Element Solutions ESI Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2026

Non-GAAP Financial Measures ii

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 1

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 5

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 6

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 20

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 30

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 30

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings 31

Item 1A. Risk Factors 31

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 31

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 31

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 31

Item 5. Other Information 31

Item 6. Exhibits 32

Signatures 33

GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS

Terms Definitions

Element Solutions; We; Us; Our; the Company Element Solutions Inc, a Delaware corporation, and where the context requires, its subsidiaries or operating businesses.

Add-on Term Loans Element Solutions' $450 million aggregate principal amount of incremental term loans B borrowed under the Credit Agreement on February 2, 2026.

Credit Agreement Credit Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2019, as amended from time to time, among, inter alia, Element Solutions and MacDermid, Incorporated, as borrowers, certain subsidiaries of Element Solutions, as guarantors, and the lenders from time to time parties thereto.

EBITDA Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

EFC Acquisition Element Solutions' acquisition of EFC Gases & Advanced Materials ("EFC") on January 2, 2026.

Electronics Element Solutions' MacDermid Alpha Electronics Solutions business segment.

Exchange Act Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

GAAP U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

Kuprion Acquisition Element Solutions' acquisition of Kuprion, Inc. on May 19, 2023.

Micromax Acquisition Element Solutions' acquisition of Micromax (US) Holdings LLC ("Micromax") on February 2, 2026.

MGS Transaction Element Solutions' sale of its flexographic printing plate business, MacDermid Graphics Solutions, on February 28, 2025.

Quarterly Report This quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

RSUs Restricted stock units issued by Element Solutions from time to time under its Amended and Restated 2013 Incentive Compensation Plan or 2024 Incentive Compensation Plan, as applicable.

SEC Securities and Exchange Commission.

Specialties Element Solutions' Element Specialties business segment.

2025 Annual Report Element Solutions' annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026.

3.875% USD Notes due 2028 Element Solutions' $800 million aggregate principal amount of 3.875% senior notes due 2028, denominated in U.S. dollars, issued on August 18, 2020.

i

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This Quarterly Report contains non-GAAP financial measures, such as Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin and operating results on a constant currency and organic basis. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, a substitute for, or superior to, performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. For additional information on these non-GAAP financial measures, including definitions, limitations and reconciliations to their most comparable applicable GAAP measures, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in Part I, Item 2 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Note 12, Segment Information, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, both included in this Quarterly Report.

ii

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

See accompanying notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

See accompanying notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

See accompanying notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

See accompanying notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

See accompanying notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ELEMENT SOLUTIONS INC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. BACKGROUND AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Background

Element Solutions was incorporated in Delaware in January 2014 and its shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “ESI.”

Element Solutions is a leading global specialty chemicals technology company whose businesses supply a broad range of solutions that enhance the performance of products people use every day. Developed in multi-step technological processes, these innovative solutions enable customers' manufacturing processes in multiple high-value industries, including semiconductor fabrication, high-performance computing, automotive systems, consumer electronics, power electronics, communications and data storage infrastructure, aerospace and defense, industrial surface finishing and offshore energy. Element Solutions businesses provide products that, in substantially all cases, are consumed by customers as part of their production process, providing the Company with reliable and recurring revenue streams as the products are replenished in order to continue production. Element Solutions delivers its products to customers through its sales and service workforce, regional distributors and manufacturing representatives.

The Company's operations are organized in two reportable segments: Electronics (MacDermid Alpha Electronics Solutions) and Specialties (Element Specialties). The reportable segments represent businesses for which separate financial information is utilized by the chief operating decision maker for the purpose of allocating resources and evaluating performance.

Electronics – The Electronics segment researches, formulates and sells specialty chemicals and material process technologies for all types of electronics hardware, from complex printed circuit board designs to advanced semiconductor packaging. In high-performance datacenters, mobile communications, computers, automobiles and aerospace equipment, its products are an integral part of the electronics manufacturing process and the functionality of end-products. The segment's "wet chemistries" for metallization, surface treatments and solderable finishes form the physical circuitry pathways, and its "assembly materials," such as surface mount technologies ("SMT"), pastes, fluxes and adhesives, join those pathways together. The segment provides specialty chemicals solutions through the following businesses: Assembly Solutions, Circuitry Solutions, Micromax and Semiconductor Solutions.

Specialties – The Specialties segment researches, formulates and sells specialty chemicals and material process technologies that enable or enhance the performance of high value products across diverse sectors from automotive to energy infrastructure to semiconductors and satellites. Its products include chemical systems that protect and decorate metal and plastic surfaces, chemistries used in water-based hydraulic control fluids for offshore energy production and rare or high-purity gases and advanced materials used in semiconductor fabrication, satellite systems, electrical transmission infrastructure and other end-markets. The segment provides specialty chemicals solutions through the following businesses: Industrial Solutions, EFC and Energy Solutions. On February 28, 2025, the Company completed the sale of its flexographic printing plate business, MacDermid Graphics Solutions.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of Element Solutions and all of its controlled subsidiaries. The Company consolidates the income, expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows of its subsidiaries from the date it acquires control or becomes the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

In preparing the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP, management uses estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. Management applies judgment based on its understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances, including historical experience and future expectations. These judgments, by their nature, are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and, accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions.

These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments that are normal, recurring and necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2026. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in its 2025 Annual Report.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

2. ACQUISITIONS

Micromax Acquisition

On February 2, 2026, the Company completed the Micromax Acquisition for a purchase price of approximately $493 million, net of cash and subject to adjustments. Micromax is a global supplier of advanced electronics inks and pastes and was acquired to complement the Company's electronics portfolio. This acquisition was funded with the proceeds from the Add-on Term Loans of $450 million, which closed simultaneously with the Micromax Acquisition, and borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility. Micromax is reported in the Company’s Electronics segment.

