Vulcan Materials Company VMC Form 10-Q filing Q2 FY2026

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, references in this report to “Vulcan,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Vulcan Materials Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Form 10-Q i

Part I Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Item 1

Financial Statements

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

1 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

Form 10-Q 2

Part I Financial Information

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

3 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Vulcan Materials Company (the “Company,” “Vulcan,” “we,” “our”), a New Jersey corporation, is the nation’s largest supplier of construction aggregates (primarily crushed stone, sand and gravel) and a major producer of aggregates-intensive downstream products such as asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete.

We operate primarily in the United States, and our principal product—aggregates—is used in most types of public and private construction projects and in the production of asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete. Our primary focus is serving metropolitan markets in the United States that are expected to experience the most significant growth in population, households and employment. These three demographic factors are significant drivers of demand for aggregates. While aggregates is our focus and primary business, we produce and sell aggregates-intensive asphalt mix and/or ready-mixed concrete products in certain markets.

Basis of Presentation

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in compliance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and thus do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for complete financial statements. We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on the same basis as our annual financial statements, except for the adoption of new accounting standards, if any, as described in Note 17. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2025 was derived from the audited financial statement, but it does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. In the opinion of our management, the statements reflect all adjustments, including those of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the results of the reported interim periods. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Operating results for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2026.

Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The most significant estimates and assumptions included in the preparation of these financial statements are related to goodwill and long-lived asset impairments, business combinations and purchase price allocation, pension and other postretirement benefits, environmental compliance, claims and litigation including self-insurance, and income taxes (refer to the Critical Accounting Policies included in Item 7 of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K). Events that relate to conditions arising after June 30, 2026 will be reflected in management’s estimates for future periods.

Noncontrolling Interest

We own an 88% controlling interest in the Orca Sand and Gravel Limited Partnership (Orca) which was formed to develop the Orca quarry in British Columbia, Canada. The remaining 12% noncontrolling interest is held by the Namgis First Nation (Namgis). This noncontrolling interest consists of the Namgis’ share of the fair value equity in the partnership. Our condensed consolidated financial statements recognize the full fair value of all of the subsidiary’s assets and liabilities offset by the noncontrolling interest in total equity.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash primarily consists of cash proceeds from the sale of property held in escrow for the acquisition of replacement property under like-kind exchange agreements. The escrow accounts are administered by an intermediary. Cash restricted pursuant to like-kind exchange agreements remains restricted for a maximum of 180 days from the date of the property sale pending the acquisition of replacement property. Restricted cash may also include cash reserved by other contractual agreements (such as asset purchase agreements) for a specified purpose and therefore is not available for use for other purposes. Restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Accounts and Notes Receivable

Allowance for credit losses is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. We regularly review the allowance by considering factors such as historic experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay. Allowances for credit losses were $10.7 million, $10.5 million and $13.3 million at June 30, 2026, December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, respectively.

Form 10-Q 4

Part I Financial Information

Inventories

Inventories and supplies are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories are as follows:

Discontinued Operations

In 2005, we sold substantially all the assets of our Chemicals business to a subsidiary of Occidental Chemical Corporation. The financial results of the Chemicals business are classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for all periods presented. Results from discontinued operations are as follows:

Our discontinued operations include charges or credits related to general and product liability costs and accruals, including legal defense costs, and environmental remediation costs associated with our former Chemicals business (including certain matters as discussed in Note 8). There were no revenues from discontinued operations for the periods presented.

Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Earnings per share are computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic EPS) or weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (diluted EPS), as set forth below:

All dilutive common stock equivalents are reflected in our earnings per share calculations. In periods of loss, shares that otherwise would have been included in our diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding computation would be excluded.

Antidilutive common stock equivalents are not included in our earnings per share calculations. The number of antidilutive common stock equivalents for which the exercise price exceeds the weighted-average market price is as follows:

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Part I Financial Information

Property, Plant & Equipment

Property, plant & equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization. Allowances for depreciation, depletion and amortization were $6,500.1 million, $6,356.1 million and $6,222.0 million at June 30, 2026, December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, respectively.

NOTE 2: LEASES

Our portfolio of nonmineral leases is composed of leases for real estate (including office buildings, aggregates sales yards and terminals, and concrete and asphalt sites) and equipment (including railcars and rail track, barges, and office, plant and mobile equipment).

Lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and liabilities and the weighted-average lease terms and discount rates are as follows:

1.Balances at December 31, 2025 exclude lease assets and liabilities classified as held for sale as detailed in Note 16.

Form 10-Q 6

Part I Financial Information

Our lease agreements do not contain material residual value guarantees, restrictive covenants or early termination options. In addition to the lease assets and liabilities presented in the table above, we entered into an agreement to lease a terminal in California and expect to have all permits in place associated with all lease commencement options by the second half of 2026.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

1.Includes the cost of leases with an initial term of one year or less (including those with terms of one month or less).

Cash paid for operating leases was $40.4 million and $40.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Cash paid for finance leases (principal and interest) was $5.2 million and $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

NOTE 3: INCOME TAXES

Our estimated annual effective tax rate (EAETR) is based on full-year expectations of pretax earnings, statutory tax rates and permanent differences between book and tax accounting such as percentage depletion. For interim financial reporting, we calculate our quarterly income tax provision in accordance with the EAETR. Each quarter, we update our EAETR based on our revised full-year expectation of pretax earnings and calculate the income tax provision so that the year-to-date income tax provision reflects the EAETR. Significant judgment is required in determining our EAETR. Certain taxes may be computed outside of the EAETR and recognized when the event occurs, such as payments of share-based awards and significant, unusual, or infrequently occurring events.

In the second quarter of 2026, we recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $81.4 million compared to $91.3 million in the second quarter of 2025. The decrease in tax expense was primarily due to the tax benefit recorded for the remeasurement of our deferred tax liabilities in the second quarter of 2026 resulting from changes in our state tax profile after the divestiture of our ready-mixed concrete operations in California.

For the first six months of 2026, we recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $127.2 million compared to $125.0 million for the first six months of 2025. The increase in tax expense was primarily due to the increase in pretax earnings, partially offset by the tax benefit recorded for the remeasurement of our deferred tax liabilities in the second quarter of 2026.

As discussed in Note 8, in May 2022, Mexican government officials unexpectedly and arbitrarily shut down our Calica operations in Mexico. In 2025, Calica had deferred tax assets (including net operating losses) of $37.3 million against which we have a full valuation allowance recorded. In 2026, we project a $7.4 million increase in deferred tax assets against which we have recorded a valuation allowance as a component of the EAETR. A majority of the deferred tax assets relate to a net operating loss (NOL) carryforward which would expire between 2032 and 2036 if not utilized.

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Part I Financial Information

Additionally, Calica is under examination by the Mexican Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT) for tax years 2018 and 2019. In the fourth quarter of 2025, SAT issued Calica an audit findings letter for 2018. Among other claims, SAT asserts that Calica had no right to mine and has denied its cost of goods sold deduction. We have recognized the full tax benefit associated with Calica’s cost of goods sold deduction in Mexico, as we believe it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained based upon the technical merits of the position. This position is strictly binary as our tax liability hinges entirely on the legal basis that Calica had the necessary rights to conduct its mining operations during the period in question. Should we be unsuccessful in defending this tax position related to the 2018 audit, we may incur a one-time cash outflow and tax expense of approximately $35 million, which includes $23 million of interest and penalties. During 2026, we have made progress with SAT on the other claims, but Calica's cost of goods sold deduction remains unsettled.

We project Alabama NOL carryforward deferred tax assets at December 31, 2026 of $44.5 million against which we have a valuation allowance of $32.4 million. We expect $10.4 million of the Alabama NOL carryforward to expire in 2026 resulting in a tax expense of $0.1 million (recorded as a component of the EAETR) compared to the previous amount of valuation allowance recorded. Almost all of the Alabama NOL carryforward would expire between 2026 and 2029 if not utilized.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was signed into law, effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The IRA introduced a corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) of 15% applicable to corporations with adjusted financial statement income (AFSI) in excess of $1 billion determined on a prior three-year average. In 2026, we anticipate our average AFSI will exceed the applicable threshold which subjects us to CAMT for the current year and all future years. However, we do not expect to pay any CAMT in 2026.

In July 2025, President Trump signed into law H.R.1 - One Big Beautiful Bill Act. Certain provisions relevant to us became effective beginning January 1, 2026, but none are material to our effective tax rate.

A summary of our deferred tax assets and liabilities is included in Note 9 “Income Taxes” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

NOTE 4: REVENUES

Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales taxes and other taxes we collect are recorded as liabilities until remitted and thus are excluded from revenues. Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts (primarily asphalt construction paving contracts) are immaterial and are expensed as incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less.

Our segment total revenues by geographic market for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are disaggregated as follows:

Form 10-Q 8

Part I Financial Information

1.The geographic markets are defined by states/countries as follows:

East market — Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and Washington D.C.

