Chimera Investment Corp. CIM Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2026

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2026 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2025 (Derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025) 3

Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 4

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 5

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 9

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 60

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 93

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 100

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 100

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 100

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 100

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION 100

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 101

SIGNATURES 103

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our” or “the Company” refer to Chimera Investment Corporation and its subsidiaries unless specifically stated otherwise or the context otherwise indicates. The following defines certain of the commonly used terms in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

• Agency refers to a federally chartered corporation, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), or an agency of the U.S. Government, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”);
• GSE refers to a government-sponsored enterprise, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae;
• FHFA refers to the Federal Housing Financing Agency;
• CFPB refers to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau;
• VA refers to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs;
• HUD refers to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development;
• FHA refers to the Federal Housing Administration;
• MBS refers to mortgage-backed securities secured by pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans;
• Agency MBS refers to MBS that are issued or guaranteed by an Agency and includes Agency RMBS and Agency CMBS collectively;
• RMBS refers to mortgage-backed securities secured by pools of residential mortgage loans;
• Pass-through refers to Agency-issued pass-through RMBS collateralized primarily by pools of fixed-rate single-family mortgage loans;
• CMBS refers to mortgage-backed securities secured by pools of commercial mortgage loans;
• Agency RMBS and Agency CMBS refer to MBS that are secured by pools of residential and commercial mortgage loans, respectively, and are issued or guaranteed by an Agency;
• Agency CMO refers to collateralized mortgage obligations guaranteed by an Agency and are included in Agency RMBS;
• Non-Agency RMBS refers to residential MBS that are not guaranteed by any agency of the U.S. Government or any Agency;
• Non-MTM refers to non-mark-to-market facilities, which are financial arrangements that do not require the regular revaluation of assets based on current market prices, often used for loans or securities where the value is assessed based on other criteria;
• Limited-MTM refers to limited mark-to-market facilities (meaning, the market value of the collateral must drop below a threshold before a lender can issue a margin call or some other limitation such as magnitude of rate move or other financial variables);
• RTLs refer to residential transition loans;
• Investor Loans refer to loans secured by non-owner-occupied properties that may or may not be underwritten using property level debt-service-coverage-ratios;
• HELOCs refer to home equity lines of credit;
• ABS refers to asset-backed securities;
• RPLs refer to re-performing loans;
• IOs refers to interest-only securities;
• MSRs refer to mortgage servicing rights;
• QM refers to qualified mortgages that are designed for borrowers who meet traditional lending criteria and comply with regulatory standards for safety and affordability;
• Non-QM refers to consumer non-qualified mortgages that are designed for borrowers who do not meet traditional qualified mortgage standards;
• FICO refers to Fair Isaac Corporation;
• LTV refers to loan-to-value;
• CDO refers to collateralized debt obligation;
• LHFS refers to loans held-for-sale;
• IRLC refers to interest rate lock commitments;
• UPB refers to unpaid principal balance;
• TBAs or TBA Securities refer to To-Be-Announced securities;
• REO refers to real estate owned;
• NYSE refers to the New York Stock Exchange; and
• SIFMA refers to the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association.

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) The Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition include assets of consolidated variable interest entities, or VIEs, that can only be used to settle obligations and liabilities of the VIE for which creditors do not have recourse to the primary beneficiary (Chimera Investment Corporation). As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, total assets of consolidated VIEs were $7,524,605 and $9,215,343, respectively, and total liabilities of consolidated VIEs were $5,316,717 and $6,533,891, respectively. See Note 10 for further discussion.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

(1) Includes interest income of consolidated VIEs of $129,069 and $144,402 for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 respectively. See Note 10 for further discussion.

(2) Includes interest expense of consolidated VIEs of $63,879 and $69,651 for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. See Note 10 for further discussion.

(3) Includes interest income from investment in MSR financing receivables of a consolidated VIE of $1,395 for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The Company did not hold any interests in MSR financing receivables for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. See Note 10 for further discussion.

(4) Includes a related-party, non-cash imputed compensation expense from the Palisades Acquisition of $341 during both quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

• CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION
• CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
• (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
• (Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

• CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION
• NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
• (Unaudited)

1. Organization

Chimera Investment Corporation, or the Company, was incorporated in Maryland on June 1, 2007 and started trading on the NYSE in November 2007. The Company elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations promulgated thereunder, or the Code.

The Company is a diversified real estate company that invests in, originates, and manages primarily residential real estate assets. The assets it may invest in for itself and manage for others through its wholly-owned subsidiary Palisades Advisory Services, LLC (“PAS”) include residential mortgage loans, Non-Agency RMBS, Agency RMBS, RTLs, Investor Loans, MSRs and other real estate-related assets such as Agency CMBS, junior liens and HELOCs, equity appreciation rights, and reverse mortgages. Also, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, HomeXpress Mortgage Corp. (“HomeXpress”), it primarily originates Non-QM residential mortgage loans (both consumer loans and Investor Loans) as well as a smaller amount of QM residential mortgage loans.

The Company conducts its operations through various subsidiaries including subsidiaries it treats as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. In general, a TRS may hold assets and engage in activities that the Company cannot hold or engage in directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. The Company currently has thirteen wholly-owned direct subsidiaries: Chimera RMBS Whole Pool LLC and Chimera RMBS LLC formed in June 2009; CIM Trading Company LLC, or CIM Trading, formed in July 2010; Chimera Funding TRS LLC, or CIM Funding TRS, a TRS formed in October 2013; Chimera CMBS Whole Pool LLC and Chimera RMBS Securities LLC formed in March 2015; Chimera RR Holding LLC formed in April 2016; NYH Funding LLC, a TRS formed in May 2019; Kali 2020 Holdings LLC formed in May 2020; Varuna Capital Partners LLC formed in September 2020; Aarna Holdings LLC formed in November 2020; CIM Advisory Holding TRS LLC formed in October 2024; and CIM XSMSR LLC formed in July 2025.

On December 2, 2024, the Company acquired The Palisades Group, LLC (“TPG”), PAS, Palisades Technology Holdings, LLC, and their respective subsidiaries (the “Palisades Acquisition”). As a result of the Palisades Acquisition, the Company began providing investment management and advisory services primarily through TPG and PAS (together with TPG, “Palisades”). TPG is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), and PAS is a relying adviser with respect to TPG’s investment adviser registration. PAS is the asset manager for certain securitizations sponsored by the Company and received $37 thousand in asset manager fees for the three months ended March 31, 2026. PAS did not earn any asset manager fees for securitizations sponsored by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

On October 1, 2025, the Company acquired HomeXpress (the “HomeXpress Acquisition”). HomeXpress is a leading originator of Non-QM residential mortgage loans (both consumer loans and Investor Loans) and other Non-Agency and Agency mortgage loan products with a nationwide presence across 46 states and D.C.

On May 18, 2022, the Company made a $75 million capital commitment to a fund managed by Kah Capital Management, LLC. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company did not make any additional fundings toward the commitment, and the total remained $57 million leaving an unfunded commitment of $18 million. The Company's investment in this fund, which had a carrying amount of $69 million as of March 31, 2026, is included within the Investment Portfolio segment and is accounted for under the equity method within Other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company records any gains and losses associated with its equity method investments in Other investment gains (losses) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Kah Capital Management ceased to provide asset servicing oversight as of the end of the first quarter of 2025. The Company paid $118 thousand for mortgage asset servicing oversight fees to Kah Capital Management during the quarter ended March 31, 2025. These fees are reported within Other expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

2. Summary of the Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. In the opinion of the Company, all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been included. Investment transactions are recorded on the trade date.

The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts, the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities, or VIEs, in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company uses securitization trusts considered to be VIEs in its securitization transactions. Additionally, the Company owns variable interests in entities that invest in Interests in MSR financing receivables. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors (i) do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, or (ii) do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The entity that consolidates a VIE is known as its primary beneficiary and is generally the entity with (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance, and (ii) the right to receive benefits from the VIE or the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. For VIEs that do not have substantial on-going activities, the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance may be determined by an entity’s involvement with the design and structure of the VIE.

The trusts are structured as entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying collateral and distribute those payments to the security holders. The assets held by the securitization entities are restricted in that they can only be used to fulfill the obligations of the securitization entity. The Company’s risks associated with its involvement with these VIEs are limited to its risks and rights as a holder of the security it has retained as well as certain risks associated with being the sponsor and depositor of and the seller, directly or indirectly to, the securitizations entities.

Determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE requires judgment. The Company determined that for the securitizations it consolidates, its ownership provides the Company with the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. In addition, the Company has the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance, or power, such as rights to replace the servicer without cause, or the Company was determined to have power in connection with its involvement with the structure and design of the VIE.

The Company’s interest in the assets held by these securitization vehicles, which are consolidated on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, is restricted by the structural provisions of these trusts, and a recovery of the Company’s investment in the vehicles will be limited by each entity’s distribution provisions. Generally, the securities retained by the Company are the most subordinate in the capital structure, which means those securities receive distributions after the senior securities have been paid. The liabilities of the securitization vehicles, which are also consolidated on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, are non-recourse to the Company, and can only be satisfied using proceeds from each securitization vehicle’s respective asset pool.

The assets of securitization entities are comprised of RMBS or residential mortgage loans. See Note 3, Note 4 and Note 10 for further discussion of the characteristics of the securities and loans in the Company’s portfolio.

The consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2025, included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026 (the “Annual Report”).

(b) Statements of Financial Condition Presentation

The Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition include both the Company’s direct assets and liabilities and the assets and liabilities of consolidated securitization vehicles. Retained beneficial interests of the consolidated securitization vehicles are eliminated in consolidation. Assets of each consolidated VIE can only be used to satisfy the obligations of that VIE, and the liabilities of consolidated VIEs are non-recourse to the Company. The Company is not obligated to provide, nor does it intend to provide, any financial support to these consolidated securitization vehicles. The notes to the consolidated financial statements describe the Company’s assets and liabilities including the assets and liabilities of consolidated securitization vehicles. See Note 10 for additional information related to the Company’s investments in consolidated securitization vehicles.

(c) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although the Company’s estimates contemplate current conditions and how it expects them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be materially different than anticipated in those estimates, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations and its financial condition.

The Company has made significant estimates including in accounting for income recognition on Agency MBS, Non-Agency RMBS, IO MBS (Note 3) and residential mortgage loans (Note 4), valuation of Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS (Note 3 and Note 6), residential mortgage loans (Note 4 and Note 6), certain secured financing agreements (Note 6 and Note 7), securitized debt (Note 6 and Note 8), interests in MSR financing receivables (Note 6 and Note 11), goodwill and intangibles included in Other assets, contingent earn-out liability included in Accounts payable and other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

(d) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash deposited overnight in money market funds, which are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have original maturities generally of three months or less.

Cash consists of unrestricted cash balances available for general corporate purposes. Restricted cash consists of cash balances that are subject to contractual or other restrictions on the Company’s ability to withdraw or use such funds. The Company’s restricted cash primarily relates to amounts held in connection with its warehouse lines of credit and escrow funds associated with recent loan originations that are to be returned to borrowers.

Restricted cash balances of $7 million and $6 million as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively, are included in Other assets on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to the total amounts presented in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

(e) Income Taxes

The Company does not have any material unrecognized tax positions that would affect its financial statements or require disclosure. No accruals for penalties and interest were necessary as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

(f) Goodwill & Intangible Assets

At March 31, 2026, the Company had recorded goodwill of $95 million, representing the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in connection with the Palisades and HomeXpress Acquisitions.

The amounts recorded in connection with the HomeXpress Acquisition remain subject to adjustment during the measurement period. The purchase price allocation for the Palisades Acquisition, which was completed in December 2024, has been finalized.

At March 31, 2026, the Company had gross intangible assets of $114 million and $4 million of accumulated amortization, primarily comprised of asset management contracts and developed technology recognized as part of the Palisades Acquisition, and trade names, broker relationships, developed technology, and licenses recognized as part of the HomeXpress Acquisition. These intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from one to ten years. Goodwill and intangible assets are included in Other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Goodwill is not amortized but is assessed for impairment at least annually. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment upon the occurrence of triggering events or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying value may not be recoverable. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company identified a triggering event related to certain asset management

contracts associated with the Palisades Acquisition, resulting from changes in expected future cash flows. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $5 million to reduce the carrying value of the related intangible assets to their estimated fair value. The impairment charge is included in Depreciation, amortization, and impairment expense on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(g) Segment Reporting

The Company has two reportable segments under the guidance of ASC 280, Segment Reporting: (i) Investment Portfolio and (ii) Residential Origination. The Investment Portfolio segment consists of the Company’s investments and third-party advisory services activities. The Residential Origination segment consists of the stand-alone mortgage origination business of HomeXpress that originates Non-QM residential mortgage loans (both consumer loans and Investor Loans), and other Non-Agency and Agency mortgage loan products.

The Company's Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM uses net income and total assets in evaluating performance and determining how to allocate resources of the Company to each of its segments. Refer to Note 20 — Segment Reporting.

(h) TBA securities

The Company may purchase TBA securities as a means of investing in non-specified fixed-rate Agency RMBS, and may also sell TBA securities to economically hedge its portfolio. A TBA security is a forward contract for the purchase (“long position”) or sale (“short position”) of a fixed-rate Agency MBS at a predetermined price, with specified general collateral characteristics, including issuer, maturity, and coupon. The specific securities to be delivered are not identified until shortly before the settlement date.

The Company may hold long and/or short positions in TBA securities through transactions commonly referred to as “dollar roll” transactions. The Company accounts for all TBA securities as derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as it does not intend to take physical delivery of the underlying Agency RMBS and does not consider the contracts to be settled in the shortest period possible. Accordingly, TBAs are carried at fair value. Changes in the fair value of TBA positions consist of two components: (i) drop income (expense) and (ii) mark-to-market adjustments. For financial statement presentation purposes, drop income (expense) is reported within Periodic interest on derivatives, net, while mark-to-market adjustments are reported within Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives. Together with any realized gains and losses, these amounts are included in Net gains (losses) on derivatives in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The fair value of TBA securities is based on observable market inputs, including quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, and is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. TBA positions are presented as Derivative assets or liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(i) Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to the Company's accounting policies included in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements of the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

(j) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This standard provides a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. This standard allows companies to assume that conditions as of the balance sheet date remain unchanged for the remaining life of the asset. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2026, on a prospective basis. Adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

There were no accounting standards updates issued during the three months ended March 31, 2026 that are applicable to the Company. In addition, there have been no changes to the accounting standards updates not yet adopted by the Company as previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2025.

3. Mortgage-Backed Securities

The Company classifies its Non-Agency RMBS as senior, subordinated, or interest-only. The Company also invests in Agency MBS which it classifies as Agency RMBS, to include residential and residential interest-only MBS, Pass-through securities, residential CMO, and Agency CMBS to include commercial and commercial interest-only MBS. Senior interests in Non-Agency RMBS are generally entitled to the first principal repayments in their pro-rata ownership interests at the acquisition date. The tables below present amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, fair value and unrealized gains/losses of the Company's MBS investments as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s Agency and Non-Agency MBS by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. All Non-Agency RMBS held as available-for-sale, and not accounted under the fair value option election in an unrealized loss position, have been evaluated by the Company for current expected credit losses.

At March 31, 2026, the Company did not intend to sell any of its Agency and Non-Agency MBS classified as available-for-sale that were in an unrealized loss position, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these MBS investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at their maturity. During the period, the Company sold certain securities, resulting in reductions to the unrealized losses associated with these securities totaling $3 million. With respect to RMBS held by consolidated VIEs, the ability of any entity to cause the sale by the VIE prior to the maturity of these RMBS is either expressly prohibited, not probable, or is limited to specified events of default, none of which have occurred as of March 31, 2026.

Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS (excluding Non-Agency RMBS which are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings), net of any allowance for credit losses, were $4 million and $7 million, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. After evaluating the securities and recording any allowance for credit losses, the Company concluded that the remaining unrealized losses reflected above were non-credit related and would be recovered from the securities' estimated future cash flows. The Company considered a number of factors in reaching this conclusion, including that it did not intend to sell the securities, it was not considered more likely than not that it would be required to sell the securities prior to recovering the amortized cost, and there were no material credit events that would have caused the Company to otherwise conclude that it would not recover the amortized cost. The allowance for credit losses are calculated by comparing the estimated future cash flows of each security discounted at the yield determined as of the initial

acquisition date or, if since revised, as of the last date previously revised, to the net amortized cost basis. Significant judgment is used in projecting cash flows for Non-Agency RMBS.

The Company has reviewed its Non-Agency RMBS that are in an unrealized loss position to identify those securities with losses that are credit related based on an assessment of changes in cash flows expected to be collected for such RMBS, which considers recent bond performance and expected future performance of the underlying collateral. A summary of the credit losses allowance on available-for-sale securities for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025 are presented below.

The following table presents significant credit quality indicators used for the credit loss allowance on our Non-Agency RMBS investments as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

The increase in the allowance for credit losses during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, is primarily due to a deterioration in cashflows on certain investments, compared to the same period of 2025. In addition, certain Non-Agency RMBS positions now have higher unrealized losses and resulted in the recognition of an allowance for credit losses which was previously limited by unrealized gains on these investments.

The following tables present a summary of unrealized gains and losses at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Changes in prepayments, actual cash flows, and cash flows expected to be collected, among other items, are affected by the collateral characteristics of each asset class. The Company chooses assets for the portfolio after carefully evaluating each investment’s risk profile.

The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s MBS portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end.

(1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end.

Actual maturities of MBS are generally shorter than the stated contractual maturities. Actual maturities of the Company’s MBS are affected by the underlying mortgages, periodic payments of principal, realized losses and prepayments of principal. The following tables provide a summary of the fair value and amortized cost of the Company’s MBS at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 according to their estimated weighted-average life classifications. The weighted-average lives of the MBS in the tables below are based on lifetime expected prepayment rates using the Company's prepayment assumptions for the Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS. The prepayment model considers a variety of factors, including but not limited to current interest rates, forward interest rate projections, shape and steepness of the interest rate curve, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loan, and other borrower, loan, property, or market-related characteristics that may influence prepayment behavior.

The Non-Agency RMBS investments are secured by pools of mortgage loans which are subject to credit risk. The following table summarizes the delinquency, bankruptcy, foreclosure and real estate owned, or REO, total of the pools of mortgage loans securing the Company’s investments in Non-Agency RMBS at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. When delinquency rates increase, it is expected that the Company may incur additional credit losses.

The Non-Agency RMBS in the Portfolio have the following collateral characteristics at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(1) Value represents appraised value of the collateral at the time of loan origination.

(2) FICO as determined at the time of loan origination.

The table below presents the origination year of the underlying loans related to the Company’s portfolio of Non-Agency RMBS at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Gross realized gains and losses are recorded in Net realized losses on sales of investments on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The proceeds and gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales of investments for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

4. Loans Held for Investment

The Loans held for investment are comprised primarily of seasoned reperforming residential mortgages. Additionally, it includes jumbo prime loans, Investor Loans, and RTLs.

