Papa John's International PZZA Form 10-Q filing Q2 FY2026

Page No.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets —June28, 2026 and December 28, 2025 1

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations — Threeandsixmonths endedJune28, 2026 andJune29, 2025 2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Threeand sixmonths endedJune28, 2026 andJune29, 2025 3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit — Threeand sixmonths endedJune28, 2026 andJune29, 2025 4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows —Sixmonths endedJune28, 2026 andJune 29, 2025 6

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 7

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 28

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 45

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 46

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings 46

Item 1A. Risk Factors 47

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 47

Item 5. Other Information 47

Item 6. Exhibits 48

i

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

See accompanying notes.

See accompanying notes.

(a) Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into net interest expense include $13 and $35 for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively and $14 and $(41) for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively.

(b) The income tax benefit (expense) effects of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were $(3) and $(8) for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 and $(4) and $9 for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively.

See accompanying notes.

(a) Net income to the Company for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 excludes $72 and $137 allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.

(b) At June 28, 2026, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $5,717 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $6,096 and net unrealized gain on the interest rate swap agreements of $379.

See accompanying notes.

(a) Net income to the Company for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025 excludes $22 and $52 allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.

(b) At June 29, 2025, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $5,967 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $5,485 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $482.

See accompanying notes.

See accompanying notes.

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

June 28, 2026

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 27, 2026. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s,” “Papa Johns” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) for the year ended December 28, 2025.

In discussions of our business, “Domestic” is defined as within the contiguous United States, “North America” includes Domestic and Canada, and “International” includes the rest of the world other than North America.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Papa John’s International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior year amounts herein have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Variable Interest Entity

Papa Johns Domestic restaurants, both Company-owned and franchised, participate in Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc. (“PJMF”), a nonstock corporation designed to operate at break-even as it spends all annual contributions received from the system. PJMF collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs. PJMF is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that funds its operations with ongoing financial support and contributions from the Domestic restaurants, of which approximately 87 percent are franchised, and does not have sufficient equity to fund its operations without these ongoing financial contributions. Based on an assessment of the governance structure and operating procedures of PJMF, the Company determined it has the power to control certain significant activities of PJMF, and therefore, is the primary beneficiary.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable, property and equipment, net and impairment of long-lived assets, and insurance reserves. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Papa Johns has joint venture arrangements in which there are noncontrolling interests held by third parties that included 13 and 98 restaurants at June 28, 2026 and June 29, 2025, respectively. Consolidated net income is required to be reported separately at amounts attributable to both the Company and the noncontrolling interests held by third parties.

Net income (loss) attributable to these joint ventures for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 and June 29, 2025 was as follows:

The following summarizes the redemption feature, location and related accounting within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these joint venture arrangements:

Type of Joint Venture Arrangement Location within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Recorded Value

Joint ventures with no redemption feature Permanent equity Carrying value

Joint ventures with option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest - not currently redeemable or redemption not probable Temporary equity Carrying value

Deferred Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. The provision for income taxes includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred. We use an estimated annual effective rate based on expected annual income to determine our quarterly provision for income taxes. The effective income tax rate includes the estimated domestic state effective income tax rate and applicable foreign income tax rates. The effective income tax rate is also impacted by various permanent items and credits, net of any related valuation allowances, and can vary based on changes in estimated annual income. Discrete items are recorded in the quarter in which they occur. Our effective income tax rate was 36.4% and 36.8% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to 30.5% and 31.6% for the prior year comparable periods, respectively. The higher effective tax rates during the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 were primarily due to a shift in income between jurisdictions, tax shortfall generated by vesting of restricted shares, and lower projected income tax credits.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted by tax jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses, capital losses, and foreign tax credits). The effect on deferred taxes due to changes in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the new tax rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded within Other assets and Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We record reserves and related interest and penalties for identified exposures as income tax expense. We evaluate these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as statute of limitations expirations, court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures.

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

• Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
• Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to estimate fair value; accordingly, the fair values presented do not necessarily indicate what the Company or its debtholders could realize in a current market exchange.

Our financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 28, 2026 and December 28, 2025 are as follows:

(a)Represents life insurance policies held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which are classified as Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(b)The fair value of our interest rate swaps is based on the sum of all future net present value cash flows. The future cash flows are derived based on the terms of our interest rate swaps, as well as considering published discount factors, and projected Secured Overnight Financing Rates (“SOFR”). See “Note 8. Debt” for further discussion.

There were no transfers among levels within the fair value hierarchy during the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 or fiscal year 2025.

The fair value of certain assets and liabilities approximates carrying value because of the short-term nature of the accounts, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net of allowances, and accounts payable. The carrying value of notes receivable, net of allowances, also approximates fair value. The Company’s revolving credit facilities and term loan borrowings under the Company’s credit agreement approximate carrying value due to their variable market-based interest rate. The Company’s 3.875% senior notes are classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement since the Company estimates the fair value by using recent trading transactions, and have the following estimated fair values and carrying values (excluding the impact of unamortized debt issuance costs) as of June 28, 2026 and December 28, 2025:

Allowance for Credit Losses

Estimates of expected credit losses, even if remote, are based upon historical account write-off trends, facts about the current financial condition of the debtor, forecasts of future operating results based upon current trends of select operating metrics, and macroeconomic factors. Credit quality is monitored through the timing of payments compared to the prescribed payment terms and known facts regarding the financial condition of the franchisee or customer. Account and note balances are charged against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.

The following table summarizes changes in our allowances for credit losses for accounts receivable and notes receivable:

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company evaluates its property and equipment and other long-lived assets for potential indicators of impairment at least annually, or as facts and circumstances arise that indicate the carrying value of the asset group may not be recoverable. For Domestic Company-owned restaurants, the evaluation is performed at the operating market level while International Company-owned restaurants are evaluated at the restaurant level as these respective levels represent the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset group exceeds the amount of estimated future undiscounted cash flows, the fair value of the asset group is estimated and an impairment loss is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. The assumptions used in the undiscounted cash flow calculation related to future growth are subjective and may be negatively impacted by future changes in operating performance or economic conditions.

In situations in which no impairment indicators are identified at the applicable asset‑group level, but certain assets within the asset group are expected to be used for a shorter period than previously estimated, the Company revises the remaining useful lives of those assets and prospectively records accelerated depreciation over the shortened period. During the three months ended June 28, 2026, we incurred approximately $0.9 million of accelerated depreciation expense, primarily related to the planned retirement of our current point-of-sale system and investments in our omnichannel experience, which required revisions to the useful lives of certain legacy technology assets. We also incurred $0.7 million of accelerated depreciation expense related to the closure or approved closure of 25 Company-owned restaurants under our Enterprise Transformation Plan (as defined and discussed in further detail in “Note 9. Restructuring”).

Tornado Impact

During the first quarter of 2025, a tornado caused real and personal property damage to the Company’s leased Quality Control Center (“QC Center”) in Grand Prairie, Texas. The Company recorded pre-tax expenses of $0.9 million during the six months ended June 29, 2025, related to these damages, which primarily reflect operating lease right-of-use asset impairment charges related to the leased property offset by expected property-related insurance proceeds. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2025, a tornado caused real and personal property damage to the Company’s restaurant support center and QC Center in Louisville, Kentucky. The Company recorded asset impairment charges of $2.7 million and incurred additional operating expenses of $1.5 million during the three months ended June 29, 2025, for which we recorded an anticipated insurance recovery as we believe such losses are probable of recovery under our insurance policy. Expenses incurred and the related anticipated insurance proceeds were recorded within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company received $1.0 million and $3.5 million of insurance proceeds related to the two incidents during the six months ended June 28, 2026 and June 29, 2025, respectively. For the six months ended June 28, 2026, $0.9 million of these proceeds were classified as cash inflows from investing activities and $0.1 million were classified as cash inflows from operating activities. For the six months ended June 29, 2025, $2.9 million of the proceeds were classified as cash inflows from investing activities and $0.6 million were classified as cash inflows from operating activities. These amounts were presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows based on the nature of the underlying losses and expected use of the proceeds. To the extent that proceeds received from our insurer in future periods exceed losses recognized in the financial statements, we may record income within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of

Operations once such insurance proceeds are realized or realizable. Neither of the tornadoes had a significant impact on our operations, as our other QC Centers were able to ensure that restaurants were adequately supplied.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” The ASU includes required disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of specific information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and the standard may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of the new standard, including an evaluation of the Company’s financial systems and availability of data to meet the requirements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software”. The ASU modernizes the accounting guidance for costs incurred to develop software for internal use by removing references to project stages of a software development project, which better aligns with current software development methods. Under the new standard, entities will commence capitalizing eligible costs when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and when it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance can be applied using a prospective, retrospective, or modified transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard to its consolidated financial statements.

