JPMorgan Chase JPM Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2026

Item 6. Exhibits. 181

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Consolidated financial highlights (unaudited)

| As of or for the period ended, (in millions, except per share, ratio, employee data and where otherwise noted) | | | | | | | | | | |

1Q26 4Q25 3Q25 2Q25 1Q25 | Selected income statement data | | | | | | | | | | | Total net revenue ⁠ $49,836 ⁠ $45,798 ⁠ $46,427 ⁠ $44,912 ⁠ $45,310 Total noninterest expense 26,850 23,983 24,281 23,779 23,597 Pre-provision profit(a) 22,986 21,815 22,146 21,133 21,713 Provision for credit losses 2,507 4,655 3,403 2,849 3,305 Income before income tax expense 20,479 17,160 18,743 18,284 18,408 Income tax expense 3,985 4,135 4,350 3,297 3,765 Net income ⁠ $16,494 ⁠ $13,025 ⁠ $14,393 ⁠ $14,987 ⁠ $14,643 | Earnings per share data | | | | | | | | | | | Net income: Basic ⁠ $5.95 ⁠ $4.64 ⁠ $5.08 ⁠ $5.25 ⁠ $5.08 Diluted 5.94 4.63 5.07 5.24 5.07 Average shares: Basic 2,716.2 2,735.3 2,762.4 2,788.7 2,819.4 Diluted 2,720.2 2,740.5 2,767.6 2,793.7 2,824.3 | Market and per common share data | | | | | | | | | | | Market capitalization ⁠ $788,205 ⁠ $868,793 ⁠ $858,683 ⁠ $797,181 ⁠ $681,712 Common shares at period-end 2,679.5 2,696.2 2,722.2 2,749.7 2,779.1 Book value per share ⁠ $128.38 ⁠ $126.99 ⁠ $124.96 ⁠ $122.51 ⁠ $119.24 Tangible book value per share (“TBVPS”)(a) 108.87 107.56 105.70 103.40 100.36 Cash dividends declared per share 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.40 | Selected ratios and metrics | | | | | | | | | | | Return on common equity (“ROE”)(b) 19 15 17 18 18 Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”)(a)(b) 23 18 20 21 21 Return on assets(b) 1.41 1.14 1.26 1.35 1.40 Overhead ratio 54 52 52 53 52 Loans-to-deposits ratio 56 58 56 55 54 Firm Liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) (average) 112 111 110 113 113 JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. LCR (average) 120 115 117 120 124 Common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio – Standardized(c) 14.3 14.6 14.8 15.1 15.4 Tier 1 capital ratio – Standardized(c) 15.2 15.5 15.8 16.1 16.5 Total capital ratio – Standardized(c) 17.2 17.4 17.7 17.8 18.2 Tier 1 leverage ratio 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.2 Supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”) 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 | Selected balance sheet data (period-end) | | | | | | | | | | | Trading assets ⁠ $1,069,335 ⁠ $802,873 ⁠ $952,777 ⁠ $889,856 ⁠ $875,203 Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses 821,179 777,332 783,945 745,939 664,447 Loans 1,503,520 1,493,429 1,435,246 1,411,992 1,355,695 Total assets 4,900,475 4,424,900 4,560,205 4,552,482 4,357,856 Deposits 2,675,520 2,559,320 2,548,476 2,562,380 2,495,877 Long-term debt 448,764 435,206 427,203 419,802 407,224 Common stockholders’ equity 343,993 342,393 340,167 336,879 331,375 Total stockholders’ equity 364,038 362,438 360,212 356,924 351,420 Employees 320,079 318,512 318,153 317,160 318,477 | Credit quality metrics | | | | | | | | | | | Allowances for credit losses ⁠ $31,383 ⁠ $31,230 ⁠ $29,089 ⁠ $28,281 ⁠ $27,835 Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans 1.82 1.83 1.88 1.85 1.94 Nonperforming assets ⁠ $10,049 ⁠ $10,359 ⁠ $10,635 ⁠ $10,480 ⁠ $9,105 Net charge-offs 2,316 2,514 2,593 2,410 2,332 Net charge-off rate 0.67 0.72 0.76 0.73 0.74

On January 7, 2026, JPMorganChase announced that Chase will become the new issuer of Apple Card. The Firm entered into a forward purchase commitment on December 30, 2025 to acquire the Apple credit card portfolio (the “Apple Card transaction”), with an expected closing date approximately 24 months thereafter. Refer to Notes 4, 13, 27 and 28 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

(a)Pre-provision profit, TBVPS and ROTCE are each non-GAAP financial measures. Tangible common equity (“TCE”) is also a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 15-16 for a further discussion of these measures.

(b)Ratios are based upon annualized amounts.

(c)At each of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Advanced risk-based ratios were more binding on the Firm than the Standardized risk-based ratios. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 33-40 of this Form 10-Q and pages 89–99 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

(d)Included $2.2 billion associated with the Apple Card transaction. Refer to Note 13 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Refer to the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis and pages 133-142 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Refer to Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certifications furnished by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively.

The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Deficiencies or lapses in internal controls may occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal control in the future and collateral consequences therefrom. Refer to “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 161 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information. There was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2026, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Refer to the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Refer to Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9–31 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page 79 of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain risk factors affecting the Firm.

Supervision and regulation

Refer to the Supervision and regulation section on pages 2-6 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for information on Supervision and Regulation.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Repurchases under the common share repurchase program

Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 33-40 of this Form 10-Q and pages 89–99 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for information regarding repurchases under the Firm’s common share repurchase program.

On July 1, 2025, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a new $50 billion common share repurchase program, effective July 1, 2025.

Shares repurchased pursuant to the common share repurchase program during the three months ended March 31, 2026 were as follows:

(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions.

(b)Represents the amount remaining under the $50 billion repurchase program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Trading arrangements

The following table provides information concerning Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted in the first quarter of 2026, by any director or officer who is subject to the filing requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (each a "Section 16 Director or Officer"). These trading arrangements are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). Certain of the Firm's Section 16 Directors or Officers may participate in employee stock purchase plans, 401(k) plans or dividend reinvestment plans of the Firm that have been designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c). No non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were adopted by any Section 16 Director or Officer during the first quarter of 2026. Additionally, no Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were terminated by any Section 16 Director or Officer in the first quarter of 2026.

Name Title Adoption date Duration(a) Aggregate number of shares to be sold

Stacey Friedman General Counsel February 11, 2026 February 11, 2026 – June 30, 2026 10,935

(a)Sales under the trading arrangement will not commence until completion of the required cooling off period under Rule 10b5-1. Subject to compliance with Rule 10b5-1, duration could cease earlier than the final date shown above to the extent that the aggregate number of shares to be sold under the trading arrangement have been sold.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit

(15) Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information.(a) (22) Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities.(a) 31.1 Certification.(a) 31.2 Certification.(a) (32) Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(b) 101.INS The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.(c) 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.(a) 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.(a) 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.(a) 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.(a) 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.(a) (104) Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).

(a)Filed herewith.

(b)Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

(c)Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

Item 1. Financial Statements

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

(a)The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorganChase. The assets and liabilities in the table below include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. Refer to Note 13 for a further discussion.

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Refer to the Glossary of Terms and Acronyms on pages 170-176 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Note 1 – Basis of presentation

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorganChase” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Refer to Note 25 for further discussion of the Firm's reportable business segments.

The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.

The preparation of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included such that this interim financial information is fairly stated.

These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included in JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K.

Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorganChase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorganChase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.

The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity.

Refer to Notes 1 and 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further description of JPMorganChase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation.

Offsetting assets and liabilities

U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities sold and purchased under repurchase agreements and securities borrowed or loaned under securities loan agreements to be presented net when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information on offsetting assets and liabilities.

Note 2 – Fair value measurement

Refer to Note 2 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.

(a)At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, included total U.S. GSE obligations of $169.2 billion and $158.4 billion, respectively, which were mortgage-related.

(b)Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. “Net realizable value” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, net realizable value approximates fair value for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when net realizable value is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in

fair value. Refer to Note 4 for a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.

(c)Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).

(d)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $1.0 billion, primarily reported in other assets.

(e)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.

Level 3 valuations

Refer to Note 2 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.

The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and the weighted or arithmetic averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.

In the Firm’s view, the input range, weighted and arithmetic average values do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of

the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted and arithmetic average values will therefore vary from period-to-period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.

(a)The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets. Furthermore, the inputs presented for each valuation technique in the table are, in some cases, not applicable to every instrument valued using the technique as the characteristics of the instruments can differ.

(b)Comprises U.S. GSE and government agency securities of $268 million, nonagency securities of $5 million and non-trading loans of $644 million.

(c)Comprises trading loans of $93 million and non-trading loans of $1.1 billion.

(d)Comprises trading loans of $958 million and non-trading loans of $1.4 billion.

(e)Long-term debt, short-term borrowings and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are financial instruments that typically contain embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes includes the derivative features embedded within the instrument. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.

(f)Includes equity securities of $938 million, including $765 million in Other assets, for which quoted prices are not readily available and the fair value is generally based on internal valuation techniques such as EBITDA multiples and comparable analysis. All other level 3 assets and liabilities are insignificant both individually and in aggregate.

(g)Price is a significant unobservable input for certain instruments. When quoted market prices are not readily available, reliance is generally placed on price-based internal valuation techniques. The price input is expressed assuming a par value of $100.

(h)Forward equity price is expressed as a percentage of the current equity price.

(i)Amounts represent weighted averages except for derivative related inputs where arithmetic averages are used.

Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs

Refer to Note 2 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions.

Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements

The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. The Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.

(a)Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 1% at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Level 3 liabilities at fair value as a percentage of total Firm liabilities at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 6% and 9% at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

(b)All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.

(c)Primarily reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for CCB mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(d)Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities are reported in investment securities gains/(losses). Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on level 3 AFS securities were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(e)Changes in fair value for MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(f)Realized (gains)/losses due to DVA for fair value option elected liabilities are reported in principal transactions revenue, and were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Unrealized (gains)/losses are reported in OCI, and were $(445) million and $(73) million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

(g)Loan originations are included in purchases.