Gulf Coast market — Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Freeport (Bahamas), Puerto Cortés (Honduras) and Quintana Roo (Mexico)

West market — Arizona, California, Hawaii, New Mexico and British Columbia (Canada)

Total revenues are primarily derived from our product sales of aggregates (crushed stone, sand and gravel, sand and other aggregates), asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete, and include freight & delivery costs that we pass along to our customers to deliver these products. We also generate service revenues from our asphalt construction paving business and service revenues related to our aggregates business, such as landfill tipping fees. Our total service revenues were $71.8 million (3.3% of total revenues) and $87.9 million (4.2% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $115.4 million (3.0% of total revenues) and $132.7 million (3.6% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease in service revenues is attributable to the divestiture of our asphalt mix and construction paving operations in Houston, TX, during the fourth quarter of 2025.

Our products typically are sold to private industry and not directly to governmental entities. Although approximately 40% to 55% of our aggregates shipments have historically been used in publicly funded construction (such as highways, airports and government buildings), a relatively small portion of our sales are made directly to federal, state, county or municipal governments/agencies.

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Part I Financial Information

Therefore, although reductions in state and federal funding can curtail publicly funded construction, the vast majority of our business is not directly subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts with local, state or federal governments.

Product Revenues

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs at a point in time when our aggregates, asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete are shipped/delivered and control passes to the customer. Revenue for our products is recorded at the fixed invoice amount, and payment is due by the 15th day of the following month. We do not offer discounts for early payment.

Freight & delivery generally represents pass-through transportation costs we incur (including our administrative costs) and pay to third-party carriers to deliver our products to customers and are accounted for as a fulfillment activity. Likewise, the costs related to freight & delivery are included in cost of revenues.

Freight & delivery revenues are as follows:

1.Includes freight & delivery to remote distribution sites.

Construction Paving Service Revenues

Revenue from our asphalt construction paving business is recognized over time using the percentage-of-completion method under the cost approach. The percentage of completion is determined by costs incurred to date as a percentage of total costs estimated for the project. Under this approach, recognized contract revenue equals the total estimated contract revenue multiplied by the percentage of completion. Future revenues from unsatisfied performance obligations (including contracts with an expected duration of 1 year or less) at June 30, 2026 and 2025 were $206.8 million and $320.4 million, respectively. The remaining period to complete the obligations at June 30, 2026 ranged from 1 month to 27 months.

Our construction contracts are unit priced, and an account receivable is recorded for amounts invoiced based on actual units produced. Contract assets for estimated earnings in excess of billings, contract assets related to retainage provisions and contract liabilities for billings in excess of costs are immaterial. Variable consideration in our construction paving contracts is immaterial and consists of incentives and penalties based on the quality of work performed. Our construction paving contracts may contain warranty provisions covering defects in equipment, materials, design or workmanship that generally run from nine months to one year after project completion. Due to the nature of our construction paving projects, including contract owner inspections of the work during construction and prior to acceptance, we have not experienced material warranty costs for these short-term warranties.

Volumetric Production Payment Deferred Revenues

In 2013 and 2012, we sold a percentage interest in certain future aggregates production for net cash proceeds of $226.9 million. These transactions, structured as volumetric production payments (VPPs):

• relate to eight quarries in Georgia and South Carolina
• provide the purchaser solely with a nonoperating percentage interest in the subject quarries’ future aggregates production
• contain no minimum annual or cumulative guarantees by us for production or sales volume, nor minimum sales price
• are both volume and time limited

We are the exclusive sales agent for, and transmit quarterly to the purchaser the proceeds from the sale of, the purchaser’s share of aggregates production. Our consolidated total revenues exclude the revenue from the sale of the purchaser’s share of aggregates.

The proceeds we received from the sale of the percentage interest were recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet. We recognize revenue on a unit-of-sales basis (as we sell the purchaser’s share of production) relative to the volume limitations of the transactions. Given the nature of the risks and potential rewards assumed by the buyer, the transactions do not reflect financing activities.

Form 10-Q 10

Part I Financial Information

Changes in our deferred revenue balances (current and noncurrent) are as follows:

Based on expected sales from the specified quarries, we expect to recognize $7.5 million of VPP deferred revenue as income during the twelve-month period ending June 30, 2027 (reflected in other current liabilities in our June 30, 2026 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet).

NOTE 5: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels as described below:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data

Level 3: Inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement

Our assets subject to fair value measurement on a recurring basis are summarized below:

We have two Rabbi Trusts for the purpose of providing a level of security for the employee nonqualified retirement and deferred compensation plans and for the directors' nonqualified deferred compensation plans. The fair values of these investments are estimated using a market approach. The Level 1 investments include mutual funds for which quoted prices in active markets are available. Level 2 investments are stated at estimated fair value based on the underlying investments in the fund (high-quality, short-term money market instruments).

Net gains of the Rabbi Trusts’ investments were $4.2 million and $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Unrealized gains on investments held by the Rabbi Trusts at June 30, 2026 and 2025 were $3.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

The carrying values of our cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts and notes receivable, short-term debt, trade payables and accruals, and all other current liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Additional disclosures for derivative instruments and interest-bearing debt are presented in Note 6 and Note 7, respectively.

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Part I Financial Information

NOTE 6: DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

During the normal course of operations, we are exposed to market risks including interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. From time to time, we use derivative instruments to balance the cost and risk of such expenses. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

In prior periods, we entered into interest rate locks of future debt issuances to hedge the risk of higher interest rates. These interest rate locks were designated as cash flow hedges. The gain/loss upon settlement of these cash flow hedges is deferred (recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI)) and amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt.

This amortization was reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as follows:

For the twelve-month period ending June 30, 2027, we estimate that $2.5 million of the $15.1 million net of tax loss in AOCI will be reclassified to interest expense.

NOTE 7: DEBT

Debt is detailed as follows:

1.Borrowings on the commercial paper program are classified as long-term if we have the intent and ability to extend payment beyond twelve months.

Form 10-Q 12

Part I Financial Information

Discounts and debt issuance costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the terms of the respective notes resulting in $2.6 million and $2.6 million of net interest expense for these items for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Line of Credit and Commercial Paper Program

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured commercial paper program was established in August 2022 and matures in November 2029. Our commercial paper is fully back-stopped by our line of credit and contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. As of June 30, 2026, we were in compliance with the commercial paper covenants. Commercial paper borrowings bear interest at rates determined at the time of borrowing and as agreed between us and the commercial paper investors. As of June 30, 2026, we had no outstanding commercial paper borrowings.

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured line of credit was amended in November 2024 to extend the maturity date from August 2027 to November 2029. Our line of credit contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. As of June 30, 2026, we were in compliance with the line of credit covenants. Borrowings on the line of credit bear interest, at our option, at either SOFR plus a margin or Truist Bank’s base rate plus a margin. The margins are determined by our credit ratings. Standby letters of credit, which are issued under the line of credit and reduce availability, are charged a fee equal to the margin for SOFR borrowings plus 0.175%. We also pay a commitment fee on the daily average unused amount of the line of credit that ranges from 0.090% to 0.225% determined by our credit ratings. As of June 30, 2026, the margin for SOFR borrowings was 1.125%, the margin for base rate borrowings was 0.125% and the commitment fee for the unused amount was 0.100%.

As of June 30, 2026, our available borrowing capacity under the line of credit was $1,581.5 million. Utilization of the borrowing capacity was as follows:

• None was borrowed
• $18.5 million was used to support standby letters of credit

Term Debt

All of our $4,440.1 million (face value) of term debt is unsecured. All of the covenants in the debt agreements are customary for investment-grade facilities. As of June 30, 2026, we were in compliance with all term debt covenants.

In March 2025, we redeemed the $400.0 million senior notes due April 2025 using cash on hand.

Additionally, in February 2026, we paid a $50.0 million note payable (included in other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2025) related to an acquisition completed in 2022.

Standby Letters of Credit

We provide, in the normal course of business, certain third-party beneficiaries with standby letters of credit to support our obligations to pay or perform according to the requirements of an underlying agreement. Such letters of credit typically have an initial term of one year, renew automatically and can only be modified or canceled with the approval of the beneficiary. Except for $1.1 million of letters of credit related to acquisitions completed in 2024, our standby letters of credit are issued by banks that participate in our $1,600.0 million line of credit and reduce the borrowing capacity thereunder. Our standby letters of credit are summarized by purpose in the table below:

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Part I Financial Information

NOTE 8: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Certain of our aggregates reserves are burdened by volumetric production payments (nonoperating interest) as described in Note 4. As the holder of the operating interest, we have responsibility to bear the cost of mining and producing the reserves attributable to this nonoperating interest.

As stated in Note 2, our lease liabilities totaled $577.8 million as of June 30, 2026.

As summarized by purpose in Note 7, our standby letters of credit totaled $19.6 million as of June 30, 2026.

As described in Note 9, our asset retirement obligations totaled $464.5 million as of June 30, 2026.

