20.6%) in the second quarter and $287 million (20.8%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily attributable to TTI and aviation services. Pre-tax earnings as a percentage of revenues rose 0.2 percentage points in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The earnings increases from TTI reflected increases in revenues, favorable foreign currency translation effects and improved expense leverage. Inventory cost and supply chain uncertainties could negatively impact TTI’s gross margins in the future. The earnings increases from aviation services were primarily attributable to increased revenues, partially offset by higher flight crew and instructor costs and higher maintenance, fuel, subcontract and other variable costs.

McLane

McLane Company, Inc. (“McLane”) operates a wholesale distribution business that provides grocery and non-food consumer products to retailers and convenience stores (“retail”) and to restaurants (“restaurant”). McLane also operates businesses that are wholesale distributors of distilled spirits, wine and beer (“beverage”). McLane’s retail and restaurant businesses generate very high sales volumes and low profit margins.

McLane’s revenues declined 3.8% in the second quarter and 2.9% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily due to lower retail business sales (8.9% year-to-date), partially offset by increased restaurant sales (7.4% year-to-date) and gains from asset sales. The decline in retail business sales was attributable to lower volumes, primarily from net customer losses, and changes in business mix. The comparative increase in restaurant business was attributable to increased volumes and cost-based price increases. Pre-tax earnings declined $3 million (1.7%) in the second quarter and $40 million (11.2%) in the first six months of 2026 relative to 2025, reflecting declines in the overall gross margins, partially offset by higher other income and the gains from asset sales in the first quarter of 2026.

Retailing

Our retailing businesses include Berkshire Hathaway Automotive, Inc. (“BHA”), which consists of over 80 auto dealerships that sell new and pre-owned automobiles and offer repair services and related products. BHA also offers and insures vehicle service contracts and related insurance products. Our retailing businesses also include four home furnishings businesses (Nebraska Furniture Mart, R.C. Willey, Jordan’s and Star Furniture), which sell furniture, appliances, flooring and electronics.

Other retailing businesses include three jewelry businesses (Borsheims, Helzberg and Ben Bridge), See’s Candies (confectionery products), Pampered Chef (high-quality kitchen tools), Oriental Trading Company (party supplies, school supplies and toys and novelties) and Detlev Louis Motorrad, a retailer of motorcycle accessories based in Germany. Pilot Travel Centers (“Pilot”), which we view primarily as a retailing business, is addressed separately since it is deemed a segment for financial reporting purposes.

Retailing group aggregate revenues were relatively unchanged in the second quarter and declined 0.9% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. BHA’s revenues represented about 70% of retailing group revenues in the first six months of 2026. BHA’s revenue increased 0.5% in the second quarter and declined 1.3% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. New and pre-owned vehicle retail sales declined 2.0% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, reflecting lower unit sales, partially offset by favorable changes in sales mix. Additionally, BHA’s service contract revenues increased in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, while parts/service/repair operation revenues were flat.

Aggregate revenues of the other retailing businesses were relatively unchanged in the second quarter and first six months of 2026 versus 2025. Several of our other retailing businesses continued to experience sluggish customer demand, attributable to a combination of increased competition and the impacts of higher economic uncertainty and changes in consumer confidence.

Retailing group pre-tax earnings increased $11 million (2.9%) in the second quarter and $14 million (2.1%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. BHA’s pre-tax earnings increased 5.1% in the second quarter and 4.4% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily attributable to increased earnings from service contracts operations, partially offset by lower gross sales margins. Aggregate pre-tax earnings for the remainder of our retailing group declined 2.8% in the second quarter and 5.8% in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025.

46

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

Pilot

Pilot operates travel centers, primarily under the names Pilot or Flying J, and fuel-only retail locations. Pilot also operates large wholesale fuel and fuel marketing platforms in the U.S. Pilot’s revenues increased $4.8 billion (47.7%) in the second quarter and $5.6 billion (27.5%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increases reflected higher fuel prices, partially offset by slightly lower fuel volumes.

Pilot’s pre-tax earnings increased $171 million (143.7%) in the second quarter and declined $47 million (16.4%) in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025. The increase in the second quarter was primarily due to higher gross margins, partially offset by increases in depreciation and amortization and store operating and general and administrative expenses. The earnings decline in the first six months reflected the impact of gains from asset dispositions in 2025, which did not repeat in 2026, and increases in the expenses previously noted, partially offset by increased gross margins. Gross margins in 2026 were negatively affected by net losses on derivative contracts included in earnings from increases in fuel and commodity prices. The effects of price increases on the underlying physical inventory and commodity values are deferred until sold. Volatility in fuel prices can produce volatility in Pilot’s periodic earnings.