3. Leases

Lessor Operating Leases

The Company subleases certain retail space to our franchisees in the UK, which are primarily operating leases. At June 28, 2026, we leased and subleased approximately 325 Papa Johns restaurants to franchisees in the UK. The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the UK are generally 15 years. The Company has the option to negotiate an extension toward the end of the lease term at the landlord’s discretion. The initial lease terms of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. Rental income, primarily derived from properties leased and subleased to franchisees in the UK, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. The Company recognized total sublease income of $2.7 million and $5.5 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, and $2.8 million and $5.4 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively, within Other revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Lease Guarantees

As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of approximately 75 Domestic leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2040. As of June 28, 2026, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was approximately $10.6 million. This contingent liability is not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as it is not probable to occur. The fair value of the guarantee is not material.

Supplemental Cash Flow & Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:

(a) Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows offset by non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset amortization and lease liability accretion.

4. Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc.

PJMF collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs for all participating Domestic restaurants. Contributions and expenditures are reported on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within Advertising funds revenue and Advertising funds expense, respectively. PJMF also has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Papa Card, Inc., which administers the Company’s gift card programs.

The assets and liabilities of PJMF, which are utilized solely for the Company’s advertising and promotional programs, were as follows in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

5. Revenue Recognition

Contract Balances

Our contract liabilities primarily relate to franchise fees, unredeemed gift card liabilities, and loyalty program obligations, which we classify within Current deferred revenue and Deferred revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognized deferred revenue of $7.6 million and $17.1 million during the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, and $7.9 million and $17.7 million during the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively.

The following table includes a breakout of contract liability balances:

Our contract assets consist primarily of equipment incentives provided to franchisees. Equipment incentives are related to the future value of commissary revenue the Company will receive over the term of the incentive agreement. Contract assets were approximately $15.1 million and $19.1 million at June 28, 2026 and December 28, 2025, respectively. Revenue was reduced by approximately $1.8 million and $3.5 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, and approximately $1.9 million and $3.5 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively, for the amortization of contract assets over the applicable contract terms. Contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period:

At June 28, 2026, approximately $2.7 million of area development fees related to unopened restaurants and International unearned franchise fees were included in Deferred revenue. Timing of revenue recognition is dependent upon the timing of restaurant openings and franchisees’ revenues. Unredeemed gift card liabilities, which are included in Deferred revenue, will be recognized in Company-owned restaurant sales when gift cards are redeemed. The Company will recognize redemption fee revenue in Other revenues when cards are redeemed at franchised restaurant locations.

6. Common Stock

Shares Authorized and Outstanding

The Company has authorized 100.0 million shares of common stock as of June 28, 2026 and December 28, 2025. The Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, net of repurchased shares of common stock held as treasury stock, were 32.9 million shares at June 28, 2026, compared to 32.8 million shares at December 28, 2025.

Share Repurchase Program

On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. There was no share repurchase activity during the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 or June 29, 2025. Approximately $90.2 million remained available under the Company’s share repurchase program as of June 28, 2026.

The timing and volume of share repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase program may be executed at the discretion of management on an opportunistic basis, subject to market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors, or pursuant to trading plans or other arrangements. Repurchases under the program may be made through open market, block, and privately negotiated transactions, including Rule 10b5-1 plans, at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. Repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase program may be commenced or suspended from time to time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice. Funding for the share repurchase program will be provided through our credit facility, cash generated by operations and from asset sales, and cash and cash equivalents.

Dividends

Beginning with our third quarter dividend in August 2026, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to suspend the quarterly dividend. The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors. The Company paid aggregate cash dividends of approximately $30.9 million ($0.92 per share) for the six months ended June 28, 2026.

7. Earnings per Share

We compute earnings per share using the two-class method. The two-class method requires an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common shareholders and participating security holders according to dividends declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings. Time-based restricted stock awards are participating securities because holders of such unvested shares have rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends. Under the two-class method, total dividends provided to the holders of participating securities are subtracted from net income attributable to the Company to determine net income attributable to common shareholders. The Company may, at its sole discretion, require any dividends paid on the unvested restricted stock awards to be paid in shares rather than in cash, which could then be forfeited if the employee forfeits the underlying awards.

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding consist of basic weighted average common shares outstanding plus weighted average awards outstanding under our equity compensation plans, which are dilutive securities.

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows:

(a) Excludes 317,000 and 269,000 shares underlying equity awards for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, and 294,000 and 257,000 shares underlying equity awards for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively, as the effect of including such awards would have been anti-dilutive.

8. Debt

Long-term debt, net, consists of the following:

(a) Revolving facilities as of June 28, 2026 includes $2.3 million outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility as defined and discussed below.

Senior Notes

On September 14, 2021, the Company issued $400.0 million of 3.875% Senior Notes (the “Notes”) which mature on September 15, 2029. Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year at a fixed interest rate of 3.875% per annum. Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 28, 2025 for further description of the provisions and covenant requirements under the Senior Notes.

Term Loan and Revolving Facilities

On March 26, 2025, the Company amended and restated the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2021 and amended May 30, 2023 (together, the “Previous Credit Agreement”) pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 26, 2025 (the “Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured term loan in a principal amount of $200.0 million (the “Term Loan”) and a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate available principal amount of $600.0 million (the “PJI Revolving Facility” together with the Term Loan, the “PJI Credit Facilities”), of which up to $40.0 million is available as swingline loans and up to $80.0 million is available as letters of credit. The PJI Credit Facilities will mature on March 26, 2030 (the “Maturity Date”) with term loans amortizing in quarterly installments that commenced on June 30, 2026 in amounts as set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the unpaid balance maturing on the Maturity Date. The remaining availability under the PJI Revolving Facility was approximately $468.7 million as of June 28, 2026.

PJMF Revolving Facility

PJMF has a $30.0 million revolving line of credit (the “PJMF Revolving Facility”) pursuant to a Revolving Loan Agreement, dated September 30, 2015, and most recently amended on September 30, 2025. The PJMF Revolving Facility is secured by substantially all assets of PJMF. The PJMF Revolving Facility matures on September 30, 2026, but is subject to annual renewals. The borrowings under the PJMF Revolving Facility accrue interest at a variable rate of a one month SOFR plus 1.975%. As of June 28, 2026, the principal amount of debt outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility was approximately $2.3 million and was classified as Current portion of long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The PJMF operating results and the related debt outstanding do not impact the financial covenants under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has historically entered into interest rate swaps with the objective of mitigating the Company’s exposure to the impact of interest rate changes associated with our variable rate debt under the PJI Credit Facilities. As of June 28, 2026, we had the following interest rate swap agreements:

We have designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and assess hedge effectiveness on a quarterly basis. The interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value at each reporting date, and any unrealized gains or losses are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to Net interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affect earnings.

The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our current swaps in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

The effect of derivative instruments on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements is as follows (in thousands):

Net interest paid, including payments made or received under the swaps, was $5.1 million and $17.8 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, and $5.6 million and $23.2 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively.

9. Restructuring

Enterprise Transformation Plan

In December 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved, and the Company commenced, the first phase of a new business transformation program (the “Enterprise Transformation Plan”) designed to improve organizational effectiveness, reduce overhead duplication and non-consumer-facing spending, and improve Domestic market and franchisee health. In February 2026, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the second phase of the Enterprise Transformation Plan, which focuses on optimizing our restaurant portfolio and improving restaurant-level profitability in the Domestic market. During the six months ended June 28, 2026, the Company closed 101 restaurants across North America as part of the ongoing assessment of our restaurant portfolio, of which eight were Company-owned. As of June 28, 2026, the Company had approved the closure of 17 additional Company-owned restaurants, most of which we expect to close by the end of 2026. We are continuing to evaluate our Domestic restaurant portfolio, which we anticipate will result in additional strategic restaurant closures and restructuring charges, although the amounts and nature of future expenses relating to any actions yet to be determined or approved by management or our Board of Directors are currently not estimable.

In connection with the foregoing approved initiatives, the Company incurred restructuring related costs of $4.4 million and $8.7 million during the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, primarily related to professional services, accelerated depreciation expense and other costs associated with the closure or approved closure of restaurants mentioned above, and a loss on sale related to the completed sale of the building occupied by our former print and promotions business in Louisville, Kentucky which did not support our core operations. These costs were included primarily within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and primarily within Unallocated corporate expenses.