EFC Acquisition

On January 2, 2026, the Company completed the EFC Acquisition for a purchase price of approximately $367 million, net of cash and subject to adjustments, with an additional $16.1 million estimated fair value associated with a potential earn-out based on EFC's 2026 performance of up to $30.0 million cash or 1.16 million shares of the Company's common stock. EFC is a provider of high-purity specialty gases and other advanced materials and was acquired to complement the Company's industrial portfolio. This acquisition was funded with cash on hand. EFC is reported in the Company’s Specialties segment.

In connection with the EFC Acquisition, certain EFC executives were granted approximately 1.45 million performance-based RSUs with an aggregate grant date fair value of $37.5 million. These RSUs were granted in two tranches with vesting subject to the achievement of EFC's Adjusted EBITDA performance targets for 2028 and 2030. The actual number of shares of the Company's common stock to be issued under these grants will range between 0% and 150% depending on the applicable Adjusted EBITDA performance level achieved in 2028 or 2030. If EFC's Adjusted EBITDA target level for any tranche is not achieved in the relevant year, the vesting of that tranche will be delayed by one year and EFC's Adjusted EBITDA generated that following year will be used to assess performance capped at 100%. As of March 31, 2026, the Company believes the achievement of these targets is probable and recognized $1.8 million of compensation expense for these awards in "Selling, technical, general and administrative" in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the first quarter of 2026.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price of the Micromax and EFC Acquisitions (together, the "Acquisitions") to the identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the respective acquisition dates:

The excess of the cost of the Acquisitions over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill and represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Substantially all of the goodwill for EFC and approximately $85.0 million for Micromax is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The fair value of the identifiable intangible assets recorded in conjunction with the Acquisitions was as follows:

The fair value of the identifiable intangible assets was determined primarily using the “income approach,” which requires a forecast of all of the expected future cash flows, either through the use of the multi-period excess earnings method or the relief-from-royalty method. Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset values include the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, the attrition rate and the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows.

The deferred income taxes reflect the tax effect of the differences between the carry-over tax basis and the fair value recorded in purchase accounting that are primarily associated with the recognition of identifiable intangible assets.

As of March 31, 2026, the purchase price allocation for each of the Acquisitions is preliminary. We expect to complete the purchase price allocation within the applicable one year measurement period.

The Acquisitions were not significant to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements; therefore, pro forma and post acquisition results of operations have not been presented.

3. INVENTORIES

The major components of inventory, on a net basis, were as follows:

4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

The major components of property, plant and equipment, net were as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded depreciation expense of $14.5 million and $10.0 million, respectively.

5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows:

(1) Includes accumulated impairment losses of $46.6 million.

(2) The Company completed the Micromax Acquisition and the EFC Acquisition on February 2, 2026 and January 2, 2026, respectively. See Note 2, Acquisitions, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Intangible Assets, Net

The major components of intangible assets, net were as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded amortization expense on intangible assets of $28.0 million and $27.2 million, respectively.

In the fourth quarter of 2025, a milestone agreed to as part of the Kuprion Acquisition was achieved. As the technology developed met the accounting definition of an asset, the Company capitalized a $6.3 million developed technology intangible asset ($4.9 million milestone payment plus a gross up for deferred taxes of $1.4 million), which is being amortized over 10 years. While the milestone was achieved in the fourth quarter of 2025, the associated payment was made in the first quarter of 2026 and $4.9 million is included in "Acquisitions, net of cash acquired" as a cash outflow from investing activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

6. DEBT

The Company’s debt obligations consisted of the following:

(1) Term loans, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs of $10.6 million and $5.9 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The effective interest rate was 4.5% at each of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, including the effects of interest rate swaps and net investment hedges. See Note 7, Financial Instruments, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the Company's interest rate swaps and net investment hedges.

(2) Senior notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $4.0 million and $4.4 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The effective interest rate was 4.1% at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Credit Agreement

The Company is a party to the Credit Agreement which, at March 31, 2026, provided for senior secured credit facilities consisting of a tranche of term loans B-3 of $1.29 billion maturing in 2030, and a revolving credit facility of $500 million, maturing in 2031. The Company's outstanding term loans bear interest at a per annum rate based on an adjusted one-month SOFR (as described in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread of 1.75%.

On February 2, 2026, the Company completed the syndication of $450 million of Add-on Term Loans and a 5-year $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which replaced its then existing $375 million revolving credit facility, upsizing the facility by $125 million and extending its maturity to 2031. The Add-on Term Loans have identical terms as the then existing term loans B-3, including a maturity date of December 18, 2030. The proceeds of the Add-on Term Loans were used to finance a portion of the purchase price of the Micromax Acquisition. Borrowings under the new revolving credit facility bear interest at Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement), subject to a rate floor of 0%, plus an applicable margin of 1.50% per annum.

Guarantees, Covenants and Events of Default

The obligations of the borrowers (the Company and its subsidiary, MacDermid, Incorporated) under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by certain of their domestic subsidiaries and secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of their assets and the assets of the guarantors, including mortgages on material real property, subject to certain exceptions.

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on additional indebtedness, dividends, and other distributions, entry into new lines of business, use of loan proceeds, capital expenditures, restricted payments, restrictions on liens on the assets of the borrowers or any guarantor, transactions with affiliates, amendments to organizational documents, accounting changes, sale and leaseback transactions and dispositions. Subject to certain exceptions, to the extent the borrowers have total outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility greater than 30% of the commitment amount under the revolving credit facility, the Company's first lien net leverage ratio should not exceed 5.0 to 1.0, subject to a right to cure.

The borrowers are required to make mandatory prepayments of borrowings, subject to certain exceptions, as described in the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest or fees, violation of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, failure to make payment on, or defaults with respect to, certain other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, material judgments and change of control provisions. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, and after the expiration of any applicable grace period, payment of any outstanding loans under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated and the lenders could foreclose on their security interests in the assets of the borrowers and the guarantors.