(h)Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs and other items.

Level 3 analysis

Consolidated balance sheets changes

The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2025, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 95 for further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Three months ended March 31, 2026

Level 3 assets were $28.0 billion at March 31, 2026, reflecting an increase of $2.9 billion from December 31, 2025.

The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was driven by higher:

• Gross derivative receivables of $3.0 billion due to gains, purchases and net transfers partially offset by settlements.

Refer to the sections below for additional information.

Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, there were no significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 or from level 3 into level 2.

All transfers are based on changes in the observability and/or significance of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.

Gains and losses

The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. These amounts exclude any effects of the Firm’s risk management activities where the financial instruments are classified as level 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 91-94 for further information on these instruments.

Three months ended March 31, 2026

• $2.9 billion of net gains on assets, driven by gains in net derivative receivables due to market movements.
• $1.3 billion of net gains on liabilities, predominantly driven by gains in long-term debt due to market movements.

Three months ended March 31, 2025

• $2.5 billion of net gains on assets, driven by gains in net derivative receivables due to market movements partially offset by losses on MSRs reflecting faster prepayment speeds on lower rates.
• $127 million of net net gains on liabilities, driven by gains in long-term debt due to market movements partially offset by losses in deposits and short-term borrowings due to market movements.

Refer to Note 14 for information on MSRs.

Credit and funding adjustments — derivatives

The following table provides the gains/(losses) resulting from credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The FVA presented below includes the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.

Refer to Note 2 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information about both credit and funding adjustments, as well as information about valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

The following tables present the assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, for which nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.

(a)Included equity securities without readily determinable fair values that were adjusted based on observable price changes in orderly transactions from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative). Of the $425 million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2026, $373 million related to equity securities adjusted based on the measurement alternative. These equity securities are classified as level 3 due to the infrequency of the observable prices and/or the restrictions on the shares.

Nonrecurring fair value changes

The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which fair value adjustments have been recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, related to assets and liabilities held at those dates.

(a)Included $121 million and $34 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, of net gains/(losses) as a result of the measurement alternative.

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values

The Firm measures certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (i.e., measurement alternative), with such changes recognized in other income.

In its determination of the new carrying values upon observable price changes, the Firm may adjust the prices if deemed necessary to arrive at the Firm’s estimated fair values. Such adjustments may include adjustments to reflect the different rights and obligations of similar securities, and other adjustments that are consistent with the Firm’s valuation techniques for private equity direct investments.

The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable.

(a)The carrying value as of December 31, 2025 was $4.9 billion. The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.

(b)The cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2026 were $1.5 billion.

(c)The cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2026 were $(1.5) billion.

Included in other assets above is the Firm’s interest in approximately 18.6 million Visa Class B-2 common shares ("Visa B-2 shares") reflected in the Firm's principal investment portfolio at both March 31, 2026 and 2025.

The Visa B-2 shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and are convertible into Visa Class A common shares (“Visa A shares”) at a specified conversion rate upon final resolution of certain litigation matters involving Visa. The conversion rate of Visa B-2 shares to Visa A shares was 1.5075 at March 31, 2026 and may be adjusted by Visa depending on developments related to the litigation matters. The outcome of those litigation matters, and the effect that the resolution of those matters may have on the conversion rate, is unknown. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2026, there is significant uncertainty regarding when the transfer restrictions on Visa B-2 shares may be terminated and what the final conversion rate for the Visa B-2 shares will be. As a result of these considerations, as well as differences in voting rights, Visa B-2 shares are not considered to be similar to Visa A shares, and are held at their nominal carryover basis.

On April 13, 2026, Visa commenced an exchange offer expiring May 8, 2026 for any and all outstanding shares of Visa Class B-1 common stock ("Visa B-1 shares") and Visa B-2 shares. Holders participating in the exchange offer would receive a combination of Visa Class B-3 common stock (“Visa B-3 shares”) and Visa Class C common stock (“Visa C shares”) in exchange for Visa B-1 shares or Visa B-2 shares that are validly tendered and accepted for exchange by Visa. The Firm has tendered its 18.6 million Visa B-2 shares, and that tender is pending Visa’s acceptance. In exchange for each Visa B-2 share that is validly tendered and accepted for exchange by Visa, the Firm would receive one half of a newly issued Visa B-3 share and newly issued Visa C shares in an amount equivalent to one half of a Visa B-2 share. Upon acceptance by Visa of the Firm’s tender, the Visa C shares received by the Firm would be recognized at fair value, which is expected to result in a gain that may be recorded as early as the second quarter of 2026. The Visa B-3 shares would continue to be held at their nominal carrying value and would continue to be subject to transfer restrictions. The Firm would be entitled to sell the Visa C shares received after a brief lock-up period expires. Visa is also authorized to extend offers for potential future exchanges, each enabling the release of additional Visa B shares if certain conditions are met. The timing of future exchange offers is dependent upon actions taken by Visa and other factors that are outside of the Firm’s control.

Separately, in connection with sales of Visa B shares prior to 2024, the Firm has entered into derivative instruments with the purchasers of the shares under which the Firm retains the risk associated with changes in the conversion rate. As of March 31, 2026, the Firm held derivative instruments associated with 11.6 million Visa B-2 shares related to Visa B share sales prior to 2024, which are all subject to similar terms and conditions. Refer to page 193 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information.

Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value

The following table presents, by fair value hierarchy classification, the carrying values and estimated fair values at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy.

(a)Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. Carrying value of the loan takes into account the loan’s allowance for loan losses, which represents the loan’s expected credit losses over its remaining expected life. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a loan is generally attributable to changes in market interest rates, including credit spreads, market liquidity premiums and other factors that affect the fair value of a loan but do not affect its carrying value.

(b)Excludes lending-related commitments disclosed in the table below.

The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of these wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.

(a)Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.

(b)Includes the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments.

The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments with or without notice to the borrower, as permitted by law, or in accordance with the contract. Refer to page 176 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments.

Note 3 – Fair value option

The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments.

The Firm has elected to measure certain instruments at fair value for several reasons including to mitigate income statement volatility caused by the differences between the measurement basis of elected instruments (e.g., certain instruments that otherwise would be accounted for on an accrual basis) and the associated risk management arrangements that are accounted for on a fair value basis, as well as to better reflect those instruments that are managed on a fair value basis.

The Firm’s election of fair value includes the following instruments:

• Loans purchased or originated as part of securitization warehousing activity, subject to bifurcation accounting, or managed on a fair value basis, including lending-related commitments
• Certain securities financing agreements
• Owned beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that contain embedded credit derivatives, which would otherwise be required to be separately accounted for as a derivative instrument
• Structured notes and other hybrid instruments, which are predominantly financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives, that are issued or transacted as part of client-driven activities
• Certain long-term beneficial interests issued by CIB’s consolidated securitization trusts where the underlying assets are carried at fair value

Changes in fair value under the fair value option election

The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.

(a)Unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are recorded in OCI, while realized gains/(losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. Realized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk recorded in principal transactions revenue were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(b)Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relates to structured notes. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.

(c)Reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(d)Reported in other income.

(e)Changes in fair value exclude contractual interest, which is included in interest income and interest expense for all instruments other than certain hybrid financial instruments in CIB. Refer to Note 6 for further information regarding interest income and interest expense.

Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.

(a)These balances are excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.

(b)There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(c)Includes loans insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies less than 90 days past due.

(d)Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests. Unlike principal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but for structured notes to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal-protected notes.

(e)Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the contractual amount of lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $21.6 billion and $18.9 billion, respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $82 million and $42 million, respectively. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K, and Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments.

Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component

The following table presents the fair value of structured notes, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.

(a)Excludes deposits linked to precious metals for which the fair value option has not been elected of $3.2 billion and $2.8 billion for the periods ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Note 4 – Derivative instruments

JPMorganChase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. Refer to Note 5 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments.

The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in

hedge accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage risks associated with specified assets and liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.

The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.

Notional amount of derivative contracts

The following table summarizes the notional amount of free-standing derivative contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(a)Refer to the Credit derivatives discussion on pages 111-112 for more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts.

(b)Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.

While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative contracts, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is simply a reference amount used to calculate payments.

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated balance sheets

The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.

(a)Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further information.

(b)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.

Derivatives netting

The following tables present, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty, have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables.

In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:

• collateral that consists of liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians, which are shown separately as "Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets" in the tables, up to the fair value exposure amount. For the purpose of this disclosure, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule;
• the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables; and
• collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables.

(a)Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.

(b)Includes liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.

(c)Derivative collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.

(d)Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $58.7 billion and $54.7 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $61.5 billion and $56.5 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Derivative cash collateral relates to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.

Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features

Refer to Note 5 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts.

The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined rating threshold is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payment requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.

(a)Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.

(b)Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income

The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.

Fair value hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the related hedged item.

(a)Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.

(b)Includes the amortization of income/expense associated with the inception hedge accounting adjustment applied to the hedged item. Excludes the accrual of interest on interest rate swaps and the related hedged items.

(c)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items due to changes in foreign currency rates and the income statement impact of excluded components were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.

(d)Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value (net realizable value approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

(e)The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts, time values and cross-currency basis spreads. Excluded components may impact earnings either through amortization of the initial amount over the life of the derivative, or through fair value changes recognized in the current period.

(f)Represents the change in value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness under the amortization approach, predominantly cross-currency basis spreads. The amount excluded at inception of the hedge is recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets related to certain cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that are expected to reverse through the income statement in future periods as an adjustment to yield.

(a)Excludes physical commodities with a carrying value of $14.3 billion and $22.9 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, to which the Firm applies fair value hedge accounting. As a result of the application of hedge accounting, these inventories are carried at fair value, thus recognizing unrealized gains and losses in current periods. Since the Firm exits these positions at fair value, there is no incremental impact to net income in future periods.

(b)Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the income statement in future periods. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying amount excluded for AFS securities was $41.3 billion and $33.6 billion, respectively. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying amount excluded for long-term debt was $577 million and $587 million, respectively.