Litigation and Environmental Matters

We are subject to occasional governmental proceedings and orders pertaining to occupational safety and health or to protection of the environment, such as proceedings or orders relating to noise abatement, air emissions or water discharges. As part of our continuing program of stewardship in safety, health and environmental matters, we have been able to resolve such proceedings and to comply with such orders without any material adverse effects on our business.

We have received notices from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or similar state or local agencies that we are considered a potentially responsible party (PRP) at a limited number of sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) or similar state and local environmental laws. Generally, we share the cost of remediation at these sites with other PRPs or alleged PRPs in accordance with negotiated or prescribed allocations. There is inherent uncertainty in determining the potential cost of remediating a given site and in determining any individual party's share in that cost. As a result, estimates can change substantially as additional information becomes available regarding the nature or extent of site contamination, remediation methods, other PRPs and their probable level of involvement, and actions by or against governmental agencies or private parties.

We have reviewed the nature and extent of our involvement at each Superfund site as well as potential obligations arising under other federal, state and local environmental laws. While ultimate resolution and financial liability is uncertain at a number of the sites, in our opinion, based on information currently available, the ultimate resolution of claims and assessments related to these sites will not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, although amounts recorded in a given period could be material to our results of operations or cash flows for that period. Amounts accrued for environmental matters (measured on an undiscounted basis) are presented below:

We are a defendant in various lawsuits in the ordinary course of business. It is not possible to determine with precision the outcome, or the amount of liability, if any, under these lawsuits, especially where the cases involve possible jury trials with as yet undetermined jury panels.

In addition to these lawsuits in which we are involved in the ordinary course of business, certain other material legal proceedings are specifically described below.

• LOWER PASSAIC RIVER STUDY AREA (DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS and SUPERFUND SITE) — The Lower Passaic River Study Area is part of the Diamond Shamrock Superfund Site in New Jersey. Vulcan and approximately 70 other companies are parties to a May 2007 Administrative Order on Consent with the EPA to perform a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (draft RI/FS) of the lower 17 miles of the Passaic River (River). The draft RI/FS was submitted recommending a targeted hot spot remedy; however, the EPA issued a record of decision in March 2016 that calls for a bank-to-bank dredging remedy for the lower 8 miles of the River. The EPA estimates that the cost of implementing this proposal is $1.38 billion. In September 2016, the EPA entered into an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent with Occidental Chemical Corporation (Occidental) in which Occidental agreed to undertake the remedial design for this bank-to-bank dredging remedy and to reimburse the United States for certain response costs.

Efforts to investigate and remediate the River have been underway for many years and have involved hundreds of entities that have had operations on or near the River at some point during the past several decades. We formerly owned a chemicals

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Part I Financial Information

operation near the mouth of the River, which was sold in 1974. The major risk drivers in the River have been identified to include dioxins, PCBs, DDx and mercury. We did not manufacture any of these risk drivers and have no evidence that any of these were discharged into the River by Vulcan.

In 2021, certain PRPs, including Vulcan, received a joint confidential settlement demand from the EPA/Department of Justice (DOJ). Vulcan and certain of the other PRPs that received the joint confidential settlement demand reached an agreement to settle with the EPA/DOJ and negotiated a Consent Decree. The court granted the motion to enter the Consent Decree in December 2024. Occidental thereafter filed an appeal challenging the entry of the Consent Decree. The appeal remains pending. Vulcan’s portion of the settlement is within the immaterial loss recorded for this matter in 2015.

In July 2018, Vulcan, along with more than 100 other defendants, was sued by Occidental in United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, Newark Vicinage. Occidental is seeking cost recovery and contribution under CERCLA for costs related to the River. This lawsuit is currently stayed. In another related proceeding, Occidental filed a lawsuit in March 2023 against Vulcan and 39 other defendants in United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, Newark Vicinage seeking cost recovery and contribution under CERCLA for costs related to the upper 9 miles of the River. It is unknown at this time how the settlement and approval of the Consent Decree with the EPA/DOJ would affect the Occidental lawsuits.

• 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE LITIGATION (DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS) — During the operation of our former Chemicals Division, which was divested to Occidental in 2005, Vulcan manufactured a chlorinated solvent known as 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Vulcan faces liabilities related to 1,1,1-trichloroethane stabilized with 1,4-dioxane ("TCA"). We are one of the defendants in cases filed in both state and federal courts, including one case filed by the State of New Jersey. According to the various complaints, the plaintiffs seek damages including, but not limited to, unspecified compensatory damages associated with the remediation of water wells allegedly contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, natural resource damages, disgorgement of profits from the sale of TCA, punitive damages, as well as penalties and attorney's fees under various statutes. During the fourth quarter of 2025, a Vulcan insurer directly negotiated the settlement of the largest plaintiff case filed in federal court in New York. Vulcan’s insurer funded the settlement in excess of Vulcan’s immaterial self-insured retention amount. We will vigorously defend the remaining cases on substantive and procedural grounds. At this time, we cannot determine the likelihood of loss, or reasonably estimate a range of loss, if any, pertaining to the above-referenced cases.
• HEWITT LANDFILL MATTER (SUPERFUND SITE) — In 2015, the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order (CAO) directing Calmat Co., a Vulcan subsidiary (hereinafter Vulcan), to assess, monitor, cleanup, and abate wastes that have been discharged to soil, soil vapor, and/or groundwater at the former Hewitt Landfill in Los Angeles.

Following an extensive investigation and pilot scale testing, Vulcan implemented an onsite corrective action plan approved by RWQCB that includes a groundwater pump, treat and reinjection system. In 2024, the RWQCB made a request under the CAO for a work plan to install additional monitoring wells and optimize and expand the existing on-site remediation system. This request complements expansion discussions with the EPA and other stakeholders as part of an Alternative Design Plan (ADP). Currently-anticipated costs of these on-site source control activities have been fully accrued.

We are also engaged in an ongoing dialogue with the EPA and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) regarding the potential contribution of the Hewitt Landfill to groundwater contamination in the North Hollywood Operable Unit (NHOU) of the San Fernando Valley Superfund Site.

The EPA and Vulcan entered into a 2017 Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) for the design of two extraction wells south of the Hewitt Landfill to protect the North Hollywood West (NHW) wellfield. Thereafter, LADWP proposed and ultimately constructed two water production and well head treatment facilities—the NHW system and the North Hollywood Central (NHC) system—at LADWP wellfields located near the Hewitt Landfill. After significant evaluation of the likely effect of LADWP’s water production facilities on other previously-feasible remediation options and the exchange of numerous workplans and evaluation reports, Vulcan submitted an ADP to the EPA in 2025. The ADP relies upon the RWQCB-approved expansion of the onsite Hewitt remedy and, necessarily, the two well head treatment systems operated by LADWP as the preferred method to address the off-site impacts that were the target of the 2017 AOC. The ADP further contemplates an agreement on the coordination of the operation of the onsite Hewitt remedy and LADWP’s well head treatment systems. The EPA, Vulcan, and LADWP continue to engage in a dialogue regarding the coordination of the systems. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of a loss pertaining to potential work completed at the direction of the EPA.

Additionally, Vulcan is in a dispute with LADWP regarding the cost and necessity of LADWP's construction of the two well head treatment facilities and Vulcan's relative contribution to their construction and operation. LADWP has alleged that the Hewitt Landfill is one of the primary sources of contamination at the NHW system and one of the sources of contamination at the NHC system. According to information available on the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) website, the

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Part I Financial Information

capital cost of the NHW system is estimated at $92 million, and the capital cost of the NHC system is estimated at $245 million. LADWP has also alleged that it incurred damages related to investigation and monitoring costs and its historical inability to use water in the vicinity of its wellfields. LADWP’s investigation and monitoring allegations include its publicly-reported six-year $11.5 million Groundwater System Improvement Study and the installation and monitoring of 26 wells in support of the study, for which LADWP has reported costs of an additional $22 million. Additionally, both systems will incur significant costs for operation and maintenance. LADWP presented a demand to Vulcan in January 2026 that included actual costs in excess of these publicly-reported estimates.

We anticipate continued discussions with LADWP regarding its alleged damages and potential claims. In conjunction with those discussions, we are engaging in further efforts to gather and analyze records and data in order to assess the extent of possible contribution by the Hewitt Landfill to the groundwater contamination in the area, consistent with the parallel request by the EPA, and the reasonableness of LADWP’s efforts. This work is also intended to assist in identification of other PRPs that may have contributed to groundwater contamination in the area of the NHW and NHC systems. Together, these efforts will allow us to analyze our anticipated equitable contribution to LADWP’s treatment systems and the ongoing operation of the systems. Among other factors, we anticipate that any contribution should take into account the on-site source control and other measures implemented by Vulcan at the former Hewitt Landfill, the relative contribution and duration of any contaminants originating from the Hewitt Landfill to the LADWP systems, the contribution and duration of contaminants originating from the property and activities of LADWP, and the cost-effectiveness of the LADWP systems. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of a loss pertaining to LADWP’s potential contribution claim. However, as discussions continue with LADWP and as additional records and data are analyzed, it is reasonably possible that an estimated material loss could be recognized in the near term.