Investment Gains (Losses)

A summary of investment gains (losses) follows (dollars in millions).

Unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in market prices of our investments in equity securities are included in our reported earnings, which significantly increases the volatility of our periodic net earnings due to the magnitude of our equity securities portfolio and the inherent volatility of equity securities prices. Unrealized gains and losses on our investments in equity securities also include the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on investments in equity securities of non-U.S. issuers that are held by our U.S.-based subsidiaries.

Pre-tax investment gains and losses included net unrealized gains of $15.6 billion in the second quarter and $12.8 billion in the first six months of 2026 and $7.6 billion in the second quarter and $1.2 billion in the first six months of 2025 attributable to changes during the period in market prices on equity securities we held at the end of each period. Taxable investment gains and losses on equity securities sold, which are generally the difference between sales proceeds and the original cost basis of the securities sold, were gains of $2.3 billion in the second quarter and $9.5 billion in the first six months of 2026 compared to $5.3 billion in the second quarter and $8.4 billion in the first six months of 2025.

We believe that investment gains and losses, whether realized from sales or unrealized from changes in market prices, are often meaningless in terms of understanding our reported consolidated earnings or evaluating our periodic economic performance. We also continue to believe the investment gains and losses recorded in earnings in any given period have little analytical or predictive value.

Other

A summary of after-tax other earnings follows (in millions).

• Excludes other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investment in Kraft Heinz. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Other

Investment income includes corporate interest income and dividend income not allocated to operating businesses. After-tax corporate investment income increased $91 million in the second quarter and $189 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025, primarily due to increased investments in U.S. Treasury Bills, including investments derived from capital distributions from Berkshire subsidiaries, partially offset by lower interest rates.

Foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses on Berkshire’s and BHFC’s senior notes represent the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates recognized in earnings from the periodic revaluation of non-U.S. Dollar denominated senior note liabilities into U.S. Dollars. The gains and losses recorded in any given period can be significant due to the size of the borrowings and the inherent volatility in foreign currency exchange rates.

Equity method earnings include our proportionate share of earnings of Kraft Heinz, Occidental and Berkadia. After-tax equity method earnings increased $27 million in the second quarter and $66 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to 2025 due to increased earnings from Kraft Heinz, partially offset by lower earnings from Occidental and Berkadia. Historically, we recorded our share of Occidental earnings on a one-quarter lag and, during the second quarter of 2025, we began recording our share of Kraft Heinz’s earnings on a one-quarter lag.

Acquisition accounting expenses include charges arising from the application of the acquisition method of accounting in connection with certain of Berkshire’s past business acquisitions. These charges are primarily from the amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with those acquisitions. Other earnings and losses primarily include unallocated corporate and other general and administrative expenses, interest expense, income tax expense and interest income on certain intercompany loans.

Financial Condition

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet continues to reflect significant liquidity and a very strong capital base. Berkshire’s shareholders’ equity at June 30, 2026 was $747.9 billion, an increase of $30.5 billion since December 31, 2025. Net earnings attributable to Berkshire shareholders were $35.8 billion for the first six months of 2026 and included after-tax investment gains of approximately $11.4 billion. Investment gains and losses from changes in the market prices of our investments in equity securities usually produce significant volatility in our earnings.

Berkshire’s common stock repurchase program permits Berkshire to repurchase its Class A and Class B shares at prices below Berkshire’s intrinsic value, as conservatively determined by Berkshire’s Chief Executive Officer after consultation with the Chairman of the Board. We are not committed to a minimum or subject to a maximum repurchase amount. We will not repurchase our stock if it reduces our consolidated cash, cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury Bills holdings to below $30 billion. Financial strength and redundant liquidity will always be of paramount importance at Berkshire. Berkshire acquired $4.8 billion of treasury stock in the first six months of 2026, most of which was in the second quarter.

At June 30, 2026, our insurance and other businesses held investments in cash, cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury Bills (net of payables for unsettled purchases) of $359.2 billion. Investments in equity and fixed maturity securities, excluding our equity method investments, were $340.8 billion. On January 2, 2026, Berkshire acquired OxyChem for approximately $9.4 billion. Additionally, Berkshire acquired Taylor Morrison Home Corporation on July 24, 2026, for aggregate cash consideration of approximately $6.8 billion.