(c)Carrying amount represents the amortized cost, net of allowance if applicable. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost of the portfolio layer method closed portfolios was $82.1 billion and $91.9 billion, of which $65.7 billion and $68.9 billion was designated as hedged, respectively. The amount designated as hedged is the sum of the notional amounts of all outstanding layers in each portfolio, which includes both spot starting and forward starting layers. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the cumulative amount of basis adjustments was $(399) million and $(32) million, which is comprised of $179 million and $641 million for active hedging relationships, and $(578) million and $(673) million for discontinued hedging relationships, respectively. Refer to Note 9 for additional information.

(d)Positive (negative) amounts related to assets represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will reduce (increase) net interest income in future periods. Positive (negative) amounts related to liabilities represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will increase (reduce) net interest income in future periods.

(e)Represents basis adjustments existing on the balance sheet date associated with hedged items that have been de-designated from qualifying fair value hedging relationships.

Cash flow hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Firm includes the gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the change in cash flows on the related hedged item.

(a)Primarily consists of hedges of SOFR-indexed and Prime-indexed floating-rate assets. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.

(b)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.

The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $(1.5) billion (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at March 31, 2026, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For cash flow hedges that have been terminated, the maximum length of time over which the derivative results recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings is approximately ten years, corresponding to the timing of the originally hedged forecasted cash flows. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately ten years. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.

Net investment hedge gains and losses

The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(a)Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. The changes in fair value of these amounts are recorded in net interest income.

(b)Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income associated with net investment hedges. There were no sales or liquidations of legal entities that resulted in reclassifications for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Refer to Note 19 for further information.

Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes

The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from mortgage commitments, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, and foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities.

(a)Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.

(b)Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

(c)Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

(d)Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives

The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of clients and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Note 5 for information on principal transactions revenue.

Credit derivatives

Refer to Note 5 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives. The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.

(a)Other credit derivatives predominantly consist of credit swap options and total return swaps.

(b)Predominantly represents Other protection purchased by CIB.

(c)Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.

(d)Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.

(e)Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument. Also includes credit protection against certain loans and lending-related commitments in the retained lending portfolio through the issuance of credit derivatives and credit-related notes.

The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings, maturity profile, and total fair value, of credit derivatives as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, where JPMorganChase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives where JPMorganChase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.

(a)The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.

(b)Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements including cash collateral netting.

Note 5 – Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense

Noninterest revenue

Refer to Note 6 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue.

Investment banking fees

The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.

Principal transactions

The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue by instrument type. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities recorded within net interest income. Refer to Note 6 for further information on interest income and interest expense.

The Firm’s businesses and other activities generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their transactions; accordingly, the principal transactions revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual business or activity.

(a)Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.

(b)Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.

Lending- and deposit-related fees

The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.

Deposit-related fees include the impact of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees.

Asset management fees

The following table presents the components of asset management fees.

Commissions and other fees

The following table presents the components of commissions and other fees.

(a)Includes depositary receipt-related service fees, annuity and travel-related sales commissions, as well as other service fees, which are recognized as revenue when the services are rendered.

Mortgage fees and related income: refer to Note 14 for additional information.

Card income

The following table presents the components of card income.

(a)Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees, which are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period.

Other income

The following table presents certain components of other income.

(a)Relates to the settlement of outstanding items with the FDIC in 2025.

Refer to Note 16 for information on operating lease income included within other income.

First Republic-related gain: On January 17, 2025, the Firm reached an agreement with the FDIC with respect to certain outstanding items related to the First Republic acquisition. As a result of the agreement, the Firm made a payment of $609 million to the FDIC on January 31, 2025 and reduced its additional payable to the FDIC, which resulted in a gain of $588 million recorded in other income in the first quarter of 2025. In addition, as of June 30, 2025, all outstanding matters between the Firm and the FDIC related to the final settlement of the purchase price for the First Republic acquisition had been resolved. Refer to Note 34 on pages 312–314 of the Firm’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

Noninterest expense

Other expense

Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income includes the following:

(a)Included an FDIC special assessment accrual release of $323 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Note 6 – Interest income and interest expense

Refer to Note 7 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a description of JPMorganChase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense.

The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense.

(a)Includes the amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts, as well as net deferred fees and costs on loans.

(b)Represents securities that are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(c)Includes interest earned on brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities includes interest expense on brokerage-related customer payables.

Note 7 – Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans

Refer to Note 8 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of JPMorganChase’s pension and OPEB plans.

The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair values of plan assets for the Firm’s significant defined benefit pension and OPEB plans were $22.8 billion and $23.6 billion, respectively.

Note 8 – Employee share-based incentives

Refer to Note 9 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee share-based incentives.

The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.

In the first quarter of 2026, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2025 performance year, the Firm granted 12 million RSUs and 370 thousand PSUs with weighted-average grant date fair values of $305.68 per RSU and $306.51 per PSU.

Note 9 – Investment securities

Investment securities consist of debt securities that are classified as AFS or HTM. Debt securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO in connection with its asset-liability management activities. At March 31, 2026, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit

rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).

Refer to Note 10 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio.

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.

(a)Represents the amount of portfolio layer method basis adjustments related to AFS securities hedged in a closed portfolio. Under U.S. GAAP portfolio layer method basis adjustments are not allocated to individual securities, however, the amounts impact the unrealized gains or losses in the table for the types of securities being hedged. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.

(b)The Firm purchased $19.6 billion and $1.6 billion of HTM securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 respectively.

(c)The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $78 million and $106 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

(d)Excludes $5.2 billion and $4.6 billion of accrued interest receivable at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Firm did not reverse through interest income any accrued interest receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for accrued interest receivable on investment securities.

AFS securities impairment

The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses by aging category for AFS securities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The tables exclude U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS with unrealized losses of $2.9 billion and $2.2 billion, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively; changes in the value of these securities are generally driven by changes in interest rates rather than changes in their credit profile given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.

HTM securities – credit risk

Credit quality indicator

The primary credit quality indicator for HTM securities is the risk rating assigned to each security. At both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, all HTM securities were rated investment grade and were current and accruing, with approximately 99% rated at least AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).

Allowance for credit losses on investment securities

The allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $78 million and $118 million as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, which included the impact of $31 million and $17 million, respectively, of reduction in the allowance related to sales of a corporate debt security.

Refer to Note 10 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for AFS and HTM securities.

Selected impacts of investment securities on the Consolidated statements of income

Contractual maturities and yields

The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at March 31, 2026, of JPMorganChase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.

(a)Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives, including closed portfolio hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid. However, for certain callable debt securities, the average yield is calculated to the earliest call date.

(b)For purposes of this table, the amortized cost of available-for-sale securities excludes the allowance for credit losses of $22 million and the portfolio layer fair value hedge basis adjustments of $179 million at March 31, 2026. The amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities also excludes the allowance for credit losses of $56 million at March 31, 2026.

(c)Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately seven years for agency residential MBS, six years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations, and four years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.

Note 10 – Securities financing activities

Refer to Note 11 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 23 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.

The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to a master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparty to reduce the economic exposure with

the counterparty, but such collateral is not eligible for net Consolidated balance sheet presentation. Where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the counterparty master netting agreement, such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented in the table below as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below. In transactions where the Firm is acting as the lender in a securities-for-securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, the Firm recognizes the securities received at fair value within other assets and the obligation to return those securities within accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(a)Includes securities-for-securities lending agreements of $10.7 billion and $6.6 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender.

(b)In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related net asset or liability with that counterparty.

(c)Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, included $9.0 billion and $9.4 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $46.0 billion and $44.0 billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $36.2 billion and $34.9 billion, respectively, of securities sold under repurchase agreements; and securities loaned and other which were not material.

The tables below present as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.

Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Firm held $790 million and $787 million, respectively, of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded primarily in short-term borrowings and long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets.

Note 11 – Loans

Loan accounting framework

The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:

• Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”)
• Loans held-for-sale
• Loans at fair value

Refer to Note 12 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies. Refer to Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm's elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. Refer to Note 2 of this Form 10-Q for information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.

Loan portfolio

The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.

Consumer, excluding credit card Credit card Wholesale(c)(d)

• Residential real estate(a)
• Auto and other(b)
• Credit card loans
• Secured by real estate
• Commercial and industrial
• Other(e)

(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.

(b)Includes scored auto, business banking and consumer unsecured loans as well as overdrafts, primarily in CCB.

(c)Includes loans held in CIB, AWM, Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.

(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") in effect at each period presented, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.

(e)Includes loans to financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, nonprofits, as well as loans to SPEs. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.

The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.

(a)Excludes $7.0 billion of accrued interest receivables at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Firm wrote off accrued interest receivables of $17 million and $28 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

(b)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs, which were not material as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. For the discount associated with First Republic loans, refer to Note 34 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K.

The following tables provide information about the amounts paid or received for retained loans purchased and sold

during the periods indicated. Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated are reported

at the lower of cost or market value on the date of transfer. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a

subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of these tables.

(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.

(b)Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.

(c)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $911 million and $216 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.

Gains and losses on sales of loans

The following table provides information on the net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value), which were recognized in noninterest revenue. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.

(a)Includes $72 million and $(70) million related to loans for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio

Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of scored residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto and business banking loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. These loans include home equity loans secured by junior liens and prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period.

The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.

Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for further information on consumer credit quality indicators.

Residential real estate

Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained residential real estate loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.

(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(b)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.

(c)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.

Approximately 36% of the total revolving loans are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien loans. The lien position the Firm holds is considered in the Firm’s allowance for credit losses. Revolving loans that have been converted to term loans have higher delinquency rates than those that are still within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for revolving loans within the revolving period.

Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.

(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At March 31, 2026, approximately 10% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.

(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $36 million and $37 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

(e)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.

(f)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

(g)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.

(h)Included U.S. government-guaranteed loans as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.