The Investor Loans are loans to individuals securing non-primary residences as well as to individuals or businesses who rent out the residential properties secured by such loans. The Company purchases qualified mortgages, or QM, and non-qualified

mortgages, or Non-QM, Investor Loans and securitizes them under its loan securitization program. The RTLs are loans to businesses that are secured by real property which will be renovated by the borrower. The RTLs tend to be short duration, often less than one year, and generally the coupon rate is higher than residential mortgage loans.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, all Loans held for investment are carried at fair value. See Note 6 — Fair Value Measurements for a discussion on how the Company determines the fair values of the Loans held for investment. As changes in the fair value of these loans are reflected in earnings, the Company does not estimate or record a loan loss provision. The total amortized cost of the Company's Loans held for investment was $8.2 billion and $9.8 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The total UPB of the Company's Loans held for investment was $8.4 billion and $10.0 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the carrying value of Loans held for investment at fair value at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The primary causes of the change in fair value are market demand, interest rates and changes in credit risk of mortgage loans. The Company did not retain any beneficial interests on loan sales during the quarter ended March 31, 2026 and the year ended December 31, 2025, respectively.

Residential mortgage loans

The following table presents the origination periods of the residential mortgage loan portfolio as a percentage of total current UPB:

The following table presents a summary of key characteristics of the residential loan portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

(1) Value represents appraised value of the collateral at the time of loan origination.

The following table summarizes the outstanding principal balance of the residential loan portfolio which are 30 days delinquent and greater as reported by the servicers at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due was $501 million and $558 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

5. Loans Held for Sale

LHFS consist of mortgage loans originated or acquired by the Company with the intent to sell into the secondary market. LHFS are measured and reported at fair value. See Note 6 — Fair Value Measurements for a discussion on how the Company determines the fair values of the LHFS. The Company’s fair value election for its LHFS is intended to more accurately reflect the underlying economics of the Company’s operations. With the election of the fair value option for LHFS, loan origination fees, and the related direct loan origination costs associated with the origination of LHFS are earned and expensed as incurred, respectively. The total UPB of the Company's LHFS was $685 million and $872 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. LHFS consisted of the following as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The primary causes of the change in fair value are market demand, interest rates and changes in credit risk of mortgage loans. The Company did not retain any beneficial interests on loan sales during the quarter ended March 31, 2026.

Revenue derived from the Company’s mortgage lending activities includes certain fees collected at the time of origination and gain or loss from the sale of LHFS. Loan origination income reflects the fees earned, net of lender credits from originating the loans. These consist of fees related to loan origination, discount points, underwriting, processing and other fees. Lender credits typically are related to rebates or concessions for certain loan origination costs.

Gain or loss from the sale and mark-to-market of LHFS includes both realized and unrealized gains and losses and are included in the Gain on origination and sale of loans, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The valuation of LHFS is intended to represent the value that could be obtained in a pooled whole loan sale that includes the related mortgage servicing rights, also known as a servicing released transaction.

The Company principally sells its LHFS to private investors. The Company evaluates its loan sales for sales treatment. To the extent the transfer of loans qualifies as a sale, the Company derecognizes the loans and records the gain or loss on the sale date. In the event the Company determines that the transfer of loans does not qualify as a sale, the transfer would be treated as a secured borrowing. Interest income from loans is recorded on the accrual basis. LHFS are placed on non-accrual status when any portion of the principal or interest is 90 days past due or earlier if factors indicate that the ultimate collectability of the principal or interest is not probable. Interest received from loans on non-accrual status is recorded as income when collected. Loans return to accrual status when the principal and interest become current, and it is probable that the amounts are fully collectible.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the carrying value of LHFS at fair value at March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025:

The Company monitors the credit quality of LHFS through its underwriting and post-origination review processes. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had $8 million of LHFS greater than 90 days delinquent with a net book value of $7 million.

Gain on Origination and Sale of Loans

The following table provides a summary of the composition of gain on origination and sale of loans, net, for the quarter ended March 31, 2026:

6. Fair Value Measurements

The Company applies fair value guidance in accordance with GAAP to account for its financial instruments. The Company categorizes its financial instruments, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition or disclosed in the related notes are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to fair value.

Fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 are sensitive to changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value and such changes could result in a significant increase or decrease in the fair value. Any changes to the valuation methodology are reviewed by the Company to ensure the changes are appropriate. As markets and products evolve and the pricing for certain products becomes more transparent, the Company will continue to refine its valuation methodologies. The methodology utilized by the Company for the periods presented is unchanged. The methods used to produce a fair value calculation may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants. Using different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. The Company uses inputs that are current as of the measurement date, which may include periods of market dislocation, during which price transparency may be reduced.

The Company determines the fair values of its investments using internally developed processes and validates them using a third-party pricing service. During times of market dislocation, the observability of prices and inputs can be difficult for certain investments. If the third-party pricing service is unable to provide a price for an asset, or if the price provided by them is deemed unreliable by the Company, then the asset will be valued at its fair value as determined by the Company without validation to third-party pricing. Illiquid investments typically experience greater price volatility as an active market does not exist. Observability of prices and inputs can vary significantly from period to period and may cause instruments to change classifications within the three level hierarchy.

A description of the methodologies utilized by the Company to estimate the fair value of its financial instruments by instrument class follows:

Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS

The Company determines the fair value of all of its investment securities based on discounted cash flows utilizing an internal pricing model that incorporates factors such as coupon, prepayment speeds, loan size, collateral composition, borrower characteristics, expected interest rates, lifetime interest rate caps on adjustable rate loans, periodic interest rate caps, adjustable interest rate reset dates, collateral seasoning, delinquency status and performance experience, expected losses, expected default frequency, expected loss severity, credit enhancement, and other pertinent factors. To corroborate that the estimates of fair values generated by these internal models are reflective of current market prices, the Company compares the fair values generated by the model to non-binding independent prices provided by an independent third-party pricing service. For certain highly liquid asset classes, such as Agency Pass-through bonds, the Company’s valuations are also compared to quoted prices for TBA securities.

Each quarter, the Company develops thresholds generally using market factors or other assumptions, as appropriate. If internally developed model prices differ from the independent third-party prices by greater than these thresholds for the period, the Company conducts a further review, both internally and with the third-party pricing service of the prices of such securities. First, the Company obtains the inputs used by the third-party pricing service and compares them to the Company’s inputs. The Company then updates its own inputs if the Company determines the third-party pricing inputs more accurately reflect the current market environment. If the Company believes that its internally developed inputs more accurately reflect the current market environment, it will request that the third-party pricing service review market factors that may not have been considered

by the third-party pricing service and provide updated prices. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established. At March 31, 2026, there were no investment holdings which had differences between the model generated prices and third-party prices provided. At December 31, 2025, one investment holding with internally developed fair value of $5 million had a difference between the model generated price and third-party price provided in excess of the thresholds for the period. The internally developed price was $701 thousand higher than the third-party price provided of $5 million. After review and discussion, the Company affirmed and valued the investments at the higher internally developed price. No other differences were noted at December 31, 2025 in excess of the thresholds for the period.

The Company’s estimate of prepayment, default and severity curves all involve judgment and assumptions that are deemed to be significant to the fair value measurement process. This subjective estimation process renders the Non-Agency RMBS fair value estimates as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. As the fair values of Agency MBS are more observable, these investments are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Loans Held for Investment

Loans held for investment is comprised primarily of seasoned reperforming residential mortgage loans. Loans held for investment also include jumbo prime, Investor Loans and RTLs.

Loans consisting of seasoned reperforming residential mortgage loans, jumbo prime loans and Investor Loans:

The Company estimates the fair value of its Loans held for investment consisting of seasoned reperforming residential mortgage loans, jumbo prime loans and Investor Loans on a loan by loan basis using an internally developed model which compares the loan held by the Company with a loan currently offered in the market. The loan price is adjusted in the model by considering the loan factors that would impact the value of a loan. These loan factors include loan coupon, FICO, LTV ratios, delinquency history, owner occupancy, and property type, among other factors. A baseline is developed for each significant loan factor and adjusts the price up or down depending on how that factor for each specific loan compares to the baseline characteristic. Generally, the most significant impact on loan value is the loan coupon rate as compared to coupon rates currently available in the market and delinquency history.

The Company also monitors market activity to identify trades that may be used to compare internally developed prices. However, as the portfolio of loans held at fair value is a seasoned reperforming pool of residential mortgage loans, comparable loan pools are not common or directly comparable. There are limited transactions in the marketplace to develop a comprehensive direct range of values.

The Company reviews the fair values generated by the model to determine whether prices are reflective of the current market by corroborating its estimates of fair value by comparing the results to non-binding independent prices provided by an independent third-party pricing service for the loan portfolio. Each quarter the Company develops thresholds generally using market factors or other assumptions as appropriate.

If the internally developed fair values of the loan pools differ from the independent third-party prices by greater than the threshold for the period, the Company highlights these differences for further review, both internally and with the third-party pricing service. The Company obtains certain inputs used by the third-party pricing service and evaluates them for reasonableness. Then the Company updates its own model if the Company determines the third-party pricing inputs more accurately reflect the current market environment or observed information from the third-party vendor. If the Company believes that its internally developed inputs more accurately reflect the current market environment, it will request that the third-party pricing service review market factors that may not have been considered by the third-party pricing service. The Company reconciles and resolves all pricing differences in excess of the thresholds before a final price is established.

At March 31, 2026, three loan pools with internally developed fair values of $941 million had differences between the model generated prices and the third-party prices provided in excess of the threshold for the period. The internally developed prices were $45 million higher than the third-party prices provided of $896 million. After review and discussion, the Company affirmed and valued the investment at the higher internally developed prices. No other differences were noted at March 31, 2026 in excess of the threshold for the period. At December 31, 2025, two loan pools with internally developed fair values of $272 million had differences between the model generated prices and third-party prices provided in excess of the threshold for the period. The internally developed prices were $17 million higher on a net basis than the third-party prices provided of $255 million. After review and discussion, the Company affirmed and valued the investment at the higher internally developed prices. No other differences were noted at December 31, 2025 in excess of the threshold for the period.

The Company’s estimates of fair value of Loans held for investment involve judgment and assumptions that are deemed to be significant to the fair value measurement process, which renders the resulting fair value estimates Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

RTLs:

RTLs are loans to businesses that are secured by real property that will be renovated by the borrower. Upon completion of the renovation the property will be either sold by the borrower or refinanced by the borrower who may subsequently sell or rent the property. Most, but not all, of the properties securing these loans are residential and a portion of the loan is used to cover renovation costs. The RTLs are included as a part of the Company's Loans held for investment portfolio and are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. These loans tend to be short duration, often less than one year, and generally the coupon rate is higher than the Company's typical residential mortgage loans. As these loans are generally short-term in nature and there is an active market for these loans, the Company estimates fair value of the RTLs based on the recent purchase price of the loan, adjusted for observable market activity for similar assets offered in the market. RTLs have a fair value of $52 million and $75 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

As the fair value prices of the RTLs are based on the recent trades of similar assets in an active market, the Company has classified them as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Loans Held For Sale

LHFS are measured and reported at fair value. The Company’s fair value election for its LHFS is intended to more accurately reflect the underlying economics of the Company’s operations. With the election of the fair value option for LHFS, loan origination fees, and the related direct loan origination costs associated with the origination of LHFS, are earned and expensed as incurred, respectively.

Revenue derived from the Company’s mortgage lending activities includes certain fees collected at the time of origination and gain or loss from the sale of LHFS. Loan origination income reflects the fees earned, net of lender credits from originating the loans. These consist of fees related to loan origination, discount points, underwriting, processing and other fees. Lender credits typically are related to rebates or concessions for certain loan origination costs.

Gain or loss from the sale and mark-to-market of LHFS includes both realized and unrealized gains and losses and are included in Gain on origination and sale of loans, net, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The valuation of LHFS approximates a whole-loan sales value, which includes the value of the related mortgage servicing rights. When LHFS are sold, servicing rights are released.

The Company principally sells its LHFS to private investors. The Company evaluates its loan sales for sales treatment. To the extent the transfer of loans qualifies as a sale, the Company derecognizes the loans and records the gain or loss on the sale date. In the event the Company determines that the transfer of loans does not qualify as a sale, the transfer would be treated as a secured borrowing. Interest income from loans is recorded on the accrual basis. LHFS are placed on non-accrual status when any portion of the principal or interest is 90 days past due or earlier if factors indicate that the ultimate collectability of the principal or interest is not probable. Interest received from loans on non-accrual status is recorded as income when collected. Loans return to accrual status when the principal and interest become current, and it is probable that the amounts are fully collectible.

LHFS are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as their fair value is derived from quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets and other observable market-corroborated inputs.

Securitized Debt, collateralized by Loans Held for Investment

The process for determining the fair value of securitized debt, collateralized by Loans held for investment is based on discounted cash flows utilizing an internal pricing model that incorporates factors such as coupon, prepayment speeds, loan size, collateral composition, borrower characteristics, expected interest rates, lifetime interest rate caps on adjustable rate loans, periodic interest rate caps, adjustable interest rate reset dates, collateral seasoning, delinquency status and performance experience, expected losses, expected default frequency, expected loss severity, credit enhancement, and other pertinent factors. This process, including the review process, is consistent with the process used for Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS using internal models. For further discussion of the valuation process and benchmarking process, see Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS discussion herein. The primary cause of the change in fair value is due to market demand and changes in credit risk of mortgage loans collateralized the related securitized debt.

At March 31, 2026, one securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment position with an internally developed fair value of $3 million had a difference between the model generated price and the third-party price provided in excess of the threshold for the period. The internally developed price was $219 thousand higher than the third-party price provided of $3 million. After review and discussion, the Company affirmed and valued the investment at the higher internally developed price. No other differences were noted at March 31, 2026 in excess of the threshold for the period. At December 31, 2025, one securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment positions with internally developed fair values of $3 million had differences between the model generated prices and third-party prices provided in excess of the threshold for the period. The internally developed prices were $183 thousand higher on a net basis than the third-party prices provided of $3 million. After review and discussion, the Company affirmed and valued the securitized debt positions at the higher internally developed prices. No other differences were noted at December 31, 2025 in excess of the threshold for the period.

The Company’s estimates of fair value of securitized debt, collateralized by Loans held for investment involve judgment and assumptions that are deemed to be significant to the fair value measurement process, which renders the resulting fair value estimates Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Securitized Debt, collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS

The Company carries securitized debt, collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS at the principal balance outstanding plus unamortized premiums, less unaccreted discounts recorded in connection with the financing of the loans or RMBS with third parties. For disclosure purposes, the Company estimates the fair value of securitized debt, collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS by estimating the future cash flows associated with the underlying assets collateralizing the secured debt outstanding. The Company models the fair value of each underlying asset by considering, among other items, the structure of the underlying security, coupon, servicer, delinquency, actual and expected defaults, actual and expected loss severities, adjustable rate loan reset indices, and prepayment speeds in conjunction with market research for similar collateral performance and the Company's expectations of general economic conditions in the sector and other economic factors. This process, including the review process, is consistent with the process used for Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS using internal models. For further discussion of the valuation process and benchmarking process, see Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS discussion herein.

The Company’s estimates of fair value of securitized debt, collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS involve judgment and assumptions that are deemed to be significant to the fair value measurement process, which renders the resulting fair value estimates Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Fair value option

The table below shows the unpaid principal and fair value of the financial instruments carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings under the fair value option election as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively:

(1) The Company recorded $5 million unrealized gain and $2 million unrealized loss for contingent earn-out liability as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The contingent earn-out liability balance is included in Accounts payable and other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The table below shows the impact of change in fair value on each of the financial instruments carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings under the fair value option election in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

(1) The Company recorded $5 million unrealized gain and $1 million unrealized loss for contingent earn-out liability during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively. The contingent earn-out liability balance is included in Accounts payable and other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Derivatives

Interest Rate Swaps and Swaptions

The Company uses clearing exchange market prices to determine the fair value of its exchange cleared interest rate swaps. For bilateral swaps, the Company determines the fair value based on the net present value of expected future cash flows on the swap. The Company uses an option-pricing model to determine the fair value of its swaptions. For bilateral swaps and swaptions, the Company compares its own estimate of fair value with counterparty prices to evaluate for reasonableness. Both the clearing exchange and counterparty pricing quotes incorporate common market pricing methods, including a spread measurement to the Treasury yield curve or interest rate swap curve as well as underlying characteristics of the particular contract. Interest rate swaps and swaptions are modeled by the Company by incorporating such factors as the term to maturity, swap curve, overnight index swap rates, and the payment rates on the fixed portion of the interest rate swaps. The Company has classified the characteristics used to determine the fair value of interest rate swaps and swaptions as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Fair values of swaps with cancellable features are determined using valuation techniques appropriate for over‑the‑counter derivatives, including models incorporating observable market inputs (such as yield curves and volatility estimates) and, where observable inputs are not available, unobservable inputs, with resulting fair value measurements classified within the fair value hierarchy. This valuation is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Treasury Futures

The fair value of Treasury futures is determined by quoted market prices in an active market. The Company has classified the characteristics used to determine the fair value of Treasury futures as Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Swap Futures

The fair value of Swap futures is determined using quoted settlement prices published by the Eris Secured Overnight Financing Rate, which reflect observable market data for standardized CME-cleared contracts. The Company has classified the characteristics used to determine the fair value of Swap futures as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Interest rate caps

The fair value of interest rate caps is determined using a discounted cash flow approach that considers the difference between the forward curve of the reference rate and the cap's strike rate. The expected future cash flows from each caplet are calculated and discounted to present value using observable market interest rates. The discounted cashflows contemplate both an intrinsic value based upon the strike rate in reference to the market reference rate as well as a time value based upon the implied volatility of the market reference rate forward curve projection. This valuation is based on market inputs and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

The Company enters into IRLCs with prospective borrowers to originate mortgage loans at a specified interest rate. These IRLCs are accounted for as derivative instruments. The fair values of IRLCs utilize current secondary market prices for the underlying loans and estimated servicing value with similar coupons, maturity and credit quality, estimated remaining direct expense and market adjusted investor discounts, subject to the anticipated loan funding probability (“Pull-through Rate”). The fair value of IRLCs is subject to change primarily due to changes in interest rates, credit spreads and the estimated Pull-through Rate. The Company reports IRLCs within Derivatives, at fair value, net, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition with changes in fair value being recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations within Gain on origination and sale of loans, net. This valuation requires significant judgment by management and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company hedges the changes in fair value associated with changes in interest rates related to IRLCs and uncommitted LHFS by utilizing a combination of derivatives related to two-year and five-year U.S. Treasury futures for its Non-QM loans, and 30-year uniform mortgage-backed securities futures contracts for its FHA, VA, and Freddie Mac-insured loans (collectively the “Hedging Instruments”) until committed to an investor. The Hedging Instruments are typically entered into at the time the IRLC is made. The fair value of Hedging Instruments is subject to change primarily due to changes in interest rates. The Company reports Hedging Instruments at fair value within Derivatives, at fair value, net, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition with changes in fair value recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations within Gain on origination and sale of loans, net.