At March 31, 2026, the Company was in compliance with the debt covenants contained in the Credit Agreement and had full availability of its unused borrowing capacity of $408 million, net of letters of credit, under the revolving credit facility. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on any undrawn portion of the revolving credit facility which is not material.

Senior Notes

3.875% USD Notes due 2028

The indenture governing the 3.875% USD Notes due 2028 provides for, among other things, customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and other customary provisions. The notes accrue interest at a rate of 3.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, on March 1 and September 1 of each year, and will mature on September 1, 2028, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed. Pursuant to the indenture, the Company has the option to redeem the 3.875% USD Notes due 2028 prior to their maturity, subject to, in certain cases, the payment of an applicable make-whole premium, or to repurchase them by any means other than a redemption, including by tender offer, open market purchases or negotiated transactions. The 3.875% USD Notes due 2028 are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by generally all of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the obligations of the borrowers under the Credit Agreement.

Lines of Credit and Other Debt Facilities

The Company has access to various revolving lines of credit, short-term debt facilities and overdraft facilities worldwide which are used to fund short-term cash needs. At March 31, 2026 the aggregate principal amount outstanding under such facilities totaled $85.0 million and there were no material amounts outstanding under such facilities at December 31, 2025. The Company had letters of credit outstanding of $7.0 million at each of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, which reduced the borrowings available under the various facilities. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the availability under these facilities, including the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement, totaled approximately $436 million and $390 million, respectively, net of outstanding letters of credit.

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Derivatives and Hedging

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to risks relating to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps, net investment hedges, foreign currency exchange forward contracts and commodities derivative contracts are used to manage the risks associated with changes in the conditions of those markets. The counterparties to the Company’s derivative agreements are primarily major international financial institutions. The Company regularly monitors its derivative positions and the credit ratings of its counterparties and does not anticipate nonperformance on their part.

All derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Realized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, commodity derivative contracts and the net periodic payments from interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps are reflected as "Cash flows from operating activities" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Interest Rate and Cross-Currency Swaps

The Company uses interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps to reduce its exposure to interest rate risk and foreign currency risk. The Company has designated its interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and its cross-currency swaps as net investment hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a portion of its net investment in euro functional subsidiaries. These swaps effectively convert the Company's outstanding term loans, which are U.S. dollar denominated debt obligations, into fixed-rate euro-denominated debt through their respective expiration dates.

In February 2026, the Company entered into new interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps to effectively convert $350 million of the Add-on Term Loans, a U.S. dollar denominated debt obligation, into fixed-rate euro-denominated debt through December 2029.

The total notional value of the interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps was $1.18 billion and $831 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, approximately $694 million in notional value matures in December 2028 and approximately $485 million matures in December 2029. The remaining term loan notional value of approximately $108 million is not hedged. The net result of these hedges is an effective interest rate of approximately 4.5% at March 31, 2026 on the term loans B-3, which could vary in the future due to changes in the euro and the U.S. dollar exchange rate and, to a lesser extent, fluctuations in SOFR.

Changes in the estimated fair value of interest rate swaps are recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" and reclassified to "Interest expense, net" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as the underlying hedged item affects earnings. The fair value of the interest rate swaps was a net liability of $3.4 million and $11.0 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Changes in the estimated fair value of cross-currency swaps are recorded in "Foreign currency translation" in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss." The fair value of the cross-currency swaps was a net liability of $37.6 million and $64.7 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, these interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps were deemed highly effective. The Company expects to reclassify $0.1 million of expense from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" to "Interest expense, net" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within the next twelve months.

Foreign Currency

The Company conducts a significant portion of its business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and certain subsidiaries conduct business in currencies other than their functional currency, which is typically their local currency. As a result, the Company’s operating results are impacted by foreign currency exchange rate volatility.

At March 31, 2026, the Company held foreign currency forward contracts to purchase and sell various currencies to mitigate foreign currency exposure primarily with the U.S. dollar, euro and British pound. The Company has not designated any foreign currency exchange forward contracts as eligible for hedge accounting and, as a result, changes in the fair value of foreign currency forward contracts are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as "Other expense, net." The total notional value of foreign currency exchange forward contracts held at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was approximately $203 million and $133 million, respectively, with settlement dates generally within one year. The fair value of the foreign currency forward contracts was a net current liability of $0.4 million and $0.9 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Commodities

The Company enters into commodity derivative contracts for the purpose of mitigating its exposure to fluctuations in prices of certain metals used in the production of its finished goods. The Company held derivative contracts to purchase and sell various metals, primarily silver and tin, for a notional amount of $149 million and $91.4 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The fair value of the metals derivative contracts was a net current asset of $8.2 million and a net current liability of $13.5 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Substantially all contracts outstanding at March 31, 2026 have delivery dates within one year. The Company has not designated these derivatives as hedging instruments and, accordingly, records changes in their fair values in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as "Other expense, net."

Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

The fair values of Level 2 derivative assets and liabilities are determined using pricing models based upon observable market inputs, such as market spot and futures prices on over-the-counter derivative instruments, market interest rates and consideration of counterparty credit risk.

The fair value of Level 3 contingent consideration represents a potential liability of up to $30.0 million cash or 1.16 million shares of the Company's common stock tied to EFC's expected achievement of Adjusted EBITDA performance metrics for fiscal year 2026. The fair value of the contingent consideration was derived using a Monte Carlo simulation model and the key assumptions included EFC's forecasted Adjusted EBITDA, expected volatility of the Company's stock price and the Company's stock price on the valuation date. From the closing date of the EFC Acquisition to March 31, 2026, the fair value of the contingent consideration increased by $5.9 million, which is recorded in "Selling, technical, general and administrative" in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

There were no significant transfers of financial instruments between the fair value hierarchy levels for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

The carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt both totaled $2.07 billion at March 31, 2026. At December 31, 2025, the carrying value and estimated fair value both totaled $1.63 billion, respectively. The carrying values noted above include unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs. The estimated fair value of long-term debt is measured using quoted market prices for similar instruments at the reporting date multiplied by the gross carrying amount of the related debt, which excludes unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs. Such instruments are valued using Level 2 inputs.