The following table summarizes restructuring costs related to the Enterprise Transformation Plan recorded for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026:

The following table presents changes in the liabilities relating to approved initiatives, which are recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Accounts payable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

The Company has incurred total restructuring related costs of $16.4 million since commencement of the Enterprise Transformation Plan. The Company expects to incur total restructuring related charges of approximately $24 million to $31 million (inclusive of the $16.4 million incurred since commencement) related to all currently approved actions under the Enterprise Transformation Plan, which we estimate will be recognized during 2026 and 2027 primarily within Unallocated corporate expenses. Actual charges incurred may differ from this estimate due to various factors.

International Transformation Plan

In December 2023, the Company announced international transformation initiatives (the “International Transformation Plan”) designed to evolve our business structure to deliver an enhanced value proposition to our International customers and franchisees, ensure targeted investments and efficient resource management, and better position our largest markets, including the UK, for long-term profitable growth and brand strength. The Company completed its international transformation initiatives as of December 28, 2025. Since inception of the International Transformation Plan, the Company incurred total restructuring related costs of $34.4 million, all of which was recognized within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within our International segment.

During the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, the Company recorded total costs of $2.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively, related to the International Transformation Plan. These costs consisted primarily of professional services and other related costs and losses on franchisee notes receivable. No expenses were recorded during the three and six months ended June 28, 2026.

10. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including those specifically identified below, consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company has made accruals with respect to those matters for which a loss is determined to be probable and reasonably estimable. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.

In re Papa John’s Employee & Franchise Employee Antitrust Litigation is a putative class action filed in December 2018 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The suit alleges that the “no-poaching” provision previously contained in the Company’s franchise agreement constituted an unlawful agreement or conspiracy in restraint of trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act. On April 14, 2022, the parties reached a settlement in principle to resolve the case. Pursuant to the terms of the proposed settlement, in exchange for the Company’s payment of a total aggregate settlement amount of $5.0 million and other non-monetary consideration, all claims in the action will be dismissed, the litigation will be terminated, and the Company will receive a release. The settlement amount was recorded in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in 2022. The District Court granted preliminary approval of the proposed settlement on August 2, 2025, and the Company made an initial payment of $2.5 million on September 5, 2025 towards the settlement with $2.5 million remaining accrued within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 28, 2026. The proposed settlement contains certain customary contingencies and is subject to final approval by the District Court. The Company continues to deny any liability or wrongdoing in this matter.

Rivera v. JNE, et al. is a personal injury action arising from a 2021 automobile accident involving a delivery driver employed by one of the Company’s franchisees in the state of Florida. The Company’s franchisor entity, Papa John’s Franchising, LLC, is named as a defendant in the action under a theory of vicarious liability. In May 2026, a jury returned an adverse verdict on liability against the Company’s franchisor entity; however, no damages have been awarded, and a separate damages trial is currently expected to occur in 2027. The Company believes there are substantial grounds to challenge the verdict and intends to continue vigorously defending the matter. Due to the current procedural posture of the case, the absence of a damages award, and uncertainty regarding the application of franchisor-liability principles, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss at this time. The Company continues to deny liability or wrongdoing in this matter.

Commitments

In the first quarter of 2026, the Company entered into a multi-year agreement for point‑of‑sale and restaurant operations software services which will expire on December 23, 2034, with a one year extension option. The agreement includes deployment requirements that specify a minimum number of Company‑owned and franchised restaurants to be installed and activated on the software platform by November 30, 2026 and by November 30, 2027. The total estimated contractual commitment for software services is approximately $125 million to $140 million over the term of the agreement, contingent upon variable components such as the timing of the deployment schedule and associated contractual credits.

These amounts are expected to be largely recovered through technology fees charged to our franchisees over the term of the agreement. As of June 28, 2026, the Company had not incurred any amounts related to these provisions.

Refer to Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 28, 2025 for additional information on our commitments and contingencies.

11. Divestitures

Sale of Orlando Restaurants

On June 13, 2026, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) to refranchise 28 Domestic Company-owned restaurants located in the Orlando metropolitan area. The total sale price for the restaurants was approximately $10.8 million, which does not include transaction costs and is subject to customary post-closing adjustments under the terms of the Purchase Agreement. The sale is expected to close during the third quarter of 2026, at which point the restaurants will convert to franchised locations.

The assets and liabilities associated with the restaurants to be sold are classified as held for sale in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 28, 2026.

Upon closing of the sale, the Company currently expects to recognize an estimated pre-tax gain on sale between $1.0 million and $3.0 million, which is net of estimated transaction costs and subject to change based on settlement of certain post-closing adjustments. This estimate is preliminary and subject to change based on settlement of certain post-closing adjustments.

2025 Refranchising Transaction

On November 24, 2025, the Company completed the refranchising of 85 Domestic Company-owned restaurants previously owned and operated by Colonel’s Limited, LLC, a consolidated joint venture, to Pie Investments, an existing third-party franchisee (“Buyer”), for total proceeds of $35.7 million. Colonel’s Limited, LLC also entered into a Master Service Agreement effective November 24, 2025 with the Buyer for the performance by the Buyer of certain management, supervisory, and administrative services with respect to any identified remaining restaurants for which the parties have not yet obtained landlord consent to transfer the leases pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (the “Retained Restaurants”).

During the six months ended June 28, 2026, the parties obtained landlord consent to transfer three leases related to the Retained Restaurants, resulting in a gain of $1.0 million which was recorded in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the six months ended June 28, 2026. We expect to receive the remaining $0.4 million of proceeds from the sale upon completion of the lease assignment for the sole remaining Retained

Restaurant and resolution of certain post-closing adjustments. As of June 28, 2026, assets held for sale related to this restaurant totaled $0.1 million and are included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Refer to Note 21 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 28, 2025 for further description of the transaction.

Sale of Print and Promotions Building

On February 18, 2026, we finalized the sale of a building occupied by our former print and promotions business in Louisville, Kentucky and received net proceeds of $3.5 million, which were classified as investing activities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We recognized a loss on sale of approximately $0.3 million during the six months ended June 28, 2026, which was recorded in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

12. Segment Information

We have four reportable segments: Domestic Company-owned restaurants, North America franchising, North America commissaries, and International operations. The Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment consists of the operations of all Domestic Company-owned restaurants and principally generates revenues from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products. The North America franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our franchisees located in the United States and Canada. The North America commissaries segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers in the United States and Canada and derives its revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to Domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada. The International segment consists of distribution sales to franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the UK and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees, as well as the operations of all Company-owned restaurants located in the UK. International franchisees are defined as all franchise operations outside of the United States and Canada. Our reportable segments are distinct business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to each of our segments based upon predetermined rates or estimated resource usage.

All other business units that do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for determining reportable segments, which are not operating segments, we refer to as “All Other”. These consist of operations that derive revenues from franchise contributions to marketing funds and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms.

Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates performance of and allocates resources to our segments based on segment adjusted EBITDA. Segment adjusted EBITDA represents Net income before Net interest expense, Income tax expense, Depreciation and amortization, Stock-based compensation expense, and other adjustments that vary from period to period, including certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business. During the annual budget and forecasting process, the CODM uses segment adjusted EBITDA to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial or capital resources) to the segments. The CODM regularly reviews trends in segment adjusted EBITDA on at least a quarterly basis to evaluate the profitability of the segments and to make resource allocation decisions. When our CODM reviews balance sheet information, it is at a consolidated level.

Segment Results

The tables below present our operating results by segment. The significant expense categories and amounts presented in the tables below align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. A reconciliation to Company results is included in the following section.

(a) Segment expenses exclude depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business (see reconciliation that follows).

(b) During the current year, the Company updated its internal cost allocation methodology for certain centrally incurred costs. As a result, a portion of costs previously allocated to the Domestic Company‑owned restaurants segment is now reflected within Unallocated corporate expenses and the North America commissaries segment. The change is prospective and does not affect total reported expenses. Prior period segment information has not been recast. For the three months ended June 28, 2026, this allocation methodology update resulted in a $2.1 million decrease in COS - Other for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants, a $0.6 million increase in COS - Other for our North America commissaries segment, and a $1.5 million increase in Unallocated corporate expenses as compared to the prior year comparable period. For the six months ended June 28, 2026, this allocation methodology update resulted in a $4.2 million decrease in COS - Other for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants, a $1.2 million increase in COS - Other for our North America commissaries segment, and a $3.0 million increase in Unallocated corporate expenses as compared to the prior year comparable period.