• NAFTA ARBITRATION — In September 2018, our subsidiary Legacy Vulcan, LLC (Legacy Vulcan), on its own behalf, and on behalf of our Mexican subsidiary Calizas Industriales del Carmen, S.A. de C.V. (Calica), served the United Mexican States (Mexico) a Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This NAFTA claim relates to the treatment of a portion of our quarrying operations in Quintana Roo, Mexico arising from, among other measures, Mexico’s failure to comply with a legally binding zoning agreement and relates to other unfair, arbitrary and capricious actions by Mexico’s environmental enforcement agency. We assert that these actions are in breach of Mexico’s international obligations under NAFTA and international law.

As required by Article 1118 of NAFTA, we sought to settle this dispute with Mexico through consultations. Notwithstanding our good faith efforts to resolve the dispute amicably, we were unable to do so and filed a Request for Arbitration with the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in December 2018. In January 2019, ICSID registered our Request for Arbitration.

A hearing on the merits took place in July 2021. While we awaited the final resolution from the tribunal, we continued to engage with government officials to pursue an amicable resolution of the dispute. On May 5, 2022, Mexican government officials unexpectedly and arbitrarily shut down Calica’s remaining operations in Mexico. On May 8, 2022, Legacy Vulcan filed an application in the NAFTA arbitration seeking provisional measures and leave to file an ancillary claim in connection with this latest shutdown (see Part I, Item 2 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under the caption "Known Trends or Uncertainties"). In July 2022, the NAFTA arbitration tribunal granted Legacy Vulcan’s application and ordered Mexico not to take any action that might further aggravate the dispute between the parties or render the resolution of the dispute potentially more difficult. A hearing on the merits of the ancillary claim took place in August 2023.

The NAFTA arbitration tribunal issued a decision on the claim (the "Decision") on July 27, 2026. In the Decision, the tribunal found that Mexico violated NAFTA in several respects. However, the tribunal's award of monetary damages to Vulcan for Mexico's violations was negligible. In the Decision, the tribunal also ruled that the ancillary claim was outside of its jurisdiction. This development had no material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, statements of comprehensive income, or statements of cash flows for the period ended June 30, 2026.

It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these and other legal proceedings in which we are involved, and a number of factors, including developments in ongoing discovery or adverse rulings, or the verdict of a particular jury, could cause actual losses to differ materially from accrued costs. No liability was recorded for claims and litigation for which a loss was determined to be only reasonably possible or for which a loss could not be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in defense of lawsuits are expensed as incurred. In addition, losses on certain claims and litigation described above may be subject to limitations on a per occurrence basis by excess insurance, as described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Form 10-Q 16

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 9: ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

Asset retirement obligations (AROs) are legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets resulting from the acquisition, construction, development and/or normal use of the underlying assets, including legal obligations for land reclamation. Recognition of a liability for an ARO is required in the period in which it is incurred at its estimated fair value. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the underlying asset and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. The ARO liability is accreted through charges to operating expenses. If the ARO liability is settled for a value other than the carrying amount of the liability, we recognize a gain or loss on settlement.

ARO operating costs related to accretion of the liabilities and depreciation of the assets are as follows:

ARO operating costs are reported in cost of revenues. ARO liabilities are reported within other noncurrent liabilities in our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Reconciliations of the carrying amounts of our ARO liabilities are as follows:

17 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 10: BENEFIT PLANS

Pension Plans

We sponsor two qualified, noncontributory defined benefit pension plans, the Vulcan Materials Company Pension Plan (VMC Pension Plan) and the CMG Hourly Pension Plan (CMG Pension Plan). The VMC Pension Plan has been closed to new entrants since 2007, and benefit accruals ceased in 2005 for hourly participants and in 2013 for salaried participants. The CMG Pension Plan is closed to new entrants other than through one small union, and benefits continue to accrue equal to a flat dollar amount for each year of service. In addition to these qualified plans, we sponsor three unfunded, nonqualified pension plans.

The following table sets forth the components of net periodic pension benefit cost:

Contributions to pension plans, as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, pertain to benefit payments under nonqualified plans and qualified plan contributions of $4.2 million and $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Postretirement Plans

In addition to pension benefits, we provide certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for some retired employees. Substantially all of our salaried employees and, where applicable, certain of our hourly employees may become eligible for these benefits if they reach a qualifying age and meet certain service requirements. Generally, Company-provided healthcare benefits end when covered individuals become eligible for Medicare benefits, become eligible for other group insurance coverage or reach age 65 (whichever occurs first).

The following table sets forth the components of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost:

Defined Contribution Plans

In addition to our pension and postretirement plans, we sponsor six defined contribution plans. Substantially all salaried and non-union hourly employees are eligible to be covered by one of these plans. Under these plans, we match employees’ eligible contributions at established rates. Expense recognized in connection with these matching obligations totaled $42.5 million and $39.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Form 10-Q 18

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 11: OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income comprises two subsets: net earnings and other comprehensive income (OCI). The components of OCI are presented in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of applicable taxes.

Amounts in AOCI, net of tax, are as follows:

Changes in AOCI, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2026 are as follows:

Amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings are as follows:

19 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 12: EQUITY

Our capital stock consists solely of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of which 480,000,000 shares may be issued. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share. We may also issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, but no shares have been issued. The terms and provisions of such shares will be determined by our Board of Directors upon any issuance of preferred shares in accordance with our Certificate of Incorporation.

There were no shares held in treasury as of June 30, 2026, December 31, 2025, or June 30, 2025.

Our common stock purchases (all of which were open market purchases) and subsequent retirements for the year-to-date periods ended are as follows:

1.The amount paid to purchase shares in excess of the par value and related excise taxes are recorded in retained earnings.

As of June 30, 2026, 3,864,057 shares may be purchased under the current authorization of our Board of Directors.

Changes in total equity are summarized below:

Form 10-Q 20

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 13: SEGMENT REPORTING

Our operating segments are based on our internal management reporting structure. Our chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates our operating results through reportable segment gross profit. This financial metric is used to review operating trends, perform analytical comparisons between periods and monitor budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis in order to assess performance and allocate resources.

We have three operating (and reportable) segments organized around our principal product lines: Aggregates, Asphalt and Concrete. The vast majority of our activities are domestic. We sell a relatively small amount of construction aggregates outside the United States. Our Asphalt and Concrete segments are primarily supplied with their aggregates requirements from our Aggregates segment. These intersegment sales are made at local market prices for the particular grade and quality of product used in the production of asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete and are excluded from total revenues.

Segment Financial Disclosure

1.Includes product sales (crushed stone, sand and gravel, sand and other aggregates), freight & delivery costs that we pass along to our customers, and service revenues (see Note 4) related to our aggregates business.

2.Includes product sales as well as service revenues (see Note 4) from our asphalt construction paving business.

21 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

Segment Financial Disclosure (Continued)

1.Depreciation, Depletion, Accretion & Amortization (DDA&A) for each segment is included in cost of revenues.

2.Capital expenditures include changes in accruals for purchases of property, plant & equipment. Capital expenditures exclude property, plant & equipment obtained by business acquisitions.

3.Certain temporarily idled assets are included within a segment's Identifiable Assets, but the associated DDA&A is shown within Other in the DDA&A section above as the related DDA&A is excluded from segment gross profit.

Form 10-Q 22

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 14: SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Supplemental information referable to our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is summarized below:

1.Excludes changes in accruals.

2.Present value of the $150.0 million note due December 2027 (see Note 16).

NOTE 15: GOODWILL

Goodwill is recognized when the consideration paid for a business exceeds the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units for purposes of testing goodwill for impairment. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances change in a manner that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.

There were no charges for goodwill impairment in the six-month periods ended June 30, 2026 or 2025. Accumulated goodwill impairment losses amount to $390.2 million ($252.7 million in our former Cement segment and $137.5 million in our Concrete segment).

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment from December 31, 2025 to June 30, 2026 are shown below:

23 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 16: ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

Business Acquisitions

2026 BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS — During the second quarter of 2026, we acquired aggregates operations in Colorado and Texas for total cash consideration of $75.0 million. This acquisition was not material to either our results of operations or financial position and is reported in our consolidated financial statements as of its acquisition date. As a result of the acquisition, we recognized $8.6 million of amortizable intangible assets. The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted-average of approximately 20 years and will be deductible for income tax purposes over 15 years.

2025 BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS — During 2025, we completed no business acquisitions.

Divestitures and Pending Divestitures

During the second quarter of 2026, we sold our ready-mixed concrete operations in California and our aggregates and ready-mixed concrete operations in the U.S. Virgin Islands for combined proceeds of $722.1 million ($572.1 million cash and a $150.0 million note due December 2027). These transactions resulted in a combined immaterial loss of $13.2 million and sharpen our focus on aggregates serving metropolitan markets in the United States that are expected to experience the most significant growth in population, households and employment.