8. EARNINGS PER SHARE

A computation of weighted average shares of the Company's common stock outstanding and earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the following securities were not included in the computation of diluted shares outstanding because either the effect would be anti-dilutive or the applicable performance targets were not yet met:

9. CONTINGENCIES, ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEGAL MATTERS

Environmental Matters

The Company is involved in various claims relating to environmental matters at current and former plants and waste management sites. At certain of these sites, the Company engages or participates in remedial and other environmental compliance activities. At other sites, the Company has been named as a potential responsible party pursuant to the federal Superfund Act and/or state Superfund laws comparable to the federal law for site remediation. After analyzing each individual site, considering the number of parties involved, the level of its potential liability or contribution relating to the other parties, the nature and magnitude of the hazardous waste involved, the method and extent of remediation, the potential insurance coverage, the estimated legal and consulting expense with respect to each site and the time period over which any costs would likely be incurred, the Company estimates the clean-up costs and related claims for each site. The estimates are based in part on discussions with other potential responsible parties, governmental agencies and engineering firms.

The Company accrues for environmental matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated based on current laws and existing technologies. The accruals are adjusted periodically as assessment and remediation efforts progress or as additional technical or legal information becomes available. The Company's environmental liabilities, which are included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" and "Other liabilities," totaled $10.5 million and $9.6 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, primarily driven by environmental remediation, clean-up costs and monitoring of sites that were either closed or

disposed of in prior years. While uncertainty exists with respect to the amount and timing of its ultimate environmental liabilities, the Company does not currently anticipate any material losses in excess of the amount recorded. However, new information about the sites, such as results of investigations, could make it necessary for the Company to reassess its potential exposure related to these environmental matters.

As of the date hereof, the Company believes it is not practicable to provide an estimated range of reasonably possible environmental losses in excess of its recorded liabilities. As a result, the Company is unable to ascertain the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact that may be associated with these matters.

Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings, investigations and/or claims in the normal course of its business. Although it cannot predict with certainty the ultimate resolution of these matters, which involve judgments that are inherently subjective, the Company believes that their resolutions, to the extent not covered by insurance, will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

10. INCOME TAXES

The Company's quarterly income tax provision is measured using an estimate of its consolidated annual effective tax rate, which includes the impact of foreign withholding tax accruals and uncertain tax positions, adjusted for discrete items, within the periods presented. The comparison of the Company's income tax provision between periods can be significantly impacted by the level and mix of earnings, losses by tax jurisdiction and discrete items.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized income tax expense of $26.7 million as compared to $17.8 million in the same period for 2025. Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026, includes a continued U.S. benefit related to claiming foreign tax credits, a recurring benefit from a U.S. tax deduction related to foreign-derived deduction eligible income (commonly referred to as FDDEI) partially offset with foreign tax credit valuation allowances of $6.4 million and net Controlled Foreign Corporation tested income (commonly referred to as NCTI) including the impact of changes to the level and mix of earnings. The foreign tax credit valuation allowance was required after taking into account the impacts on projected future taxable income from the EFC and Micromax Acquisitions, including significant tax-basis amortization of acquired intangible property and increased interest expense from the Add-on Term Loans.

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025, included a continued U.S. benefit related to claiming foreign tax credits and a benefit from a U.S. tax deduction related to foreign-derived intangible income (commonly referred to as FDII), partially offset by a $7.7 million multi-year tax settlement and the impact of changes to the level and mix of earnings.

On February 28, 2025, the Company completed the MGS Transaction and realized a gain on sale of $72.1 million as of March 31, 2025. This transaction resulted in a nominal tax impact which reduced the effective tax rate primarily due to the realization of a deferred tax asset and an offsetting release of a valuation allowance.

11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company is party to an Advisory Services Agreement with Mariposa Capital, LLC, an affiliate of one of its founder directors, whereby Mariposa Capital, LLC is entitled to receive an annual fee of $2.0 million and reimbursement for expenses, which are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as "Selling, technical, general and administrative" expense. This agreement is automatically renewed for successive one-year terms unless either party notifies the other in writing of its intention not to renew no later than 90 days prior to the expiration of the applicable term.

12. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company's operations are organized into two reportable segments: Electronics and Specialties. These segments represent businesses for which separate financial information is utilized by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating performance. The Company's CODM is the Chief Executive Officer.

The CODM utilizes net sales and Adjusted EBITDA to allocate resources predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM evaluates the performance of the operating segments by considering budget to actual variances when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segments and determining the compensation of certain employees. Adjusted EBITDA for each segment is defined as EBITDA, as further adjusted for additional items included in earnings which the Company believes are not representative or indicative of each of its segments' ongoing business or are considered to be associated with the Company's capital structure. Adjusted EBITDA for each segment also includes an allocation of corporate costs, such as compensation expense and professional fees.

Disaggregated Net Sales

The following table summarizes disaggregated external net sales by product category:

Results of Operations

The following table reconciles "Net income" to Adjusted EBITDA:

The following tables summarize financial information regarding each reportable segment's results of operations. As noted above, Adjusted EBITDA for each segment excludes certain items that may not be indicative of the Company's core operating results for its reportable segments. As such, the "Segment Total" below may not agree to the corresponding amounts on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(1) Other segment items for the Electronics segment primarily consisted of $26.7 million and $0.3 million of realized losses associated with metals derivative contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. See Note 7, Financial Instruments, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of these derivative instruments.