(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at March 31, 2026.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of residential real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Firm's proprietary modification programs as well as government programs, including U.S. GSE programs, that generally provide various modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment deferral and principal forgiveness that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement, are considered FDMs. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for further information.

Financial effects of FDMs

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, retained residential real estate FDMs were $159 million, which included $128 million of FDMs in the form of other-than-insignificant payment deferrals. These other-than-insignificant payment deferrals were predominantly driven by loans previously in forbearance due to the California wildfires in January 2025 that were converted to payment deferral modification programs during the current quarter. The financial effects of the remaining FDMs, which were largely in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by approximately 18 years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.33% to 6.78%.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, retained residential real estate FDMs were $61 million. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were largely in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by approximately 15 years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.41% to 6.18%.

As of March 31, 2026, there were no additional unfunded commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs, while not material as of December 31, 2025.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, loans subject to a trial modification, where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified, and Chapter 7 loans were not material.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained residential real estate FDMs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Defaults of FDMs

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, defaults of retained residential real estate FDMs that had been modified within twelve months were not material.

Active and suspended foreclosure

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Firm had retained residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $546 million and $575 million, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.

Auto and other

Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained auto and other loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.

Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and geographic region as a credit quality indicator for retained auto and other consumer loans.

(a)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(c)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at March 31, 2026.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of auto and other loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, retained auto and other FDMs were not material.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no additional unfunded commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs.

Credit card loan portfolio

The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans.

Refer to Note 12 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for further information on the credit card loan portfolio, including credit quality indicators.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.

Other credit quality indicators

The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.

(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at March 31, 2026.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of credit card loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may involve placing the customer’s credit card account on a fixed payment plan, generally for 60 months, which typically includes reducing the interest rate on the credit card account. If the borrower does not make the contractual payments when due under the modified payment terms, the credit card loan continues to age and will be charged-off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy. In most cases, the Firm does not reinstate the borrower's line of credit.

Financial effects of FDMs

The following tables provide information on retained credit card FDMs.

(a)Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer's credit card account on a fixed payment plan.

(b)The interest rates represent weighted average at the time of modification.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained credit card FDMs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Defaults of FDMs

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, defaults of retained credit card FDMs that had been modified within twelve months were $99 million and were in the form of a combination of term extension and interest rate reduction, while not material for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

For credit card loans modified as FDMs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the borrower misses two consecutive contractual payments. Defaulted modified credit card loans remain in the modification program and continue to be charged off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy.

Wholesale loan portfolio

Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to small businesses and high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the internal risk rating assigned to each loan. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information on these risk ratings.

The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs for retained wholesale loans.

(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, nonprofits, as well as loans to SPEs. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, predominantly consisted of $246.9 billion and $245.1 billion, respectively, to financial institutions, which includes loans to certain SPEs, primarily asset securitizations; $147.2 billion and $141.1 billion, respectively, to individuals and individual entities; and $7.6 billion and $7.4 billion, respectively, to other SPEs. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.

(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, nonprofits, as well as loans to SPEs. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.

The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination.

Geographic distribution and delinquency

The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.

(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.

(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.

Nonaccrual loans

The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.

(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of wholesale loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which generally align with loans graded substandard or worse consistent with the U.S. banking regulators’ definition of criticized exposures.

Financial effects of FDMs

The following tables provide information on retained wholesale loan modifications considered FDMs during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(a)Includes a loan with single modification.

(a)Includes loans with a single modification.

(a)Includes loans with single and multiple modifications.

(a)Includes loans with a single modification.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained wholesale FDMs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Defaults of FDMs

The following table provides information on defaults of retained wholesale FDMs that had been modified within twelve months during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(a)Represents FDMs that were 30 days or more past due.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, additional unfunded commitments on modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were $930 million and $2.8 billion, respectively, in Commercial and industrial, and $11 million and $73 million, respectively, in Other. Additional unfunded commitments on modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs in Secured by real estate were not material at both periods.

Note 12 – Allowance for credit losses

The Firm's allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.

Refer to Note 13 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies.

Allowance for credit losses and related information

The table below summarizes information about the allowances for credit losses and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K and Note 9 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the allowance for credit losses on investment securities.

On January 7, 2026, JPMorganChase announced that Chase will become the new issuer of Apple Card. The Firm entered into a forward purchase commitment on December 30, 2025 to acquire the Apple credit card portfolio (the “Apple Card transaction”), with an expected closing date approximately 24 months thereafter. Refer to Notes 4, 13, 27 and 28 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

(a)At March 31, 2026 and 2025, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $286 million and $283 million, respectively, associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB.

(b)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans.

(c)The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(d)At March 31, 2026 and 2025, lending-related commitments excluded $21.9 billion and $20.3 billion, respectively, for the consumer, excluding credit card portfolio segment; $1.2 trillion and $1.0 trillion, respectively, for the credit card portfolio segment; and $48.7 billion and $26.3 billion, respectively, for the wholesale portfolio segment, which were not subject to the allowance for lending-related commitments.

(e)Represents the impact of the Apple Card transaction.

(f)Included approximately $23 billion related to the Apple Card transaction. Refer to Note 13 of the Firm's 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

Discussion of changes in the allowance

The allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2026 was $31.4 billion, reflecting a net addition of $154 million from December 31, 2025.

The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included:

• $321 million in wholesale, largely driven by changes in the credit quality of certain exposures, and
• a net reduction of $139 million in consumer, predominantly driven by improvements in home prices.

The Firm's qualitative adjustments and its weighted-average macroeconomic outlook continued to include additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios to reflect ongoing uncertainties and downside risks related to the geopolitical and macroeconomic environment.

The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the following table, resulting in:

• a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.6% in the first quarter of 2027, and
• a weighted average U.S. real GDP level that is 2.2% lower than the central case at the end of the second quarter of 2027.

The following table presents the Firm’s central case assumptions for the periods presented:

(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.

(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.

Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.

Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.

Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.

Note 13 – Variable interest entities

Refer to Note 1 and Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further description of the Firm's accounting policies regarding consolidation of and involvement with VIEs.

The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorganChase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorganChase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorganChase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorganChase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.

In addition, CIB also invests in and provides financing, lending-related services and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties. Refer to pages 145-146 of this Note for more information on the VIEs sponsored by third parties.

Significant Firm-sponsored VIEs

Credit card securitizations

As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trust, the Chase Issuance Trust.

Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts

The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.

The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules),

recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests. Refer to page 148 of this Note for information on the securitization-related loan delinquencies and liquidation losses.

(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.

(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.

(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $4.2 billion and $188 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and subordinated securities of $250 million and $56 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.

(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.

(e)At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 72% and 74%, respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $3.4 billion and $3.5 billion of investment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and $591 million and $525 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $5.5 billion and $6.2 billion of investment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion of noninvestment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Residential mortgage

The Firm securitizes residential mortgage loans originated by CCB, as well as residential mortgage loans purchased from third parties by either CCB or CIB.

Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations

CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts.

Re-securitizations

The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.

In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Firm transferred $937 million of private-label securities to re-securitization VIEs. The Firm did not transfer any private-label securities to re-securitization VIEs during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and retained interests in any such Firm-sponsored VIEs as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were not material.

The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Firm did not consolidate any U.S. GSE and government agency re-securitization VIEs. As of March 31, 2026, the Firm consolidated an insignificant amount of assets and liabilities of Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization VIEs. As of December 31, 2025, the Firm did not consolidate any Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization VIEs.

Multi-seller conduits

In the normal course of business, JPMorganChase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $2.2 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. Other than the amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, the Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.

Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded commitments were $10.5 billion and $9.9 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments in other unfunded commitments to extend credit. Refer to Note 22 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.

Municipal bond vehicles

Municipal bond vehicles or tender option bond (“TOB”) trusts allow institutions to finance their municipal bond investments at short-term rates. TOB transactions are known as customer TOB trusts and non-customer TOB trusts. Customer TOB trusts are sponsored by a third party.

The Firm serves as sponsor for all non-customer TOB transactions.

Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.

(b)Primarily includes consumer loans in CIB.

(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other asset line items on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(d)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.

(e)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified on the Consolidated balance sheets as “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorganChase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $6.0 billion at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

VIEs sponsored by third parties

The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm generally does not consolidate the VIE, but it records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.

Tax credit vehicles

The Firm holds investments in unconsolidated tax credit vehicles, which are limited partnerships and similar entities that own and operate affordable housing, alternative energy, and other projects. These entities are primarily considered VIEs. A third party is typically the general partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the tax credit vehicles, and accordingly the Firm does not consolidate tax credit vehicles. The Firm generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the maximum loss exposure, represented by equity investments and funding commitments, was $38.6 billion and $38.1 billion, of which $16.7 billion and $16.4 billion was unfunded, respectively. The Firm assesses each project and to reduce the risk of loss, may withhold varying amounts of its capital investment until the project qualifies for tax credits. Refer to Note 22 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.

The Firm elected the proportional amortization method for certain tax-oriented investments on a program-by-program basis. The proportional amortization method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Investments must meet certain criteria to be eligible, including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits.

In addition, under this method deferred taxes are generally not recorded as the investment is now amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received. Delayed equity contributions that are unconditional and legally binding or conditional and probable of occurring are recorded in other liabilities with a corresponding increase in the carrying value of the investment. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project. During the period, there were no significant modifications or events that resulted in a change in the nature of an eligible investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project.

The following table provides information on tax-oriented investments for which the Firm elected to apply the proportional amortization method.

(a)Recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets. Excludes programs to which the Firm does not apply the proportional amortization method, such as historic tax credit and new market tax credit programs.

(b)Reflected in Income tax expense on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows. Additionally, the Firm recognized $277 million and $279 million of income tax credits along with $(306) million and $(341) million of amortization losses from investments in programs for which the Firm elected proportional amortization but the investments did not meet certain eligibility criteria for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Those amounts were recorded on a net basis in Other income on the Consolidated statements of income and in Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.

(c)Recorded in Other income on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows. Refer to Note 6 for further information.