TBAs

TBA securities are valued based on executed trade levels for positions entered into and subsequently rolled, as well as observable market prices obtained from brokers for open positions at each reporting date. Valuations are corroborated using market data for comparable instruments with similar coupon and maturity characteristics, as this is a highly liquid and actively trade market. TBAs are classified as Level 2 within fair value hierarchy, as valuations are based on observable inputs, including quoted prices from independent pricing services and, where applicable third-party broker quotes.

Secured Financing Agreements

Secured financing agreements for the investment portfolio are collateralized financing transactions utilized by the Company to acquire investment securities. For both short and long term secured financing agreements and longer term floating rate secured financing agreements, the Company estimates fair value using the contractual obligation plus accrued interest payable. The Company has classified the characteristics used to determine the fair value of secured financing agreements as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Secured Financing Agreements, at fair value

Fair value for certain secured financing agreements that are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings are valued at the price that the Company would pay to transfer the liability to a market participant at the reporting date in an orderly transaction. The Company evaluates recent trades of financial liabilities made by the Company, which includes an element of non-performance risk, as well as changes in market interest rates to determine the fair value of the secured financing agreements. The primary factor in determining the fair value is the change in market interest rates from the transaction date of the secured financing agreements and the reporting date. As these rates are observable, the secured financing agreements are reported as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

Short-term Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable, dividends payable, payable for investments purchased, and accrued interest payable are considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short term nature and low credit risk of these short-term financial instruments.

Interests in MSR Financing Receivables

The Company classifies its Interests in MSR financing receivables as Level 3 in the fair value measurements hierarchy. Fair value estimates for these investments are obtained from models, which use significant unobservable inputs in their valuations. These valuations primarily utilize discounted cash flow models that incorporate unobservable market data inputs including interest rates, discount rates, and prepayment rates. Model valuations are then compared to valuations obtained from third party pricing providers. Management reviews the valuations received from third party pricing providers and uses them as a point of comparison to modeled values. The valuation of Interests in MSR financing receivables require significant judgment by management and the third party pricing providers. Assumptions used for which there is a lack of observable inputs may significantly impact the resulting fair value and therefore the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Qualitative and Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The Company considers unobservable inputs to be those for which market data is not available and that are developed using the best information available to us about the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset. Relevant inputs vary depending on the nature of the instrument being measured at fair value. The sensitivities of significant unobservable inputs along with interrelationships between and among the significant unobservable inputs and their impact on the fair value measurements are described below. The effect of a change in a particular assumption in the sensitivity analysis below is considered independently from changes in any other assumptions. In practice, simultaneous changes in assumptions may not always have a linear effect on the inputs discussed below. Interrelationships may also exist between observable and unobservable inputs. Such relationships have not been included in the discussion below. For each of the individual relationships described below, the inverse relationship would also generally apply. For Interests in MSR financing receivables, in general, increases in the discount rate or prepayment rate in isolation would result in a lower fair value measurement. A decline in interest rates could lead to higher-than-expected prepayments of mortgages underlying the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables, which in turn could result in a decline in the estimated fair value of Interests in MSR financing receivables.

The table below presents information about the significant unobservable inputs used for recurring fair value measurements for Level 3 Interests in MSR financing receivables. The table does not give effect to the Company’s risk management practices that might offset risks inherent in these Level 3 investments.

Long term debt

The fair value of the Company's Senior Unsecured Notes is based upon prices obtained from third-party pricing services or broker quotations and are classified as Level 2.

Equity Method Investments

The Company has made investments in entities or funds. For these investments where the Company has a non-controlling interest; but are deemed to be able to exert significant influence over the affairs of these entities or funds, the Company utilizes the equity method of accounting. These investments are not carried at fair value. The carrying value of the Company's equity method investments is determined using cost accumulation method. The Company adjusts the carrying value of its equity method investments for its share of earnings or losses, dividends or return of capital on a quarterly basis. The fair value of equity method investments is based on the fund valuation received from the manager of the fund. The Company has classified the characteristics used to determine the fair value of equity method investments as Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. The equity method investments are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including the level in the fair value hierarchy, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are presented below.

The table below provides a summary of the changes in the fair value of financial instruments classified as Level 3 at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

There were no transfers in or out from Level 3 during the quarter ended March 31, 2026 and year ended December 31, 2025, respectively.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s Non-Agency RMBS and securitized debt are the weighted average discount rates, prepayment rate, constant default rate, and the loss severity. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s IRLC are the Pull-through Rate.

The fair value amounts have been estimated by management using available market information and valuation methodologies believed to be appropriate. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value in both inactive and orderly markets. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Discount Rate

The discount rate refers to the interest rate used in the discounted cash flow analysis to determine the present value of future cash flows. The discount rate takes into account not just the time value of money, but also the risk or uncertainty of future cash flows. An increased uncertainty of future cash flows results in a higher discount rate. The discount rate used to calculate the present value of the expected future cash flows is based on the discount rate implicit in the security as of the last measurement date. As discount rates move up, the values of the discounted cash flows are reduced.

The discount rates applied to the expected cash flows to determine fair value are derived from a range of observable prices on securities backed by similar collateral. As the market becomes more or less liquid, the availability of these observable inputs will change.

Prepayment Rate

The prepayment rate specifies the percentage of the collateral balance that is expected to prepay at each point in the future. The prepayment rate is based on factors such as interest rates, LTV ratio, debt-to-income ratio, and is scaled up or down to reflect recent collateral-specific prepayment experience as obtained from remittance reports and market data services.

Constant Default Rate

Constant default rate represents an annualized rate of default on a group of mortgages The default rate is based on factors such as collateral characteristics, interest rates, payment shock, borrower credit attributes, payment history, delinquency experience, LTV ratio, debt-to-income ratio and is scaled up or down to reflect recent collateral-specific default experience. When default rates increase, expected cash flows on the underlying collateral decreases.

Loss Severity

Loss severity rates reflect the amount of loss expected from a foreclosure and liquidation of the underlying collateral in the mortgage loan pool. When a mortgage loan is foreclosed, the collateral is sold and the resulting proceeds are used to settle the outstanding obligation. In many circumstances, the proceeds from the sale do not fully repay the outstanding obligation. In these cases, a loss is incurred by the lender. Loss severity is used to predict how costly future losses are likely to be. An increase in loss severity results in a decrease in expected future cash flows. A decrease in loss severity results in an increase in expected future cash flows.

The curve generated to reflect the Company’s expected loss severity is based on collateral-specific experience with consideration given to other mitigating collateral characteristics. Collateral characteristics such as loan size, LTV, seasoning or loan age and geographic location of collateral also effect loss severity.

Sensitivity of Significant Inputs – Non-Agency RMBS and securitized debt, collateralized by Loans held for investment

Prepayment rates vary according to interest rates, the type of financial instrument, conditions in financial markets, and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. In general, when interest rates rise, it is relatively less attractive for borrowers to refinance their mortgage loans, and as a result, prepayment speeds tend to decrease. When interest rates fall, prepayment speeds tend to increase. For RMBS investments purchased at a premium, as prepayment rates increase, the amount of income the Company earns decreases as the purchase premium on the bonds amortizes faster than expected. Conversely, decreases in prepayment rates result in increased income and can extend the period over which the Company amortizes the purchase premium. For RMBS investments purchased at a discount, as prepayment rates increase, the amount of income the Company earns increases from the acceleration of the accretion of the purchase discount into interest income. Conversely, decreases in prepayment rates result in decreased income as the accretion of the purchase discount into interest income occurs over a longer period.

For securitized debt carried at fair value issued at a premium, as prepayment rates increase, the amount of interest expense the Company recognizes decreases as the issued premium on the debt amortizes faster than expected. Conversely, decreases in prepayment rates result in increased expense and can extend the period over which the Company amortizes the premium.

For debt issued at a discount, as prepayment rates increase, the amount of interest the Company expenses increases from the acceleration of the accretion of the discount into interest expense. Conversely, decreases in prepayment rates result in decreased expense as the accretion of the discount into interest expense occurs over a longer period.

A summary of the significant inputs used to estimate the fair value of Level 3 Non-Agency RMBS held for investment at fair value as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows. The weighted average discount rates are based on fair value.

A summary of the significant inputs used to estimate the fair value of securitized debt at fair value, collateralized by Loans held for investment, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:

All of the significant inputs listed have some degree of market observability based on the Company’s knowledge of the market, information available to market participants, and use of common market data sources. Collateral default and loss severity projections are in the form of “curves” that are updated quarterly to reflect the Company’s collateral cash flow projections. Methods used to develop these projections conform to industry conventions. The Company uses assumptions it considers to be the best estimate of future cash flows for each security.

Sensitivity of Significant Inputs – Loans held for investment

The Loans held for investment are primarily comprised of loans collateralized by seasoned reperforming residential mortgages. Additionally, it includes non-conforming, single family, owner occupied, investor owned, and jumbo prime residential mortgages. The significant unobservable factors used to estimate the fair value of the Loans held for investment collateralized by seasoned reperforming residential mortgage loans, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, include coupon, FICO score at origination, LTV, or LTV ratios, owner occupancy status, and property type. A summary of the significant factors used to estimate the fair value of Loans held for investment collateralized primarily by seasoned reperforming residential mortgages at fair value as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:

The loan factors are generally not observable for the individual loans and the base rates developed by the Company’s internal model are subjective and change as market conditions evolve. The impact of the loan coupon on the value of the loan is dependent on the loan history of delinquent payments. Loans with no history of delinquent payments would result in a higher overall value than those with a history of delinquent payments. Similarly, a higher FICO score and a lower LTV ratio results in increases in the fair market value of the loan and a lower FICO score and a higher LTV ratio results in a lower value. See Note 4 — Loans Held for Investment for delinquency details related to the Loans held for investment portfolio.

Property types also affect the overall loan values. Property types include single family, manufactured housing and multi-family/mixed use and other types of properties. Single family homes represent properties that house one to four family units. Manufactured homes include mobile homes and modular homes. Loan value for properties that are investor or secondary homes have a reduced value as compared to the baseline loan value. Additionally, single family homes will result in an increase to the loan value, whereas manufactured and multi-family/mixed use and other properties will result in a decrease to the loan value, as compared to the baseline.

Sensitivity of Significant Inputs for IRLC - Pull-through Rates

Interest rate lock commitments do not trade in an active market. Accordingly, the Company estimates the fair value of IRLCs based on the price an investor would be expected to pay to acquire such commitments, using current secondary market pricing for mortgage loans with similar characteristics.

The valuation incorporates observable market inputs, including loan type, underlying loan balance, borrower credit score, LTV ratio, note rate, loan program, expected loan sale date, and prevailing market conditions. The estimated fair value is adjusted at the individual loan level to reflect the servicing release premium, investor-specific pricing adjustments applicable to each loan, and the estimated direct costs required to convert the IRLC into a funded loan.

The resulting base value is further adjusted for the anticipated Pull-through Rate, which represents the probability that a locked loan will ultimately fund. The anticipated Pull-through Rate is an unobservable input derived from the Company’s historical funding experience and current pipeline characteristics. An increase in the anticipated Pull-through Rate results in an increase in the estimated fair value of IRLCs, while a decrease in the anticipated Pull-through Rate results in a decrease in estimated fair value. Due to the significance of this unobservable input, IRLCs are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Financial instruments not carried at fair value

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value, as described above, of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(1) Included in Other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(1) Included in Other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

7. Secured Financing Agreements

Secured financing agreements include short-term repurchase agreements with original maturity dates of less than one year, long-term financing agreements with original maturity dates of more than one year, loan warehouse credit facilities collateralized by loans acquired by the Company that are classified as repurchase agreements, and loan warehouse credit facilities used to fund, and secured by, the residential mortgage loans originated by the Company which are classified as loans held-for-sale. The Company accounts for repurchase agreements and other similar collateralized financing arrangements as secured borrowings. Under its repurchase agreements and other forms of collateralized financing, the Company pledges financial assets as collateral to secure the related borrowings, generally in an amount equal to a specified percentage of the fair value of the pledged assets. The Company retains beneficial ownership of the pledged assets, including the right to receive principal and interest cash flows, subject to the terms of the respective agreements.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the repurchase agreements are collateralized by Agency and Non-Agency mortgage-backed securities and loans held for investment with interest rates generally indexed to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The maturity dates on the repurchase agreements are all less than one year and generally are less than 180 days. The collateral pledged as security on the repurchase agreements may include the Company’s investments in bonds issued by consolidated VIEs, which are eliminated in consolidation.

The long-term financing agreements include secured financing arrangements with an original term of one year or greater which is secured by Non-Agency RMBS pledged as collateral. These long-term secured financing agreements have maturity dates of July 2026 and February 2027. The collateral pledged as security on the long-term financing agreements may include the Company’s investments in bonds issued by consolidated VIEs, which are eliminated in consolidation.

The warehouse credit facilities collateralized by loans held for investment are repurchase agreements intended to finance loans until they can be sold into a longer-term securitization structure. The maturity dates on the warehouse credit facilities range from three months to one year with interest rates indexed to SOFR.

The secured financing agreements generally require the Company to post collateral at a specific rate in excess of the UPB of the agreement. For certain secured financing agreements, this may require the Company to post additional margin if the fair value of the assets were to decline. To mitigate this risk, the Company has negotiated several long-term financing agreements which are not subject to additional margin requirements upon a decline in the fair value of the collateral pledged or until the decline is greater than a threshold. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had $849 million and $890 million, respectively, of secured financing agreements that are not subject to additional margin requirements upon a change in the fair value of the collateral pledged. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had $360 million and $402 million, respectively, of secured financing agreements that are not subject to additional margin requirements until the decline in the fair value of collateral is greater than a threshold. Repurchase agreements may allow the credit counterparty to avoid the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, in the event of a bankruptcy of the Company, and take possession of, and liquidate, the collateral under such repurchase agreements without delay.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company pledged $50 million and $17 million of margin cash collateral to the Company's secured financing agreement counterparties. At March 31, 2026, the weighted average haircut on the Company's secured financing agreements collateralized by Agency RMBS was 4.4%, Agency CMBS was 5.4%, LHFS was 7.1% and Non-Agency RMBS and Loans held for investment was 24.7%. At December 31, 2025, the weighted average haircut on the Company's secured financing agreements collateralized by Agency RMBS was 4.4%, Agency CMBS was 5.4%, and LHFS was 7.3% and Non-Agency RMBS and Loans held for investment was 27.1%.

At March 31, 2026, the Company had amounts at risk with Nomura Securities International, Inc., or Nomura, of 17% of its equity related to the collateral posted on secured financing agreements. The weighted average maturities of the secured financing agreements with Nomura were 188 days. The amount at risk with Nomura was $418 million. At December 31, 2025,

the Company had amounts at risk with Nomura of 18% of its equity related to the collateral posted on secured financing agreements. The weighted average maturities of the secured financing agreements with Nomura were 287 days. The amount at risk with Nomura was $459 million.

Investment Portfolio Covenants

Certain of the long-term financing agreements and warehouse credit facilities are subject to certain covenants. These covenants include that the Company maintain its REIT status as well as maintain a net asset value or GAAP equity greater than a certain level. If the Company fails to comply with these covenants at any time, the financing may become immediately due in full. Additionally, certain financing agreements become immediately due if the total stockholders' equity of the Company drops by 50% from the most recent year end. Currently, the Company is in compliance with all covenants and does not expect to be in violation of these covenants within the next twelve months. The Company has a total of $1.7 billion unused uncommitted warehouse credit facilities as of March 31, 2026.

Residential Origination Covenants

The Residential Origination segment has seven warehouse financing facilities under master purchase agreements with various lenders. These warehouse facilities are used to fund, and are secured by, the residential mortgage loans originated by the Company which are classified as loans held-for-sale. Two of the master purchase agreements required the establishment of the LLCs to facilitate the warehouse fundings. These LLCs are consolidated as part of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The master repurchase agreements contain various affirmative, negative, and financial covenants. The covenants include leverage restrictions, minimum levels of liquidity and net worth, and profitability. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of March 31, 2026. These financing agreements are non-recourse to the Company's other segments and operations, and do not contain cross-default or cross-collateralization provisions.

The secured financing agreements principal outstanding, weighted average borrowing rates, weighted average remaining maturities, average balances and the fair value of the collateral pledged as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were:

(1) The values for secured financing agreements in the table above is net of $155 thousand and $271 thousand of deferred financing costs as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the secured financing agreements collateralized by MBS, Loans held for investment, and LHFS had the following remaining maturities and borrowing rates.

(1) The values for secured financing agreements in the table above is net of $155 thousand and $271 thousand of deferred financing costs as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Secured Financing Agreements at fair value

The Company has a secured financing agreement for which the Company has elected fair value option. The Company believes electing fair value for this financial instrument better reflects the transactional economics. The total principal balance outstanding on this secured financing at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was $300 million and $306 million, respectively. The fair value of collateral pledged was $352 million and $360 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company carries this secured financing instrument at fair value of $292 million and $299 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the weighted average borrowing rate on secured financing agreements at fair value was 5.0%, respectively. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the haircut for the secured financing agreements at fair value was 7.5%, respectively. At March 31, 2026, the maturity on the secured financing agreements at fair value was more than two years.

8. Securitized Debt

All of the Company’s securitized debt is collateralized by residential mortgage loans or Non-Agency RMBS. For financial reporting purposes, the Company’s securitized debt is accounted for as secured borrowings. Thus, the residential mortgage loans or RMBS held as collateral are recorded in the assets of the Company as Loans held for investment or Non-Agency RMBS and the securitized debt is recorded as a non-recourse liability in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Securitized Debt Collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company’s securitized debt collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS was carried at amortized cost and had a principal balance of $110 million. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the debt carried a weighted average coupon of 6.7%. As of March 31, 2026, the maturities of the debt range between the years 2036 and 2037. None of the Company’s securitized debt collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS is callable.

The Company did not acquire any securitized debt collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

The following table presents the estimated principal repayment schedule of the securitized debt collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based on expected cash flows of the RMBS, as adjusted for projected losses on the underlying collateral of the debt. All of the securitized debt recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition is non-recourse to the Company.

Maturities of the Company’s securitized debt collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS are dependent upon cash flows received from the underlying collateral. The estimate of their repayment is based on scheduled principal payments on the underlying collateral. This estimate will differ from actual amounts to the extent prepayments or losses are experienced. See Note 3 — Mortgage-Backed Securities for a more detailed discussion of the securities collateralizing the securitized debt.

Securitized Debt Collateralized by Loans Held for Investment

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company’s securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment had a principal balance of $5.8 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the total securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment carried a weighted average coupon of 3.6% and 3.7%, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, the maturities of the debt range between the years 2038 and 2099.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company redeemed eight securitizations collateralized by $1.5 billion of fully valued reperforming loans. The Company sold $1.2 billion of these seasoned reperforming loans and retained $287 million in Loans held for investment. In conjunction with the redemption of these securitizations, the Company acquired securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment with an amortized cost balance of $1.0 billion for $1.0 billion. These transactions resulted in net loss on extinguishment of debt of $39 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company acquired securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment with an amortized cost balance of $314 million for $312 million, which resulted in net loss on extinguishment of debt of $2 million.