Assets by Reportable Segment

Total assets by reportable segment at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are not presented as they are not utilized for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating performance.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report, and the Consolidated Financial Statements, related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section and other disclosures contained in our 2025 Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in "Forward-Looking Statements” of this Quarterly Report, and in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our 2025 Annual Report.

Overview

Our Business

Element Solutions, incorporated in Delaware in January 2014, is a leading global specialty chemicals technology company whose businesses supply a broad range of solutions that enhance the performance of products people use every day. Developed in multi-step technological processes, these innovative solutions enable customers' manufacturing processes in multiple high-value industries, including semiconductor fabrication, high-performance computing, automotive systems, consumer electronics, power electronics, communications and data storage infrastructure, aerospace and defense, industrial surface finishing and offshore energy. Our product innovation and product extensions are expected to continue to drive sales growth in both new and existing markets while expanding margins through a consistent focus on increasing customer value propositions.

We believe the majority of our businesses hold strong positions in the high-growth markets we serve. Our extensive global teams of specially trained scientists and engineers develop our solutions, and our expert sales and service organizations ensure our customers' needs are met every day. Our customer-centric innovation means we develop technologies to meet the identified needs of our supply chains. We solve our customers' existing and emerging problems through technical service and innovation. We believe that our customers place significant value on the consistency and quality of our brands, on which we capitalize through significant market share, customer loyalty and supply chain access. In addition, operational risks and switching costs make it difficult for our customers to change suppliers which allows us to retain customers and maintain our market positions.

Our customers rely on our innovation to develop new products of their own, so our capabilities help them keep up in fast-paced, high-growth markets. To that end, we draw upon our broad and longstanding intellectual property portfolio and technical expertise, while working closely with both customers and OEMs on an ongoing basis, to develop proprietary solutions tailored to their manufacturing needs. We leverage these close relationships to win qualifications and specifications into their supply chains as well as to identify opportunities for new products; all of which provide potential additional revenue streams.

Our strategy is based on a balance of operational excellence and prudent capital allocation. Our operating teams focus on the strong execution of customer-led product development, superior technical sales support and continuous supply chain optimization. Our senior leadership aims to foster an environment of accountability and success for our operating teams while also evaluating and executing on high-return capital allocation opportunities that can drive compounding of long-term intrinsic value per share.

Our Operations

Our operations are organized into two segments: Electronics and Specialties, which are each described below:

Electronics – Our Electronics segment researches, formulates and sells specialty chemicals and material process technologies for all types of electronics hardware, from complex printed circuit board designs to advanced semiconductor packaging. In high-performance datacenters, mobile communications, computers, automobiles and aerospace equipment, its products are an integral part of the electronics manufacturing process and the functionality of end-products. The segment's "wet chemistries" for metallization, surface treatments and solderable finishes form the physical circuitry pathways and its "assembly materials," such as SMT, pastes, fluxes and adhesives, join those pathways together.

Electronics provides solutions through the following businesses:

Assembly Solutions As a global supplier of SMT, fluxes, thermal management materials, coatings and other attachment materials, we develop high-performing innovative materials that are used to assemble consumer electronics from circuit boards, discrete electronic components, connectors and integrated circuit substrates. We believe our growth in this business will be driven by the increasing use of electronics in consumer, automotive, telecommunications, memory, medical, aerospace and other markets.

Circuitry Solutions As a global supplier of chemical formulations to the electronics industry, we design and manufacture proprietary "wet" chemical processes and materials used by our customers to manufacture printed circuit boards and memory storage devices. Our product portfolio is focused on specialized consumable chemical processes and materials, such as circuit formation, primary metallization, electroplate, surface finishes and flexible/formable films. We believe our growth in this business will be driven by demand in wireless mobile devices, internet infrastructure, high performance computing, and the increasing use of electronics in automobiles.

Micromax As a global supplier of conductive, resistive and dielectric thick film pastes for passive components, low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) for multilayer circuit integration, and electronics inks for printed electronics, we provide high-reliability microcircuit solutions for a variety of high-cost-of-failure applications. We believe our growth in this business will be driven by increased passive component density in datacenter and automotive electronics, as well as demand for more advanced radar and communication solutions and health & safety technologies.

Semiconductor Solutions As a global supplier to the semiconductor industry, we provide advanced copper interconnects, die attachment, sintered silver material, adhesives, wafer bump processes and photomask technologies to our customers for integrated circuit fabrication and semiconductor packaging. We believe our growth in this business will be driven by advanced electronics packaging, necessary to meet the growing needs of high performance computing, artificial intelligence, the internet of things, next-generation wireless communications and the increasing content and complexity of electronics in automotive applications.

Specialties – Our Specialties segment researches, formulates and sells specialty chemicals and material process technologies that enable or enhance the performance of high value products across diverse sectors from automotive to energy infrastructure to semiconductors and satellites. Its products include chemical systems that protect and decorate metal and plastic surfaces, chemistries used in water-based hydraulic control fluids for offshore energy production and rare or high-purity gases and advanced materials used in semiconductor fabrication, satellite systems, electrical transmission infrastructure and other end-markets.

Specialties provides solutions through the following businesses:

Industrial Solutions As a global supplier of industrial metal and plastic finishing chemistries, we primarily design and manufacture chemical systems that protect and decorate surfaces. Our high-performance functional coatings improve resistance to wear and tear, such as chrome plating of shock absorbers for cars, or provide corrosion resistance for appliance parts. Our decorative performance coatings apply finishes for parts in various end markets, such as automotive interiors or jewelry surfaces. Our industrial customer base is highly diverse and includes customers in the following end markets: appliances and electronics equipment; automotive parts; industrial parts; plumbing goods; construction equipment and transportation equipment. In this business, we also sell certain water-treatment solutions and lubricants used in similar end-markets. We believe our growth in this industry will be primarily driven by increased worldwide automobile production with elevated fashion elements and higher content per vehicle as well as general economic growth.