(c) The segment expense category “COS - Other” includes delivery expenses, Company-owned restaurant advertising costs, occupancy costs, technology costs, aggregator fees, insurance, and other costs of sales.

(d) Other Segment Expenses represent all operating expenses that are not included in the segment significant expense categories. Other Segment Expenses include advertising fund expenses and other operating expenses.

Reconciliation of Segment Results to Company Results

The following table reconciles total revenue from our segments to total Company revenues and total adjusted EBITDA from our segments to Income before income taxes:

(a) As noted in the commentary above, All Other revenue and All Other adjusted EBITDA is derived from business units that do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for determining reportable segments. These business units consist of operations that derive revenues from franchise contributions to marketing funds and from franchise contributions to information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms. Our largest marketing fund is PJMF, which is designed to operate at break-even for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs for all participating Domestic restaurants. Technology-based franchisee fees are meant to offset the costs of building, operating, and depreciating technology that supports franchisee operations. As such, these fees may vary from period to period, as they are designed to operate near break-even over time when including the impact of depreciation.

(b) Unallocated corporate expenses represent administrative fees incurred by the restaurant support centers, including information systems and related services, corporate salaries and bonuses, and other corporate costs. These expenses are adjusted for depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business (see reconciliation that follows). The decrease in Unallocated corporate expenses for the comparable periods primarily relates to a reduction in supplemental advertising costs and a decrease in management compensation.

(c) Other (income)/expense adjustments represent depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business. As such, management excludes these items from the evaluation of segment adjusted EBITDA. For the periods above, the adjustments include:

(a)For the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, represents costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations.

For the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, other costs is comprised of the following:

i.Losses on disposal of equipment incurred in connection with the termination of a COVID-era program that pre-purchased store equipment due to supply chain challenges;

ii.Costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations; and

iii.Costs incurred, net of anticipated insurance recoveries, arising from tornadoes that damaged the Texas QC Center as well as the restaurant support center and QC Center in Louisville, Kentucky.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Our segments earn revenue from both external and internal customers. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues. Our intersegment revenues primarily represent revenue earned by our QC Centers from the sale of food and paper products to our Company-owned restaurants and collection of technology fees and marketing fees from our Company-owned restaurants. We account for intercompany sales as if the sales were to third parties and subsequently eliminate the activity. The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies.

In the following tables, revenues are disaggregated by major product line. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues by the reportable segment to total revenues:

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s,” “Papa Johns” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants and, in certain international markets, dine-in and delivery restaurants under the trademark “Papa John’s”. Papa Johns began operations in 1984. At June 28, 2026, there were 5,978 Papa John’s restaurants in operation, consisting of 469 Company-owned and 5,509 franchised restaurants operating in 51 countries and territories. Our revenues are derived from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise royalties, and sales of franchise and development rights. Additionally, we derive revenues from sales to franchisees of various items including food and paper products from our North America Quality Control Centers (“QC Centers”) and operation of our International QC Center in the United Kingdom (“UK”), contributions received by Papa John’s Marketing Fund (“PJMF”) which is our national marketing fund, and fees related to the use of information systems equipment as well as software and related services. We believe that in addition to supporting profitability and growth of both Company-owned and franchised restaurants, these activities contribute to product quality and consistency throughout the Papa Johns system.

In discussions of our business, “Domestic” is defined as within the contiguous United States, “North America” includes Domestic and Canada, and “International” includes the rest of the world other than North America.

Recent Developments and Trends

During the second quarter of 2026, we continued progressing on our business transformation initiatives as we position the business for long-term success amidst a challenging and softer consumer environment in North America and a dynamic International market. We continued to steer our efforts and investments towards initiatives that improve our value perception and enhance the customer journey across our digital platforms to increase conversion and reduce friction within the customer experience. Our key areas of focus include:

• Marketing strategy: We have partnered with our franchisees to re-establish our area advertising cooperative (“Co-op”) program, helping ensure a strong presence in key regional and local markets. Through our mix of national and local advertising, we continued investments in our messaging to highlight our six simple ingredients, fresh, never frozen original dough and the craftsmanship behind the products we serve, which we believe are key differentiators of our brand. We continued work to sharpen our value perception with limited-time promotional offers while continuing to emphasize our Papa Pairings mix and match platform. We also began work to refine our aggregator channel strategy, which remains an important component of our customer acquisition strategy. We believe opportunities exist to enhance both visibility and conversion through a more targeted mix of promotional offers, supported by an ongoing evaluation of our national and local third-party marketing investments. These efforts are intended to improve the efficiency of our spending and drive incremental customer trial. As a brand, we plan to maintain a compelling value proposition while staying true to our premium positioning and layering in exciting menu innovations, such as our new pan pizzas and oven-toasted sandwiches, to expand our addressable market and strengthen our barbell strategy.
• Digital and loyalty strategy: Most of our sales occur through digital channels, and we are making significant investments in our technology infrastructure to deliver a more seamless experience across our owned channels, better connect with customers, and support greater efficiency across our operations. In 2025, we introduced our new omnichannel platform, releasing new mobile apps across both Android and iOS platforms as well as our refreshed website and mobile web experience, which we believe provides a streamlined ordering journey for our customers.

We have also initiated a multi-year transition to a new point-of-sale system across all U.S. Company-owned and franchised restaurants that, if successful, will replace our existing point-of-sale system. We currently expect to fully deploy the new system by the end of 2027, at which point we will retire our current point-of-sale system. During the second quarter of 2026, we began pilot testing our new point-of-sale system; consequently, we began accelerating the remaining useful lives of our existing point-of-sale software assets. We anticipate that we may incur an incremental $5 million to $10 million of accelerated depreciation expense related to these initiatives.

• Transforming our cost structure: In December 2025 our Board of Directors approved a business transformation program (the “Enterprise Transformation Plan”), with the goal of creating capacity to invest in our next phase of growth by reducing non-consumer-facing spending and optimizing our restaurant portfolio to improve unit economics. The execution of actions approved under the Enterprise Transformation Plan resulted in the closure of 101 restaurants in North America during the six months ended June 28, 2026 as well as the reduction of our corporate workforce by approximately 7%. As of June 28, 2026, the Company had approved the closure of 17 additional Company-owned restaurants, most of which we expect to close by the end of 2026. We incurred restructuring expenses of $4.4 million during the second quarter of 2026 under the Enterprise Transformation Plan, which consisted primarily of professional services fees and non-cash charges related to Company-owned restaurant closures. We currently estimate that we will incur aggregate restructuring charges of approximately $24 million to $31 million under the Enterprise Transformation Plan related to actions approved thus far, inclusive of the $16.4 million recognized during 2025 and the six months ended June 28, 2026 to date. We expect to recognize the remainder of the restructuring charges during 2026 and 2027. We believe that these initiatives will improve systemwide health and facilitate future growth, and we have identified at least $30 million of general and administrative expense savings, exclusive of marketing spend, to be captured across fiscal years 2026 and 2027.

The implementation of the Enterprise Transformation Plan remains ongoing and may result in additional restructuring charges, although the amounts and nature of future expenses relating to any actions yet to be determined or approved by management or our Board of Directors are currently not estimable. Potential future actions likely to be approved are expected to include elevated levels of restaurant closures in North America during 2026 and 2027, as we focus on improving the health of our restaurant portfolio by closing underperforming restaurants that lack a path to sustainable financial improvement, allowing our franchisees to invest resources in their remaining restaurants to accelerate growth.

• Optimizing our supply chain: As part of our efforts to reduce the overall cost to serve our Domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants, we are realizing benefits from productivity and cost reduction initiatives designed to optimize our commissary business while maintaining our commitment to product quality. We expect to achieve at least $60 million in North America systemwide supply chain savings over the next two years, equating to meaningful restaurant-level margin improvement. We have captured approximately $16 million of cumulative benefits from these initiatives and are on track to realize at least $25 million of savings by the end of 2026.
• Development strategy: Development is a key long-term growth driver as we believe there is significant opportunity to offer our quality products to more customers globally and domestically. Our near-term development plan in North America includes focused development within our priority markets and on improving the quality and profitability of our restaurant portfolio, with fewer new restaurant openings expected in 2026. Our near-term International development pipeline remains strong, as our International business delivered positive comparable sales for the seventh consecutive quarter.
• Partnering with and evolving our franchisee base: We are focused on strengthening franchisee health and supporting long-term system growth through a combination of the supply chain and restaurant optimization initiatives described above, as well as incentive programs tied to operational excellence and restaurant image improvements that began during the second quarter. We believe these actions will further align the interests of our franchisees and the Company, accelerate the execution of our transformation initiatives, and support sustainable growth across the system. In addition, refranchising is a strategic action that we plan to continue to pursue across our Company-owned restaurants as it provides developing franchisees opportunities to expand their businesses and strengthens the long-term health of Papa Johns while providing additional means to reinvest into our transformation initiatives. In the second quarter of 2026 we entered into an agreement to refranchise 28 restaurants in Florida, with the transaction expected to close during the third quarter, and we continue to explore opportunities to refranchise additional markets.