The following table presents the estimated principal repayment schedule of the securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based on expected cash flows of the residential mortgage loans or RMBS, as adjusted for projected losses on the underlying collateral of the debt. All of the securitized debt recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition is non-recourse to the Company.

Maturities of the Company’s securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment are dependent upon cash flows received from the underlying loans. The estimate of their repayment is based on scheduled principal payments on the underlying loans. This estimate will differ from actual amounts to the extent prepayments or loan losses are experienced. See Note 4 — Loans Held for Investment for a more detailed discussion of the loans collateralizing the securitized debt.

Certain of the securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment contain call provisions at the option of the Company at a specific date. Other securitized debt issued by the Company contain clean-up call provisions. A clean-up call provision is a right to call the outstanding debt at pre-defined terms when the collateral falls below a certain percentage of the original balance, typically 10%. Generally, these clean-up call rights are shared with other parties to the debt, including the loan servicers and the paying agents. Clean-up calls are generally put in place to reduce the administrative burdens when a loan pool balance becomes de minimis hence uneconomical to manage. The following table presents the par value of the callable debt by year as of March 31, 2026, excluding any debt issued by the Company where the Company only has a clean-up call.

9. Long Term Debt

Senior Notes

On May 22, 2024, the Company completed its registered underwritten public offering of $65 million aggregate principal amount of 9.00% senior notes due 2029 (the “9.00% Notes”). The 9.00% Notes were issued at 100% of the principal amount, bear interest at a rate equal to 9.00% per year, payable in cash on a quarterly basis, and are expected to mature on May 15, 2029. After deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs, the Company received approximately $62 million.

On August 19, 2024, the Company completed its registered underwritten public offering of $65 million aggregate principal amount of 9.25% senior notes due 2029 (the “9.25% Notes”). The 9.25% Notes were issued at 100% of the principal amount, bear interest at a rate equal to 9.25% per year, payable in cash on a quarterly basis, and are expected to mature on August 15, 2029. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the Company also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional $10 million aggregate principal amount of the 9.25% Notes to cover over-allotments, which was fully exercised by the underwriters. The Company issued $75 million of total principal amount under this offering and after deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs, the Company received approximately $72 million.

On September 16, 2025, the Company completed a registered underwritten public offering of $120 million (including $5 million from the exercise of an over-allotment option) aggregate principal amount of 8.875% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “8.875% Notes”). The 8.875% Notes were issued at 100% of the principal amount, bear interest at a rate equal to 8.875% per year, payable in cash on a quarterly basis, and are expected to mature on August 15, 2030. The Company issued $120 million of total principal amount under this offering and after deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs, the Company received approximately $116 million.

At March 31, 2026, the outstanding principal amount of these notes was $260 million and the accrued interest payable on this debt was $3 million. At March 31, 2026, the unamortized deferred debt issuance cost was $8 million. The net interest expense was $6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026. At December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal amount of these notes was $260 million and the accrued interest payable on this debt was $3 million. At December 31, 2025, the unamortized deferred debt issuance cost was $8 million. The net interest expense was $17 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The unamortized deferred debt issuance costs will be amortized until maturity, which will be no later than May 15, 2029, August 15, 2029, and August 15, 2030 for the 9.00% Notes, 9.25% Notes, and 8.875% Notes, respectively.

10. Consolidated Securitization Vehicles and Other Variable Interest Entities

Since its inception, the Company has utilized VIEs for the purpose of securitizing whole mortgage loans or re-securitizing RMBS and obtaining long-term, non-recourse financing. The Company evaluated its interest in each VIE to determine if it is the primary beneficiary.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company did not securitize any residential mortgage loans. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company consolidated approximately $934 million UPB of seasoned reperforming residential mortgage loans.

VIEs for Which the Company is the Primary Beneficiary

The retained beneficial interests in VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary are typically the subordinated tranches of these securitizations and in some cases the Company may hold interests in additional tranches. Additionally, the Company owns variable interests in entities that invest in Interests in MSR financing receivables. These entities are VIEs because they do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their activities and the Company has the right to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and hold substantially all of the variable interests in the

entities. The table below reflects the assets and liabilities recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition related to the consolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(1) March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 balances includes allowance for credit losses of $18 million and $17 million, respectively.

Income and expense amounts related to consolidated VIEs recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented in the tables below.

VIEs for Which the Company is Not the Primary Beneficiary

The Company is not required to consolidate VIEs in which it has concluded it does not have a controlling financial interest, and thus is not the primary beneficiary. In such cases, the Company does not have both the power to direct the entities’ most significant activities, such as rights to replace the servicer without cause, and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. The Company’s investments in these unconsolidated VIEs are carried in Non-Agency RMBS on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and include senior and subordinated bonds issued by the VIEs.

The fair value of the Company’s investments in each unconsolidated VIEs at March 31, 2026, ranged from less than $1 million to $22 million with an aggregate amount of $553 million. The fair value of the Company’s investments in each unconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2025, ranged from less than $1 million to $22 million, with an aggregate amount of $607 million. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from these unconsolidated VIEs was $535 million and $582 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The maximum exposure to loss was determined as the amortized cost of the unconsolidated VIE, which represents the purchase price of the investment adjusted by any unamortized premiums or discounts as of the reporting date.

11. Interests in MSR Financing Receivables

The Company does not hold the requisite licenses to purchase or hold MSRs directly. In 2025, the Company entered into purchase agreements to acquire base and excess servicing compensation rights, known as MSRs, associated with a $6.5 billion portfolio of mortgage loans from a licensed, GSE-approved residential mortgage loan servicer, which enables the Company to garner the economic return of an investment in an MSR purchased by the mortgage servicing counterparty through an MSR financing transaction. The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a Reference Spread Agreement for Agency Loans to purchase the base servicing fee on the mortgage servicing loans at a rate of 12.5 basis points less the cost of servicing and other ancillary fees and income. In addition, the Company, through a consolidated VIE, purchased an interest in the true excess servicing fees (“ESS”) from the mortgage servicing counterparty as outlined by a True Excess Spread Agreement (“TESPA”). Under the terms of the TESPA, the Company (i) purchased the ESS from the mortgage servicing counterparty, entitling the Company to monthly distributions of the servicing fees collected by the mortgage loan servicer in excess of 12.5 basis points per annum (and to distributions of corresponding proceeds from the sale of the MSRs), and (ii) will fund the balance of the MSR purchase price to the parent company of the mortgage loan servicer and, in exchange, has an unsecured right to payment of certain amounts determined by reference to the MSR, generally equal to the servicing fee revenue less the ESS and the costs of servicing (and to distributions of corresponding proceeds from the sale of the MSRs). The Company's investment in MSRs, net of any related financing obtained by the mortgage loan servicer, was $38 million.

As a means to increase potential returns to the Company, at the Company’s election, it can request the mortgage servicing counterparty to utilize leverage on the MSRs to which the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables are referenced, or to finance the purchase of additional MSRs. As of March 31, 2026, the Company’s counterparty had drawn $59 million of financing secured by the MSRs to which the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables are referenced.

The Company accounts for transactions executed under its arrangement with the mortgage servicing counterparty as financing transactions and reflects the associated financing receivables in the line item “Interests in MSR financing receivables” on its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company has elected to account for its Interests in MSR financing receivables at fair value with changes in fair value that are not attributed to interest income recognized as a component of “Net unrealized gains on financial instruments at fair value” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Recurring servicing fees, ancillary income, recapture income, and float earnings associated with MSRs are recognized on a cash basis when received. The Company will record the income related to distributions (cash received) as “Interest income from investment in MSR financing receivables, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognized interest income from investment in MSR financing receivables, net, of $2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026.

As of March 31, 2026, the fair value of the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables was $40 million. As of March 31, 2025, the Company did not hold any Interests in MSR financing receivables. The following table presents activity related to the carrying value of the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables for the period indicated:

12. Derivative Instruments

In connection with the Company’s interest rate risk management strategy, the Company may seek to economically hedge a portion of its interest rate risk by entering into derivative financial instrument contracts in the form of interest rate swaps, swaptions, U.S. Treasury futures, swap futures and interest rate caps. Swaps are used to lock in a fixed rate related to a portion of the Company's current and anticipated payments on secured financing agreements. The Company typically agrees to pay a fixed rate of interest, or pay rate, in exchange for the right to receive a floating rate of interest, or receive rate, over a specified period of time. Interest rate swaptions provide the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. The Company’s swaptions are not centrally cleared. U.S. Treasury futures are derivatives that track the prices of generic benchmark U.S. Treasury securities with identical maturity and are traded on an active exchange. It is generally the Company’s policy to close out any U.S. Treasury futures

positions prior to delivering the underlying security. U.S. Treasury futures lock in a fixed rate related to a portion of its current and anticipated payments on its secured financing agreements. Swap futures are exchange-traded contracts that mirror the economics of an interest rate swap, where one party pays a fixed rate and the other pays a floating rate based on the SOFR. Swap futures are marked-to-market daily, with prices published by the CME Group. Interest rate caps are used to protect against rising floating interest rates related to a portion of the Company’s current and anticipated payments on secured financing arrangements, with the Company receiving payments when SOFR exceeds the strike rate over a specified term.

The Company’s derivatives are recorded as either assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and measured at fair value. These derivative financial instrument contracts are not designated as hedges for GAAP; therefore, all changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. The Company elects to net the fair value of its derivative contracts by counterparty when appropriate. These contracts contain legally enforceable provisions that allow for netting or setting off of all individual derivative receivables and payables with each counterparty and therefore, the fair values of those derivative contracts are reported net the counterparty.

The use of derivatives creates exposure to credit risk relating to potential losses that could be recognized if the counterparties to these instruments fail to perform their obligations under the contracts. In the event of a default by the counterparty, the Company could have difficulty obtaining its RMBS or cash pledged as collateral for these derivative instruments. The Company periodically monitors the credit profiles of its counterparties to determine if it is exposed to counterparty credit risk. See Note 17 — Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk for further discussion of counterparty credit risk.

The Company enters into IRLCs with prospective borrowers to originate mortgage loans at a specified interest rate. The estimated fair value of the Company’s IRLCs was $4 million as of March 31, 2026. Total gains, inclusive of both realized and unrealized amounts, is included in the Company’s Gain on origination and sale of loans, net, within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Interest Rate Swaps

The weighted average pay rate on the Company’s interest rate swaps at March 31, 2026 was 3.55% and the weighted average receive rate was 3.68%. At March 31, 2026, the weighted average maturity on the Company’s interest rate swaps was less than six years.

The weighted average pay rate on the Company’s interest rate swaps at December 31, 2025 was 3.44% and the weighted average receive rate was 3.87%. At December 31, 2025, the weighted average maturity on the Company’s interest rate swaps was less than six years.

The Company had net realized losses of $3 million related to swap terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The Company had no swap terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Swap Futures

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company had Swap futures with a notional of $340 million. The Company had no swap futures terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had Swap futures with a notional of $340 million. The Company had no swap future terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Swaptions

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company had no open swaption positions. The Company had net realized gains of $2 million related to swaptions during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company had no swaption terminations. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had swaptions with a notional value of $600 million.

Interest Rate Caps

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company entered into two interest rate caps. The Company paid $5 million for a $500 million notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.00% on SOFR as the market reference rate. The Company paid $8 million for a $600 million notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.30% on SOFR as the market reference rate. The Company held a $500 million notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.95% on SOFR as the market reference rate. The Company terminated $500 million notional interest rate cap with a 3.95% strike rate for a realized loss of $4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had a $1.0 billion notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.95% on SOFR as the market reference rate.

Treasury Futures Contracts

For the Investment Portfolio segment, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company had no open U.S. Treasury future positions. For the Investment Portfolio segment, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company had no realized gains or losses. For the Investment Portfolio segment, during the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had no open U.S. Treasury future positions.

For the Investment Portfolio segment, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company covered its open short position of 1,000 two-year U.S. Treasury Futures contracts for a net realized gain of $82 thousand.

For the Residential Origination segment, during the period ended March 31, 2026, the Company entered into 233 short five-year and 905 short two-year U.S. Treasury futures contract with notional amounts of $23 million and $181 million respectively, which it subsequently covered for a realized gain of $112 thousand. The Company is short 212 five-year and 800 two-year U.S. Treasury futures contracts at March 31, 2026. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company was short 197 five-year and 765 two-year U.S. Treasury futures contracts.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

For the Residential Origination segment, the Company enters into IRLCs with prospective borrowers to originate mortgage loans at a specified interest rate. At March 31, 2026, the notional amount of the locked pipeline was $261 million with a fair value of $4 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company had net realized gains of $303 thousand. At December 31, 2025, the notional amount of the locked pipeline was $200 million with a fair value of $4 million.

TBAs

The Company may purchase TBA securities as a means of investing in non-specified fixed-rate Agency RMBS, and may also sell TBA securities to economically hedge its portfolio. A TBA security is a forward contract for the purchase (“long position”) or sale (“short position”) of a fixed-rate Agency MBS at a predetermined price, with specified general collateral characteristics, including issuer, maturity, and coupon. The specific securities to be delivered are not identified until shortly before the settlement date.

The Company may establish long, short, or combined positions in TBA securities through a series of transactions, commonly referred to as “dollar roll” transactions. A dollar roll transaction effectively delays the settlement of a forward purchase (or sale) of a non-specified Agency RMBS by entering into an offsetting TBA position, net settling the paired-off positions in cash, and simultaneously entering into an identical TBA long (or short) position with a later settlement date. TBA securities purchased or sold for a forward settlement date are generally priced at a discount relative to those settling in the current month as the holder of a current settlement position will receive coupon payments sooner than those settling in the forward month. This price difference, referred to as “drop income (expense),” represents the economic equivalent of net interest income (interest income less implied financing cost) on the underlying Agency security from the trade date to the settlement date.

The following table presents information about the Company's TBA purchase and sale contracts as of March 31, 2026. The Company did not own TBAs as of December 31, 2025.

Drop expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $438 thousand and is reported within Periodic interest on derivatives, net in the consolidated statements of operations. At March 31, 2026, the Company had realized gain of $8 million. The Company did not own TBAs as of March 31, 2025.

The Company also maintains collateral in the form of cash margin from its counterparties to its derivative contracts. In accordance with the Company's netting policy, the Company presents the fair value of its derivative contracts net of cash margin received. See Note 17 — Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk for additional details on derivative netting.

The table below summarizes the location and fair value of the derivatives reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition after counterparty netting and posting of cash collateral as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(1) Interest rate swaps includes no notional amount of cancellable swaps under which the Company retains the right to terminate the swap on specified future dates.

(1) Interest rate swaps include $575 million in notional amount of cancellable swaps under which the Company retains the right to terminate the swap on specified future dates.

The effect of the Company’s derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, is presented below.

When the Company enters into derivative contracts, they are typically subject to International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements or other similar agreements, such agreements may contain provisions that grant counterparties certain rights with respect to the applicable agreement upon the occurrence of certain events such as (i) a decline in stockholders’ equity in excess of specified thresholds or dollar amounts over set periods of time, (ii) the Company’s failure to maintain its REIT status, (iii) the Company’s failure to comply with limits on the amount of leverage, and (iv) the Company’s stock being delisted from the NYSE. Upon the occurrence of any one of items (i) through (iv), or another default under the agreement, the counterparty to the applicable agreement has a right to terminate the agreement in accordance with its provisions. If the Company breaches any of these provisions, it will be required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination values, which approximates fair value.

13. Capital Stock

Preferred Stock

The Company declared dividends to Series A preferred stockholders of $3 million, or $0.50 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The Company declared dividends to Series A preferred stockholders of $3 million, or $0.50 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

The Company declared dividends to Series B preferred stockholders of $8 million, or $0.61 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The Company declared dividends to Series B preferred stockholders of $8 million, or $0.65 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

The Company declared dividends to Series C preferred stockholders of $6 million, or $0.54 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The Company declared dividends to Series C preferred stockholders of $5 million, or $0.48 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

The Company declared dividends to Series D preferred stockholders of $5 million, or $0.58 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The Company declared dividends to Series D preferred stockholders of $5 million, or $0.62 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

On October 30, 2021, all 5,800,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $145 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

On March 30, 2024, all 13,000,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $325 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

On March 30, 2024, all 8,000,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $200 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

On September 30, 2025, all 10,400,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $260 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

After June 30, 2023, all LIBOR tenors relevant to the Company ceased to be published or became no longer representative. The Company believes that the federal Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act and the related regulations promulgated thereunder are applicable to each of its Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock. In light of the applicability of the law to the aforementioned preferred stock, the Company believes, given all of the information available to the Company to date, that three-month CME Term SOFR plus the applicable tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum have automatically replaced three-month LIBOR as the reference rate for calculations of the dividend rate payable on the relevant preferred stock for dividend periods from and after (i) March 30, 2024, in the case of the Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) September 30, 2025, in the case of the Series C Preferred Stock, and (iii) March 30, 2024, in the case of the Series D Preferred Stock.

Common Stock

In January 2024, the Company's Board of Directors updated the authorization of the Company’s share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase Program”) to include the Company's preferred stock and increased the authorization by $33 million to $250 million. Such authorization does not have an expiration date, and at present, there is no intention to modify or otherwise rescind such authorization. Shares of the Company's common stock and preferred stock may be purchased in the open market, including through block purchases, through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined at the Company's discretion and the program may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time, for any reason. Among other factors, the Company intends to only consider repurchasing shares of its common stock when the purchase price is less than the last publicly reported book value per common share. In addition, the Company does not intend to repurchase any shares from directors, officers or other affiliates. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares, and all repurchases will be made in accordance with Rule 10b-18, which sets certain restrictions on the method, timing, price and volume of stock repurchases.

The Company did not repurchase any of its common stock during the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the Share Repurchase Program is $250 million as of March 31, 2026.

In 2022, the Company entered into separate Distribution Agency Agreements (the “Existing Sales Agreements”) with each of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, JMP Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. In February 2023, the Company amended the Existing Sales Agreements and entered into separate Distribution Agency Agreements (together with the Existing Sales Agreements, as amended, the “Sales Agreements”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and UBS Securities LLC (replacing Credit Suisse Securities LLC) to include J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and UBS Securities LLC as additional sales agents. Pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreements, the Company may offer and sell shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $500 million, from time to time in “at the market” offerings through any of the sales agents under the Securities Act of 1933. The Company did not issue any shares under the at-the-market sales program during the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be issued under our at-the-market sales program is $426 million as of March 31, 2026.

During quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company declared dividends to common shareholders of $38 million or $0.45 per share. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company declared dividends to common shareholders of $30 million, or $0.37 per share.

Earnings per Share (EPS)

EPS for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are computed as follows:

For the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company reported a net loss; therefore all potential common shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive shares during the quarters ended March 31, 2025.