EFC As a global supplier of high purity electronic gases, rare gases and advanced materials, we provide specialized solutions, including tailored gas recovery, filling and recycling systems, to a range of fast-growing and highly complex industries, including semiconductor manufacturing, aerospace and electrical infrastructure. We believe our growth in this business will be driven by gas molecule qualifications at semiconductor fabricators, growth in satellite launches and increased investment in domestic electrical transmission infrastructure.

Energy Solutions As a global supplier of specialized fluids to the offshore energy industry, we produce water-based hydraulic control fluids for major oil and gas companies and drilling contractors to be used in offshore deep-water production and drilling applications. We believe our growth in this business will be driven by continued capital expenditures in energy exploration and production.

Recent Developments

Micromax Acquisition - On February 2, 2026, we completed the acquisition of Micromax, a global supplier of advanced electronics inks and pastes, for a purchase price of approximately $493 million, net of cash and subject to adjustments.

EFC Acquisition - On January 2, 2026, we completed the acquisition of EFC, a provider of high-purity specialty gases and other advanced materials, for a purchase price of approximately $367 million, net of cash and subject to adjustments, with a potential earn-out based on EFC's 2026 performance of up to $30.0 million cash or 1.16 million shares of the Company's common stock.

Add-on Term Loans & Revolver Upsize - On February 2, 2026, we completed the syndication of $450 million of Add-on Term Loans and a 5-year $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which replaced our then existing $375 million revolving facility, upsizing the facility by $125 million and extending its maturity to 2031. The proceeds of the Add-on Term Loans were used to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Micromax Acquisition.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Our recent accounting pronouncements have not changed materially from the summary disclosed in Note 3, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2025 Annual Report.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section, we present certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as operating results on a constant currency and organic basis, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin. Management internally reviews these non-GAAP measures to evaluate performance on a comparative period-to-period basis in terms of absolute performance, trends and expected future performance with respect to our business. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, which are each further described below, provide investors with an additional perspective on trends and underlying operating results on a period-to-period comparable basis. We also believe that investors find this information helpful in understanding the ongoing performance of our operations separate from items that may have a disproportionate positive or negative impact on our financial results in any particular period or are considered to be associated with our capital structure.

These non-GAAP financial measures, however, have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation from, a substitute for, or superior to, the related financial information that we report in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is that they exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in our financial statements and may not be completely comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences in calculation methods. In addition, these measures are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgment by management about which items are excluded or included in determining these non-GAAP financial measures. Investors are encouraged to review the definitions and reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP financial measures included in this Quarterly Report and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

Constant Currency

We disclose certain financial measures and Adjusted EBITDA, on a constant currency basis by adjusting results to exclude the impact of changes due to the translation of foreign currencies of our international locations into U.S. dollars. Management believes this non-GAAP financial information facilitates period-to-period comparison in the analysis of trends in business performance, thereby providing valuable supplemental information regarding our results of operations, consistent with how we internally evaluate our financial results.

The impact of foreign currency translation is calculated by converting our current-period local currency financial results into U.S. dollars using the prior period's exchange rates and comparing these adjusted amounts to our prior period reported results. The difference between actual growth rates and constant currency growth rates represents the estimated impact of foreign currency translation.

Organic Net Sales Growth

Organic net sales growth is defined as net sales excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, changes due to the pass-through pricing of certain metals and acquisitions and/or divestitures, as applicable. Management believes this non-GAAP financial measure provides investors with a more complete understanding of the underlying net sales trends by providing comparable net sales over differing periods on a consistent basis.

For a reconciliation of GAAP net sales growth to organic net sales growth, see "Net Sales" within the "Results of Operations" section below.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA, excluding the impact of additional items included in GAAP earnings which we believe are not representative or indicative of our ongoing business or are considered to be associated with our capital structure. Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales excluding the value of certain pass-through metals in the Electronics segment. Adjusted EBITDA margin excludes the impact of certain pass-through metals in the Electronics segment as we believe the fluctuations in these metal prices do not reflect underlying operating results. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin provide investors with a more complete understanding of the long-term profitability trends of our business and facilitates comparisons of our profitability to prior and future periods.

For a reconciliation of "Net income" to Adjusted EBITDA and more information about the adjustments made, see Note 12, Segment Information, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report.

Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to three months ended March 31, 2025

(nm) Calculation not meaningful.

Net Sales

Net sales in the first quarter of 2026 increased 41% on a reported basis and 10% on an organic basis. Electronics' consolidated results were positively impacted by $101 million of pass-through metals pricing and $64.8 million of acquisitions and Specialties' consolidated results were negatively impacted by $5.6 million of divestitures net of acquisitions.

The following table reconciles GAAP net sales growth to organic net sales growth:

NOTE: Totals may not sum due to rounding.

Electronics' net sales in the first quarter of 2026 increased 61% on a reported basis and 15% on an organic basis. Net sales from pass-through metals were $256 million and $101 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

• Assembly Solutions: net sales increased 68% on a reported basis and 12% on an organic basis. Pass-through metals pricing had a positive impact of 52% on reported net sales. Foreign exchange had a positive impact of 4% on reported net sales. The increase in organic net sales was primarily due to demand for engineered preform materials in datacenter applications and strength in pastes for premium smartphones in Asia.
• Circuitry Solutions: net sales increased 21% on a reported basis and 17% on an organic basis. Foreign exchange had a positive impact of 4% on reported net sales. The increase in organic net sales was primarily due to continued AI and data center investment driving demand for metallization solutions.
• Micromax: The Company completed the Micromax Acquisition on February 2, 2026. See Note 2, Acquisitions, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
• Semiconductor Solutions: net sales increased 22% on a reported basis and 18% on an organic basis. Foreign exchange had a positive impact of 3% on reported net sales. The increase in organic net sales was primarily due to increased demand in Asia for plating solutions for advanced packaging and inflation on precious metals content within these products, as well as growth in power electronics.