Global Restaurant Sales and Unit Information

“Comparable sales” represents sales for the same base of restaurants for the same fiscal periods. “Comparable sales growth (decline)” represents the change in year-over-year comparable sales. “Global system-wide restaurant sales” represents total restaurant sales for all Company-owned and franchised restaurants open during the comparable periods, and “Global system-wide restaurant sales growth (decline)” represents the change in global system-wide restaurant sales year-over-year. Comparable sales, Comparable sales growth (decline), Global system-wide restaurant sales and Global system-wide sales growth (decline) exclude franchisees for which we suspended corporate support.

“Equivalent units” represents the number of restaurants open at the beginning of a given period, adjusted for restaurants opened, closed, acquired or sold during the period on a weighted average basis.

We believe Domestic Company-owned, North America franchised, and International Comparable sales growth (decline) and Global system-wide restaurant sales information is useful in analyzing our results since our franchisees pay royalties and marketing fund contributions that are based on a percentage of franchise sales. Comparable sales and Global system-wide restaurant sales results for restaurants operating outside of the United States are reported on a constant dollar basis, which excludes the impact of foreign currency translation. Franchise sales also generate commissary revenue in the United States and in certain international markets. Comparable sales growth (decline) and Global system-wide restaurant sales information is also useful for comparison to industry trends and evaluating the strength of our brand. Management believes the presentation of Global system-wide restaurant sales growth (decline), excluding the impact of foreign currency, provides investors with useful information regarding underlying sales trends and the impact of new unit growth without being impacted by swings in the external factor of foreign currency. Franchise restaurant sales are not included in the Company’s revenues.

(a)For the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, comparable sales decline and system-wide restaurant sales decline for Domestic Company-owned restaurants and North America franchised restaurants were adjusted to exclude the impact of refranchising 85 restaurants during the fourth quarter of 2025. See “Note 11. Divestitures” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.

(b)Comparable sales and system-wide restaurant sales for the six months ended June 28, 2026 have been adjusted to remove $1.0 million of Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales that were erroneously overstated in the first quarter of 2026.

Results of Operations

Revenues

The following table sets forth the various components of Revenues from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

The comparability of 2026 and 2025 results is impacted by a transaction that has changed the composition of our Domestic Company-owned restaurants and Domestic franchised restaurants. On November 24, 2025, the Company completed the refranchising of 85 Domestic Company-owned restaurants previously owned and operated by Colonel’s Limited, LLC, a consolidated joint venture (the “2025 refranchising transaction”). Upon closing of the transaction, the restaurants formerly

owned by the Company converted to franchised locations. See “Note 21. Divestitures” of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” of our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on this transaction.

Total revenues decreased $46.8 million, or 8.8%, to $482.4 million for the three months ended June 28, 2026 and decreased $86.5 million, or 8.3%, to $961.0 million for the six months ended June 28, 2026, as compared to the prior year comparable periods. Changes in total revenues were impacted by the transaction noted above and are detailed in the discussions below.

Company-owned restaurant sales, which include sales from both Domestic and International Company-owned restaurants, decreased $36.8 million, or 20.6%, for the three months ended June 28, 2026 and decreased $67.6 million, or 19.1%, for the six months ended June 28, 2026, as compared to the prior year comparable periods. The decrease for the three and six month periods is primarily attributable to approximately $25 million and $50 million, respectively, in prior-period sales from the formerly-Company owned restaurants refranchised in the 2025 refranchising transaction, as detailed above. The decrease was also due to lower comparable sales of 8.9% and 7.4% for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, driven by lower transaction volumes.

Franchise royalties and fees, which include revenues generated from both North American and International franchisees, decreased $1.7 million, or 3.6%, for the three months ended June 28, 2026 and decreased $2.2 million, or 2.3%, for the six months ended June 28, 2026, as compared to the prior year comparable periods. The decrease is primarily due to a $3.3 million and $5.5 million decrease in royalties and fees from our North America franchisees due to declines in comparable sales of 8.2% and 7.4% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively. International franchise royalties and fees increased $0.6 million and $1.2 million due to growth in International comparable sales of 1.5% and 2.5% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, and due to an increase in international franchise restaurants over the periods compared.

North America franchise restaurant sales are not included in Company revenues; however, our North America franchise royalties are derived from these sales. North America franchise restaurant sales decreased 5.3% to $712.4 million and decreased 4.4% to $1.4 billion for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, compared to the prior year comparable periods and excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. The decline in franchise restaurant sales was primarily due to a decrease in comparable sales of 8.2% and 7.4% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively. Franchise equivalent units increased 1.6% for the three months ended June 28, 2026 and increased 0.3% for the six months ended June 28, 2026 compared to the prior year comparable periods.

International franchise restaurant sales are also not included in Company revenues; however, our international royalty revenue is derived from these sales. International franchise restaurant sales increased 5.1% to $344.0 million and increased 5.5% to $673.9 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, compared to the prior year comparable periods and excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. The increase was due to growth in International comparable sales of 1.5% and 2.5% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as well as restaurant growth.

Commissary revenues, which includes sales from our North American and International QC Centers, decreased $3.8 million, or 1.6%, for the three months ended June 28, 2026 and decreased $10.1 million, or 2.2%, for the six months ended June 28, 2026 as compared to the prior year comparable periods. The decrease was primarily due to lower transaction volumes, partially offset by higher prices. The decrease in commissary revenues was also partially offset by an increase in franchised restaurants as a result of the 2025 refranchising transaction discussed above, which contributed to an increase of approximately $7 million and $14 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively.

Other revenues, which primarily includes revenues derived from our online and mobile ordering business, decreased $1.7 million, or 7.2%, and decreased $3.6 million, or 7.8%, for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to the prior year comparable periods. The decreases were primarily due to lower revenues generated from technology services as a result of a reduction in the technology fee charged to franchisees that began in the second half of 2025, as well as North America systemwide sales declines of 8.3% and 7.4% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively.

Advertising funds revenue, which includes the operations of PJMF as well as local and International marketing funds, decreased $2.8 million, or 6.4%, and decreased $3.0 million, or 3.4% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to the prior year comparable periods. The decreases were primarily driven by global system-wide restaurant sales decline of 4.8% and 4.0% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively.

Costs and Expenses

The following table sets forth the various components of costs and expenses from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Total costs and expenses were $459.2 million, or 95.2% of total revenues, and $917.1 million, or 95.4% of total revenues, for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to $504.7 million, or 95.4% of total revenues, and $999.0 million, or 95.4% of total revenues, for the prior year comparable periods, respectively.

Cost of sales primarily consists of Company-owned restaurant and supply chain costs incurred to generate related revenues. Components of cost of sales include food and paper products, labor, freight and delivery, occupancy costs, local advertising costs, insurance expense, and other costs. Costs of sales by segment for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 and June 29, 2025 were as follows:

(a) Segment cost of sales in the table above include stock-based compensation expenses and other adjustments that are excluded from segment expenses in the segment footnote, which are presented on an adjusted basis (see “Note 12. Segment Information”).

(b) The North America franchising segment does not incur costs of sales, and therefore is not included in total cost of sales by segment. The North America franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities for our franchisees located in the United States and Canada.

(c) “All Other” refers to all other business units that do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for determining reportable segments, and primarily includes our online and mobile ordering business and our marketing funds. These are not considered operating segments.

Cost of sales were $339.0 million and $679.9 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, a decrease of $32.7 million and $58.3 million, respectively, from the prior year comparable periods. The decreases in cost of sales were primarily due the Domestic Company-owned restaurant segment as a result of the 2025 refranchising transaction, which resulted in fewer Company-owned restaurants in 2026 compared to the prior year comparable periods and drove a decrease of approximately $23 million and $46 million in cost of sales for the Domestic Company-owned restaurant segment for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively. The Domestic Company-owned restaurant segment cost of sales also decreased due to improved labor productivity and lower local advertising costs. Cost of sales for the Domestic Company-owned restaurants and Domestic QC Centers also decreased due to lower transaction volumes as a result of lower North America comparable sales. These decreases were partially offset by increases in labor and technology costs for our online and mobile ordering business and were further offset by decreases in intersegment cost of sales due to a decrease in the number of Domestic Company-owned restaurants as a result of the 2025 refranchising transaction discussed above.