Excluding borrowings of BHE and BNSF, our borrowings at June 30, 2026 were $43.3 billion, predominantly issued by Berkshire and BHFC. Berkshire’s outstanding debt at June 30, 2026 was $20.4 billion, a decrease of $2.3 billion since December 31, 2025, primarily attributable to repayments of maturing debt of $3.3 billion and reductions in carrying values due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by debt issued in April. Berkshire issued ¥272.3 billion ($1.7 billion) of senior notes in April 2026 with maturity dates ranging from 2029 to 2056 and a weighted average interest rate of 2.4%.

Senior note borrowings of BHFC, a wholly-owned financing subsidiary, were approximately $18.2 billion at June 30, 2026, a decline of $72 million from December 31, 2025, primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. BHFC’s borrowings are used to fund a portion of home loans originated and acquired by Clayton Homes and equipment held for lease by Marmon’s railcar leasing business. Berkshire guarantees BHFC’s senior notes for the full and timely payment of principal and interest.

BNSF’s outstanding debt was $23.5 billion as of June 30, 2026, a decrease of $532 million from December 31, 2025. BHE’s aggregate borrowings were $61.8 billion at June 30, 2026, an increase of $2.5 billion from December 31, 2025. In the first six months of 2026, BHE subsidiaries issued $4.6 billion of term debt, with a weighted average interest rate of 5.8% and maturity dates ranging from 2029 to 2056. BHE subsidiaries repaid term debt of $1.3 billion and reduced short-term borrowings by $623 million. Berkshire does not guarantee the repayment of debt issued by BNSF, BHE or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Financial Condition

In the first six months of 2026, our diverse group of businesses generated net cash flows from operating activities of $21.7 billion. Our consolidated capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment and equipment held for lease were $10.6 billion in the first six months of 2026, of which $6.7 billion was attributable to BNSF and BHE. BNSF and BHE maintain very large investments in capital assets (property, plant and equipment) and regularly make significant capital expenditures in the normal course of business. BHE and BNSF forecast capital expenditures of approximately $8.6 billion over the remainder of 2026.

Contractual Obligations

We are party to other contracts associated with ongoing business activities, which will result in cash payments to counterparties in future periods. Certain obligations are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, such as borrowings, operating lease liabilities and shared aircraft repurchase liabilities.

We are also obligated to pay claims arising from property and casualty contracts issued by our insurance subsidiaries, including amounts from retroactive reinsurance. However, the timing and amount of the payments under insurance and reinsurance contracts are contingent upon the outcome of future events. Actual payments will likely vary, perhaps materially, from any forecasted payments, as well as from the liabilities recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We anticipate that these payments will be funded by cash flows from operating activities.

Other obligations pertaining to the acquisition of goods or services in the future, such as certain purchase obligations, are not currently reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements and will be recognized in future periods as the goods are delivered or services are provided. Except as otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report, our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2026 were, in the aggregate, not materially different from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Berkshire’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting policies require us to make estimates and judgments in determining the amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Such estimates and judgments necessarily involve varying and possibly significant degrees of uncertainty. Accordingly, certain amounts currently recorded in our Consolidated Financial Statements will likely be adjusted in the future based on new available information and changes in other facts and circumstances. Reference is made to “Critical Accounting Estimates” discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Berkshire’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2026 included estimated liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses from property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts of $152.9 billion. Due to the inherent uncertainties in the processes of establishing these liabilities, the actual ultimate claim amounts will likely differ from the currently recorded amounts. A small percentage change in estimates of this magnitude can result in a material effect on periodic earnings. The effects from changes in these estimates are recorded as a component of insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses in the period of the change.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2026 included goodwill of acquired businesses of $83.1 billion and indefinite-lived intangible assets of $19.0 billion. In connection with the annual goodwill impairment review conducted in the fourth quarter of 2025, our estimated fair values of four reporting units did not exceed our carrying values by at least 20%, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Our estimated aggregate fair value of these units at that time was approximately $27.7 billion, which exceeded our aggregate carrying value of approximately $26.2 billion. Goodwill of these reporting units totaled approximately $9.2 billion.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment reviews include determining the estimated fair values of the reporting units and of the indefinite-lived intangible assets. Several methods and inputs may be used to estimate fair values, and significant judgments are required in making such estimates. Due to the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty in forecasting future cash flows and earnings over long periods of time, actual results may differ materially from the forecasts.

As of June 30, 2026, we concluded that more likely than not, the goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheet were not impaired. However, the fair value estimates of the reporting units and assets are subject to change based on market and economic conditions, as well as events affecting our businesses or the industries in which they operate, which we cannot reliably predict. It is reasonably possible that adverse changes in such conditions or events could result in the recognition of impairment losses in our Consolidated Financial Statements in the future.

Information concerning accounting pronouncements to be adopted in the future is included in Note 1 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

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