Specialties' net sales in the first quarter of 2026 increased 4% on a reported basis and 1% on an organic basis.

• Industrial Solutions: net sales increased 6% on a reported basis and were relatively flat on an organic basis. Foreign exchange had a positive impact of 6% on reported net sales. Flat organic sales were the result of automotive customer softness in the Americas offset by the impact of higher metal surcharges.
• EFC: The Company completed the EFC Acquisition on January 2, 2026. See Note 2, Acquisitions, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
• Energy Solutions: net sales increased 21% on a reported basis and 15% on an organic basis. Foreign exchange had a positive impact of 6% on reported net sales. The increase in organic net sales was primarily due to pricing actions and an increase in production volumes from competitive wins.

Gross Profit

Electronics' gross profit in the first quarter of 2026 increased by 42% on a reported basis and 39% on a constant currency basis. The Micromax Acquisition had a positive impact of 8% on constant currency gross profit which includes $13.6 million of gross profit less an inventory step-up from purchase accounting of $1.4 million. The constant currency increase in gross profit dollars was primarily driven by broad-based organic volume growth across the Electronics businesses. Gross profit margins excluding net sales from pass-through metals improved 550 bps when compared to the first quarter of 2025. The increase in gross margin excluding the impact of pass-through metals was primarily due to positive mix from higher value product sales within the portfolio, including the Micromax products.

Specialties' gross profit in the first quarter of 2026 increased by 5% on a reported basis and remained relatively flat on a constant currency basis. The EFC Acquisition had a positive impact of 7% on constant currency gross profit which includes $7.9 million of gross profit less an inventory step-up from purchase accounting of $2.0 million. The MGS Transaction had a negative impact of $8.8 million, or 10%, on constant currency gross profit. Underlying gross margin improvement was primarily driven by growth in the higher margin Energy Solutions business.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses in the first quarter of 2026 increased 22% on a reported basis and 19% on a constant currency basis. The constant currency increase was primarily driven by $10.3 million of operating expenses related to businesses acquired in the first quarter of 2026 ($5.5 million from the Micromax Acquisition and $4.8 million from the EFC Acquisition), $10.3 million of higher non-recurring acquisition costs, higher incentive compensation costs due to increased expectations for strong full year financial results and a $5.9 million increase in the fair value of the contingent consideration associated with the EFC Acquisition in the first quarter of 2026; partially offset by $4.5 million of lower operating expenses due to the sale of MacDermid Graphics Solutions in the first quarter of 2025.

Other (Expense) Income

Interest expense, net

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, interest expense, net increased $7.2 million primarily due to a higher effective interest rate on a higher outstanding term loan principal balance and lower interest income when compared to the prior year period as well as interest expense borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility in the first quarter of 2026.

Foreign exchange losses

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the fluctuations in foreign exchange losses were primarily driven by the remeasurement of intercompany loans.

Other expense, net

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, other expense, net included $5.2 million of net losses associated with metals derivative contracts ($26.9 million of realized losses and $21.7 million of unrealized gains) and $0.6 million of charges due to highly inflationary accounting for our operations in Turkey. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, other expense, net included $11.1 million of net losses associated with metals derivative contracts ($0.3 million of realized and $10.8 million of unrealized losses), $1.8 million of debt extinguishment costs related to the partial prepayment of our term loans B-3 and $1.2 million of charges due to highly inflationary accounting for our operations in Turkey.

The metal derivative contracts primarily relate to inventory associated with pass-through metals pricing in our Assembly Solutions business and are intended to mitigate the impact on "Gross profit" associated with fixed price agreements with our customers or commodity price movement after inventory is purchased. See Note 7, Financial Instruments, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of these derivative instruments.

Gain on divestitures

In the first quarter of 2025, we completed the sale of our flexographic printing plate business, MacDermid Graphics Solutions, resulting in a gain of $72.1 million.

Income Tax

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized income tax expense of $26.7 million as compared to $17.8 million in the same period for 2025. Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026, includes a continued U.S. benefit related to claiming foreign tax credits, a recurring benefit from a U.S. tax deduction related to foreign-derived deduction eligible income (commonly referred to as FDDEI) partially offset with foreign tax credit valuation allowances of $6.4 million and net Controlled Foreign Corporation tested income (commonly referred to as NCTI) including the impact of changes to the level and mix of earnings. The foreign tax credit valuation allowance was required after taking into account the impacts on projected future taxable income from the EFC and Micromax Acquisitions, including significant tax-basis amortization of acquired intangible property and increased interest expense from the Add-on Term Loans.

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025, included a continued U.S. benefit related to claiming foreign tax credits and a benefit from a U.S. tax deduction related to foreign-derived intangible income (commonly referred to as FDII), partially offset by a $7.7 million multi-year tax settlement and the impact of changes to the level and mix of earnings.

On February 28, 2025, we completed the MGS Transaction and realized a gain on sale of $72.1 million as of March 31, 2025. This transaction resulted in a nominal tax impact which reduced the effective tax rate primarily due to the realization of a deferred tax asset and an offsetting release of a valuation allowance.

See Note 10, Income Taxes, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Performance

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, Electronics' Adjusted EBITDA increased 34% on a reported basis and 29% on a constant currency basis. The Micromax Acquisition had a positive impact of $10.2 million, or 11%, on constant currency Adjusted EBITDA. The remaining constant currency increase was primarily driven by the broad-based increase in sales across all businesses.

