General Motors GM Payment of purchase credits

Under current regulations, shortfalls to certain emissions standards could result in legal or regulatory proceedings, the recall or decertification of one or more of our products, negotiated remedial actions, fines and penalties, and/or restricted product offerings. Based on our current and forecasted sales mix, we currently have, and expect to continue to have shortfalls in complying with current U.S. regulations. We recorded compliance-related costs of $0.9 billion, $1.0 billion, and $0.7 billion in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 in Automotive and other cost of sales. Our compliance-related costs in the year ended December 31, 2025 include an insignificant charge to write off acquired CAFE credits and $0.4 billion related to the GHG regulations that the EPA has proposed to remove. Additional compliance costs, under current regulations, including potential fines and penalties, are not reasonably estimable and could be substantial. In the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we paid $0.4 billion, $2.0 billion, and $0.5 billion to purchase credits to facilitate our compliance with regulations. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the carrying amount of our acquired credits was $1.4 billion and $2.1 billion, of which we expect that $1.1 billion may be subject to impairment in the near term should the EPA remove GHG regulations.