Customer municipal bond vehicles (TOB trusts)

The Firm may provide various services to customer TOB trusts, including remarketing agent, liquidity or tender option provider. In certain customer TOB transactions, the Firm, as liquidity provider, has entered into a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder.

In those transactions, upon the termination of the vehicle, the Firm has recourse to the third-party Residual holders for any shortfall. The Firm does not have any intent to protect Residual holders from potential losses on any of the underlying municipal bonds. The Firm does not consolidate customer TOB trusts, since the Firm does not have the power to make decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of the municipal bond vehicle.

The Firm’s maximum exposure as a liquidity provider to customer TOB trusts at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was $7.5 billion and $7.7 billion, respectively. The fair value of assets held by such VIEs at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was $10.1 billion and $10.5 billion, respectively.

Loan securitizations

The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgages, credit card receivables, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans.

Securitization activity

The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.

(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.

(b)Primarily includes Level 2 assets.

(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(e)Includes commercial mortgages and auto loans.

Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines

In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. GSEs. These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. Refer to Note 22 for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications and Note 14 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of certain excess MSRs.

The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.

(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.

(b)Included in level 2 assets.

(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.

(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.

(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

Options to repurchase delinquent loans

In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 22, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding liability. Refer to Note 11 for additional information.

The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.

(a)Primarily all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.

(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.

Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses

The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. For loans sold or securitized where servicing is the Firm’s only form of continuing involvement, the Firm generally experiences a loss only if the Firm was required to repurchase a delinquent loan or foreclosed asset due to a breach in representations and warranties associated with its loan sale or servicing contracts.

Note 14 – Goodwill and mortgage servicing rights

Refer to Note 15 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets and the related accounting policies.

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded upon completion of a business combination as the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and can be adjusted up to one year from the acquisition date as additional information pertaining to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date is obtained about the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The following table presents goodwill attributed to the reportable business segments and Corporate.

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.

(a)Primarily foreign currency adjustments.

Goodwill impairment testing

Goodwill is tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be an impairment.

Unanticipated declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.

As of March 31, 2026, the Firm reviewed current economic conditions, estimated market cost of equity, as well as actual business results and projections of business performance. Based on such reviews, the Firm has concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

Mortgage servicing rights

MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. Refer to Notes 2 and 15 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs.

The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(a)Includes purchase price adjustments associated with purchased MSRs, primarily due to loans that prepaid within 90 days of settlement or did not meet certain criteria and were removed from the purchase prior to the transfer date, allowing the Firm to recover the purchase price.

(b)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.

(c)Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.

(d)Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.

The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(a)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.

(b)Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).

Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In the following table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which would either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.

The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.

(a)Includes the impact of operational risk and regulatory capital.

Note 15 – Deposits

Refer to Note 17 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information on deposits.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows:

(a)Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, time deposits in denominations that met or exceeded the insured limit were as follows:

(a)Represents all time deposits in non-U.S. offices as these deposits typically exceed the insured limit.

As of March 31, 2026, the remaining maturities of interest-bearing time deposits in each of the 12-month periods ending March 31 were as follows:

Note 16 – Leases

Refer to Note 18 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further discussion on leases.

Firm as lessee

At March 31, 2026, JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries were obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases for premises and equipment used primarily for business purposes.

Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term.

The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:

The Firm’s net rental expense was $601 million and $573 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Firm as lessor

The Firm’s lease financings are predominantly auto operating leases, and are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income, included within other income, and the related depreciation expense, included within technology, communications and equipment expense, on the Consolidated statements of income.

Note 17 – Preferred stock

Refer to Note 21 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further discussion on preferred stock.

The following is a summary of JPMorganChase’s non-cumulative preferred stock outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, and the quarterly dividend declarations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(a)Represented by depositary shares.

(b)Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock converts to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.

(c)References in the table to “SOFR” mean a floating annualized rate equal to three-month term SOFR (plus, in the case of the Series CC preferred stock, a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spreads noted. References to “CMT” mean a floating annualized rate equal to the five-year Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”) rate plus the spreads noted.

(d)The initial dividend declared was prorated based on the number of days outstanding for the period. Dividends were declared quarterly thereafter at the contractual rate.

Each series of preferred stock has a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $10,000, plus accrued but unpaid dividends. The aggregate liquidation value was $20.1 billion at March 31, 2026.

Issuances

On February 4, 2025, the Firm issued $3.0 billion of fixed-rate reset non-cumulative preferred stock, Series OO.

Redemptions

On February 1, 2025, the Firm redeemed all $3.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series HH.

Note 18 – Earnings per share

Refer to Note 23 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Note 19 – Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), fair value changes of excluded components on fair value hedges, cash flow hedging activities, net gain/(loss) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and fair value option-elected liabilities arising from changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA).

(a)Included after-tax net unamortized unrealized losses of $(297) million and $(639) million as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, related to AFS securities that have been transferred to HTM.

The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.

(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in Investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.

(b)Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. There were no sales or liquidations of legal entities that resulted in reclassifications for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(c)Represents changes in fair value of cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in cross-currency basis spreads, which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recorded in other comprehensive income. The initial cost of cross-currency basis spreads is recognized in earnings as part of the accrual of interest on the cross-currency swaps.

(d)The pre-tax amounts are primarily recorded in noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

Note 20 – Restricted cash and other restricted assets

Refer to Note 26 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s restricted cash and other restricted assets.

Certain of the Firm’s cash and other assets are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. These restrictions are imposed by various regulatory authorities based on the particular activities of the Firm’s subsidiaries.

The Firm is also subject to rules and regulations established by U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. As part of its compliance with the respective regulatory requirements, the Firm’s broker-dealer activities are subject to certain restrictions on cash and other assets.

The following table presents the components of the Firm’s restricted cash:

(a)Comprises $25.7 billion and $27.8 billion in deposits with banks, and $1.2 billion and $1.2 billion in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Also, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Firm had the following other restricted assets:

• Cash and securities pledged with clearing organizations for the benefit of customers of $47.1 billion and $44.9 billion, respectively.
• Securities with a fair value of $34.4 billion and $40.8 billion, respectively, in relation to customer activity.

Note 21 – Regulatory capital

Refer to Note 27 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion on regulatory capital.

The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the Firm as a consolidated financial holding company. The OCC establishes similar minimum capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s principal IDI subsidiary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

Under the risk-based capital and leverage-based guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase & Co. is required to maintain minimum ratios for CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital, Tier 1 leverage and the SLR. Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is also subject to these capital requirements established by its primary regulators.

The following table presents the risk-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.

(a)Represents the regulatory capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements each include a respective minimum requirement plus a GSIB surcharge of 4.5% as calculated under Method 2; plus a 2.5% SCB for Standardized ratios and a fixed 2.5% capital conservation buffer for Advanced ratios. The countercyclical buffer is currently set to 0% by the federal banking agencies.

(b)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements include a fixed capital conservation buffer requirement of 2.5% that is applicable to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is not subject to the GSIB surcharge.

(c)Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.

(d)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.

The following table presents the leverage-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The current requirements reflect the eSLR final rule which the Firm early adopted effective January 1, 2026.

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.

(a)For the year ended December 31, 2025, the SLR requirements were 5.0% and 6.0% for BHC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., respectively, with minimum SLR requirement of 3.0% and supplementary leverage buffer requirements of 2.0% and 3.0% for BHC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., respectively.

(b)Represents minimum SLR requirement of 3.0%, as well as supplementary leverage buffer requirements of 1.25% and 1.0% for BHC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., respectively.

(c)The Federal Reserve's regulations do not establish well-capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.

The following tables present risk-based capital metrics under both the Standardized and Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics for JPMorgan Chase & Co. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.

(a)As of March 31, 2026, the impact to the RWA for the Apple Card transaction was approximately $30 billion, which reflects the completion of the necessary modeling steps, as compared to the impact of approximately $110 billion as of December 31, 2025 for both the Firm and Bank. Refer to Note 27 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

(b)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.

(a)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill (inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill) and other intangible assets.

Note 22 – Off–balance sheet lending-related

financial instruments, guarantees, and other

commitments

Generally, JPMorganChase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to address the financing needs of its customers and clients. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the customer or client draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the customer or client subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being fully drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies.

To provide for expected credit losses in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. Refer to Note 12 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.

The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The amounts in the table below for credit card, home equity and certain scored business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these commitments will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can generally reduce or cancel these commitments, in accordance with the contract, or to the extent otherwise permitted by law, including when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower or significant decrease in the value of underlying property.

(a)Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.

(b)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CIB.

(c)Predominantly all consumer and wholesale lending-related commitments are in the U.S.

(d)As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $118 million and $181 million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $11.6 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; $773 million and $514 million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.

(e)As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $474.8 billion and $431.9 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral primarily consists of cash, G7 government securities, and securities issued by U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(f)As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, includes guarantees to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation under the sponsored member repo program and commitments and guarantees associated with the Firm’s membership in certain clearing houses.

(g)As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, primarily includes equity investment commitments, unfunded commitments to purchase secondary market loans, and unfunded commitments related to certain tax-oriented equity investments.

(h)Included approximately $104 billion related to the Apple Card transaction. Refer to Note 28 of the Firm's 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

(i)For lending-related products, the carrying value includes the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, and lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected, the carrying value represents the fair value.

(j)For lending-related commitments, the carrying value also includes fees and any purchase discounts or premiums that are deferred and recognized in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Deferred amounts for revolving commitments and commitments not expected to fund, are amortized to lending- and deposit-related fees on a straight line basis over the commitment period. For all other commitments the deferred amounts remain deferred until the commitment funds or is sold.

(k)Represents the allowance for lending-related commitments related to the Apple Card transaction. Refer to Note 13 of the Firm's 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

Other unfunded commitments to extend credit

Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a client or customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade financings and similar transactions.

The following table summarizes the contractual amount and carrying value of standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit arrangements as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit

(a)The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings. Refer to Note 11 for further information on internal risk ratings.

Derivatives qualifying as guarantees

The Firm transacts in certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information on these derivatives.