14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the changes in the components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, or the AOCI, for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

The amounts reclassified from AOCI balance comprised of $3 million net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities sold for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. There were no amounts reclassified from AOCI during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

15. Equity Compensation, Employment Agreements and other Benefit Plans

On June 14, 2023, the Board of Directors recommended and shareholders approved the Chimera Investment Corporation 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). It authorized the issuance of up to 6,666,667 shares of our common stock for the grant of awards under the Plan. The Plan replaced our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective December 10, 2015 (the “Prior Plan”), and no new awards will be granted under the Prior Plan. Any awards outstanding under the Prior Plan

will remain subject to and be paid under the Prior Plan. Any shares subject to outstanding awards under the Prior Plan that expire, terminate, or are surrendered or forfeited for any reason without issuance of shares will automatically become available for issuance under the Plan. Also, shares withheld for tax withholding requirements after stockholder approval of the Plan for full value awards originally granted under the Prior Plan (such as the RSUs and PSUs awarded to our named executive officers) will automatically become available for issuance under the Plan.

As of March 31, 2026, approximately 3 million shares were available for future grants under the Plan.

Awards under the Plan may include stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”) and other share-based awards (including RSUs). Under the Plan, any of these awards may be performance awards that are conditioned on the attainment of performance goals.

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company had previously approved a Stock Award Deferral Program, or the Deferral Program. The Deferral Program consisted of two distinct non-qualified deferred compensation plans within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, as amended, one for non-employee directors (the “Director Plan”) and one for certain executive officers (the “Executive Officer Plan”). Under the Deferral Program, non-employee directors and certain executive officers could elect to defer payment of certain stock awards made pursuant to the Plan. Deferred awards are treated as deferred stock units and paid at the earlier of separation from service or a date elected by the participant who is separating. Payments are generally made in a lump sum or, if elected by the participant, in five annual installments. Deferred awards receive dividend equivalents during the deferral period in the form of additional deferred stock units. Amounts are paid at the end of the deferral period by delivery of shares from the Plan (plus cash for any fractional deferred stock units), less any applicable tax withholdings. Deferral elections do not alter any vesting requirements applicable to the underlying stock award. On November 5, 2024, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company irrevocably terminated the Executive Officer Plan and suspended new deferral elections under the Director Plan. The Executive Officer Plan was liquidated as of November 30, 2025, and all amounts outstanding under the Executive Officer Plan on the liquidation date were paid at that time in accordance with applicable tax rules. All deferrals previously made under the Director Plan will remain outstanding, and all deferrals pursuant to prior elections made by directors will be paid on the originally scheduled payment dates. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there are approximately 92 thousand shares for which payments have been deferred until separation or a date elected by the participant. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there are approximately 224 thousand and 269 thousand DERs earned but not yet delivered, respectively.

Grants of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company granted RSU awards to senior management, employees and directors. These RSU awards are designed to reward senior management, employees of the Company and directors for services provided to the Company. Generally, the RSU awards vest equally over a three-year period and will fully vest after three years. For employees who are retirement eligible, defined as years of service to the Company plus age that is equal to or greater than 65, the service period is considered to be fulfilled and all grants are expensed immediately. For senior management who are retirement eligible, defined as having attained age 55 and the sum of his or her age plus his or her years of service is equal or greater than 65, the service period is considered to be fulfilled and all grants are expensed immediately. The RSU awards are valued at the market price of our common stock on the grant date and generally the employees must be employed by the Company on the vesting dates to receive the RSU awards. The Company granted 439 thousand RSU awards during the three months ended March 31, 2026 with a grant date fair value of $6 million which includes stock grants to both Chimera and HomeXpress employees for the 2026 performance year. The Company granted 304 thousand RSU awards during the three months ended March 31, 2025 with a grant date fair value of $4 million for the 2025 performance year.

In addition, in connection with the HomeXpress Acquisition, the Compensation Committee adopted the Chimera Investment Corporation 2025 Inducement Award Plan (the “Award Plan”), pursuant to which the Company reserved 540,000 shares of Chimera’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share for issuance under the Award Plan solely to individuals who were not previously employees of Chimera or any subsidiary of Chimera (or who are returning to employment following a bona fide period of interruption of employment with Chimera), in accordance with NYSE Listed Company Manual Rule 303A.08. The Award Plan was approved by the Compensation Committee without shareholder approval pursuant to NYSE Listed Company Manual Rule 303A.08. The Compensation Committee also adopted a form of restricted stock unit award agreement for use with the Award Plan. The Company issued restricted stock units to certain employees of HomeXpress as a material inducement for such employees to continue their employment with HomeXpress following the completion of the HomeXpress Acquisition. In connection with this transaction, stock-based compensation expense of $7 million will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period.

Grants of Performance Share Units (“PSUs”)

PSU awards are designed to align compensation with the Company’s future performance. The PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 include a three-year performance period ending on December 31, 2028. For the PSU

awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026, the final number of shares awarded will be between 0% and 150% of the PSUs granted based on share price performance compared to a peer group. The PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025, include a three-year performance period ending on December 31, 2027. For the PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025, the final number of shares awarded will be between 0% and 200% of the PSUs granted based equally on the Company Economic Return and share price performance compared to a peer group. The Company’s three-year Company Economic Return is equal to the Company’s change in book value per common share plus common stock dividends. Share price performance equals change in share price plus common stock dividends. Compensation expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period based on an estimate of the Company Economic Return and share price performance in relation to the entities in the peer group and will be adjusted each period based on the Company’s best estimate of the actual number of shares awarded. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company granted 415 thousand PSU awards to senior management with a grant date fair value of $5 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company granted 296 thousand PSU awards to senior management with a grant date fair value of $4 million.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $5 million which includes stock grants to both Chimera and HomeXpress employees for the three months ended March 31, 2026. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The Company also maintains a qualified 401(k) plan. The plan is a retirement savings plan that allows eligible employees to contribute a portion of their wages on a tax-deferred basis under Section 401(k) of the Code. Employees may contribute, through payroll deductions, up to $24,500 if under the age of 50 years and an additional $8,000 “catch-up” contribution for employees 50 years or older. The Company matches 100% of the first 6% of the eligible compensation deferred by employee contributions. The employer funds the 401(k) matching contributions in the form of cash, and participants may direct the Company match to an investment of their choice. The benefit of the Company’s contributions vests immediately. Generally, a participating employee is entitled to distributions from the plans upon termination of employment, retirement, death or disability. The 401(k) expenses related to the Company’s qualified plan for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $1 million and $239 thousand, respectively.

16. Income Taxes

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company qualified to be taxed as a REIT under Code Sections 856 through 860. As a REIT, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that it makes qualifying distributions of taxable income to its stockholders. To maintain qualification as a REIT, the Company must distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) to its shareholders and meet certain other requirements such as assets it may hold, income it may generate and its shareholder composition. It is generally the Company’s policy to distribute to its shareholders all of the Company’s taxable income.

The state and local tax jurisdictions in which the Company is subject to tax-filing obligations recognize the Company’s status as a REIT and, therefore, the Company generally does not pay income tax in such jurisdictions. The Company may, however, be subject to certain minimum state and local tax filing fees and its TRSs are subject to U.S. federal, state, and local taxes.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $2 million and income tax expense of $2 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively.

The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal corporate statutory tax rate of 21 percent primarily due to the deduction of dividend distributions required to be paid under Code Section 857(a).

The Company’s U.S. federal, state and local tax returns for the tax years ending on or after December 31, 2022 remain open for examination.

17. Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s primary components of market risk are credit risk and interest rate risk. The Company is subject to interest rate risk in connection with its investments in Agency MBS and Non-Agency RMBS, residential mortgage loans, borrowings under secured financing agreements and securitized debt. When the Company assumes interest rate risk, it attempts to minimize interest rate risk through asset selection, hedging and matching the income earned on mortgage assets with the cost of related financing.

The Company attempts to manage credit risk through due diligence, asset selection and portfolio monitoring. The Company may invest in a variety of residential loan products, including but not limited to, Non-QM, QM, jumbo prime, RTLs, Investor Loans and reperforming residential mortgage loans. The Company seeks to manage credit risk through ensuring loans are

originated in compliance with regulatory requirements, serviced in accordance with acceptable servicing practices, diversified geographically, and contain loan characteristics sufficiently aligned with borrower credit attributes.

By using derivative instruments and secured financing agreements, the Company is exposed to counterparty credit risk if counterparties to the contracts do not perform as expected. If a counterparty fails to perform on a derivative instrument, the Company’s counterparty credit risk is equal to the amount reported as a derivative asset on its balance sheet to the extent that amount exceeds collateral obtained from the counterparty or, if in a net liability position, the extent to which collateral posted exceeds the liability to the counterparty. The amounts reported as a derivative asset/(liability) are derivative contracts in a gain/(loss) position, and to the extent subject to master netting arrangements, net of derivatives in a loss/(gain) position with the same counterparty and collateral received/(pledged). If the counterparty fails to perform on a secured financing agreement, the Company is exposed to a loss to the extent that the fair value of collateral pledged exceeds the liability to the counterparty. The Company attempts to minimize counterparty credit risk by evaluating and monitoring the counterparty’s credit, executing master netting arrangements and obtaining collateral, and executing contracts and agreements with multiple counterparties to reduce exposure to a single counterparty.

The Company's secured financing transactions are governed by underlying agreements that provide for a right of setoff by the lender, including in the event of default or bankruptcy of the borrowing party to the transactions. The Company's derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that provide for a right of setoff under master netting arrangements, including in the event of default or bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. The Company presents its assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities that are subject to such arrangements and can potentially be offset on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(1) Included in Other assets

(2) Includes Futures with underlying Eris Secured Overnight Financing Rate Swaps and U.S. Treasuries

(1) Included in Other assets

(2) Includes Futures with underlying Eris Secured Overnight Financing Rate Swaps and U.S. Treasuries

18. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In connection with certain securitization transactions engaged in by the Company, it has the obligation under certain circumstances to repurchase assets from the VIE upon breach of certain representations and warranties.

Interests in MSR Financing Receivable Commitments

The Company is party to agreements with a licensed, GSE-approved residential mortgage loan servicer that enables it to garner the economic return of an investment in an MSR purchased by the mortgage servicing counterparty through an MSR financing transaction. The Company has committed to invest a total minimum of $38.2 million of capital. The Company has the option to request the mortgage servicing counterparty to sell the related MSR investments and repay the Company amounts owed to it under the MSR financing transaction less a minimum fee the mortgage servicing counterparty would have earned over the remaining original commitment periods.

At the Company’s election, it can request the mortgage servicing counterparty utilize leverage on the MSRs related to its Interests in MSR financing receivables. As of March 31, 2026, the Company’s mortgage servicing counterparty has a $100 million credit facility that is secured by certain MSRs, including MSRs to which the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables are referenced. As of March 31, 2026, the mortgage servicing counterparty had drawn $58.5 million of availability under its credit facility. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had the ability to utilize approximately 41.5% of its mortgage servicing counterparty’s available undrawn capacity under its credit facility. In general, the mortgage servicing counterparty can obtain advances of up to 65% of the fair value of the MSR collateral value pledged. Under the mortgage servicing counterparty’s credit facility, if the fair value of the pledged MSR collateral declines and the lender demands additional collateral from our mortgage servicing counterparty through a margin call, the Company would be required to provide the mortgage servicing counterparty with additional funds to meet such margin call. If the Company were unable to satisfy such margin call, the lender could liquidate the MSR collateral position to which the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables are referenced to satisfy the loan obligation, thereby reducing the value of the Company’s Interests in MSR financing receivables. Draws under the facility bear interest at term SOFR plus 3.00% with a floor of 5.50% and a maturity date of July 31, 2027 with a one-year borrower extension option.

Under the arrangement, the Company is obligated to provide funds to the mortgage servicing counterparty to fund its advances of payments on the serviced pool of mortgage loans within the referenced MSR. The mortgage servicing counterparty is required to return to the Company any subsequent servicing advances collected or reimbursed by the GSEs. At the Company’s option, it could request the mortgage servicing counterparty to fund any servicing advances with draws under its credit facility, subject to available borrowing capacity, but the Company would be required to fund such financing costs.

Repurchase reserves

When the Company sells mortgage loans it makes customary representations and warranties to the purchasers about various characteristics of each loan such as the origination and underwriting guidelines, including, but not limited to the validity of the lien securing the loan, property eligibility, borrower credit, income and asset requirements, and compliance with applicable federal, state, and local law. The whole loan sale agreements generally require the Company to repurchase loans if a representation or warranty is breached. In addition, the Company could also be required to repurchase loans as a result of borrower fraud or if a payment default occurs on a mortgage loan shortly after its sale. In the event of a breach of its representations and warranties, the Company may be required to either repurchase the mortgage loans with the identified defects or indemnify the investor or insurer for any loss. The Company’s loss may be reduced by proceeds from the sale or liquidation of the repurchased loan. In such event, the Company may have the right to seek a recovery of related repurchase losses from the referring mortgage broker.

In the case of early loan payoffs and early defaults on certain loans, the Company may be required to repay all, or a portion, of the premium initially paid by the investor. The estimated obligation associated with early loan payoffs and early defaults is calculated based on current market conditions and historical loss experience by type of loan.

The Company records a provision or a benefit for losses relating to such representations and warranties as part of its loan sale transactions. The provision for estimated repurchase losses and premium recaptures is included in Gain on origination and sale of loans, net, on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The method used to estimate the liability for representations and warranties is a function of the representations and warranties given and considers a combination of factors, including, but not limited to, estimated future default and loan repurchase rates, the potential severity of loss in the event of default including any loss on sale or liquidation of the repurchased loan, and the probability of reimbursement by the referring mortgage broker. The Company establishes a liability at the time loans are sold and updates its estimated repurchase liability based on actual and industry performance characteristics, and loan decrement (amortization and prepayment) estimates. The level of the repurchase liability is difficult to estimate and requires considerable management judgment. Given that the level of mortgage loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, investor demands for loan repurchases and other external conditions that may change over the lives of the underlying loans, market expectations around losses related to the Company’s obligations could vary significantly from the obligation recorded as of the balance sheet dates.

The settlements, net, for the quarters ended March 31, 2026, were primarily related to the repayment of premiums on early loan payoffs. Repurchase reserves are included within Accounts payable and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The activity related to the Company’s loan repurchase reserves for previously sold loans for the three months ended March 31, 2026, is as follows:

During the first quarter of 2026, the Company, through its TRS subsidiary, committed to purchase $187 million of Non-QM and Investor Loans from HomeXpress. The trade is expected to settle in the second quarter of 2026. The loan pricing for these loans is based on observable market inputs and is consistent with pricing received from private investors.

19. Business Combination

HomeXpress Acquisition

On October 1, 2025, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary CIM Funding TRS, completed the HomeXpress Acquisition. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805 using the acquisition method of accounting. HomeXpress’ assets and liabilities, adjusted to reflect their estimated fair values at the acquisition date, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. See Note 20 — Segment Reporting for information regarding the impact of the HomeXpress Acquisition on the Company’s reportable segments.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, HomeXpress contributed approximately $4 million of net interest income, $21 million of other income related to the gain on origination and sale of loans, and $8 million of net income to the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

Measurement Period Considerations

The Company is within the measurement period for the HomeXpress Acquisition, which extends up to one year from the acquisition date. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company did not record any measurement period adjustments related to the HomeXpress Acquisition. Accordingly, the preliminary allocation of the purchase price, including amounts recorded as goodwill and intangible assets, remains unchanged from that reported as of December 31, 2025.

Goodwill and intangible assets recognized in connection with the HomeXpress Acquisition are included in Other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. See Note 2 — Summary of the Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.

20. Segment Reporting

At March 31, 2026, the Company's reportable segments include (i) Investment Portfolio and (ii) Residential Origination.

Residential Origination segment

The Residential Origination segment consists of the stand-alone mortgage origination business of HomeXpress that originates Non-QM residential mortgage loans (both consumer loans and Investor Loans), and other Non-Agency and Agency mortgage loan products. This segment includes the related goodwill and intangible assets, operating revenues and expenses, and certain assets directly associated with the origination platform, including HomeXpress-related residential whole loans and real estate owned.

Investment Portfolio Segment

The Investment Portfolio segment consists of the Company’s investments and third-party advisory services activities, and includes its investments in financial assets including (i) residential mortgage loans and properties, (ii) real estate-related securities, (iii) consumer loans, (iv) MSR-related investments and (v) certain ancillary investments and equity method investments, as well as associated financing, hedging, and various allocable expenses. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2025, these activities comprised the Company’s single reportable segment.

Chief Operating Decision Maker and Performance Measures

The Company's segment reporting aligns with the information reviewed by the Company’s CODM for purposes of performance assessment and resource allocation. The Company identifies its CODM as the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates performance and makes investment and operating decisions based on each segment's contribution to net income. This measure is also used in the Company’s annual budgeting and forecasting process and in assessing budget-to-actual variances when allocating capital and personnel to the segments throughout the year.

Basis of Presentation and Recast of Prior Period

The segment information presented below reflects the Company's current reportable segment structure.

The Company completed its acquisition of HomeXpress on October 1, 2025, which resulted in the establishment of the Residential Origination segment. As a result, no revenues or expenses are presented for the Residential Origination segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Accordingly, the segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not directly comparable to those of the prior year period.

Segment Results

The following tables present, for each reportable segment, revenues, the measure of segment profit or loss, and significant segment expenses that are regularly reviewed by the CODM. Segment results are prepared on the same basis as the Company’s consolidated financial statements and are reconciled to consolidated amounts below:

Segment Assets

The CODM reviews total assets by segment in evaluating performance and allocating resources. Segment assets are presented on the same basis as the Company’s consolidated financial statements and are reconciled to consolidated total assets below.

21. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

| Net interest income: | | | | | |

Interest income (1) $219,295 $220,328 $190,616 $(1,033) $28,679 Interest expense (2) 144,293 154,150 121,397 (9,857) 22,896 Net interest income 75,002 66,178 69,219 8,824 5,783 Increase in provision for credit losses 2,824 5,322 3,387 (2,498) (563) | Other income (losses): | | | | | | Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives 18,150 27,303 (6,469) (9,153) 24,619 Realized gains (losses) on derivatives 2,870 (17,495) 82 20,365 2,788 Periodic interest on derivatives, net 1,834 5,422 4,135 (3,588) (2,301) Net gains (losses) on derivatives 22,854 15,230 (2,252) 7,624 25,106 Investment management and advisory fees 7,165 9,128 8,936 (1,963) (1,771) Interest income from investment in MSR financing receivables, net (3) 2,311 20 — 2,291 2,311 Net unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value (37,536) (17,138) 128,895 (20,398) (166,431) Net realized losses on sales of investments (40,428) (23,268) — (17,160) (40,428) Gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt (38,858) 20 2,122 (38,878) (40,980) Other investment gains (losses) (910) 1,252 (417) (2,162) (493) Gain on origination and sale of loans, net 21,385 20,590 — 795 21,385 Total other income (losses) (64,017) 5,834 137,284 (69,851) (201,301) | Other expenses: | | | | | | Compensation and benefits (4) 26,706 18,202 13,085 8,504 13,621 General and administrative expenses 12,161 9,337 6,907 2,824 5,254 Servicing and asset manager fees 5,522 6,011 7,431 (489) (1,909) Depreciation, amortization, and impairment expense 9,648 4,332 951 5,316 8,697 Transaction expenses 98 625 5,688 (527) (5,590) Total other expenses 54,136 38,507 34,062 15,629 20,074 Income (loss) before income taxes (45,974) 28,184 169,052 (74,158) (215,026) Income tax (benefit) expense (2,064) (148) 1,755 (1,916) (3,819) Net income (loss) $(43,910) $28,332 $167,297 $(72,242) $(211,207) Dividends on preferred stock 21,097 21,831 21,357 (734) (260) Net income (loss) available to common shareholders $(65,007) $6,501 $145,940 $(71,508) $(210,947) | Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders: | | | | | | Basic $(0.78) $0.08 $1.79 $(0.86) $(2.57) Diluted $(0.78) $0.08 $1.77 $(0.86) $(2.55) | Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: | | | | | | Basic 83,661,145 83,844,278 81,350,497 (183,133) 2,310,648 Diluted 83,661,145 85,277,643 82,394,218 (1,616,498) 1,266,927 Dividends declared per share of common stock $0.45 $0.37 $0.37 $0.08 $1.43

(1) Includes interest income of consolidated VIEs of $129,069 and $144,402 for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 respectively.