During the first quarter of 2025, we sold non-strategic aggregates locations in rural West Texas with limited reserves resulting in an immaterial gain.

During the fourth quarter of 2025, we entered into an agreement to sell our ready-mixed concrete operations in California, which were subsequently sold during the second quarter of 2026. These assets and liabilities were presented as held for sale in the accompanying Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2025. The estimated fair value less cost to sell exceeded the carrying value of the assets and liabilities held for sale. The carrying value of the major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale were as follows:

Form 10-Q 24

Part I Financial Information

NOTE 17: NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

None.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2024-03, "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," which requires disaggregated disclosure of prescribed expense categories within relevant income statement captions. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and is to be applied prospectively. We are assessing the effect of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, "Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software," which clarifies and modernizes the accounting for costs related to internal-use software. The standard removes software development project stages and requires companies to capitalize costs when both 1) management authorizes or commits to funding a software project and 2) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and can be applied using either a prospective, modified or retrospective transition approach. We are assessing the effect of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

25 Form 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Part I Financial Information

Item 2

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General Comments

OVERVIEW

We provide the basic materials for the infrastructure needed to maintain and expand the U.S. economy. We operate primarily in the U.S. and are the nation's largest supplier of construction aggregates (primarily crushed stone, sand and gravel) and a major producer of aggregates-intensive downstream products such as asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete. Our strategy and competitive advantage are based on our strength in aggregates which are used in most types of construction and in the production of asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete.

Demand for our products is dependent on construction activity and correlates positively with changes in population, employment and household formations. End uses include public construction (e.g., highways, bridges, buildings, airports, schools, prisons, sewer and waste disposal systems, water supply systems, dams, reservoirs and other public construction projects), private nonresidential construction (e.g., manufacturing, retail, offices and warehouses) and private residential construction (e.g., single-family houses, duplexes, apartment buildings and condominiums).

Aggregates have a very high weight-to-price ratio and, in most cases, must be produced near where they are used; if not, transportation can cost more than the materials, rendering them uncompetitive compared to locally produced materials. Exceptions to this typical market structure include areas along the U.S. Gulf Coast and the Eastern Seaboard where there are limited supplies of locally available, high-quality aggregates. We serve these markets from quarries that have access to cost-effective long-haul transportation, including shipping by barge, rail and our fleet of Panamax-class, self-unloading ships. Additionally, we serve markets in California and Hawaii from our quarry in British Columbia, Canada by means of a long-term marine shipping agreement with CSL Americas.

There are limited substitutes for quality aggregates. Due to zoning and permitting regulations and high transportation costs relative to the value of the product, the location of reserves is a critical factor to our long-term success.

No material part of our business depends upon any single customer whose loss would have a significant adverse effect on our business. In 2025, our five largest customers accounted for approximately 7% of our total revenues, and no single customer accounted for more than 2% of our total revenues. Although approximately 40% to 55% of our aggregates shipments have historically been used in publicly-funded construction, such as highways, airports and government buildings, a relatively small portion of our sales are made directly to federal, state, county or municipal governments/agencies. Therefore, although reductions in state and federal funding can curtail publicly-funded construction, the vast majority of our business is not directly subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts with local, state or federal governments. In addition, our sales to government entities span several hundred entities coast-to-coast, ensuring that negative changes to various government budgets would have a muted impact across such a diversified set of government customers.

While aggregates is our focus and primary business, we believe vertical integration between aggregates and downstream products, such as asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete, can be managed effectively in certain markets to generate attractive financial returns and enhance financial returns in our core Aggregates segment. We produce and sell aggregates-intensive asphalt mix and/or ready-mixed concrete products in our Alabama, Arizona, California, Maryland, New Mexico, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Washington D.C. markets. Aggregates comprise approximately 95% of asphalt mix by weight and 80% of ready-mixed concrete by weight. In both of these downstream businesses, aggregates are primarily supplied from our operations.

SEASONALITY AND CYCLICAL NATURE OF OUR BUSINESS

Almost all of our products are produced and consumed outdoors. Seasonal changes and other weather-related conditions can affect the production and sales volume of our products. Therefore, the financial results for any quarter do not necessarily indicate the results expected for the year. Normally, the highest sales and earnings are in the third quarter, and the lowest are in the first quarter. Furthermore, our sales and earnings are sensitive to national, regional and local economic conditions, demographic and population fluctuations, and particularly to cyclical swings in construction spending, primarily in the private sector.

Form 10-Q 26

Part I Financial Information

Executive Summary

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS FOR SECOND QUARTER 2026

Compared to second quarter of 2025:

• Total revenues increased $53.4 million, or 3%, to $2,155.8 million
• Gross profit increased $0.3 million, or less than 1%, to $625.5 million
• Aggregates segment sales increased $113.4 million, or 7%, to $1,763.0 million
• Aggregates segment freight-adjusted revenues increased $66.3 million, or 5%, to $1,376.4 million
• Shipments increased 1%, or 0.6 million tons, to 59.9 million tons
• Freight-adjusted sales price increased 3.9%, or $0.86 per ton, to $22.97
• Aggregates segment gross profit increased $7.8 million, or 1%, to $567.3 million
• Unit profitability (as measured by gross profit per ton) increased less than 1% to $9.47 per ton
• Asphalt and Concrete segment gross profit decreased $7.5 million to $58.2 million, collectively
• Selling, administrative and general (SAG) expenses decreased $3.2 million and decreased 30 basis points as a percentage of total revenues
• Operating earnings decreased $15.5 million, or 3%, to $455.5 million
• Earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $2.47 per diluted share compared to $2.43 per diluted share
• Adjusted earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $2.59 per diluted share compared to $2.45 per diluted share
• Net earnings attributable to Vulcan were $323.4 million, an increase of $2.5 million, or 1%
• Adjusted EBITDA was $654.0 million, a decrease of $5.5 million, or 1%
• Returned capital to shareholders via dividends of $67.5 million at $0.52 per share versus $64.7 million at $0.49 per share
• Returned capital to shareholders via share repurchases of $250.3 million at a $276.69 average price per share compared to no share repurchases

Commercial and operational execution drove solid results in the second quarter. Despite significant energy inflation and disruptive weather, aggregates gross profit per ton improved to $9.47 per ton and our industry-leading aggregates cash gross profit per ton grew to over $12 per ton in the second quarter. These results demonstrate the resiliency of our uniquely advantaged pure-play aggregates business.

Through the first six months, cash provided by operating activities was $584.6 million. Capital expenditures for maintenance and growth projects were $176.3 million in the second quarter. We returned $67.5 million to shareholders through dividends (a 4% increase versus the prior year) and $250.3 million through share repurchases (compared to no share repurchases in the prior year quarter). As of June 30, 2026, the ratio of total debt to trailing-twelve months Adjusted EBITDA was 1.9 times (1.7 times on a net debt basis, reflecting $288.7 million of cash on hand). Our weighted-average debt maturity was 13.2 years, and our weighted-average effective interest rate was 5.04%.

On a trailing-twelve months basis, return on invested capital of 16.1% increased 20 basis points over the prior year.

Consistent with our aggregates growth strategy, during the second quarter we completed several portfolio enhancing actions. In early June, we completed the previously announced divestiture of our ready-mixed concrete operations in California. Additionally, we acquired a quarry in southern Colorado and a rail yard in Dallas-Fort Worth from Brannan Sand & Gravel. These portfolio actions align with our aggregates-led growth strategy by expanding our reach into southern Colorado and strengthening our distribution network in Dallas-Fort Worth. The pipeline for strategic acquisitions remains active, and we have the financial strength and flexibility to capitalize on the most value-accretive opportunities.

OUTLOOK

Our aggregates business is executing well, and we reiterate our full-year outlook to deliver between $2.4 and $2.6 billion of Adjusted EBITDA. The construction environment remains supportive of continued aggregates price growth, and large projects and public construction activity continue to support our expectation for volume growth in 2026. As always, our focus remains on compounding aggregates unit profitability to drive earnings growth and strong cash generation for our shareholders.

27 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

Results of Operations

Total revenues are primarily derived from our product sales of aggregates, asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete, and include freight & delivery costs that we pass along to our customers to deliver these products. We also generate service revenues from our asphalt construction paving business and services related to our aggregates business. We present separately our discontinued operations, which consist of our former Chemicals business.