Specialties' Adjusted EBITDA increased 9% on a reported basis and 3% on a constant currency basis. The EFC Acquisition had a positive impact of $3.7 million, or 9%, on constant currency Adjusted EBITDA. The MGS Transaction had a negative impact of $5.3 million, or 13%, on constant currency Adjusted EBITDA. The remaining constant currency increase was primarily driven by growth from the Energy Solutions business.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 were the proceeds from the Add-on Term Loans and our revolving credit facility and available cash generated from operations. Our primary uses of cash and cash equivalents were to fund the Micromax Acquisition, the EFC Acquisition and operations, including working capital and capital expenditures and pay cash dividends. Our first significant debt principal payment of approximately $800 million is related to the maturity of our 3.875% USD Notes due 2028. In the first quarter of 2026, we paid a cash dividend of 8 cents per share. We currently expect to continue to pay a cash dividend on a quarterly basis; however, the actual declaration of any cash dividends as well as their amounts and timing, will be subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors based on factors including our future earnings and cash flow generation.

For the full year 2026, we expect our capital expenditures to be approximately $75.0 million to $100 million. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operations, supplemented by our availability under our lines of credit, including our revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement, will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs, interest payments, capital expenditures, potential dividend payments and other business requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, working capital cycles and/or future repurchases of our common stock and/or acquisitions may require additional funding, which may include future debt and/or equity offerings. Our long-term liquidity may be influenced by our ability to borrow additional funds, manage interest rates, renegotiate existing debt and/or raise new equity or debt under terms that are favorable to us.

We may from time to time seek to repurchase our equity and/or to retire or repurchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, applicable restrictions under our various financing arrangements and other factors.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, approximately 76% of our net sales were generated from non-U.S. operations, and we expect a large portion of our net sales to continue to be generated outside of the U.S. As a result, our foreign subsidiaries will likely continue to generate a substantial portion of our cash. We manage our worldwide cash requirements with available funds generated by the many subsidiaries through which we conduct business. We expect to continue to have cost efficient access to those funds on a global basis. We may transfer cash from certain international subsidiaries to the U.S. and/or other international subsidiaries when we believe it is cost effective to do so. Of our $177 million of cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2026, $145 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries.

The following is a summary of our cash flows (used in) provided by operating, investing, and financing activities during the periods indicated:

Operating Activities

The decrease in net cash flows provided by operating activities of $92.6 million was primarily driven by higher investment in working capital from rising metals prices partially offset by higher cash operating profits (net income adjusted for non-cash items), including higher earnings as a result of the Micromax Acquisition and the EFC Acquisition, and lower incentive compensation due to timing of payments associated with 2025 performance.

Investing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we paid $493 million in connection with the Micromax Acquisition and $367 million in connection with the EFC Acquisition. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we received cash proceeds of $323 million upon the closing of the MGS Transaction.

Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we received cash proceeds of $449 million from the Add-on Term Loans and $85.0 million in net borrowings from the revolving credit facility. In addition, we paid $20.2 million of cash dividends on shares of our common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we prepaid $200 million of our term loans B-3 and paid $19.8 million of cash dividends on shares of our common stock and $4.8 million for shares of our common stock withheld to satisfy the tax withholding requirements related to the vesting of RSUs included in "Other, net."

Financial Borrowings

Credit Facilities and Senior Notes

At March 31, 2026, we had $2.16 billion of indebtedness, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs of $14.6 million, which was comprised of:

• $1.29 billion of term debt arrangements outstanding under our term loans;
• $800 million of 3.875% USD Notes due 2028; and
• $85.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility.

Availability under our revolving credit facility and various lines of credit and overdraft facilities totaled $436 million at March 31, 2026 (net of $7.0 million of stand-by letters of credit which reduce our borrowing capacity).

Covenants

At March 31, 2026, we were in compliance with the debt covenants contained in the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing our 3.875% USD Notes due 2028.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk required by this item have not changed materially from those disclosed in our 2025 Annual Report. For a discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, contained in our 2025 Annual Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on management's evaluation (with the participation of our CEO and CFO), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Based on management's evaluation (with the participation of our CEO and CFO), there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings, investigations and/or claims that are incidental to the operation of our businesses. In particular, we are involved in various claims relating to environmental matters at a number of current and former plant sites and waste management sites. See Note 9, Contingencies, Environmental and Legal Matters, to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for more information and updates.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors from those set forth in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our 2025 Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchases

The following table provides information about purchases by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2026 of equity securities of the Company:

(1) In November 2021, our Board of Directors increased the authorization under the Company's stock repurchase program to $750 million. The approximate dollar value of shares that may be purchased under the program is inclusive of any applicable brokers fees and excise tax and represents the value of shares available under the program at the end of the respective month presented. The program does not require the repurchase of any specific number of shares and shares repurchases are made opportunistically at the discretion of the Company. The program does not have an expiration date but may be suspended or terminated by the Board at any time.

Shares withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to the vesting of RSUs are not considered share repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None

Item 5. Other Information

Director and Officer 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

None

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report:

Exhibit Number Description

3.1(a) Certificate of Incorporation dated January 22, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-192778) filed on January 24, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference) 3.1(b) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation dated June 12, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 13, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference) 3.1(c) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation dated January 31, 2019 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference) 3.2 Amended and Restated By-laws dated April 25, 2023 (filed as Exhibit 3.2 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on April 27, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 31.1* Principal Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2* Principal Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1** Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 10.1*** Amendment No.10 to Credit Agreement, dated February 2, 2026, among, inter alios, the Company, MacDermid, Incorporated, the subsidiaries of the Company from time to time parties thereto, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, and Citibank, N.A., as administrative and collateral agent (filed as Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 2, 2026, and incorporated herein by reference) 101.SCH** Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL** Inline XBRL Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF** Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB** Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE** Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 101. INS** Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL documents 104** Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included in Exhibits 101)

• Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished supplementally to the SEC upon request.