(2) Includes interest expense of consolidated VIEs of $63,879 and $69,651 for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

(3) Includes interest income from investment in MSR financing receivables of a consolidated VIE of $1,395 for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. We did not hold any investments in MSR financing receivables for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

(4) Includes a related-party, non-cash imputed compensation expense from the Palisades Acquisition of $341 during both quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Comparability of Results

Our results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 reflect the continued integration and full-period impact of our Residential Origination segment, which was acquired in 2025, and as such, prior periods may not be directly comparable.

Results of Operations for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.

The primary source of income for our Investment Portfolio segment is interest income earned on our assets, net of interest expense paid on our financing liabilities, and investment and asset management fees earned through our investment management and advisory business.

The primary source of income for our Residential Origination segment is derived from our mortgage lending activities and is comprised primarily of net gain or loss from the sale of LHFS, and to a lesser extent, net interest income.

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended December 31, 2025

For the quarter ended March 31, 2026, our net loss available to common shareholders was $65 million, or $(0.78) per average basic common share, compared to a net income of $7 million, or $0.08 per average basic common share for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. The decrease of $72 million in net income available to common shareholders for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025, was primarily driven by an increase in losses on extinguishment of debt of $39 million, an increase in net unrealized losses on financial instruments at fair value of $20 million, and an increase in net realized losses on sales of investment of $17 million. These changes were driven by our portfolio optimization efforts and mark-to-market effects of spread widening on our investments. Additionally, our total other expenses increased by $16 million due to an increase in compensation and benefits of $9 million driven by higher bonus accrual and stock compensation acceleration, and an increase in amortization of intangibles and depreciation of $5 million related to the impairment of certain asset management contracts. The decrease in net income available to shareholders was offset by an increase in realized gains on derivatives of $20 million and a decrease in interest expense of $10 million.

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended March 31, 2025

For the quarter ended March 31, 2026, our net loss available to common shareholders was $65 million, or $(0.78) per average basic common share, compared to a net income of $146 million, or $1.79 per average basic common share for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The decrease of $211 million in net income available to common shareholders for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025, was primarily driven by a decrease in net unrealized gains on financial instruments at fair value of $166 million, a decrease in gains on extinguishment of debt of $41 million, net realized losses of $40 million, and an increase to compensation and benefits of $14 million due to the inclusion of staffing costs and rising headcounts from the HomeXpress Acquisition. These decreases in net income available to common shareholders were offset by an increase in net unrealized gains on derivatives of $25 million, an increase in net interest income of $6 million, and decrease in transaction expenses of $6 million, and the addition of gain on origination and sale of loans, net, of $21 million attributable to HomeXpress operations which were not a part of our results of operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Interest Income

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended December 31, 2025

Our interest income revenues are driven primarily by our Investment Portfolio segment. Interest income decreased slightly by $1 million, or 0.5%, to $219 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $220 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. This slight decrease in our interest income during the quarter ended March 31, 2026 was due to a slight decline in our average asset earning balances as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025.

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended March 31, 2025

Interest income increased by $29 million, or 15.0%, to $219 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $191 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by our Agency Pass-through purchases during the period, resulting in an increase in interest income on our Agency RMBS portfolio of $37 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was also attributable to interest income of $14 million from LHFS related to our Residential Origination segment and $2 million related to our investment in MSRs which were not part of our operations during the prior year. The increase in interest income was offset by decreases in income on our Non-agency RMBS and Loans held for investment portfolios of $4 million and $19 million, respectively, due to asset sales and paydowns during the quarter.

Interest Expense

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended December 31, 2025

Interest expense decreased by $10 million, or 6.4%, to $144 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $154 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. The decrease was driven by a reduction in our average securitized debt balance of $556 million, as we called eight securitizations which results in a decrease of $7 million in interest expense on Securitized debt, collateralized by loans during the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2025. The interest expense on secured financing agreements collateralized by Loans held for investments decreased by $2 million due to lower average loan balances resulting from our assets sales in the first quarter of 2026.

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended March 31, 2025

Interest expense increased by $23 million, or 18.9%, to $144 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $121 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in our borrowings under secured financing agreements collateralized by an Agency RMBS balance of $3.3 billion to finance the Agency RMBS purchases during the first quarter. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the interest expense on secured financing agreements collateralized by Agency RMBS increased by $25 million due to higher balances. The increase was also driven by the additional interest expense of $10 million on warehouse financing used by HomeXpress to fund our loans from origination through sale. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in our average securitized debt balance of $1.0 billion, as we called eight securitizations, resulting in a decrease of $6 million in interest expense on securitized debt during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Economic Net Interest Income - Investment Portfolio Segment

Economic net interest income of our Investment Portfolio is a non-GAAP financial measure that equals GAAP net interest income adjusted for net periodic interest on derivatives, interest income from Residential Origination segment and interest income from investment in MSR financing receivables, and excludes interest earned on cash and interest expense from our Residential Origination segment. For the purpose of computing economic net interest income and ratios relating to cost of funds measures throughout this section, interest expense includes net payments on our derivatives, which is presented as a part of Net gains (losses) on derivatives in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Interest rate swaps, Interest rate caps and Swap futures are used to manage the increase in interest paid on secured financing agreements in a rising rate environment. Presenting the net contractual interest payments on interest rate derivatives with the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities reflects our total contractual interest payments. We believe this presentation is useful to investors because it depicts the economic value of our investment strategy by showing all components of interest expense and net interest income of our investment portfolio. However, Economic net interest income should not be viewed in isolation and is not a substitute for net interest income computed in accordance with GAAP. Where indicated, interest expense, adjusting for any interest earned on cash, is referred to as Economic interest expense. Where indicated, net interest income reflecting net periodic interest on derivatives and any interest earned on cash, is referred to as Economic net interest income.

The following table reconciles the Economic net interest income to GAAP net interest income and Economic interest expense to GAAP interest expense for the periods presented.

(1) Primarily interest income on cash and cash equivalents from our Investment Portfolio and Residential Origination segments and interest income from investment in MSR financing receivables.

Net Interest Rate Spread - Investment Portfolio Segment

The following tables show our average earning assets held, interest earned on assets, yield on average interest earning assets, average debt balance, economic interest expense, economic average cost of funds, economic net interest income and net interest rate spread for the periods presented.

(dollars in thousands) · (dollars in thousands)

(dollars in thousands) · (dollars in thousands)

Economic Net Interest Income and the Average Earning Assets - Investment Portfolio Segment

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended December 31, 2025

Our Economic net interest income (which is a non-GAAP measure, see “Economic net interest income” discussion earlier for details) increased by $7 million to $73 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, from $65 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. Our net interest rate spread, which equals the yield on our average interest-earning assets less the economic average cost of funds, increased to 1.8% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to 1.4% for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. Our Average net interest-earning assets decreased by $356 million to $1.1 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to $1.4 billion for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. Our net interest margin, which equals the yield on our average interest-earning assets less the economic average cost of funds, increased by 20 basis points for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025.

Quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the Quarter ended March 31, 2025

Our Economic net interest income (which is a non-GAAP measure, see “Economic net interest income” discussion earlier for details) increased by $479 thousand to $73 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, from $72 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. Our net interest rate spread, which equals the yield on our average interest-earning assets less the economic average cost of funds increased to 1.8% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to 1.5% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. Our Average net interest-earning assets decreased by $896 million to $1.1 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to $2.0 billion for the same period of March 31, 2025. Our net interest margin, which equals the

yield on our average interest-earning assets less the economic average cost of funds, decreased by 20 basis points for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Economic Interest Expense and the Cost of Funds - Investment Portfolio Segment

The borrowing rate at which we are able to finance our assets using secured financing agreements is typically correlated to SOFR and the term of the financing. The borrowing rate on the majority of our securitized debt is fixed and correlated to the term of the financing. The table below shows our average borrowed funds, Economic interest expense, average cost of funds (inclusive of periodic interest on swaps and Swap futures), average one-month SOFR, average three-month SOFR and average one-month SOFR relative to average three-month SOFR.

(Ratios have been annualized, dollars in thousands)

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $255 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025. Economic interest expense decreased by $7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025, due to an increase in borrowings under our secured financing agreements to fund our Agency RMBS purchases.

While we may use interest rate hedges to mitigate risks related to changes in interest rate, the hedges may not fully offset interest expense movements.

Provision for Credit Losses

For the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we recorded an increase in provision for credit losses of $3 million, as compared to an increase in provision of credit losses of $5 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. The changes in provision for credit losses for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025, are primarily due to a deterioration in cashflows on a combination of Non-Agency senior and subordinated bonds. During the quarter, we sold certain securities, resulting in reductions to the unrealized losses associated with these securities totaling $3 million.

Net Gains (Losses) on Derivatives

We use derivatives to economically hedge the effects of changes in interest rates on our portfolio, specifically our secured financing agreements. Unrealized gains and losses include the change in market value, period over period, on our derivatives portfolio. Changes in market value are generally a result of changes in interest rates. We may or may not ultimately realize these unrealized derivative gains and losses depending on trade activity, changes in interest rates and the values of the underlying securities. The net gains and losses on our derivatives include both unrealized and realized gains and losses. Realized gains and losses include the net cash paid and received on our derivatives portfolio during the period as well as sales, terminations and settlements related to our derivatives portfolio.

The tables below show a summary of our net gains (losses) on derivative instruments for the quarters ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.

In addition, the net gains (losses) attributable to derivatives on our Residential Origination segment was $2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 which is reported in Gain on origination and sale of loans, net, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the quarters ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025, and March 31, 2025, we recognized total net gains on derivatives of $23 million, total net gains on derivatives of $15 million, and total net losses on derivatives of $2 million respectively. Changes in market value are generally a result of changes in interest rates. We may or may not ultimately realize these unrealized derivative gains and losses depending on trade activity, changes in interest rates and the values of the underlying securities.

Interest Rate Swaps

The weighted average pay rate on our interest rate swaps at March 31, 2026 was 3.55% and the weighted average receive rate was 3.68%. At March 31, 2026, the weighted average maturity on our interest rate swaps was less than six years.

The weighted average pay rate on our interest rate swaps at December 31, 2025 was 3.44% and the weighted average receive rate was 3.87%. At December 31, 2025, the weighted average maturity on our interest rate swaps was less than six years.

We had net realized losses of $3 million related to swap terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. We had no swap terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Swap Futures

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we had Swap futures with a notional of $340 million. We had no swap futures terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, we had Swap futures with a notional of $340 million. We had no swap future terminations during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Swaptions

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we had no open swaption positions. We had net realized gains of $2 million related to swaptions during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, we had swaptions with a notional of $600 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company had no swaption terminations.

Interest Rate Caps

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we entered into two interest rate caps. We paid $5 million for a $500 million notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.00% on SOFR as the market reference rate. We paid $8 million for a

$600 million notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.30% on SOFR as the market reference rate. We held a $500 million notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.95% on SOFR as the market reference rate. We terminated $500 million notional interest rate cap with a 3.95% strike rate for a realized loss of $4 million. During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, we had a $1.0 billion notional two-year interest rate cap with a strike rate of 3.95% on SOFR as the market reference rate.

Treasury Futures Contracts

For our Investment Portfolio segment, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we had no open U.S. Treasury future positions. For our Investment Portfolio segment, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we had no realized gains or losses. For our Investment Portfolio segment, during the quarter ended December 31, 2025, we had no open U.S. Treasury future positions.

For our Investment Portfolio segment, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we covered its open short position of 1,000 two-year U.S. Treasury Futures contracts for a net realized gain of $82 thousand.

For our Residential Origination segment, during the period ended March 31, 2026, we entered into 233 short five-year and 905 short two-year U.S. Treasury futures contract with notional amounts of $23 million and $181 million respectively, which we subsequently covered for a realized gain of $112 thousand. We are short 212 five-year and 800 two-year U.S. Treasury futures contracts at March 31, 2026. During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, we were short 197 five-year and 765 two-year U.S. Treasury futures contracts.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

For our Residential Origination segment, we enter into IRLCs with prospective borrowers to originate mortgage loans at a specified interest rate. This creates a derivative which is valued based on market conditions, loan characteristics, estimated remaining direct expenses, and subject to the Pull-through Rate. At March 31, 2026, the notional amount of the locked pipeline was $261 million with a fair value of $4 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we had net realized gains of $303 thousand. At December 31, 2025, the notional amount of the locked pipeline was $200 million with a fair value of $4 million.

TBAs

As of March 31, 2026, we had TBA sales contracts with notional amounts of 966 million. Drop expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $438 thousand. At March 31, 2026, we had realized gain of $8 million. We did not own TBAs as of December 31, 2025 or March 31, 2025.

Long Term Debt Expense

During the second quarter of 2024, we issued $65 million aggregate principal amount of 9.00% unsecured senior notes due 2029 that pay quarterly interest. After deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs, we received approximately $62 million of proceeds.

During the third quarter of 2024, we issued $75 million aggregate principal amount (including the additional amount

issued pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option) of 9.25% unsecured senior notes due 2029 that pay quarterly interest. After deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs, we received approximately $72 million of proceeds.

During the third quarter of 2025, we issued $120 million aggregate principal amount (including the additional amount

issued pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option) of 8.875% unsecured senior notes due 2030 that pay quarterly interest. After deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs, we received approximately $116 million of proceeds.

At March 31, 2026, the outstanding principal amount of these notes was $260 million and the accrued interest payable on this debt was $3 million. At March 31, 2026, the unamortized deferred debt issuance cost was $8 million.

Investment management and advisory fees

During the fourth quarter of 2024, we started earning investment management and advisory fees through certain investment management agreements entered into with our investment partnerships and privately offered pooled investment vehicles, insurance companies, and other institutional clients. We recognized investment management and advisory fees of $7 million, $9 million and $9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025, and March 31, 2025 respectively.

Gain on origination and sale, net

The following table provides a summary of the composition of gain on origination and sale of loans, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2026:

March 31, 2026 · (dollars in thousands)

Gain on origination and sale, net, represents the primary source of revenue for our Residential Origination segment. During the first quarter of 2026, the gain on origination and sale, net, includes gain or loss from the sale of LHFS, net change in the valuations of the IRLC and LHFS, realized and unrealized change in value of the derivative instruments, provisions or benefit for loan repurchase reserves, net points and fees collected at closing, and the direct loan originations costs incurred.

Premiums from loan sales, net is the primary driver to gain on origination and sale, net. This is the premium received from or discount paid to the investor at the time a loan is settled. In the first quarter HomeXpress settled $1 billion of loans for an average gain on sale of 103.28%.

The valuation of LHFS approximates the servicing released market value of a loan sold to a private investor. The valuation of our LHFS is derived from the execution price of committed loan sales and market observations for loans not yet committed to a loan sale transaction.

Unrealized gains from hedging derivative instruments and unrealized gains from IRLCs reflect the period-over-period change in the fair value of those instruments. In aggregate, these amounts constitute the Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives within the Residential Origination segment.

Realized gains from derivative instruments, net, reflect gains recognized upon settlement of hedging positions.

Benefits (provision) for loan repurchase reserves records the net change in the estimated losses pertaining representations and warranties associated with a mortgage loan sale.

Loan origination income, net, reflects the fees earned, net of lender credits from originating the loans. These consist of fees related to loan origination, discount points, underwriting, processing and other fees. Lender credits typically are related to rebates or concessions for certain loan origination costs.

Direct loan origination costs, net, are the direct expenses associated with the origination of a mortgage loan. These costs include loan verification services, interim servicing expenses, third party due diligence fees, and commissions to sales employees. Under fair value accounting, these expenses are realized when incurred.

We recognized gain on origination and sale of loans, net, of $21 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Interest Income from investment in MSR financing receivables

In July 2025, we entered into purchase agreements to acquire base and excess servicing compensation rights, also known as MSRs, associated with a $6.5 billion portfolio of mortgage loans from a licensed, GSE-approved residential mortgage loan servicer. In these arrangements, the licensed servicer holds legal title to the MSRs and is responsible for performing all servicing activities, while we provide financing or capital support and, in return, receive the economic benefits of a base and excess servicing spread.

We entered into a Reference Spread Agreement for Agency Loans to purchase the base servicing fee on the mortgage servicing loans at a rate of 12.5 basis points less the cost of servicing and other ancillary fees and income. We also entered into a True

Excess Spread Agreement for Fannie Mae Loans entitling us to monthly distributions of the servicing fees collected by the mortgage loan servicer in excess of 12.5 basis points per annum and other related servicing cash flows.

Recurring servicing fees, ancillary income, recapture income, and float earnings associated with MSRs are recognized on a cash basis when earned and received. We recognized interest income on our investments in MSR financing receivables, net, of $2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, primarily driven by the EPO protection associated with the MSR acquired in 2025.

Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Financial Instruments at Fair Value

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, rates moved higher in March as rising energy prices renewed inflation concerns. For the quarter, the yield on the two-year U.S. Treasury increased by 32 basis points to 3.79%, while the ten-year U.S. Treasury yield rose 15 basis points to 4.32%. We recorded net unrealized losses on financial instruments at fair value of $38 million and $17 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We recorded net unrealized gains on financial instruments at fair value of $129 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Gains and Losses on Sales of Assets

We do not forecast sales of investments as we generally expect to invest for long-term gains. However, from time to time, we may sell assets to create liquidity necessary to pursue new opportunities, to achieve targeted leverage ratios, as well as for gains when prices indicate a sale is most beneficial to us, or is the most prudent course of action to maintain a targeted risk-adjusted yield for our investors.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we rebalanced a portion of our investment portfolio and sold certain Loans held for investment and Non-Agency RMBS assets, which resulted in a net realized loss of $40 million. Proceeds from these sales were largely re-invested in Agency RMBS Pass-through securities and enabled us to maintain liquidity which can be used for investments or acquisitions.

Gain and Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

When we acquire our outstanding securitized debt, we extinguish the outstanding debt and recognize a gain or loss based on the difference between the carrying value of the debt and the cost to acquire the debt which is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a gain or loss on extinguishment of debt.