The following table highlights significant components of our consolidated operating results including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS HIGHLIGHTS

1.Non-GAAP measures are defined and reconciled within this Item 2 under the caption "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Form 10-Q 28

Part I Financial Information

SECOND QUARTER 2026 COMPARED TO SECOND QUARTER 2025

Second quarter 2026 total revenues were $2,155.8 million, up 3% from the second quarter of 2025. Shipments increased in aggregates (1%), and decreased in asphalt mix (12%) and ready-mixed concrete (17%). Gross profit increased in the Aggregates segment ($7.8 million or 1%), decreased in the Asphalt segment ($7.4 million or 13%) and decreased in the Concrete segment ($0.1 million or 1%). The decrease in concrete shipments and gross profit was primarily due to the sale of our concrete operations in California during the second quarter of 2026 (see Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the second quarter of 2026 were $323.4 million, or $2.48 per diluted share, compared to $320.9 million, or $2.42 per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2025. Each period’s results were impacted by discrete items, as follows:

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the second quarter of 2026 include:

• pretax gain on discontinued operations of $1.7 million
• pretax net loss of $13.2 million related to the sale of businesses
• pretax charges of $4.5 million associated with divested operations
• pretax charges of $0.5 million associated with non-routine acquisitions
• $1.5 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the second quarter of 2025 include:

• pretax loss on discontinued operations of $2.8 million
• pretax charges of $0.6 million associated with non-routine acquisitions
• $2.1 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Adjusted for these discrete items, earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations (Adjusted Diluted EPS) were $2.59 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2026 compared to $2.45 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2025.

CONTINUING OPERATIONS — Changes in earnings from continuing operations before income taxes for the second quarter of 2026 versus the second quarter of 2025 are summarized below:

Continued pricing discipline and operational execution drove earnings growth despite energy headwinds and challenging weather-related operating conditions throughout the second quarter. Second quarter Aggregates segment gross profit increased 1% to $567.3 million ($9.47 on a per ton basis), and cash gross profit improved to $720.1 million ($12.02 on a per ton basis).

As compared to the prior year, second quarter aggregates shipments increased 1%, and continued to benefit from healthy public construction activity and large projects. Shipments in Texas and certain Southeastern markets were impacted by significant rainfall, particularly in May and June.

The pricing environment remains positive with widespread growth across the Company’s footprint. Aggregates freight-adjusted selling prices increased 3.9% compared to the prior year (4.7% on a mix-adjusted basis). Second quarter freight-adjusted unit cost of sales increased 7% (7%, or $0.72 per ton, on a unit cash cost of sales basis). Excluding the impact of higher diesel fuel costs, cash cost of sales increased 3%, reflecting a continued focus on cost management and operating efficiencies.

29 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

Overall, non-aggregates segments gross profit was $58.2 million, an 11% decrease compared to the prior year’s second quarter. The decrease was partially due to the sale of our concrete operations in California during the second quarter of 2026 (see Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).

Asphalt segment gross profit was $49.8 million (a 13% decrease over the prior year), and cash gross profit was $61.0 million (a 14% decrease over the prior year). Gross profit per ton decreased 1%, and cash gross profit per ton decreased 3%. Asphalt gross profit margin remained strong at 15 percent, despite lower shipments due to weather and higher liquid asphalt costs. Second quarter results in the prior year included our Houston asphalt and construction business that was divested in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Concrete segment gross profit was $8.4 million, and cash gross profit was $12.3 million. Unit gross profit increased 19%, while unit cash gross profit decreased 46%. The increase in unit gross profit was primarily due to the suspension of depreciation and amortization of our California ready-mixed concrete assets which were classified as held-for-sale during the second quarter of 2026. The divestiture of these operations was completed in early June of 2026 (see Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).

SAG expense was $141.3 million for the second quarter compared to $144.5 million in the prior year. For the quarter, SAG expense as a percent of total revenues decreased 30 basis points, to 6.6%. On a trailing-twelve months basis, SAG expense was 6.9% of total revenues, a 40 basis point improvement from the prior year.

Loss on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses was $11.3 million in the second quarter of 2026 compared to a gain of $1.2 million in the second quarter of 2025.

Net other operating expense, which is composed primarily of idle facilities expense, environmental remediation costs, gain (loss) on settlement of AROs, finance charges collected, and rental income, was $17.4 million of expense for the second quarter of 2026 compared to $10.9 million of expense in the second quarter of 2025. The second quarter of 2026 included $4.5 million of charges associated with divested operations and $0.5 million of charges associated with non-routine acquisitions.

Net other nonoperating income (expense) was $3.7 million of income for the second quarter of 2026 compared to $2.4 million of income for the second quarter of 2025.

Net interest expense was $54.7 million in the second quarter of 2026 compared to $59.2 million in the second quarter of 2025. The reduction in interest expense was attributable to reduced debt levels.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $81.4 million in the second quarter of 2026 compared to $91.3 million in the second quarter of 2025. The decrease in tax expense was primarily due to the tax benefit recorded for the remeasurement of our deferred tax liabilities in the second quarter of 2026 resulting from changes in our state tax profile after the divestiture of our ready-mixed concrete operations in California.

Earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $2.47 per diluted share in the second quarter of 2026 compared to $2.43 per diluted share in the second quarter of 2025.

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS — Second quarter pretax income from discontinued operations was $1.7 million in 2026 compared with a pretax loss of $2.8 million in 2025. Both periods include charges or credits related to general and product liability costs and accruals, including legal defense costs, and environmental remediation costs associated with our former Chemicals business. For additional details, see Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption Discontinued Operations.

YEAR-TO-DATE JUNE 30, 2026 COMPARED TO YEAR-TO-DATE JUNE 30, 2025

Total revenues for the first six months of 2026 were $3,911.7 million, up 5% from the first six months of 2025. Shipments increased in aggregates (3%), decreased in asphalt mix (7%) and decreased in ready-mixed concrete (7%). Gross profit increased in the Aggregates segment ($50.8 million or 6%), was flat in the Asphalt segment and increased in the Concrete segment ($6.9 million or 59%).

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the first six months of 2026 were $488.9 million, or $3.74 per diluted share, compared to $449.8 million, or $3.38 per diluted share in the first six months of 2025. Each period’s results were impacted by discrete items, as follows:

Form 10-Q 30

Part I Financial Information

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the first six months of 2026 include:

• pretax gain on discontinued operations of $0.3 million
• pretax loss of $13.2 million associated with the sale of businesses
• pretax charges of $6.5 million associated with divested operations
• pretax charges of $0.5 million associated with non-routine acquisitions
• pretax charges of $8.6 million related to CEO transition and reorganization charges
• $3.7 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the first six months of 2025 include:

• pretax loss on discontinued operations of $4.1 million
• pretax charges of $1.8 million associated with non-routine acquisitions
• $3.8 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Adjusted for these discrete items, earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations (Adjusted Diluted EPS) was $3.93 per diluted share for the first six months of 2026 compared to $3.45 per diluted share for the first six months of 2025.

CONTINUING OPERATIONS — Changes in earnings from continuing operations before income taxes for year-to-date June 30, 2026 versus year-to-date June 30, 2025 are summarized below:

Aggregates segment sales for the first six months of 2026 were $3,213.5 million (up 8%), and shipments increased 3%, or 2.9 million tons, compared to the prior year. Aggregates segment gross profit was $967.7 million ($8.81 per ton) in the first six months of 2026 versus $916.9 million ($8.57 per ton) in the prior year. On a year-to-date basis, cash gross profit per ton increased 2% to $11.53 per ton.

Freight-adjusted selling prices increased 3.7% compared to the prior year (4.8% on a mix-adjusted basis), with growth widespread across our footprint. Freight-adjusted unit cash cost of sales for the first six months of 2026 increased 6% versus the prior year. We remain focused on cost management and operating efficiencies.

Asphalt segment gross profit of $62.0 million was flat compared to the first six months of 2025, and cash gross profit of $84.4 million decreased 4% from the prior year. Asphalt mix shipments decreased 7%, and average unit selling prices increased 4.5%, or $3.62 per ton.

Concrete segment gross profit of $18.5 million was up $6.9 million from the first six months of 2025, and cash gross profit of $26.5 million decreased 43% from the prior year. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to the suspension of depreciation and amortization of our California ready-mixed concrete assets which were classified as held-for-sale during 2026. The divestiture of these operations was completed in early June of 2026 (see Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).

SAG expenses were $277.1 million in the first six months of 2026 versus $282.7 million in the first six months of 2025. As a percent of total revenues, SAG expense was 7.1% compared to 7.6% in the prior year's first six months.

Loss on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses was $11.6 million in the first six months of 2026 versus a gain of $8.6 million in the first six months of 2025.

31 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

Other operating income (expense), net which is composed primarily of idle facilities expense, environmental remediation costs, gain (loss) on settlement of AROs, finance charges collected, and rental income, was $38.6 million of expense for the first six months of 2026 compared to $19.0 million of expense in the first six months of 2025. The first six months of 2026 included $6.5 million of charges associated with divested operations, $0.5 million of charges associated with non-routine acquisitions and $8.6 million of charges related to CEO transition and reorganization charges.

Other nonoperating income (expense), net was $5.1 million of income for the first six months of 2026 compared to $0.2 million of expense in the first six months of 2025.

Net interest expense was $108.6 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to $118.9 million in the first six months of 2025. The reduction in interest expense was attributable to reduced debt levels.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $127.2 million in the first six months of 2026 compared to $125.0 million in the first six months of 2025. The increase in tax expense was primarily due to the increase in pretax earnings, partially offset by the tax benefit recorded for the remeasurement of our deferred tax liabilities in the second quarter of 2026.

Earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $3.74 per diluted share in the first six months of 2026 compared to $3.41 per diluted share in the first six months of 2025.

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS — First six months pretax income from discontinued operations was $0.3 million in 2026 compared with a pretax loss of $4.1 million in 2025. Both periods include charges or credits related to general and product liability costs and accruals, including legal defense costs, and environmental remediation costs associated with our former Chemicals business. For additional details, see Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption Discontinued Operations.

KNOWN TRENDS OR UNCERTAINTIES

Inflationary pressures and labor constraints can be factors that impact our operations. Although inflationary pressures can create short-term to medium-term headwinds, the combination of inflation and visibility of demand may create a favorable environment for price increases. Additionally, labor constraints can cause delays and inefficiencies in our operations as well as those of our customers. If labor constraints continue, our operations may proceed at a slower pace, which may effectively extend the recovery while allowing us the opportunity to compound price, control costs and grow earnings.

Our industry is experiencing uncertainty due to rapid changes in global trade policies including announced tariff increases, potential additional tariff increases, potential new or renegotiated bilateral or multilateral trade agreements, and other measures that could restrict international trade. Additionally, on February 28, 2026, a military conflict commenced in the Middle East involving the United States, Israel and Iran. Although we have no operations in the Middle East, the ongoing geopolitical conflict in the region has led to significant disruption of energy supplies and increases in global energy prices, which could continue to heighten inflationary pressures and disrupt global supply chains. Economic pressures on our customers, including the challenges of inflation, heightened geopolitical tensions and the impact of tariffs and other trade measures, may negatively impact our shipment volumes. We will continue to evaluate the evolving macroeconomic environment to take action to mitigate the impact on our business.

Further, the Mexican government has taken actions adverse to our property and operations in Mexico. On May 5, 2022, Mexican government officials presented employees at our Calica operations in Quintana Roo, Mexico with arbitrary shutdown orders to immediately cease underwater quarrying and extraction operations. On May 13, 2022, the Mexican government suspended the three-year customs permit granted in March 2022 to Calica. In September 2024, the Mexican government ordered the closure of Calica's already-suspended quarrying activities and the shutdown of certain activities at Calica's Punta Venado port facilities. On September 23, 2024, the President of Mexico signed a presidential decree declaring the entirety of Calica's properties as a "Natural Protected Area" (the "ANP Decree"). Among other provisions, the ANP Decree prohibits Calica from extracting petrous or construction materials from its properties. We strongly believe that the actions taken by Mexico are arbitrary and illegal, and we intend to vigorously pursue all lawful avenues available to us in order to protect our rights, under both Mexican and international law. For additional information regarding our Calica operations, see the NAFTA Arbitration section in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Form 10-Q 32

Part I Financial Information

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

AGGREGATES SEGMENT FREIGHT-ADJUSTED REVENUES

Aggregates segment freight-adjusted revenues is not a Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) measure and should not be considered as an alternative to metrics defined by GAAP. We present this measure as it is consistent with the basis by which we review our operating results. We believe that this presentation is consistent with our competitors and meaningful to our investors as it excludes revenues associated with freight & delivery, which are pass-through activities. It also excludes other revenues related to services, such as landfill tipping fees, that are derived from our aggregates business. Additionally, we use this metric as the basis for calculating the average sales price of our aggregates products. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

1.At the segment level, freight & delivery revenues include intersegment freight & delivery (which are eliminated at the consolidated level) and freight to remote distribution sites.

33 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

CASH GROSS PROFIT

GAAP does not define “cash gross profit,” and it should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. We and the investment community use this metric to assess the operating performance of our business. Additionally, we present this metric as we believe that it closely correlates to long-term shareholder value. Cash gross profit adds back noncash charges for depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization to gross profit. Segment cash gross profit per unit is computed by dividing segment cash gross profit by units shipped. Segment cash cost of sales per unit is computed by subtracting segment cash gross profit per unit from segment freight-adjusted sales price. Segment freight-adjusted sales price is calculated by dividing revenues generated from the shipment of product (excluding service revenues generated by the segments) by the total units of the product shipped. Reconciliation of these metrics to their nearest GAAP measures are presented below:

Form 10-Q 34

Part I Financial Information

EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA

GAAP does not define “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization” (EBITDA), and it should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. We use this metric to assess the operating performance of our business and as a basis for strategic planning and forecasting as we believe that it closely correlates to long-term shareholder value. We do not use this metric as a measure to allocate resources. We adjust EBITDA for certain items to provide a more consistent comparison of earnings performance from period to period. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below (numbers may not foot due to rounding):

1.Represents charges associated with acquisitions requiring clearance under federal antitrust laws.

2.Represents employee termination and other discrete charges directly related to organizational changes resulting from the appointment of Ronnie Pruitt as Chief Executive Officer, effective January 1, 2026.

ADJUSTED DILUTED EPS ATTRIBUTABLE TO VULCAN FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

Similar to our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, we present Adjusted diluted earnings per share (EPS) attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations to provide a more consistent comparison of earnings performance from period to period. This metric is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

35 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

NET DEBT TO ADJUSTED EBITDA

Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA is not a GAAP measure and should not be considered as an alternative to metrics defined by GAAP. We, the investment community and credit rating agencies use this metric to assess our leverage. Net debt subtracts cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from total debt. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL

We define “Return on Invested Capital” (ROIC) as Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing-twelve months divided by average invested capital (as illustrated below) during the trailing-five quarters. Our calculation of ROIC is considered a non-GAAP financial measure because we calculate ROIC using the non-GAAP metric EBITDA. We believe that our ROIC metric is meaningful because it helps investors assess how effectively we are deploying our assets. Although ROIC is a standard financial metric, numerous methods exist for calculating a company’s ROIC. As a result, the method we use to calculate our ROIC may differ from the methods used by other companies. This metric is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below (numbers may not foot due to rounding):

Form 10-Q 36

Part I Financial Information

2026 PROJECTED ADJUSTED EBITDA

Projected Adjusted EBITDA is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

Because GAAP financial measures on a forward-looking basis are not accessible, and reconciling information is not available without unreasonable effort, we have not provided reconciliations for forward-looking non-GAAP measures, other than the reconciliation of Projected Adjusted EBITDA as noted above. For the same reasons, we are unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information, which could be material to future results.

Liquidity and Financial Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash provided by our operating activities, a substantial, committed bank line of credit and our commercial paper program. Additional sources of capital include access to the capital markets, the sale of surplus real estate and dispositions of nonstrategic operating assets. We believe these financial resources are sufficient to fund our business requirements for 2026 including:

• contractual obligations
• capital expenditures
• debt service obligations
• dividend payments
• potential acquisitions
• potential share repurchases

Our balanced approach to capital deployment remains unchanged. We intend to balance reinvestment in our business, growth through acquisitions and return of capital to shareholders, while sustaining financial strength and flexibility.

We actively manage our capital structure and resources in order to balance the cost of capital and the risk of financial stress. We seek to meet these objectives by adhering to the following principles:

• maintain substantial bank line of credit borrowing capacity
• proactively manage our debt maturity schedule such that repayment/refinancing risk in any single year is low
• maintain an appropriate balance of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt
• minimize financial and other covenants that limit our operating and financial flexibility

37 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

CASH

Included in our June 30, 2026 cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash balances of $288.7 million is $94.5 million of restricted cash as described in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption "Restricted Cash."

Cash from Operating Activities

1.Primarily reflects changes to working capital balances.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $584.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2026, an $8.6 million decrease compared to the same period of 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to negative cash flow changes in deferred income taxes of $56.9 million partially offset by $40.1 million of higher earnings in 2026.

Days sales outstanding, a measurement of the time it takes to collect receivables, were 42.1 days at June 30, 2026 compared to 42.6 days at June 30, 2025. Additionally, our over 90 day receivables balance was $22.4 million at June 30, 2026, a decrease of $8.5 million from the $30.9 million balance at June 30, 2025. All customer accounts are actively managed, and no losses in excess of amounts reserved are currently expected.

Cash from Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $144.8 million during the first six months of 2026, a $381.7 million increase in cash compared to the same period of 2025. During the first six months of 2026, we sold our ready-mixed concrete operations in California and our aggregates and ready-mixed concrete operations in the U.S. Virgin Islands for combined proceeds of $722.1 million ($572.1 million cash and a $150.0 million note due December 2027). During the first six months of 2025, we sold non-strategic operations for cash proceeds of $19.0 million (see Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Additionally, during the first six months of 2026, we invested $370.4 million in our existing operations (includes changes in accruals for property, plant & equipment) compared to $270.9 million in the prior year period. This $370.4 million investment includes both maintenance and internal growth projects to enhance our distribution capabilities, develop new production sites and improve existing production facilities. Furthermore, during the first six months of 2026 we acquired aggregates operations in Colorado and Texas for total cash consideration of $75.0 million.