The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. Refer to Note 4 for a further discussion of credit derivatives.

Loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications

In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with U.S. GSEs the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements, and that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser if such representations and warranties are breached by the Firm.

The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q and Note 30 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information regarding litigation.

Merchant charge-backs

Under the rules of payment networks, in its role as a merchant acquirer, the Firm's Merchant Services business in CIB Payments, retains a contingent liability for disputed processed credit and debit card transactions that result in a charge-back to the merchant. If a dispute is resolved in the cardholder’s favor, the Firm will (through the cardholder’s issuing bank) credit or refund the amount to the cardholder and will charge back the transaction to the merchant. If the Firm is unable to collect the amount from the merchant, the Firm will bear the loss for the amount credited or refunded to the cardholder. The Firm mitigates this risk by withholding future settlements, retaining cash reserve accounts or obtaining other collateral. In addition, the Firm recognizes a valuation allowance that covers the payment or performance risk related to charge-backs.

Sponsored member repo program

The Firm acts as a sponsoring member to clear eligible overnight and term resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”) on behalf of clients that become sponsored members under the FICC’s rules. The Firm also guarantees to the FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC’s rules. The Firm minimizes its liability under these guarantees by obtaining a security interest in the cash or high-quality securities collateral that the clients place with the clearing house; therefore, the Firm expects the risk of loss to be remote. The Firm’s maximum possible exposure, without taking into consideration the associated collateral, is included in the Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments line on page 160. Refer to Note 11 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on credit risk mitigation practices on resale agreements and the types of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements.

Guarantees of subsidiaries

The Parent Company has guaranteed certain long-term debt and structured notes of its subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a 100%-owned finance subsidiary. All securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company and no other subsidiary of the Parent Company guarantees these securities. These guarantees, which rank pari passu with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, are not included in the table on page 160 of this Note. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

Note 23 – Pledged assets and collateral

Refer to Note 29 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral.

Pledged assets

The Firm pledges financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity at discount windows with Federal Reserve banks, various other central banks and FHLBs. Additionally, the Firm pledges assets for other purposes, including to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are parenthetically identified on the Consolidated balance sheets as assets pledged.

The following table presents the carrying value of the Firm’s pledged assets.

Total pledged assets do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. Refer to Note 13 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 10 for additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt.

Collateral

The Firm accepts financial assets as collateral that it is permitted to sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use. This collateral is generally obtained under resale and other securities financing agreements, prime brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables and derivative contracts. Collateral is generally used under repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits.

The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.

Note 24 – Litigation

Contingencies

As of March 31, 2026, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or respondents in numerous evolving legal proceedings, including private proceedings, public proceedings, government investigations, regulatory enforcement matters, and the matters described below. These range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations and regulatory enforcement matters involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business in several geographies and varied claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.

The Firm estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $1.3 billion at March 31, 2026. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon information available as of that date for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given:

• the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings, including the fact that many are in preliminary stages,
• the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants, including the Firm, whose share of liability (if any) has yet to be determined,
• the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings, including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims, and
• the uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, including where the Firm has made assumptions concerning future rulings by the court or other adjudicator, or about the behavior or incentives of adverse parties or regulatory authorities, and those assumptions later prove to be incorrect.

In addition, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be a result that the Firm did not take into account in its estimate because the Firm had deemed the likelihood of that outcome to be remote. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of

reasonably possible losses will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.

Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.

Amrapali. India’s Enforcement Directorate (“ED”) is investigating J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with investments made in 2010 and 2012 by two offshore funds formerly managed by JPMorganChase entities into residential housing projects developed by the Amrapali Group (“Amrapali”) relating to delays in delivering or failure to deliver residential units. In July 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued an order making preliminary findings that Amrapali and other parties, including unspecified JPMorganChase entities, violated certain criminal currency control and money laundering provisions, and ordered the ED to conduct a further inquiry. The Firm is cooperating with the inquiry. In addition, in August 2021, the ED issued an order fining J.P. Morgan India Private Limited approximately $31.5 million, which the Firm is appealing.

Cash Sweep Related Matters. Putative class actions have been filed against the Firm relating to interest rates paid to non-managed brokerage clients in the Firm’s cash sweep program. The matters have been consolidated in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. In February 2026, the District Court issued a ruling granting, in part, and denying, in part, the Firm’s motion to dismiss, leaving express and implied breach of contract claims. In addition, certain state securities regulators have requested information related to the Firm’s cash sweep program.

Fair Access to Banking. In August 2025, the President of the United States issued an Executive Order entitled “Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans” that addressed access to financial services and directed several actions by certain federal agencies, including a review and revision of their internal policies and manuals. JPMorganChase is responding to requests from government authorities and other external parties regarding, among other things, the Firm’s policies and processes and the provision of services to customers and potential customers. Certain of these matters are at various stages, including reviews, investigations, and legal proceedings. These include a civil lawsuit filed in January 2026 in Florida state court by President Donald J. Trump, in his personal capacity, and several affiliated corporate entities, against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and its CEO, which defendants have removed to federal court and plaintiffs are challenging.

Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain

government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. Among those resolutions, in May 2015, the Firm pleaded guilty to a single violation of federal antitrust law. The Department of Labor ("DOL") granted the Firm exemptions that permit the Firm and its affiliates to continue to rely on the Qualified Professional Asset Manager exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) through the ten-year disqualification period, which began in January 2017. The only remaining FX-related governmental inquiry is a South Africa Competition Commission matter which is currently pending before the South Africa Competition Tribunal.

With respect to civil litigation matters, some FX-related individual and putative class actions filed outside the U.S., including in the U.K., Israel, the Netherlands and Brazil remain. In December 2025, the U.K. Supreme Court confirmed the initial decision of the Competition Appeal Tribunal, which denied a request for class certification on an opt-out basis. In Israel, a settlement in principle has been reached on the putative class action, which remains subject to court approval.

Interchange Litigation. Groups of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and Mastercard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees and enacted related rules in violation of antitrust laws.

In September 2018, the parties settled the class action seeking monetary relief. A separate class action seeking injunctive relief continues. In June 2024, the District Court for the Eastern District of New York denied preliminary approval of a settlement of the injunctive class action in which Visa and Mastercard agreed to certain changes to their respective network rules and system-wide reductions in interchange rates for U.S.-based merchants. In November 2025, the parties to that settlement reached a superseding and amended class settlement and submitted the agreement to the District Court for its approval.

Of the merchants who opted out of the damages class settlement, certain merchants filed individual actions raising similar allegations against Visa and Mastercard, as well as against the Firm and other banks. The defendants have reached settlements with the merchants who opted out representing over 90% of the combined Mastercard-branded and Visa-branded payment card sales volume. The remaining opt out actions are pending. The parties resolved actions which were pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and were scheduled to begin trial in April 2026. Other actions are pending in the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Illinois and are scheduled for trial in September 2026.

LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorganChase has responded to inquiries from various governmental agencies and entities around the world relating primarily to the British Bankers Association’s (“BBA”) London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies and the European Banking Federation’s Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”). The Firm appealed a December 2016 decision by the European Commission against the Firm and other banks finding an infringement of European antitrust rules relating to EURIBOR. In December 2023, the European General Court annulled the fine imposed by the European Commission, but exercised its discretion to re-impose a fine in an identical amount. In March 2024, the Firm filed an appeal of this decision with the Court of Justice of the European Union, which held a hearing in January 2026 and reserved judgment.

In addition, the Firm was named as a defendant along with other banks in various individual and putative class actions related to benchmark rates, including U.S. dollar LIBOR. In September 2025, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants on all remaining claims related to U.S. dollar LIBOR, decertified the class, and dismissed all claims in their entirety with prejudice to refiling. Plaintiffs have filed an appeal.

Russian Litigation. The Firm is obligated to comply with international sanctions laws, which mandate the blocking of certain assets. These laws apply when assets associated with individuals, companies, products or services are within the scope of the sanctions. The Firm has faced actual and threatened litigation in Russia seeking payments that the Firm cannot make under, and is contractually excused from paying as a result of, relevant sanctions laws. In claims involving the Firm and claims filed against other financial institutions, Russian courts have disregarded the parties’ contractual agreements concerning forum selection and did not recognize foreign sanctions laws as a basis for not making payment. Russian courts have entered judgment against the Firm in a number of claims. This includes one claim for $439 million, for which the courts have stayed the enforcement of the judgment against the Firm's unprotected assets in Russia pending the outcome of an appeal, and a judgment for another claim has been executed against assets held onshore by the Firm in Russia. The total amount of the judgments exceeds the total amount of available assets that the Firm holds in Russia. Russian courts have allowed plaintiffs to withhold dividends due to the Firm’s clients for the purpose of satisfying judgments, which the Firm is opposing as unlawful. The Firm continues to appeal the Russian courts'

decisions, but certain judgments are now enforceable against Firm assets in Russia. Russian courts have also ordered interim freezes of Firm assets in Russia (including, among other things, funds in bank accounts, securities, shares in authorized capital, and certain trademarks, of the named defendants) pending a determination of certain underlying claims against the Firm. The Firm has challenged claims being pursued in the Russian courts and related freeze orders in other jurisdictions provided for by the parties’ contractual forum selections. If further claims are enforced despite the actions taken by the Firm to challenge the claims and orders and to seek the proper application of law, the Firm’s assets in Russia could be seized in full, and certain client assets could also be seized, or the Firm could be prevented from complying with its obligations.

Shareholder Litigation. A shareholder derivative action purporting to act on behalf of the Firm was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York against the Firm, its Board of Directors and certain of its current and former officers relating to historical trading practices by former employees in the precious metals and U.S. treasuries markets and related conduct which were the subject of the Firm’s resolutions with the DOJ, CFTC and SEC in September 2020. In March 2026, the Court dismissed the case with prejudice.

In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.

The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. Under U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was $223 million and $121 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.