Securitized Debt Collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS

We did not acquire any securitized debt collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS during the quarters ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025, or March 31, 2025.

Securitized Debt Collateralized by Loans Held for Investment

We acquired securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment with an amortized cost balance of $1.0 billion for $1.0 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2026. These transactions resulted in net loss on extinguishment of debt of $39 million and $4 million of unrealized market value loss. During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, we acquired securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment with an amortized cost balance of $70 million for $70 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we acquired securitized debt collateralized by Loans held for investment with an amortized cost balance of $314 million for $312 million, which resulted in net loss on extinguishment of debt of $2 million.

Compensation, General and Administrative Expenses and Transaction Expenses

The table below shows our total compensation and benefits expense, general and administrative, or G&A expenses, and transaction expenses as compared to average total assets and average equity for the periods presented.

(Ratios have been annualized, dollars in thousands)

Compensation and benefits costs were approximately $27 million, $18 million and $13 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively. The increase in Compensation and benefits costs for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025 is primarily driven by higher performance-based bonus accruals, increased headcount, and the acceleration of stock-based compensation expense associated with retirement-eligible employees. The increase in Compensation and benefits costs for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025, was driven by higher overall compensation expense related to the increase in employee headcount and expenses related to the acquisition of HomeXpress.

G&A expenses were approximately $12 million, $9 million and $7 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively. G&A expenses are primarily comprised of legal, market data and research, auditing, consulting, information technology, rent and independent investment consulting expenses.

During the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we incurred transaction expenses of $98 thousand and $625 thousand, respectively. These expenses are related to the residual costs incurred related to the HomeXpress Acquisition. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we incurred transaction expenses of $6 million due to higher securitization activity.

Servicing and Asset Manager Fee Expense

Servicing fees and asset manager expenses were $6 million, $6 million and $7 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively. These servicing fees are primarily related to the servicing costs of the whole loans held in consolidated securitization vehicles and are paid from interest income earned by the VIEs. Servicing fees generally ranged from 2 to 50 basis points of UPBs of our consolidated VIEs. Servicing fees paid by our Residential Origination segment are for the interim servicing of loans from origination to sale and are included in gain on origination and sale of loans, net, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Depreciation and amortization, and impairment expense

We recognized intangible assets related to investment management agreements, internally developed software, developed technology, broker relationships, trade name and licenses acquired in the acquisitions. The long-lived fixed assets are comprised of leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, and computers. The fixed assets and intangible assets are depreciated or amortized over their estimated useful lives. We acquired both intangible assets and long-lived fixed assets through the acquisitions of Palisades and HomeXpress during the fourth quarters of 2024 and 2025, respectively. During the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, we recognized depreciation and amortization, and impairment expense of $10 million and $1 million, respectively. We recorded an impairment charge of $5 million to reduce the carrying value of certain asset management contracts associated with the Palisades Acquisition to its estimated fair value during the first quarter of 2026.

Segment Results of Operations

Investment Portfolio segment

The Investment Portfolio segment consists of our investments and third-party advisory services activities, and includes our investments in financial assets including (i) residential mortgage loans and properties, (ii) real estate-related securities, (iii) consumer loans, (iv) MSR-related investments and (v) certain ancillary investments and equity method investments, as well as associated financing, hedging, and various allocable expenses. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2025, these activities comprised our single reportable segment.

Residential Origination segment

In conjunction with the HomeXpress Acquisition, the Residential Origination segment consists of our stand-alone mortgage loan origination business of HomeXpress that originates Non-QM residential mortgage loans (both consumer loans and Investor Loans), and other Non-Agency and Agency mortgage loan products, and includes the related residential mortgage LHFS and other operational aspects including the goodwill and intangible assets resulting from the HomeXpress Acquisition.

The segment information presented below reflects our current reportable segment structure. The segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2025 has been recast to conform to the current period presentation following our segment reevaluation in the fourth quarter of 2025 in connection with the HomeXpress Acquisition.

We completed our acquisition of HomeXpress on October 1, 2025, which resulted in the establishment of the Residential Origination segment. As a result, no revenues or expenses are presented for the Residential Origination segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Accordingly, the segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not directly comparable to those of the prior year period.

The following presents, for each reportable segment, revenues, the measure of segment profit or loss, and significant segment expenses. Segment results are prepared on the same basis as our consolidated financial statements and are reconciled to consolidated amounts below:

(dollars in thousands)

Earnings Available for Distribution

Earnings available for distribution is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as GAAP net income (loss) excluding (i) unrealized gains or losses on financial instruments carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings, (ii) realized gains or losses on the sales of investments, (iii) gains or losses on the extinguishment of debt, (iv) changes in the provision for credit losses, (v) unrealized gains or losses on derivatives, (vi) realized gains or losses on derivatives, (vii) transaction expenses, (viii) stock compensation expenses for retirement eligible awards, (ix) amortization of intangibles, depreciation and impairment expenses, net of any tax impact (x) non-cash imputed compensation expense related to business acquisitions, and (xi) other gains and losses on equity investments.

Non-cash imputed compensation expense reflects the portion of the consideration paid in the Palisades Acquisition that pursuant to the seller’s contractual arrangements is distributable to the seller’s legacy employees (who are now our employees) and that for GAAP purposes is recorded as non-cash imputed compensation expense with an offsetting entry recorded as non-cash contribution from a related party to our shareholder’s equity. The excluded amounts do not include any normal, recurring compensation paid to our employees.

Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of costs only incurred at the time of execution of our securitizations, certain structured secured financing agreements, and business combination transactions and include costs such as underwriting fees, legal fees, diligence fees, accounting fees, bank fees and other similar transaction-related expenses. These costs are all incurred prior to or at the execution of the transaction and do not recur. Recurring expenses, such as servicing fees, custodial fees, trustee fees and other similar ongoing fees are not excluded from Earnings available for distribution. We believe that excluding these costs is useful to investors as it is generally consistent with our peer group’s treatment of these costs in their non-GAAP measures presentation, mitigates period to period comparability issues tied to the timing of securitization and structured finance transactions, and is consistent with the accounting for the deferral of debt issuance costs prior to the fair value election option made by us. In addition, we believe it is important for investors to review this metric which is consistent with how management internally evaluates the performance of the Company. Stock compensation expense charges incurred on awards to retirement eligible employees is reflected as an expense over a vesting period (generally 36 months) rather than reported as an immediate expense.

We may hold long and/or short positions in TBA securities through transactions commonly referred to as “dollar roll” transactions. Under U.S. GAAP, these transactions are accounted for as derivatives and are carried at fair value. Changes in the fair value of TBA positions consist of two components: (i) drop income (expense) and (ii) mark-to-market adjustments. For financial statement presentation purposes, drop income (expense) is reported within Periodic interest on derivatives, net, while mark-to-market adjustments are reported within Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives. Together with any realized gains and losses, these amounts are included in Net gains (losses) on derivatives in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Management includes drop income (expense) in EAD because it views drop income (expense) as the economic equivalent of net interest income on the underlying Agency securities, reflecting the difference between the implied interest earned and the implied financing cost over the period from trade date to settlement date. This treatment is consistent with how management evaluates the Company’s investment performance and how we believe our investors analyze our investment performance.

We view Earnings available for distribution as one measure of our investment portfolio's ability to generate income for distribution to common stockholders. Earnings available for distribution is one of the metrics, but not the exclusive metric, that our Board of Directors uses to determine the amount, if any, of dividends on our common stock. Other metrics that our Board of Directors may consider when determining the amount, if any, of dividends on our common stock include, among others, REIT taxable income, dividend yield, book value, cash generated from the portfolio, reinvestment opportunities and other cash needs. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) annually. Earnings available for distribution, however, is different than REIT taxable income. For example, differences between Earnings available for distribution and REIT taxable income generally may result from whether the REIT uses mark-to-market accounting for GAAP purposes, accretion of market discount or OID and amortization of premium, and differences in the treatment of securitizations for GAAP and tax purposes, among other items. Further, REIT taxable income generally does not include earnings of our domestic TRSs unless such income is distributed from current or accumulated earnings and profits. The determination of whether we have met the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income is not based on Earnings available for distribution and Earnings available for distribution should not be considered as an indication of our REIT taxable income, a guaranty of our ability to pay dividends, or as a proxy for the amount of dividends we may pay. We believe Earnings available for distribution helps us and investors evaluate our financial performance period over period without the impact of certain non-recurring transactions. Therefore, Earnings available for distribution should not be viewed in isolation and is not a substitute for or superior to net income or net income per basic share computed in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our methodology for calculating Earnings available for distribution may differ from the methodologies employed by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly, our Earnings available for distribution may not be comparable to the Earnings available for distribution reported by other REITs.

The following table provides GAAP measures of net income and net income per diluted share available to common stockholders for the periods presented and details with respect to reconciling the line items to Earnings available for distribution

and related per average diluted common share amounts. Earnings available for distribution is presented on an adjusted dilutive shares basis.

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(1) As a result of the business combinations, we updated the determination of earnings available for distribution to exclude non-recurring acquisition-related transaction expenses, non-cash amortization of intangibles and depreciation expenses, and non-cash imputed compensation expenses. These expenses are excluded as they relate to our business combinations and are not directly related to our income-generating activities.

(2) Non-cash amortization of intangibles and depreciation expenses related to acquisitions.

(3) Tax impact on non-cash amortization of intangibles and depreciation expenses related to business combinations.

The table below summarizes the reconciliation from weighted-average diluted shares under GAAP to the weighted-average adjusted diluted shares used for Earnings available for distribution for the periods reported below.

(1) Potentially dilutive shares related to restricted stock units and performance stock units excluded from the computation of weighted average GAAP diluted shares because their effect would have been anti-dilutive given the GAAP net loss available to common shareholders for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025.

Earnings available for distribution for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 were $46 million, or $0.54 per average diluted common share, a slight increase from $45 million and $0.53 per average diluted common share, respectively, for the quarter ended December 31, 2025.

Earnings available for distribution for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 were $46 million, or $0.54 per average diluted common share, and increased by $12 million, compared to $34 million, or $0.41 per average diluted common share for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This increase in Earnings available for distribution was primarily due to our portfolio reallocation efforts and purchase of HomeXpress.

Net Income (Loss) and Return on Total Stockholders' Equity

The table below shows our Net income (loss) and Economic net interest income as a percentage of average stockholders' equity Earnings available for distribution as a percentage of average common stockholders' equity, and Average Tangible Common Equity. Return on average equity is defined as our GAAP net income (loss) as a percentage of average equity. Average equity is defined as the average of our beginning and ending stockholders' equity balance for the period reported. Economic net interest income and Earnings available for distribution are non-GAAP measures as defined in previous sections. Tangible Common Equity is a non-GAAP measure and is defined below.

(1) Includes our Economic Net Interest Income and Average equity on our Investment Portfolio.

Return on average equity was (6.97)% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to 4.41% for the quarter ended December 31, 2025. Economic net interest income as a percentage of average equity on our investment portfolio increased by 228 basis points for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025. Earnings available for distribution as a percentage of average common equity increased by 53 basis points for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2025.

Tangible Common Equity is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as Total stockholders' equity available to common stockholders less intangible assets and goodwill related to the business acquisitions. We believe that this measure helps our management and investors understand our capital adequacy and changes from period to period in our common stockholders' equity exclusive of changes of intangible assets. The following table presents a reconciliation of Total Stockholders’ Equity to Tangible Common Equity as of the following periods.

(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Financial Condition

Portfolio Review

During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we focused our efforts on taking advantage of relative value opportunities while simultaneously increasing our liquid securities allocation. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, on an aggregate basis, we purchased $1.3 billion of investments and received $446 million in principal payments related to our Agency MBS, Non-Agency RMBS and Loans held for investment portfolio.

The following table summarizes certain characteristics of our portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(dollars in thousands)

(1) Excludes cash and cash equivalents.

GAAP leverage at period-end is calculated as a ratio of our secured financing agreements and securitized debt liabilities over GAAP book value. GAAP recourse leverage is calculated as a ratio of our secured financing agreements over stockholders' equity.

The following table presents details of each asset class in our portfolio, excluding interests in MSR financing receivables, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The principal or notional value represents the interest income earning balance of each class. The weighted average figures are weighted by each investment’s respective principal/notional value in the asset class.

(1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period-end. Weighted Average Yield is calculated using each investment's respective amortized cost.

(2) Calculated based on reported losses to date, utilizing widest data set available (i.e., life-time losses, 12-month loss, etc.)

(1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period-end. Weighted Average Yield is calculated using each investment's respective amortized cost.

(2) Calculated based on reported losses to date, utilizing widest data set available (i.e., life-time losses, 12-month loss, etc.)

Based on the projected cash flows for our Non-Agency RMBS that are not of high credit quality, a portion of the original purchase discount is designated as Accretable Discount, which reflects the purchase discount expected to be accreted into interest income, and a portion is designated as Non-Accretable Difference, which represents the contractual principal on the security that is not expected to be collected. The amount designated as Non-Accretable Difference may be adjusted over time, based on the actual performance of the security, its underlying collateral, actual and projected cash flow from such collateral, economic conditions and other factors. If the performance of a security is more favorable than previously estimated, a portion of the amount designated as Non-Accretable Difference may be transferred to Accretable Discount and accreted into interest income over time. Conversely, if the performance of a security is less favorable than previously estimated, a provision for credit loss may be recognized, resulting in an increase in the amounts designated as Non-Accretable Difference.

The following table presents changes to Accretable Discount (net of premiums) as it pertains to our Non-Agency RMBS portfolio, excluding premiums on interest-only investments, during the previous five quarters.

(dollars in thousands)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Liquidity measures our ability to meet cash requirements, including for ongoing borrowing commitments such as margin calls on non-MTM facilities, purchases of RMBS, residential mortgage loans and other assets for our portfolio, payment of dividends and other general business needs. Our principal sources of capital and funds for additional investments primarily include earnings, principal paydowns and sales from our investments, borrowings under securitizations and re-securitizations, secured financing agreements and other financing facilities, including warehouse facilities, and proceeds from equity or other securities

offerings. Over the past several months, we have deliberately positioned the portfolio to maintain flexibility and to meet liquidity needs as they arise, including the HomeXpress Acquisition that closed on October 1, 2025.

Our ability to fund our operations, meet financial obligations and finance target asset acquisitions may be impacted by our ability to secure and maintain our master secured financing agreements, warehouse facilities and secured financing agreement facilities with our counterparties. Because secured financing agreements and warehouse facilities are short-term commitments of capital, lenders may respond to market conditions making it more difficult for us to renew or replace on a continuous basis our maturing short-term borrowings and have and may continue to impose more onerous conditions when rolling forward such financings. If we are not able to renew our existing facilities or arrange for new financing on terms acceptable to us, or if we default on our covenants or are otherwise unable to access funds under our financing facilities, or if we are required to post more collateral or face larger haircuts, we may have to curtail our asset acquisition activities and dispose of assets.

To meet our short-term (one year or less) liquidity needs, we expect to continue to borrow funds in the form of secured financing agreements and, subject to market conditions, other types of financing. The terms of the secured financing transaction borrowings under our master secured financing agreement generally conform to the terms in the standard master secured financing agreement as published by SIFMA or similar market accepted agreements, as to repayment and margin requirements. In addition, each lender typically requires that we include supplemental terms and conditions to the standard master secured financing agreement. Typical supplemental terms and conditions include changes to the margin maintenance requirements, net asset value, required “haircuts” (which are the difference expressed in percentage terms between the fair value of the collateral and the amount the counterpart will lend to us) purchase price maintenance requirements, and requirements that all disputes related to the secured financing agreement be litigated or arbitrated in a particular jurisdiction. These provisions may differ for each of our lenders.

To meet our longer-term liquidity needs (greater than one year), we expect our principal sources of capital and funds to continue to be provided by earnings, principal paydowns and sales from our investments, borrowings under securitizations and re-securitizations, secured financing agreements and other financing facilities, as well as proceeds from equity, debt or other securities offerings.

In addition to the principal sources of capital described above, we may enter into warehouse facilities and use longer-dated structured secured financing agreements. The use of any particular source of capital and funds will depend on market conditions, availability of these facilities, and the investment opportunities available to us.

Current Period

We held cash and cash equivalents of approximately $476 million and $279 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. As a result of our operating, investing and financing activities described below, our cash position increased by $197 million from December 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026.

Our operating activities provided net cash of approximately $243 million and $49 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The cash flows from operations were primarily driven by interest received in excess of interest paid of $66 million, and proceeds from sale of LHFS, net of cash used related to our origination activities, of $187 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The cash flows from operations were primarily driven by interest received in excess of interest paid of $63 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Our investing activities provided cash of $356 million and used cash of $175 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we used cash to purchase $1.3 billion of Agency MBS and $2 million of Loans held for investment, which were offset by cash received from sales of loans held for investment of $1.2 billion and cash received for principal repayments on Agency MBS, Non-Agency RMBS and Loans held for investment of $446 million, collectively. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we used cash to purchase $150 million of Agency MBS and $403 million of Loans held for investment, which were offset by cash received for principal repayments on Agency MBS, Non-Agency RMBS and Loans held for investment of $378 million, collectively.

Our financing activities used cash of $400 million and provided cash of $296 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we used cash for repayment of principal on our securitized debt of $1.3 billion and payment of common and preferred dividends of $53 million. This was offset by cash received from net proceeds on our secured financing agreements of $1.0 billion. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we received cash from net proceeds on our secured financing agreements of $164 million, and proceeds received from our secured debt borrowings of $780 million. This cash received was offset in part by cash used for repayment of principal on our securitized debt of $597 million, and payment of common and preferred dividends of $52 million.

Our recourse leverage increased at March 31, 2026 to 2.9:1 as compared to 2.4:1 at December 31, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by higher borrowings under secured financing agreements to finance our Agency RMBS purchases. Our recourse leverage excludes the securitized debt which can only be repaid from the proceeds on the assets securing this debt in their respective VIEs. Our recourse leverage is presented as a ratio of our secured financing agreements and long-term debt, which are recourse to our assets and our equity.

Based on our current portfolio, leverage ratio and available borrowing arrangements, we believe our assets will be sufficient to enable us to meet anticipated short-term liquidity requirements. However, if our cash resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may sell additional investments, reduce our dividends, or issue debt or additional common or preferred equity securities to meet our liquidity needs. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $199 million and $249 million of unencumbered assets available to us, respectively, which can be pledged to access additional short-term financing or sold to raise additional cash, if necessary.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the remaining maturities and borrowing rates on our RMBS and loan secured financing agreements were as set forth below. HomeXpress added $629 million and $802 million of secured financing that had a weighted average borrowing rate of 5.75% and 5.84% at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

(dollars in thousands)

(1) The values for secured financing agreements in the table above is net of $155 thousand and $271 thousand of deferred financing costs as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Average remaining maturity of Secured financing agreements secured by:

We collateralize the secured financing agreements we use to finance our operations with our MBS investments and mortgage loans held in trusts controlled by us. Our counterparties negotiate a “haircut”, which is the difference expressed in percentage terms between the fair value of the collateral and the amount the counterparty will lend to us, when we enter into a financing transaction. The size of the haircut reflects the perceived risk and market volatility associated with holding the MBS by the lender. The haircut provides lenders with a cushion for daily market value movements that reduce the need for a margin call to be issued or margin to be returned as normal daily increases or decreases in MBS market values occur. At March 31, 2026, the weighted average haircut on our secured financing agreements collateralized by Agency RMBS was 4.4%, Agency CMBS was 5.4%, LHFS was 7.1% and Non-Agency RMBS and Loans held for investment was 24.7%. At December 31, 2025, the weighted average haircut on our secured financing agreements collateralized by Agency RMBS was 4.4%, Agency CMBS was 5.4% and Non-Agency RMBS and Loans held for investment was 27.1%.