The decrease for the six months ended June 28, 2026 was also partially offset by higher volumes for our International restaurants due to an increase in International comparable sales.

General and administrative expenses (“G&A”) expenses were $59.0 million, or 12.2% of total revenues, and $115.0 million, or 12.0% of total revenues, for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to $70.1 million, or 13.3% of total revenues, and $135.3 million, or 12.9% of total revenues, for the prior year comparable periods, respectively. G&A expenses consisted of the following:

(a)Administrative and other general expenses decreased by $13.3 million and $23.8 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026. The decrease for the three months ended June 28, 2026 compared to the prior year comparable period was primarily due to a $5.4 million reduction in supplemental advertising costs and a $5.6 million decrease in management and other compensation costs. The decrease for the six months ended June 28, 2026 was primarily due to an $8.0 million year-over-year reduction in supplemental advertising costs, a $6.7 million decrease in management and other compensation costs, and $4.5 million of expenses incurred in the first quarter of 2025 for our bi-annual franchise operating conference that did not recur in 2026.

(b)For the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, represents costs associated with the Enterprise Transformation Plan. For the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, represents costs associated with the International Transformation Plan. Refer to “Note 9. Restructuring” for additional details.

(c)Represents additional net transaction expense (gain), associated with the refranchising of 85 restaurants on November 24, 2025. See “Note 11. Divestitures” for additional details.

(d)For the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, represents costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations.

For the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, other costs is comprised of the following:

i.Losses on disposal of equipment incurred in connection with the termination of a COVID-era program that pre-purchased store equipment due to supply chain challenges;

ii.Costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations; and

iii.Costs incurred, net of anticipated insurance recoveries, arising from tornadoes that damaged the Texas QC Center as well as the restaurant support center and QC Center in Louisville, Kentucky.

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $19.2 million, or 4.0% of total revenues, and $37.0 million, or 3.8% of total revenues, for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to $18.8 million, or 3.6% of total revenues, and $37.2 million, or 3.5% of total revenues, for the prior year comparable periods, respectively. During the three months ended June 28, 2026, we incurred approximately $1.6 million of accelerated depreciation expense related to investments in our new point-of-sale system and omnichannel experience, as well as related to the closure or approved closure of 25 Company-owned restaurants under our Enterprise Transformation Plan. The increase in depreciation expense as a percentage of total revenues over the comparable periods is primarily due to lower transaction volumes and the accelerated depreciation expense discussed above.

Advertising funds expense was $42.0 million, or 101.5% of advertising funds revenue, and $85.2 million, or 100.5% of advertising funds revenue for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, compared with $44.0 million, or 99.7% of advertising funds revenue, and $88.4 million, or 100.6% of advertising funds revenue, for the prior year comparable periods, respectively. Advertising funds expense consists primarily of expenses incurred by PJMF, which is designed to operate at break-even as it spends all annual contributions received from the system. Advertising funds expense also contains expenses incurred through our international marketing funds to support our International business, which may lead to Advertising funds expense being less than or in excess of Advertising funds revenue due to timing differences. The decrease in advertising funds expense for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 compared to the prior year comparable periods was primarily due to declines in global system-wide restaurant sales in 2026.

Segment Financial Performance

We evaluate the performance of our reportable segments and allocate resources to them based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and other adjustments, referred to as segment adjusted EBITDA. See “Note 12. Segment Information” for further information regarding the Company’s segments. Segment adjusted EBITDA for each of our reportable segments is summarized in the table below.

Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment adjusted EBITDA decreased $3.2 million for the three months ended June 28, 2026 primarily due to a decrease in comparable sales of 8.9% and due to fewer Domestic Company-owned restaurants as a result of the 2025 refranchising transaction. The decrease was partially offset by the impact of a prospective change in our internal cost allocation methodology in 2026 to refine internal allocations of certain operating costs to our segments. This change in allocation methodology resulted in a $2.1 million increase in Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended June 28, 2026. Please see “4-wall EBITDA” below for a discussion of this change. Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment adjusted EBITDA decreased $0.4 million for the six months ended June 28, 2026 due primarily to a decrease in comparable sales of 7.4% and due to fewer Domestic Company-owned restaurants as a result of the 2025 refranchising transaction, partially offset by commodity deflation and by the change in cost allocation methodology mentioned above, which resulted in a $4.2 million increase in Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 28, 2026.

North America franchising segment adjusted EBITDA decreased $3.1 million and $5.0 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 primarily due to decreases in comparable sales of 8.2% and 7.4%, respectively.

North America commissaries segment adjusted EBITDA increased $2.7 million for the three months ended June 28, 2026 primarily due to higher prices, partially offset by lower transaction volumes in 2026. North America commissaries segment adjusted EBITDA decreased $4.2 million for the six months ended June 28, 2026 primarily due to lower transaction volumes, franchisee food cost subsidies during the first quarter, and timing of planned pricing during the year.

International segment adjusted EBITDA increased $1.7 million and $4.5 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 primarily due to increases in comparable sales of 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The six months ended June 28, 2026 also increased year-over-year due to favorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

4-wall EBITDA

4-wall EBITDA and 4-wall EBITDA margin are non-GAAP measures used to evaluate the performance of our Domestic Company-owned restaurants. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for the definition of 4-wall EBITDA and 4-wall EBITDA margin as well as a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measures.

4-wall EBITDA and 4-wall EBITDA margin are presented in the table below. Segment revenue and segment cost of sales for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants in the table below are presented in the segment footnote to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 280. See “Note 12. Segment

Information” of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” for further information on our segments.

(a) During the current year, the Company updated its internal cost allocation methodology for certain centrally incurred costs. As a result, a portion of costs previously allocated to the Domestic Company‑owned restaurants segment is now reflected within Unallocated corporate expenses and the North America commissaries segment. The change is prospective and does not affect total reported expenses. We have adjusted for the change in cost allocation in the prior period when calculating 4-wall EBITDA to ensure comparability.

4-wall EBITDA decreased $6.3 million to $15.6 million for the three months ended June 28, 2026 as compared to the prior year comparable period. The decrease was partially due to the 2025 refranchising transaction, which contributed to a decrease of approximately $2 million due to fewer Domestic Company-owned restaurants. The decrease was also due to lower transaction volumes and higher prices, partially offset by lower labor costs due to increased productivity and lower local advertising costs.

4-wall EBITDA margin for the three months ended June 28, 2026 decreased 1.3% primarily due to lower transaction volumes and higher prices, partially offset by lower labor costs due to increased productivity and lower local advertising costs. This decrease was also partially offset by the impact of the 2025 refranchising transaction, which drove a 0.7% margin increase over the comparable periods.

4-wall EBITDA decreased $7.6 million to $32.2 million for the six months ended June 28, 2026, as compared to the prior year comparable period. The decrease was partially due to the 2025 refranchising transaction, which contributed to a decrease of approximately $4 million. The decrease was also due to lower transaction volumes and higher prices, partially offset by lower labor costs due to increased productivity and lower local advertising costs.

4-wall EBITDA margin for the six months ended June 28, 2026 was 11.5%, consistent with the prior year comparable period. Margin decreases due to lower transaction volumes and higher prices in 2026 were offset by commodity deflation,

lower labor costs due to increased productivity, lower local advertising costs, and were also offset by the impact of the 2025 refranchising transaction, which drove a 0.6% margin increase over the comparable periods.

Items Below Operating Income

The following table sets forth the various items below Operating income from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Net Interest Expense

Net interest expense decreased $1.1 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, compared with the prior year comparable periods, primarily due to lower average interest rates.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate was 36.4% and 36.8% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to an effective income tax rate of 30.5% and 31.6% for the prior year comparable periods, respectively. The higher effective tax rate was primarily due to a shift in income between jurisdictions, tax shortfall generated by vesting of restricted shares, and lower projected income tax credits.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income included $0.2 million of income attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three months ended June 28, 2026 and $0.2 million of losses attributable to noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 28, 2026, compared with income of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in the prior year comparable periods.

Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

Diluted earnings per common share were $0.24 and $0.46 for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to $0.28 and $0.56 for the prior year comparable periods, respectively, representing a decrease of $0.04 and $0.10, respectively. Adjusted diluted earnings per common share, a non-GAAP measure, was $0.46 and $0.78 for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to adjusted diluted earnings per common share of $0.41

and $0.77 for the prior year comparable periods, respectively, representing an increase of $0.05 and $0.01, respectively. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for additional information.

Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we provide certain non-GAAP measures, which present results on an adjusted basis. These are supplemental measures of performance that are not required by or presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and include the following: adjusted EBITDA, 4-wall EBITDA, 4-wall EBITDA margin, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders, and adjusted diluted earnings per common share. We believe that our non-GAAP financial measures enable investors to assess the operating performance of our business relative to our performance based on U.S. GAAP results and relative to other companies. We believe that the disclosure of these non-GAAP measures is useful to investors as they reflect metrics that our management team and Board utilize to evaluate our operating performance, allocate resources and administer employee incentive plans. The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures to adjusted EBITDA, 4-wall EBITDA, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders, and adjusted diluted earnings per common share, are net income, segment adjusted EBITDA, net income attributable to common shareholders, and diluted earnings per common share, respectively. These non-GAAP measures should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the Company’s U.S. GAAP results.

The table below reconciles our GAAP financial results to our non-GAAP financial measures.

`

(a)For the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, represents costs associated with the Enterprise Transformation Plan. These amounts are inclusive of $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, of non-cash stock-based compensation and depreciation expenses which are excluded from adjusted EBITDA above but are reflected as adjustments to non-GAAP diluted EPS. For the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, represents costs associated with the International Transformation Plan. Refer to “Note 9. Restructuring” for additional details.

(b)For the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, represents costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations.

For the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, other costs is comprised of the following:

i.Losses on disposal of equipment incurred in connection with the termination of a COVID-era program that pre-purchased store equipment due to supply chain challenges;

ii.Costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations; and

iii.Costs incurred, net of anticipated insurance recoveries, arising from tornadoes that damaged the Texas QC Center as well as the restaurant support center and QC Center in Louisville, Kentucky.

(c)Represents additional net transaction expense (gain), associated with the refranchising of 85 restaurants on November 24, 2025. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest for the six months ended June 28, 2026 was approximately $0.4 million. See “Note 11. Divestitures ” for additional details.

(d)Represents incremental accelerated depreciation expense related to the shortened useful life of legacy capitalized software assets due to the ongoing development and deployment of our new point-of-sale system and omnichannel platform.

(e)The tax effect on non-GAAP adjustments was calculated by applying the marginal tax rates of 23.2% for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, and 22.7% for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025. For the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, the income tax effect excludes $0.3 million of additional state income tax expense included as a separate non-GAAP adjustment that was classified within Income tax expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements.

(f)During the current year, the Company updated its internal cost allocation methodology for certain centrally incurred costs. As a result, a portion of costs previously allocated to the Domestic Company‑owned restaurants segment is now reflected within Unallocated corporate expenses and the North America commissaries segment. The change is prospective and does not affect total reported expenses. We have included a conforming adjustment in the historical period when reconciling segment adjusted EBITDA to 4-wall EBITDA to ensure comparability.

(g)4-wall EBITDA is defined as Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment revenue less total Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment cost of sales. Domestic Company-owned restaurants cost of sales include expenses incurred by our Domestic Company-owned restaurants in generating revenue, including cost of food, paper, and cleaning products (‘COS – Product Costs’), cost of restaurant-level labor (‘COS – Salaries & Benefits’), and costs of delivery expenses, Company-owned restaurant advertising costs, insurance, rent, aggregator fees, and other costs (‘COS – Other’). 4-wall EBITDA margin is defined as 4-wall EBITDA divided by segment revenue for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment. We use 4-wall EBITDA for the purposes of internally evaluating the performance of our Domestic Company-owned restaurants, and we believe 4-wall EBITDA provides additional information to investors as to the unit economics and restaurant-level profitability of our Domestic Company-owned restaurants. The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure to 4-wall EBITDA is segment adjusted EBITDA, which is our segment performance measure as presented in the segment footnote to our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 280. See “Note 12. Segment Information” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” for further information regarding the Company’s segments.

In addition, we present free cash flow in this report, which is a non-GAAP measure. Please see “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Free Cash Flow” for a discussion of why we believe free cash flow provides useful information regarding our financial condition and results of operations, and a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows from operations and borrowings under the revolving credit facility (the “PJI Revolving Facility”) that forms a part of our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 26, 2025 (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured term loan in a principal amount of $200 million (the “Term Loan”) and a principal amount of $600 million available for borrowing under the PJI Revolving Facility.

Our principal uses of cash are operating expenses, capital expenditures, and returning value to our shareholders in the form of cash dividends and share repurchases. Our capital priorities are:

• investing for growth
• maintaining a strong balance sheet, and
• returning capital to shareholders

In accordance with our capital allocation strategy, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to suspend the quarterly dividend beginning with our third quarter dividend in August 2026. This action will allow the Company to accelerate investment in its transformation strategy to drive our next phase of growth and increases our flexibility to make targeted investments in the organization.

The Company believes that its balances of cash and cash equivalents and borrowing capacity, along with cash generated by operations and from asset sales, will be sufficient to satisfy its cash requirements, cash dividends, interest payments and share repurchases over the next twelve months and beyond.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash flows for the six months ended June 28, 2026 and June 29, 2025:

Operating Activities

Total cash provided by operating activities was $35.8 million for the six months ended June 28, 2026 compared to $66.8 million for the corresponding period of 2025. The decrease of $31.0 million primarily reflects lower net income, timing of collections and marketing spend within our advertising fund, and higher compensation payments within the period, inclusive of the Enterprise Transformation Plan, partially offset by enactment of the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” in July 2025 that reduced cash taxes paid during 2026 due to the reinstatement of 100% bonus depreciation and full expensing for domestic research and development expenditures.

Investing Activities

Total cash used in investing activities was $17.9 million for the six months ended June 28, 2026 compared to $19.4 million for the same period in 2025. Net cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 28, 2026 primarily reflects $27.6 million in capital expenditures, which includes $1.2 million of additional capital expenditures related to natural disasters. Primary sources of cash in investing activities included $4.3 million from the sale of the building occupied by our former print and promotions business in Louisville, Kentucky and additional cash received related to the 2025 refranchising transaction, as well as distributions of $3.2 million related to our deferred compensation plan. Net cash used in investing activities of $19.4 million for the six months ended June 29, 2025 primarily reflects $31.7 million in capital expenditures partially offset by repayment of notes issued of $4.5 million and distributions of $4.7 million related to our deferred compensation plan.

Capital expenditures declined by $3.9 million compared to the prior year period due to lower remodel and technology spending during the first half of 2026. We estimate that our capital expenditures during 2026 will be approximately $70 million to $80 million. This estimate includes capital outlays for improvements to existing Company-owned restaurants and for development of new restaurants as well as investments in technology platforms and our supply chain. We intend to fund our capital expenditures with cash generated by operations and borrowings under our PJI Revolving Facility, as necessary.

Financing Activities

Total cash used in financing activities was $26.1 million for the six months ended June 28, 2026 compared to $52.8 million for the same period in 2025. The primary uses of cash in financing activities during the first six months of 2026 were dividend payments of $30.9 million, payments related to finance leases of $5.1 million, and tax payments on equity award issuances of $1.6 million. The primary source of cash from financing activities was net proceeds of $11.3 million under the PJI Revolving Facility.

In the first half of 2025, the primary uses of cash for financing activities were $30.5 million in dividend payments, payments related to finance leases of $4.9 million, and tax payments on equity award issuances of $1.2 million. Cash used in financing activities also reflects the impact of net repayments of $16.1 million under the PJI Revolving Facility throughout the year, which includes the refinancing of our debt via the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement during the first quarter of 2025 that resulted in borrowings of $200.0 million under the new Term Loan, from which the proceeds were used to repay $196.8 million to the PJI Revolving Facility as well as $3.2 million in related issuance costs.

There were no share repurchases in the first six months of 2026 or 2025.

Debt

Our outstanding debt as of June 28, 2026 was $733.5 million, which was comprised of $400.0 million principal amount of our 3.875% senior notes (the “Notes”), $200.0 million of Term Loan borrowings, and $133.5 million outstanding under the PJI Revolving Facility and PJMF Revolving Facility. Remaining availability under the PJI Revolving Facility as of June 28, 2026 was approximately $468.7 million.