In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages,

or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or consequences related to those matters. JPMorganChase believes, based upon its current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, consideration of the material legal proceedings described above and after taking into account its current litigation reserves and its estimated aggregate range of possible losses, that the other legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorganChase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorganChase’s income for that period.

Note 25 – Business segments & Corporate

The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. There are three reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Commercial & Investment Bank, and Asset & Wealth Management – with the remaining activities in Corporate.

The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee, whose members act collectively as the Firm’s chief operating decision maker. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on page 59 for a definition of managed basis and Note 32 for a further discussion of the Firm’s business segments.

Description of business segment reporting methodology

Results of the reportable business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results includes the allocation of certain income and expense items. The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and therefore further refinements may be implemented in future periods. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each LOB on at least an annual basis. The Firm’s LOBs also provide various business metrics which are utilized by the Firm and its investors and analysts in assessing performance.

Revenue sharing

When business segments or businesses within each segment join efforts to sell products and services to the Firm’s clients and customers, the participating businesses may agree to share revenue from those transactions. Revenue is generally recognized in the segment responsible for the related product or service, with allocations to the other segments or businesses involved in the transaction. The segment and business results reflect these revenue-sharing agreements.

Funds transfer pricing

Funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) is the process by which the Firm allocates interest income and expense to the LOBs and Other Corporate and transfers the primary interest rate risk and liquidity risk to Treasury and CIO.

The funds transfer pricing process considers the interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet products. Periodically, the methodology and assumptions utilized in the FTP process are adjusted to reflect economic conditions and other factors, which may impact the allocation of net interest income to the segments.

As a result of lower average interest rates in the current year, the cost of funding for assets and the funding benefit earned for liabilities generally decreased compared with the prior year.

Foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk is transferred from the LOBs and Other Corporate to Treasury and CIO for certain revenues and expenses. Treasury and CIO manages these risks centrally and reports the impact of foreign exchange rate movements related to the transferred risk in its results.

Capital allocation

The amount of capital assigned to each LOB and Corporate is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs and Corporate may change. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.

Segment & Corporate results

The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s segment results as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm

(and each of the reportable business segments) on an FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s managed basis.

(a)Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.

(b)Excludes expense related to services provided by Corporate support units, which is recorded in and allocated from Corporate to each respective reportable business segment, as applicable, through noncompensation expense.

(c)Reflects occupancy; technology, communications and equipment; professional and outside services; marketing; and other expense. Refer to Note 5 for additional information on other expense.

(d)Certain services are provided by Corporate and used by each of the reportable business segments. The costs of these services, including compensation expense, are recorded in and allocated from Corporate to the respective reportable business segments, with the allocations recorded in noncompensation expense. Compensation expense allocated from Corporate to CCB was $814 million and $789 million, to CIB was $1.2 billion each, and to AWM was $300 million and $269 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

(e)In the first quarter of 2026, Risk functions that were previously aligned with the LOBs were centralized into Corporate. As a result, the employees and compensation expense related to those functions are now reflected in Corporate, and a corresponding expense allocation from Corporate is reflected in noncompensation expense of the respective LOBs. These adjustments had no impact on total noninterest expense of the LOBs or Corporate. Prior periods have been revised to conform with the current presentation.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of JPMorgan Chase & Co.:

Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of March 31, 2026, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Firm as of December 31, 2025, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 13, 2026, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2025, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Firm in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

May 1, 2026

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017

(a)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(b)Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(c)The rates reflect the impact of interest earned on cash collateral where the cash collateral has been netted against certain derivative payables.

(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.

(e)The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $187.0 billion and $157.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

(f)Includes the effect of derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. Refer to Note 5 of the Firm’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on hedge accounting.

(g)The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 3.69% and 3.82% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS

2025 Form 10-K: Annual report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

ABS: Asset-backed securities

Active digital customers: Users of all web and/or mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.

Active foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.

Active mobile customers: Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.

AFS: Available-for-sale

Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans: Represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.

Amortized cost: Amount at which a financing receivable or investment is originated or acquired, adjusted for accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, charge-offs, foreign exchange, and fair value hedge accounting adjustments. For AFS securities, amortized cost is also reduced by any impairment losses recognized in earnings. Amortized cost is not reduced by the allowance for credit losses, except where explicitly presented net.

AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

ARM(s): Adjustable rate mortgage(s)

AUC: “Assets under custody”: Represents assets held directly or indirectly on behalf of clients under safekeeping, custody and servicing arrangements.

Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.

AWM: Asset & Wealth Management

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs: Represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorganChase consolidates.

BHC: Bank holding company

BWM: Banking & Wealth Management

Bridge Financing Portfolio: A portfolio of held-for-sale unfunded loan commitments and funded loans. The unfunded commitments include both short-term bridge loan commitments that will ultimately be replaced by longer term financing as well as term loan commitments. The funded loans include term loans and funded revolver facilities.

CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review

CCB: Consumer & Community Banking

CCP: Central Counterparty

CDS: Credit default swaps

CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses

CEO: Chief Executive Officer

CET1 capital: Common equity Tier 1 capital

CFO: Chief Financial Officer

CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission

CIB: Commercial & Investment Bank

CIO: Chief Investment Office

Client assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.

Client deposits and other third-party liabilities: Deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs.

Client investment assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage and annuity accounts, and deposits held in investment accounts.

CLTV: Combined loan-to-value

CMT: Constant Maturity Treasury

Collateral-dependent: A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including when foreclosure is deemed probable based on borrower delinquency.

Commercial Card: Provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.

Credit derivatives: Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third-party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to

whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Determinations Committee.

Criticized: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.

CRR: Capital Requirements Regulation

CVA: Credit valuation adjustment

DVA: Debit valuation adjustment

EC: European Commission

Eligible HQLA: Eligible high-quality liquid assets ("HQLA"), for purposes of calculating the liquidity coverage ratio ("LCR"), is the amount of unencumbered HQLA that satisfy certain operational considerations as defined in the LCR rule. Eligible HQLA securities may be reported in securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, trading assets, or investment securities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. For purposes of calculating the LCR, HQLA securities are included at fair value, which may differ from the accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP.

Eligible LTD: Long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria

Embedded derivatives: Implicit or explicit terms or features of a financial instrument that affect some or all of the cash flows or the value of the instrument in a manner similar to a derivative. An instrument containing such terms or features is referred to as a “hybrid.” The component of the hybrid that is the non-derivative instrument is referred to as the “host.” For example, callable debt is a hybrid instrument that contains a plain vanilla debt instrument (i.e., the host) and an embedded option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt issue at a specified date for a specified amount (i.e., the embedded derivative). However, a floating rate instrument is not a hybrid composed of a fixed-rate instrument and an interest rate swap.

EPS: Earnings per share

ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974

ESG: Environmental, Social and Governance

ETD: “Exchange-traded derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.

EU: European Union

Expense categories:

• Volume- and/or revenue-related expenses generally correlate with changes in the related

business/transaction volume or revenue. Examples of volume- and revenue-related expenses include commissions and incentive compensation, depreciation expense related to operating lease assets, and brokerage expense related to equities trading transaction volume.

• Investments include expenses associated with supporting medium- to longer-term strategic plans of the Firm. Examples of investments include initiatives in technology (including related compensation), marketing, and compensation for new bankers and client advisors.
• Structural expenses are those associated with the day-to-day cost of running the bank and are expenses not covered by the above two categories. Examples of structural expenses include employee salaries and benefits, as well as noncompensation costs such as real estate and all other expenses.

Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association

FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board

FCA: Financial Conduct Authority

FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

FDM: "Financial difficulty modification" applies to loan modifications effective January 1, 2023, and is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies specific terms of the original loan agreement. The following types of modifications are considered FDMs: principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment deferral, term extension or a combination of these modifications.

Federal Reserve: The Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System

FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council

FHA: Federal Housing Administration

FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank

FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk based on information in consumer credit reports produced by Fair Isaac Corporation. Because certain aged data is excluded from credit reports based on rules in the Fair Credit Reporting Act, FICO scores may not reflect all historical information about a consumer.

FICC: Fixed Income Clearing Corporation

FINRA: Financial Industry Regulatory Authority

Firm: JPMorgan Chase & Co.

First Republic: On May 1, 2023, JPMorganChase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the FDIC. "First Republic-related," "associated with First Republic" or similar expressions refer to the relevant effects of the First Republic acquisition, as well as subsequent related business and activities, as

applicable. Refer to Note 34 of the Firm's 2024 Form 10-K for additional information.

Forward points: Represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.

Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

Free-standing derivatives: A derivative contract entered into either separate and apart from any of the Firm’s other financial instruments or equity transactions. Or, in conjunction with some other transaction and is legally detachable and separately exercisable.

FTE: Fully taxable-equivalent

FVA: Funding valuation adjustment

FX: Foreign exchange

G7: “Group of Seven nations”: Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.

G7 government securities: Securities issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.

Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association

GSIB: Global systemically important banks

HELOC: Home equity line of credit

Home equity – senior lien: Represents loans and commitments where JPMorganChase holds the first security interest on the property.

Home equity – junior lien: Represents loans and commitments where JPMorganChase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.

HQLA: High-quality liquid assets. Also refer to Eligible HQLA.

HTM: Held-to-maturity

IBOR: Interbank Offered Rate

IDI: Insured depository institutions

IHC: JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC, an intermediate holding company

Investment-grade: An indication of credit quality based on JPMorganChase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.

IPO: Initial Public Offering

IR: Interest rate

ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association

JPMorganChase: JPMorgan Chase & Co.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.: JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association

JPMorgan Chase Foundation or Foundation: A not-for-profit organization that makes contributions for charitable and educational purposes.

J.P. Morgan Securities: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

JPMSE: J.P. Morgan SE

LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio

LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate

LLC: Limited Liability Company

LOB: Line of business

LTV: “Loan-to-value ratio”: For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.

Origination date LTV ratio: The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.

Current estimated LTV ratio: An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.

Combined LTV ratio: The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.

Macro businesses: The macro businesses include Rates, Currencies and Emerging Markets, Fixed Income Financing and Commodities in CIB's Fixed Income Markets.