Because the fair value of the Non-Agency MBS is more difficult to determine in current financial conditions, as well as more volatile period to period than Agency MBS, the Non-Agency MBS typically requires a larger haircut. In addition, when financing assets use the standard form of SIFMA master repurchase agreements, the counterparty to the agreement typically nets its exposure to us on all outstanding repurchase agreements and issues margin calls if movement of the fair values of the

assets in the aggregate exceeds their allowable exposure to us. A decline in asset fair values could create a margin call or may create no margin call depending on the counterparty’s specific policy. In addition, counterparties consider a number of factors, including their aggregate exposure to us as a whole and the number of days remaining before the repurchase transaction closes prior to issuing a margin call. To minimize the risk of margin calls, as of March 31, 2026, we have entered into $849 million of financing arrangements for which the collateral cannot be adjusted as a result of changes in market value, minimizing the risk of a margin call as a result in price volatility. We refer to these agreements as non-MTM facilities. These non-MTM facilities generally have higher costs of financing, but lower the risk of a margin call which could result in sales of our assets at distressed prices. All non-MTM facilities are collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS collateral, which tends to have increased volatile price changes during periods of market stress. In addition we have entered into certain secured financing agreements that are not subject to additional margin requirement until the drop in fair value of collateral is greater than a threshold. We refer to these agreements as limited MTM facilities. As of March 31, 2026 we have $360 million of limited MTM facilities. We believe these non-MTM and limited MTM facilities significantly reduce our financing risks. See Note 6 — Fair Value Measurements to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion on how we determine the fair values of the RMBS collateralizing our secured financing agreements.

At March 31, 2026, the weighted average borrowing rates for our secured financing agreements collateralized by Agency RMBS was 3.8%, Agency CMBS was 3.8%, LHFS was 5.75% and Non-Agency MBS and Loans held for investment was 6.2%. At December 31, 2025, the weighted average borrowing rates for our secured financing agreements collateralized by Agency RMBS was 4.0%, Agency CMBS was 4.0%, LHFS was 5.84% and Non-Agency MBS and Loans held for investment was 6.4%.

We entered into a secured financing agreement during the fourth quarter of 2022 for which we have elected fair value option. We believe electing fair value for this financial instrument better reflects the transactional economics. The total principal balance outstanding on this secured financing at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was $300 million and $306 million, respectively. The fair value of collateral pledged was $352 million and $360 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We carry this secured financing instrument at fair value of $292 million and $299 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the weighted average borrowing rate on secured financing agreements at fair value was 5.0%, respectively. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the haircut for the secured financing agreements at fair value was 7.5%, respectively. At March 31, 2026, the maturity on the secured financing agreements at fair value was more than two years.

The table below presents our average daily secured financing agreements balance and the secured financing agreements balance at each period end for the periods presented. Our balance at period-end tends to fluctuate from the average daily balances due to adjustments to the size of our portfolio resulting from the use of leverage.

(dollars in thousands)

Our secured financing agreements do not require us to maintain any specific leverage ratio. We believe the appropriate leverage for the particular assets we are financing depends on the credit quality and risk of those assets. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying value of our total interest-bearing debt was approximately $12.7 billion and $13.1 billion, respectively, which represented a leverage ratio of approximately 5.2:1 and 5.1:1 respectively. We include our secured financing agreements, long term debt, and securitized debt in the numerator of our leverage ratio and stockholders’ equity as the denominator.

At March 31, 2026, we had secured financing agreements with 23 counterparties. All of our secured financing agreements are secured by Agency MBS, Non-Agency RMBS, Loans held for investment, LHFS, and cash. Under these secured financing agreements, we may not be able to reclaim our collateral but will still be obligated to pay our repurchase obligations. We mitigate this risk by ensuring our counterparties are rated financial institutions. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $8.2 billion and $7.4 billion, respectively, of securities or cash pledged against our secured financing agreements obligations.

We expect to enter into new secured financing agreements at maturity; however, there is a risk that we will not be able to renew our secured financing agreements when we desire to renew them or obtain favorable interest rates and haircuts as a result of uncertainty in the market including, but not limited to, uncertainty as a result of inflation and increases in the federal funds rate. We offset the interest rate risk of our repurchase agreements primarily through the use of derivatives, which primarily consist of interest rate swaps, swap futures, swaptions, U.S. Treasury futures and interest rate caps. The average remaining maturities on our interest rate swaps at March 31, 2026 was less than six years. All of our swaps are cleared by a central clearing house. When our interest rate swaps are in a net loss position (expected cash payments are in excess of expected cash receipts on the swaps), we post collateral as required by the terms of our swap agreements. The average remaining maturities on our Swap futures at March 31, 2026 is three years. The Swap futures are exchange traded instrument. Similar to our interest rate swaps, we post collateral when we are in a net loss position. The interest rate cap has a two-year maturity with a potential payment every ninety days from the initial settlement date. The payment is dependent upon whether the compounded average market reference rate for the ninety day period is greater than the strike rate on the interest rate cap. We will receive a payment if the difference between the two amounts is positive.

Exposure to Financial Counterparties

We actively manage the number of secured financing counterparties to reduce counterparty risk and manage our liquidity needs. The following table summarizes our exposure to our secured financing agreements counterparties at March 31, 2026:

March 31, 2026 · (dollars in thousands)

(1) Represents the amount of securities and/or cash pledged as collateral to each counterparty less the aggregate of secured financing agreement.

HomeXpress represents $629 million of the counterparty balances and is spread among 7 counterparties. This represents 9% of the secured financing agreements as of March 31, 2026.

We regularly monitor our exposure to financing counterparties for credit risk and allocate assets to these counterparties based, in part, on the credit quality and internally developed metrics measuring counterparty risk. Our exposure to a particular counterparty is calculated as the excess collateral that is pledged relative to the secured financing agreement balance. If our exposure to our financing counterparties exceeds internally developed thresholds, we develop a plan to reduce the exposure to an acceptable level. At March 31, 2026, we had amounts at risk with Nomura of 17% of our equity related to the collateral posted on secured financing agreements. The weighted average maturities of the secured financing agreements with Nomura were 188 days. The amount at risk with Nomura was $418 million. At December 31, 2025, we had amounts at risk with Nomura of 18% of our equity related to the collateral posted on secured financing agreements. The weighted average maturities of the secured financing agreements with Nomura were 287 days. The amount at risk with Nomura was $459 million.

At March 31, 2026, we did not use credit default swaps or other forms of credit protection to hedge the exposures summarized in the table above.

Residential Origination Segment

In addition to warehouse bank covenants, we are also subject to liquidity and net worth requirements established by the FHFA for Freddie Mac seller/servicers and HUD. The FHFA and HUD have established minimum liquidity requirements and net worth requirements for their approved non-depository single-family sellers/servicers in the case of Freddie Mac and HUD:

• FHFA liquidity requirement is equal to 0.035% (3.5 basis points) of total Agency servicing UPB at the entity level plus an incremental 200 basis points of the amount by which total nonperforming Agency servicing UPB exceeds 6% of the applicable Agency servicing UPB. Allowable assets to satisfy liquidity requirement include cash and cash equivalents (unrestricted), certain investment-grade securities that are available for sale or held for trading including

Agency mortgage-backed securities, obligations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, and U.S. Treasury obligations, and unused and available portions of committed servicing advance lines.

• FHFA net worth requirement is a minimum net worth of $2.5 million plus 0.25% (25 basis points) of UPB at the entity level for total 1-4 unit residential mortgage loans serviced and a tangible net worth/total assets ratio greater than or equal to 6%.
• HUD net worth requirement is equal to $1.0 million plus 1% (100 basis points) of adjusted activity up to a $2.5 million net worth requirement.

These requirements are calculated based on standalone audited financial statements of HomeXpress and we are currently in compliance with the applicable Agency requirements.

Stockholders’ Equity

In January 2024, our Board of Directors updated the authorization of our share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase Program”) to include our preferred stock and increased the authorization by $33 million to $250 million. Such authorization does not have an expiration date, and at present, there is no intention to modify or otherwise rescind such authorization. Shares of our common stock and preferred stock may be purchased in the open market, including through block purchases, through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined at our discretion and the program may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time, for any reason. Among other factors, we intend to only consider repurchasing shares of our common stock when the purchase price is less than the last publicly reported book value per common share. In addition, we do not intend to repurchase any shares from directors, officers or other affiliates. The program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares, and all repurchases will be made in accordance with Rule 10b-18, which sets certain restrictions on the method, timing, price and volume of stock repurchases.

We did not repurchase any of our common stock during the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the Share Repurchase Program is $250 million as of March 31, 2026.

In 2022, we entered into separate Distribution Agency Agreements (the “Existing Sales Agreements”) with each of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, JMP Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. In February 2023, we amended the Existing Sales Agreements and entered into separate Distribution Agency Agreements (together with the Existing Sales Agreements, as amended, the “Sales Agreements”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and UBS Securities LLC (replacing Credit Suisse Securities LLC) to include J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and UBS Securities LLC as additional sales agents. Pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreements, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $500 million from time to time in “at the market offerings” through any of the sales agents under the Securities Act of 1933. We did not issue any shares under the at-the-market sales program during the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be issued under our at-the-market sales program is $426 million as of March 31, 2026.

We declared dividends to Series A preferred stockholders of $3 million, or $0.50 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. We declared dividends to Series A preferred stockholders of $3 million, or $0.50 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

We declared dividends to Series B preferred stockholders of $8 million, or $0.61 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. We declared dividends to Series B preferred stockholders of $8 million, or $0.65 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

We declared dividends to Series C preferred stockholders of $6 million, or $0.54 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. We declared dividends to Series C preferred stockholders of $5 million, or $0.48 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

We declared dividends to Series D preferred stockholders of $5 million, or $0.58 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. We declared dividends to Series D preferred stockholders of $5 million, or $0.62 per preferred share, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

On October 30, 2021, all 5,800,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $145 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

On March 30, 2024, all 13,000,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $325 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

On March 30, 2024, all 8,000,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $200 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

On September 30, 2025, all 10,400,000 issued and outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock with an outstanding liquidation preference of $260 million became callable at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends through, but not including, the redemption date.

After June 30, 2023, all LIBOR tenors relevant to us ceased to be published or became no longer representative. We believe that the federal Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act and the related regulations promulgated thereunder are applicable to each of our Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock. In light of the applicability of the law to the aforementioned preferred stock, we believe, given all of the information available to us to date, that three-month CME Term SOFR plus the applicable tenor spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum have automatically replaced three-month LIBOR as the reference rate for calculations of the dividend rate payable on the relevant preferred stock for dividend periods from and after (i) March 30, 2024, in the case of the Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) September 30, 2025, in the case of the Series C Preferred Stock, and (iii) March 30, 2024, in the case of the Series D Preferred Stock.

Stock Based Compensation

On June 14, 2023, the Board of Directors recommended and shareholders approved, the Chimera Investment Corporation 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). It authorized the issuance of up to 6,666,667 shares of our common stock for the grant of awards under the Plan (adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect our 1-for-3-reverse stock split effected on May 21, 2024). The Plan replaced our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective December 10, 2015 (the “Prior Plan”), and no new awards will be granted under the Prior Plan. Any awards outstanding under the Prior Plan will remain subject to and be paid under the Prior Plan. Any shares subject to outstanding awards under the Prior Plan that expire, terminate, or are surrendered or forfeited for any reason without issuance of shares will automatically become available for issuance under the Plan. Also, shares withheld for tax withholding requirements after stockholder approval of the Plan for full value awards originally granted under the Prior Plan (such as the RSUs and PSUs awarded to our named executive officers) will automatically become available for issuance under the Plan.

As of March 31, 2026, approximately 3 million shares were available for future grants under the Plan.

Awards under the Plan may include stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”) and other share-based awards (including RSUs). Under the Plan, any of these awards may be performance awards that are conditioned on the attainment of performance goals.

The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) had previously approved a Stock Award Deferral Program (the “Deferral Program”). The Deferral Program consisted of two distinct non-qualified deferred compensation plans within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, as amended, one for non-employee directors (the “Director Plan”) and one for certain executive officers (the “Executive Officer Plan”). Under the Deferral Program, non-employee directors and certain executive officers could elect to defer payment of certain stock awards made pursuant to the Plan. Deferred awards are treated as deferred stock units and paid at the earlier of separation from service or a date elected by the participant who is separating. Payments are generally made in a lump sum or, if elected by the participant, in five annual installments. Deferred awards receive dividend equivalents during the deferral period in the form of additional deferred stock units. Amounts are paid at the end of the deferral period by delivery of shares from the Plan (plus cash for any fractional deferred stock units), less any applicable tax withholdings. Deferral elections do not alter any vesting requirements applicable to the underlying stock award. On November 5, 2024, the Compensation Committee irrevocably terminated the Executive Officer Plan and suspended new deferral elections under the Director Plan. The Executive Officer Plan was liquidated as of November 30, 2025, and all amounts outstanding under the Executive Officer Plan on the liquidation date were paid at that time in accordance with applicable tax rules. All deferrals previously made under the Director Plan will remain outstanding, and all deferrals pursuant to prior elections made by directors will be paid on the originally scheduled payment dates. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there are approximately 92 thousand shares for which payments have been deferred until separation or a date elected by the participant. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there are approximately 224 thousand and 269 thousand DERs earned but not yet delivered, respectively.

Grants of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

During the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we granted RSU awards to senior management, employees and directors. These RSU awards are designed to reward our senior management, employees and directors for services provided to us.

Generally, the RSU awards vest equally over a three-year period and will fully vest after three years. For employees who are retirement eligible, defined as years of service to us plus age that is equal to or greater than 65, the service period is considered to be fulfilled and all grants are expensed immediately. For senior management who are retirement eligible, defined as having attained age 55 and the sum of his or her age plus his or her years of service is equal or greater than 65, the service period is considered to be fulfilled and all grants are expensed immediately. The RSU awards are valued at the market price of our common stock on the grant date and generally the employees must be employed by us on the vesting dates to receive the RSU awards. We granted 439 thousand RSU awards during the three months ended March 31, 2026 with a grant date fair value of $6 million which includes stock grants to both Chimera and HomeXpress employees for the 2026 performance year. We granted 304 thousand RSU awards during the three months ended March 31, 2025 with a grant date fair value of $4 million for the 2025 performance year.

In addition, in connection with the HomeXpress Acquisition, the Compensation Committee adopted the Chimera Investment Corporation 2025 Inducement Award Plan (the “Award Plan”), pursuant to which we reserved 540,000 shares of Chimera’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share for issuance under the Award Plan solely to individuals who were not previously employees of Chimera or any subsidiary of Chimera (or who are returning to employment following a bona fide period of interruption of employment with Chimera), in accordance with NYSE Listed Company Manual Rule 303A.08. The Award Plan was approved by the Compensation Committee without shareholder approval pursuant to NYSE Listed Company Manual Rule 303A.08. The Compensation Committee also adopted a form of restricted stock unit award agreement for use with the Award Plan. We issued restricted stock units to certain employees of HomeXpress as a material inducement for such employees to continue their employment with HomeXpress following the completion of the HomeXpress Acquisition. In connection with this transaction, stock-based compensation expense of $7 million will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period as it relates to the HomeXpress Acquisition.

Grants of Performance Share Units (“PSUs”)

PSU awards are designed to align compensation with our future performance. The PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 include a three-year performance period ending on December 31, 2028. For the PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026, the final number of shares awarded will be between 0% and 150% of the PSUs granted based on share price performance compared to a peer group. The PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025, include a three-year performance period ending on December 31, 2027. For the PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025, the final number of shares awarded will be between 0% and 200% of the PSUs granted based equally on the Company Economic Return and share price performance compared to a peer group. The Company’s three-year Company Economic Return is equal to our change in book value per common share plus common stock dividends. Share price performance equals change in share price plus common stock dividends. Compensation expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period based on an estimate of the Company Economic Return and share price performance in relation to the entities in the peer group and will be adjusted each period based on our best estimate of the actual number of shares awarded. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, we granted 415 thousand PSU awards to senior management with a grant date fair value of $5 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we granted 296 thousand PSU awards to senior management with a grant date fair value of $4 million.

We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $5 million which includes stock grants to both Chimera and HomeXpress employees for the three months ended March 31, 2026. We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were approximately 2 million unvested shares of RSUs and PSUs issued to our employees and directors.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following tables summarize our contractual obligations at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The estimated principal repayment schedule of the securitized debt is based on expected cash flows of the residential mortgage loans or RMBS, as adjusted for expected principal write-downs on the underlying collateral of the debt.

March 31, 2026 · (dollars in thousands)

(1) Interest is based on variable rates in effect as of March 31, 2026.

December 31, 2025 · (dollars in thousands)

(1) Interest is based on variable rates in effect as of December 31, 2025.

Not included in the tables above are the unfunded construction loan commitments of $3 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We expect the majority of these commitments will be paid within one year and are reported under Payable for investments purchased in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

We have made a $75 million capital commitment to a fund managed by Kah Capital Management, LLC. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we did not make any additional fundings toward the commitment, and the total remained $57 million leaving an unfunded commitment of $18 million.

Capital Expenditure Requirements

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.

Dividends

To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must pay annual dividends to our stockholders of at least 90% of our taxable income (subject to certain adjustments). Before we pay any dividend, we must first meet any operating requirements and scheduled debt service on our financing facilities and other debt payable.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Accounting policies are integral to understanding our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain judgments and assumptions, on the basis of information available at the time of the financial statements, in determining accounting estimates used in the preparation of these statements. Our significant accounting policies and accounting estimates are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. Critical accounting policies are described in this section. An accounting policy is considered critical if it requires management to make assumptions or judgments about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made or require significant management judgment in interpreting the accounting literature. If actual results differ from our judgments and assumptions, or other accounting judgments were made, this could have a significant and potentially adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The accounting policies and estimates which we consider most critical relate to the recognition of revenue on our investments, including recognition of any losses, and the determination of fair value of our financial instruments. The consolidated financial statements include, on a consolidated basis, our accounts, the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which we are the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although our estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be different than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially adversely impact our results of operations and our financial condition. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including current expected credit losses of Non-Agency RMBS, valuation of Loans held for investments, Agency and Non-Agency MBS, forward interest rates for interest rate swaps, and income recognition on Loans held for investments, Non-Agency RMBS, goodwill, intangibles and contingent earn-out liability. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of accounting guidance we have recently adopted or expect to be adopted in the future.