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants that, among other things, require customary reporting obligations, and restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, the consummation of certain mergers, consolidations, sales of assets and similar transactions, the making of investments, equity distributions and other restricted payments, and transactions with affiliates. The Company is also subject to certain financial covenants, as shown in the following table, that could restrict or impose constraints on the liquidity of our business:

Permitted Ratio Actual Ratio as of June 28, 2026

Leverage ratio Not to exceed 5.25 to 1.0 3.3 to 1.0

Interest coverage ratio Not less than 2.00 to 1.0 3.3 to 1.0

Our leverage ratio is defined as outstanding debt divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the most recent four fiscal quarters. Our interest coverage ratio is defined as the sum of Consolidated EBITDA and consolidated rental expense for the most recent four fiscal quarters divided by the sum of consolidated interest expense and consolidated rental expense for the most recent four fiscal quarters. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of June 28, 2026.

In addition, the Indenture governing the Notes contains customary covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, limit our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness; pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock; prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt; issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities; make loans and investments; sell assets; incur liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; and consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets.

PJMF has a $30.0 million revolving line of credit under the PJMF Revolving Facility, pursuant to a Revolving Loan Agreement dated September 30, 2015 and most recently amended on September 30, 2025. As of June 28, 2026, the

principal amount of debt outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility was approximately $2.3 million. The PJMF Revolving Facility is secured by substantially all assets of PJMF. The PJMF Revolving Facility matures on September 30, 2026, but is subject to annual renewals. The borrowings under the PJMF Revolving Facility accrue interest at a variable rate of a one month SOFR plus 1.975%. The PJMF operating results and the related debt outstanding do not impact the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 28, 2025 for additional information.

Share Repurchases

Share repurchases are part of our long-term growth and capital allocation strategy. On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. There was no share repurchase activity during the three and six months ended June 28, 2026 or June 29, 2025. Approximately $90.2 million remained available under the Company’s share repurchase program as of June 28, 2026.

The Company utilizes a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from time to time to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or otherwise.

Dividends

Beginning with our third quarter dividend in August 2026, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to suspend the quarterly dividend. The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors. The Company paid aggregate cash dividends to common stockholders of $30.9 million ($0.92 per share) and $30.5 million ($0.92 per share) for the six months ended June 28, 2026 and June 29, 2025, respectively.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure, is defined as net cash provided by operating activities (from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows) less the purchases of property and equipment, excluding purchases of property and equipment related to damages from natural disasters. We view free cash flow as an important financial measure because it is one factor that management uses in determining the amount of cash available for discretionary investment. Free cash flow is not a term defined by GAAP, and as a result, our measure of free cash flow might not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Free cash flow should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the Company’s GAAP measures.

The Company’s free cash flow was as follows for the six month periods of 2026 and 2025:

Cash Requirements

In the first quarter of 2026, the Company entered into a multi-year agreement for point‑of‑sale and restaurant operations software services which will expire on December 23, 2034, with a one year extension option. The agreement includes deployment requirements that specify a minimum number of Company‑owned and franchised restaurants to be installed and activated on the software platform by November 30, 2026 and by November 30, 2027. The total estimated contractual commitment for software services is approximately $125 million to $140 million over the term of the agreement, contingent upon variable components such as the timing of the deployment schedule and associated contractual credits. These amounts are expected to be largely recovered through technology fees charged to our franchisees over the term of the agreement. As of June 28, 2026, the Company had not incurred any amounts related to these provisions.

Other than the contractual commitment discussed above, there have been no material changes in our cash requirements other than those incurred in the ordinary course of business since the end of 2025. Refer to “Contractual Obligations” presented within “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2025 for additional information regarding our cash requirements.

Impact of Inflation and Macroeconomic Trends

Inflationary pressures affect our profitability both directly, in our Company-owned restaurants and delivery mechanisms and through gross margins experienced by sales of food and supply items via our QC Centers, as well as indirectly, through higher food ingredient and paper and supply costs, rising fees from delivery aggregators driven by higher wage demands and increases in delivery costs that, once reflected in upward price adjustments on their fees, can exert downward pressure on unit sales, reducing royalty fees we realize from our Domestic and International franchisees. Compensating menu price increases are subject to competitive pressure in the markets in which we operate. Expense control measures are also deployed to offset higher costs when possible. Food costs, in particular the cost of cheese, are managed to an extent by pricing agreements with suppliers and forward purchase contracts we enter into, as discussed in “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

While we continue to monitor the impact of current and potential tariffs and assess our ability to manage any impacts, tariffs have not had a material impact on our business to date, and we currently do not believe that tariffs imposed by the United States government will have a significant negative impact to our Domestic business, as a substantial proportion of our ingredients and supply items are sourced domestically. However, the extent to which tariffs may increase the price of other goods and services and how they may alter discretionary spending patterns by our customers or impact our franchisees’ profitability is currently unknown.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes on our PJI Revolving Facility and PJMF Revolving Facility. We attempt to minimize interest rate risk exposure by fixing our interest rate through the utilization of interest rate swaps, which are derivative financial instruments. Our swaps are entered into with financial institutions that participate in the PJI Revolving Facility. By using a derivative instrument to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit risk due to the possible failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. We do not enter into contracts for trading purposes and do not use leveraged instruments. The market risks associated with our debt obligations as of June 28, 2026 have not changed from those reported in “Part II. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative

Disclosure About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2025. See “Note 8. Debt” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on our debt obligations and derivative instruments.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations from our operations outside of the United States, which can adversely impact our revenues, net income and cash flows. Our International operations principally consist of distribution sales to franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the UK, operation of Company-owned restaurants in the UK, and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees. Approximately 9.3% and 9.2% of our revenues were derived from these operations for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively, as compared to 8.3% and 8.0% for the prior year comparable periods, respectively.

We have not historically hedged our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a favorable impact of approximately $0.7 million and a favorable impact of approximately $2.9 million on International revenues for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively; and a favorable impact of $1.9 million and a favorable impact of approximately $2.0 million on International revenues for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a favorable impact of approximately $0.7 million and a favorable impact of approximately $2.9 million on operating income for the three and six months ended June 28, 2026, respectively; and an unfavorable impact of approximately $0.1 million and a favorable impact of approximately $0.1 million on operating income for the three and six months ended June 29, 2025, respectively.

Commodity Price Risk

In the ordinary course of business, the food and paper products we purchase, including cheese (our largest ingredient cost), are subject to seasonal fluctuations, weather, availability, demand and other factors that are beyond our control. We have pricing agreements with some of our vendors, including forward pricing agreements for a portion of our cheese purchases for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants, which are accounted for as normal purchases; however, we still remain exposed to ongoing commodity volatility, and increases in commodity prices or food costs, including as a result of inflation, could negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of operations. We have not historically entered into other financial instruments that would be accounted for as hedging instruments to manage this risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there was no change made in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 450, “Contingencies”, the Company has made accruals with respect to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. The legal proceedings described in “Note 10. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” of “Notes to

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” within “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share Repurchase Program

On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. There was no share repurchase activity during the three months ended June 28, 2026, and approximately $90.2 million remained available under the Company’s share repurchase program as of June 28, 2026.

The Company utilizes a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from time to time to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or otherwise.

Repurchases of Stock for Tax Withholdings

During the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2026, the Company acquired approximately 7,000 shares of its common stock from employees to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose upon vesting of restricted stock granted pursuant to approved plans.

Item 5. Other Information

Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended June 28, 2026, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Ratification of Certain Matters

On July 31, 2026, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Papa John’s International, Inc. (the “Company”) adopted resolutions ratifying (the “Ratification”) under Section 204 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”): (1) the grant of certain performance-based restricted stock units and time-based restricted stock with respect to a maximum aggregate of 232,254 shares (the “Equity Awards”) of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”), $0.01 par value per share (of which 188 shares of time based restricted stock may constitute putative stock) granted under the Company’s 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”), due to the failure of the issuance of the Equity Awards to have been authorized in accordance with the Plan and Delaware law and (2) an amendment to the Plan, effective January 1, 2025, to permit the grant of the Equity Awards. The Company inadvertently issued and delivered the Equity Awards to the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer on March 3, 2025 (performance-based restricted stock units with respect to a maximum of 59,514 shares) and March 2, 2026 (188 shares of time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock units with respect to a maximum of 172,552 shares) in excess of the individual sublimit on the number of shares of stock subject to certain awards that may be granted to individual award recipients in a fiscal year under the Plan. Any claim that any defective corporate act or putative stock ratified pursuant to the Ratification is void or voidable due to the failure of authorization as described above or that the Delaware Court of Chancery should declare in its discretion that the Ratification in accordance with Section 204 of the DGCL not be effective or be effective only on certain conditions must be brought within the later of 120 days from (i) the validation effective time (which is July 31, 2026) and (ii) the giving of this notice (which is deemed given on the date that this Form 10-Q is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission).

Item 6. Exhibits

*Filed herewith