Managed basis: A non-GAAP presentation of Firmwide financial results that includes reclassifications to present revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management also uses this financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.

Markets: Consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.

Master netting agreement: A single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due).

MBS: Mortgage-backed securities

MD&A: Management’s discussion and analysis

Measurement alternative: Measures equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer.

Merchant Services: Offers merchants payment processing capabilities, fraud and risk management, data and analytics, and other payments services. Through Merchant Services, merchants of all sizes can accept payments via credit and debit cards and payments in multiple currencies.

MEVs: "Macroeconomic variables": Refer to quantitative measures of current and forecasted macroeconomic conditions - such as the unemployment rates, gross domestic product growth rate and interest rates - used by the Firm in its models to estimate credit losses.

Moody’s: Moody’s Investor Services

Mortgage product types:

Alt-A

Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high CLTV ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.

Option ARMs

The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover

interest accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.

Prime

Prime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.

Subprime

Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were

offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.

MREL: Minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities

MSR: Mortgage servicing rights

NA: Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.

Net Capital Rule: Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Net charge-off/(recovery) rate: Represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.

Net interchange income includes the following components:

• Interchange income: Fees earned by credit and debit card issuers on sales transactions.
• Rewards costs: The cost to the Firm for points earned by cardholders enrolled in credit card rewards programs generally tied to sales transactions.
• Partner payments: Payments to co-brand credit card partners based on the cost of loyalty program rewards earned by cardholders on credit card transactions.

Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.

NFA: National Futures Association

NM: Not meaningful

Nonaccrual loans: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured

by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.

Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfactions, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.

NSFR: Net Stable Funding Ratio

OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

OCI: Other comprehensive income/(loss)

OPEB: Other postretirement employee benefit

Operating losses: Primarily refer to fraud losses associated with customer deposit accounts, credit and debit cards; exclude legal expense

OTC: “Over-the-counter derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.

OTC cleared: “Over-the-counter cleared derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.

Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.

Parent Company: JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Participating securities: Represents unvested share-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorganChase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its share-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.

PCD: “Purchased credit deteriorated” assets represent acquired financial assets that as of the date of acquisition have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Firm.

Pillar 1: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 1 establishes minimum capital requirements, defines eligible capital instruments, and prescribes rules for calculating RWA.

Pillar 3: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 3 encourages market discipline through disclosure requirements which allow market participants to assess the risk and capital profiles of banks.

PRA: Prudential Regulation Authority

Preferred stock dividends: Reflects dividends declared and deemed dividends upon redemption of preferred stock

Pre-provision profit/(loss): Represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.

Principal transactions revenue: Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which the Firm is willing to buy a financial or other instrument and the price at which the Firm is willing to sell that instrument. It also consists of realized (as a result of closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments) and unrealized (as a result of changes in valuation) gains and losses on financial and other instruments (including those accounted for under the fair value option) primarily used in client-driven market-making activities and on private equity investments. In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities (including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities). Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk-management activities, including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk and foreign exchange risk, and (c) other derivatives.

PSU(s): Performance share units

Regulatory VaR: Daily aggregated VaR calculated in accordance with regulatory rules.

REO: Real estate owned

Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.

Retained loans: Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).

Revenue wallet: Total fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry (i.e., the revenue wallet) from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third-party provider of investment banking competitive analysis and volume based league tables for the above noted industry products.

RHS: Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture

ROE: Return on equity

ROTCE: Return on tangible common equity

ROU assets: Right-of-use assets

RSU(s): Restricted stock units

RWA: “Risk-weighted assets”: Basel III establishes two comprehensive approaches for calculating RWA (a Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Standardized and Advanced.

S&P: Standard and Poors

SA-CCR: Standardized Approach for Counterparty Credit Risk

SAR as it pertains to Hong Kong: Special Administrative Region

SAR(s) as it pertains to employee stock awards: Stock appreciation rights

SCB: Stress capital buffer

Scored portfolios: Consumer loan portfolios that predominantly include residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans to individuals and certain small business loans.

SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Securitized Products Group: Comprised of Securitized Products and tax-oriented investments.

Seed capital: Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.

Shelf securities: Securities registered with the SEC under a shelf registration statement that have not been issued, offered or sold. These securities are not included in league tables until they have actually been issued.

Single-name: Single reference-entities

SLR: Supplementary leverage ratio

SMBS: Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities

SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate

SPEs: Special purpose entities

Structural interest rate risk: Represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.

Structured notes: Structured notes are financial instruments whose cash flows are linked to the movement in one or more indexes, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodities prices, prepayment rates, underlying reference pool of loans or other market variables. The notes typically contain embedded (but not separable or detachable) derivatives. Contractual cash flows for principal, interest, or both can vary in amount and timing throughout the life of the note based on non-traditional indexes or non-traditional uses of traditional interest rates or indexes.

Suspended foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.

Taxable-equivalent basis: In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.

TBVPS: Tangible book value per share

TCE: Tangible common equity

TLAC: Total Loss Absorbing Capacity

Total payments transaction volume: Total payments transaction volume includes debit and credit card sales volume and gross outflows of ACH, ATM, teller, wires, BillPay, PayChase, Zelle, person-to-person and checks.

U.K.: United Kingdom

U.S.: United States of America

U.S. GAAP: Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

U.S. government agencies: U.S. government agencies include, but are not limited to, agencies such as Ginnie Mae and FHA, and do not include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”). In general, obligations of U.S. government agencies are fully and explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government in the event of a default.

U.S. GSE(s): “U.S. government-sponsored enterprises” are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established or chartered by the U.S. government to serve public purposes as specified by the U.S. Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae or FHA. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

U.S. Treasury: U.S. Department of the Treasury

Unaudited: Financial statements and/or information that have not been subject to auditing procedures by an independent registered public accounting firm.

VA: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

VaR: “Value-at-risk” is a measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.

VIEs: Variable interest entities

Warehouse loans: Consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as loans.

Weighted-average macroeconomic outlook: Refers to the forecast of macroeconomic conditions used by the Firm in its models to estimate credit losses which reflects the weighted average results of the five internally-developed macroeconomic scenarios over an eight-quarter forecast period and incorporates macroeconomic variables and any qualitative adjustments (such as changes in the weight placed on an upside or adverse scenario).

LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS

CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)

Debit and credit card sales volume: Dollar amount of card member purchases, net of returns.

Deposit margin: Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.

Home Lending Production and Home Lending Servicing revenue comprises the following:

Net mortgage servicing revenue: Includes operating revenue earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, which is recognized over the period in which the service is provided; changes in the fair value of MSRs; the impact of risk management activities associated with MSRs; and gains and losses on securitization of excess mortgage servicing. Net mortgage servicing revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments of certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies.

Production revenue: Includes fees and income recognized as earned on mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, and the impact of risk management activities associated with the mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans. Production revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held-for-sale (excluding certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies), and changes in the fair value of financial instruments measured under the fair value option.

Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:

Retail: Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.

Correspondent: Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.

Card Services: A business that primarily issues credit cards to consumers and small businesses.

Net revenue rate: Represents Card Services net revenue (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average loans for the period.

Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.

COMMERCIAL & INVESTMENT BANK (“CIB”)

Definition of selected CIB revenue:

Investment Banking: Includes investment banking fees as well as other revenues associated with investment banking activities and services including advising on corporate strategy and structure, and capital-raising in equity and debt markets.

Payments: Reflects revenue from cash management solutions, including services that enable clients to manage payments globally across liquidity and account solutions, commerce solutions, clearing, trade and working capital.

Lending: Includes revenue from a variety of financing alternatives, which includes on a secured basis.

Fixed Income Markets: Primarily includes revenue related to market-making and lending across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.

Equity Markets: Primarily includes revenue related to market-making and lending across global equity markets, including cash, derivative and prime brokerage products.

Securities Services: Revenues are primarily generated from net interest income, asset based fees, and transaction based fees. Our core product offering is organized into four key areas: custody, fund services, liquidity and trading services, and data solutions. These services are marketed primarily to institutional investors.

Description of certain business metrics:

Assets under custody (“AUC”): Represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.

Investment banking fees: Represents advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.

Description of CIB client coverage segment for Banking & Payments revenue(a):

Global Corporate Banking & Global Investment Banking: Provides banking products and services generally to large corporations, financial institutions and merchants.

Commercial Banking: Provides banking products and services to clients, including start-ups, small and mid-sized companies, local governments, municipalities, and nonprofits, as well as commercial real estate clients.

(a)Global Banking is a client coverage view within the Banking & Payments business and is comprised of the Global Corporate Banking, Global Investment Banking and Commercial Banking client coverage segments.

ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT (“AWM”)

Assets under management (“AUM”): Represent assets managed by AWM on behalf of its Private Banking, Global Institutional and Global Funds clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called.”

Client assets: Represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.

Multi-asset: Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.

Alternative assets "Alternatives": The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.

Stock Plan Administration: Relates to an equity plan administration business which was acquired in 2022 with the Firm’s purchase of Global Shares.

AWM’s lines of business consist of the following:

Asset Management: Offers multi-asset investment management solutions across equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market funds to institutional and retail investors providing for a broad range of clients’ investment needs.

Global Private Bank: Provides retirement products and services, brokerage, custody, trusts and estates, loans, mortgages, deposits and investment management to high net worth clients.

AWM’s client segments consist of the following:

Private Banking: Clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers and business owners.

Global Institutional: Clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.

Global Funds: Clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.

Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:

Percentage of active mutual fund and active ETF assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star: Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. An overall Morningstar rating is derived from a weighted average

of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten- year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S.-domiciled funds, separate star ratings are provided at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from these rankings. All ratings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the applicable fund rating provider. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds, except for Japan, for which Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

Percentage of active mutual fund and active ETF assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three, and five years): All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the fund rating providers. Quartile rankings are based on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking for U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

“Primary share class” means the C share class for European funds and Acc share class for Hong Kong and Taiwan funds. If these share classes are not available, the oldest share class is used as the primary share class.