Cash from Financing Activities

Net cash used for financing activities was $630.1 million during the first six months of 2026, a $24.0 million increase compared to cash used of $606.1 million in the same period of 2025. The current year includes a $50.0 million note payment to the sellers of an acquisition completed in 2022. The prior year includes $400.4 million of cash paid to redeem the senior notes due 2025. Additionally, during the first six months of 2026 we returned $535.2 million to shareholders through $135.4 million of dividends ($0.52 per share compared to $0.49 per share in 2025) and $399.8 million of common stock repurchases (1.4 million shares repurchased at $283.77 average price per share in 2026 compared to 0.2 million shares repurchased at $224.36 average price per share in 2025).

Form 10-Q 38

Part I Financial Information

DEBT

Certain debt measures are presented below:

1.Reflects the margin above SOFR for SOFR-based borrowings; we also paid upfront fees that are amortized to interest expense and pay fees for unused borrowing capacity and standby letters of credit.

At June 30, 2026, total debt to trailing-twelve months Adjusted EBITDA was 1.9 times (1.7 times on a net debt basis reflecting $288.7 million of cash on hand). Our weighted-average debt maturity was 13.2 years, and our total weighted-average effective interest rate was 5.04%.

Line of Credit and Commercial Paper Program

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured commercial paper program was established in August 2022 and matures in November 2029. Our commercial paper is fully back-stopped by our line of credit and contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. As of June 30, 2026, we were in compliance with the commercial paper covenants. Commercial paper borrowings bear interest at rates determined at the time of borrowing and as agreed between us and the commercial paper investors. As of June 30, 2026, we had no outstanding commercial paper borrowings.

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured line of credit was amended in November 2024 to extend the maturity date from August 2027 to November 2029. Our line of credit contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. Covenants, borrowings, cost ranges and other details are described in Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2026, we were in compliance with the covenants, the margin for SOFR borrowings was 1.125%, the margin for base rate borrowings was 0.125% and the commitment fee for the unused amount was 0.100%.

As of June 30, 2026, our available borrowing capacity under the line of credit was $1,581.5 million. Utilization of the borrowing capacity was as follows:

• None was borrowed
• $18.5 million was used to support standby letters of credit

39 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

Term Debt

All of our $4,440.1 million (face value) of term debt is unsecured. All of the covenants in the debt agreements are customary for investment-grade facilities. As of June 30, 2026, we were in compliance with all term debt covenants. In March 2025, we redeemed the $400.0 million senior notes due April 2025 using cash on hand.

Additionally, in February 2026, we paid a $50.0 million note payable (included in Other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2025) related to an acquisition completed in 2022.

Current Maturities of Long-term Debt

The $400.0 million of current maturities of long-term debt as of June 30, 2026 is due as follows:

Debt Ratings

Our debt ratings and outlooks as of June 30, 2026 are as follows:

Short-term Long-term Outlook

Fitch F1 BBB+ Stable

Moody's P-2 Baa2 Positive

Standard & Poor's A-2 BBB+ Stable

EQUITY

The number of our common stock issuances and purchases for the year-to-date periods ended are as follows:

As of June 30, 2026, there were 3,864,057 shares remaining under the February 2017 share purchase authorization by our Board of Directors. Depending upon market, business, legal and other conditions, we may purchase shares from time to time through the open market (including plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and/or privately negotiated transactions. The authorization has no time limit, does not obligate us to purchase any specific number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

Form 10-Q 40

Part I Financial Information

The detail of our common stock purchases (all of which were open market purchases) for the year-to-date periods ended are as follows:

There were no shares held in treasury as of June 30, 2026, December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements such as financing or unconsolidated variable interest entities.

Standby Letters of Credit

For a discussion of our standby letters of credit, see Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies

We follow certain significant accounting policies when preparing our consolidated financial statements. A summary of these policies is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (Form 10-K).

We prepare these financial statements to conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These principles require us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, current conditions and various other assumptions we believe reasonable under existing circumstances and evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. The results of these estimates form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Our actual results may materially differ from these estimates.

We believe that the accounting policies described in the “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Form 10-K require the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2026.

New Accounting Standards

For a discussion of the accounting standards recently adopted or pending adoption and the effect such accounting changes will have on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity, see Note 17 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

41 Form 10-Q

Part I Financial Information

Form 10-Q 42

Investor Information

We make available on our website, www.vulcanmaterials.com, free of charge, copies of our:

• Annual Report on Form 10-K
• Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q
• Current Reports on Form 8-K

Our website also includes amendments to those reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as well as all Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed with the SEC by our executive officers and directors, as soon as the filings are made publicly available by the SEC on its EDGAR database (www.sec.gov).

In addition to accessing copies of our reports online, you may request a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, including financial statements, by writing to the Office of the General Counsel, Vulcan Materials Company, 1200 Urban Center Drive, Birmingham, Alabama 35242.

We have a:

• Business Conduct Policy applicable to all employees and directors
• Code of Ethics for the CEO and Senior Financial Officers

Copies of the Business Conduct Policy and the Code of Ethics are available on our website under the “Investor Relations” tab (“Corporate Governance” section). If we make any amendment to, or waiver of, any provision of the Code of Ethics, we will disclose such information on our website as well as through filings with the SEC.

Our Board of Directors has also adopted:

• Corporate Governance Guidelines
• Charters for our Audit, Compensation & Human Capital, Executive, Finance, Governance and Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committees

These documents meet all applicable SEC and New York Stock Exchange regulatory requirements.

The Charters of the Audit, Compensation & Human Capital and Governance Committees are available on our website under the “Investor Relations” tab (“Governance – Committee Composition” section) or you may request a copy of any of these documents by writing to the Office of the General Counsel, Vulcan Materials Company, 1200 Urban Center Drive, Birmingham, Alabama 35242.

Information included on our website is not incorporated into, or otherwise made a part of, this report.

43 Form 10-Q

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Part I Financial Information

Item 3

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

MARKET RISK

We are exposed to certain market risks arising from transactions that are entered into in the normal course of business. To manage these market risks, we may use derivative financial instruments. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

As discussed in the Liquidity and Financial Resources section of Part I, Item 2 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", we actively manage our capital structure and resources to balance the cost of capital and risk of financial stress. Such activity includes balancing the cost and risk of interest expense. In addition to floating-rate borrowings, we at times use interest rate swaps to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt.

At June 30, 2026, the estimated fair value of our long-term debt including current maturities was $4,277.1 million compared to a face value of $4,440.1 million. The estimated fair value was determined by averaging several asking price quotes for the publicly traded notes and assuming par value for the remainder of the debt. The fair value estimate is based on information available as of the balance sheet date. The effect of a decline in interest rates of one percentage point would increase the fair value of our debt by approximately $367.5 million.

We are exposed to certain economic risks related to the costs of our pension and other postretirement benefit plans. These economic risks include changes in the discount rate for high-quality bonds and the expected return on plan assets. The impact of a change in these assumptions on our annual pension and other postretirement benefits costs is discussed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Item 4

Controls and Procedures

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain a system of controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a - 15(e) or 15d - 15(e)), include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the participation of other management officials, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2026. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2026.

We are in the process of implementing a comprehensive enterprise performance management system that will replace our existing financial reporting, management reporting, and budgeting and forecasting systems. The financial reporting and management reporting phases of this system implementation were completed in the first quarter of 2025 and first quarter of 2026, respectively. The budgeting and forecasting phase of this system implementation is expected to be completed by the end of 2026.

We are also executing a comprehensive modernization of our core business systems and processes, which will include the implementation of a cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software suite that will replace significant portions of our financial and human resources systems. We have modified and will continue to modify the design and implementation of certain internal control processes to accommodate changes to our financial systems and processes as the modernization initiative continues. The full implementation is expected to be completed by the third quarter of 2027.

Other than the system implementations described above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the second quarter of 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Form 10-Q 44

Part II Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Item 1

Legal Proceedings

Certain legal proceedings in which we are involved are discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements and Part I, Item 3 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 and in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements and Part II, Item 1 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain recent developments concerning our legal proceedings.

Item 1A

Risk Factors

There were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Item 2

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of our equity securities during the quarter ended June 30, 2026 are summarized below.

1In February 2017, our Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock. As of June 30, 2026, there were 3,864,057 shares remaining under this authorization. Depending upon market, business, legal and other conditions, we may purchase shares from time to time through the open market (including plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and/or through privately negotiated transactions. The authorization has no time limit, does not obligate us to purchase any specific number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

We did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the second quarter of 2026.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 4

Mine Safety Disclosures

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 of this report.

Item 5. Other Information

Item 5

Other Information

SECURITIES TRADING PLANS OF SECTION 16 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, none of our Section 16 officers or directors adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

45 Form 10-Q

Item 6. Exhibits

Part II Other Information

Item 6

Exhibits

Exhibit 31(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 31(b) Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32(b) Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 95 MSHA Citations and Litigation

Exhibit 101 The following unaudited financial information from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 are formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Exhibit 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 is formatted in iXBRL (contained in Exhibit 101).

Our SEC file number for documents filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is 001-33841.

Form 10-Q 46

Part II Other Information

47 Form 10-Q