Citizens (CIA) Form 10-Q SEC Filing

(In thousands)	June 30, 2026	December 31, 2025
	(Unaudited)
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: and in 2026 and 2025, respectively)
Equity securities, at fair value	1,233	1,356
Policy loans
Other long-term investments (portion measured at fair value $82,979 and $85,157 in 2026 and 2025, respectively)
Total investments
Cash and cash equivalents (restricted portion: $1,554 in both 2026 and 2025)	16,960	22,976
Accrued investment income
Receivable for securities
Reinsurance recoverable
Deferred policy acquisition costs
Cost of insurance acquired
Current federal income tax receivable
Property and equipment, net
Due premiums
Other assets (less allowance for losses of $732 and $740 in 2026 and 2025, respectively)
Total assets

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 2

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets, Continued

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(In thousands, except share amounts)	June 30, 2026	December 31, 2025
	(Unaudited)
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:
Liabilities:
Policy liabilities:
Future policy benefit reserves:
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Total future policy benefit reserves
Policyholders' funds:
Annuities
Dividend accumulations
Premiums paid in advance
Policy claims payable
Other policyholders' funds	8,134	7,955
Total policyholders' funds
Total policy liabilities
Commissions payable	4,810	4,186
Deferred federal income tax liability
Other liabilities	39,850	47,455
Total liabilities	1,516,896	1,519,775
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 7 and 8)
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock:
Class A, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 54,968,998 and 54,625,652 shares issued and outstanding in 2026 and 2025, respectively, including shares in treasury of 4,327,810 in 2026 and 2025	273,304	272,294
Class B, no par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,001,714 shares issued and outstanding in 2026 and 2025, including shares in treasury of 1,001,714 in 2026 and 2025	3,184	3,184
Retained earnings	73,496	71,653
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(91,095)	(88,421)
Treasury stock, at cost	()	()
Total stockholders' equity	235,164	234,985
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 3

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Unaudited

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(In thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Revenues:
Premiums
Net investment income
Investment related gains (losses), net	()		()	()
Other income
Total revenues
Benefits and Expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		()	()	()
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss
Policyholders' dividends
Total insurance benefits paid or provided
Commissions
Other general expenses
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()	()	()
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired
Total benefits and expenses
Income (loss) before federal income tax	()
Federal income tax expense (benefit)	()
Net income (loss)	(425)	6,459	1,843	4,836
Per Share Amounts:
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	(0.01)	0.13	0.04	0.10
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period			()
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income (loss)	()
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net			()
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	(8,393)	4,003	8,742	(4,586)
Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items	(948)	995	(634)	1,932
Other comprehensive income (loss)	()		()
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$()		()

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 4

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

Common Stock Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury Stock Total Stockholders' Equity
(In thousands) Class A Class B

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Balance at December 31, 2025	⁠	$272,294	3,184	71,653	(88,421)	(23,725)	234,985
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	—		—	2,268	—	—	2,268
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	938	—
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	2,268	938	—
Stock-based compensation	477		—	—	—	—
Balance at March 31, 2026	272,771		3,184	73,921	(87,483)	(23,725)	238,668
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	—		—	(425)	—	—	(425)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	(3,612)	—	()
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	(425)	(3,612)	—	()
Stock-based compensation	533		—	—	—	—
Balance at June 30, 2026	⁠	$273,304	3,184	73,496	(91,095)	(23,725)	235,164

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Balance at December 31, 2024	⁠	$269,799	3,184	57,062	(95,965)	(23,725)	210,355
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	—		—	(1,623)	—	—	(1,623)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	8,891	—
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	(1,623)	8,891	—
Stock-based compensation	516		—	—	—	—
Balance at March 31, 2025	270,315		3,184	55,439	(87,074)	(23,725)	218,139
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	—		—	6,459	—	—	6,459
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	3,419	—
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	6,459	3,419	—
Stock-based compensation	1,009		—	—	—	—
Balance at June 30, 2025	⁠	$271,324	3,184	61,898	(83,655)	(23,725)	229,026

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Unaudited

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Six Months Ended June 30,(In thousands)	2026	2025
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$1,843	4,836
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Investment related (gains) losses on sale of investments and other assets, net
Net deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired
Depreciation
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments
Stock-based compensation
Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	()	()
Change in:
Accrued investment income	(1,304)	23
Reinsurance recoverable	()	()
Due premiums
Future policy benefit reserves	1,907	(6,335)
Other policyholders' liabilities
Federal income tax receivable	()	()
Commissions payable and other liabilities	()	()
Other, net		()
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	()	()
Sales of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale
Maturities and calls of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale
Principal payments on mortgage loans	5	4
Change in policy loans
Sales of other long-term investments
Purchases of other long-term investments	()	()
Purchases of property and equipment	()	()
Net cash used in investing activities	()	()
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued

Unaudited

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Six Months Ended June 30,(In thousands)	2026	2025
Cash flows from financing activities:
Annuity deposits
Annuity withdrawals	()	()
Other share repurchases		()
Net cash used in financing activities	()	()
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	()	()
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	22,976	29,271
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$16,960	22,671

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, various fixed maturity issuers exchanged securities with book values of million and million, respectively, for securities of equal value.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 7

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Citizens, Inc. ("Citizens" or the "Company"), a Colorado corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CICA Life Insurance Company of America ("CLOA"), CICA Life Ltd. ("CICA Bermuda"), Security Plan Life Insurance Company ("SPLIC"), Magnolia Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("MGLIC"), Computing Technology, Inc. ("CTI"), and Nexo Global Services LLC, a Puerto Rico holding company ("Nexo") and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CICA Life A.I., a Puerto Rico company ("CICA International") and Nexo Enrollment Services LLC, a Puerto Rico service company ("NES"). All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Citizens and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the "Company," "it," "we," "us" or "our".

The consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2026, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and stockholders' equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025 have been prepared by the Company without audit and are not subject to audit. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and changes in cash flows at June 30, 2026 and for comparative periods have been made. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 ("2025 Form 10-K"). Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

The Company operates through two segments: International Insurance and Domestic Insurance.

International Insurance. All International policies are issued by CICA International. CICA International offers U.S. dollar-denominated products to non-U.S. residents/citizens internationally, including endowment products, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate an element of life insurance protection and whole life insurance. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured and may utilize rider benefits to provide additional increasing or decreasing coverage and annuity benefits to enhance accumulations. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, CICA Bermuda, was removed from the Register of Companies in Bermuda and dissolved pursuant to applicable Bermuda law. The dissolution did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NES provides services to policyholders of CICA International.

Domestic Insurance. Our Domestic Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries CLOA, which issues whole life, final expense and life products with living benefits throughout the U.S. and SPLIC and MGLIC, which focus on the life insurance needs of the lower-income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Our products in this segment consist primarily of small face amounts of whole life, industrial life and pre-need policies, which are designed to fund final expenses for the insured, primarily relating to funeral and burial costs. SPLIC also issues critical illness policies.

CTI provides data processing systems and services to the Company.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 8

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Significant estimates include those used in the evaluation of credit losses on fixed maturity securities, valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, and actuarially determined assets and liabilities. Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For a description of all significant accounting policies, see Part IV, Item 15, Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2025 Form 10-K, which should be read in conjunction with these accompanying consolidated financial statements.

(2) ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses", which is intended to enhance expense disclosures by requiring additional disaggregation of certain costs and expenses, on an interim and annual basis, within the footnotes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. This ASU will impact only our disclosures and not our financial condition or results of operations. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this pronouncement on the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

No other new accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the year had, or are expected to have, a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(3) INVESTMENTS

The Company invests primarily in fixed maturity securities as shown below.

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Carrying Value(In thousands, except for %)	June 30, 2026Amount	June 30, 2026%	December 31, 2025Amount	December 31, 2025%
Cash and invested assets:
Fixed maturity securities		88.4%		87.9%
Equity securities	1,233	0.1	1,356	0.1
Policy loans		4.6		4.6
Other long-term investments		5.7		5.8
Cash and cash equivalents	16,960	1.2	22,976	1.6
Total cash and invested assets		100.0%		100.0%

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 9

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following tables represent the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of fixed maturity securities as of the dates indicated.

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June 30, 2026	Amortized Cost	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
(In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$5,667	18	113	5,572
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	1,261	53	—	1,314
States and political subdivisions	285,103	1,368	28,086	258,385
Corporate:
Financial	326,003	2,144	29,825	298,322
Consumer	249,191	492	40,120	209,563
Utilities	140,695	399	20,882	120,212
Energy	84,244	215	7,791	76,668
Communications	74,475	320	9,561	65,234
All other	123,430	392	16,376	107,446
Commercial mortgage-backed	10,368	1	99	10,270
Residential mortgage-backed	106,044	5	9,130	96,919
Asset-backed	32,221	597	663	32,155
Total fixed maturity securities

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December 31, 2025	Amortized Cost	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
(In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$5,692	61	99	5,654
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	1,268	86	—	1,354
States and political subdivisions	294,347	1,881	27,436	268,792
Corporate:
Financial	323,056	4,137	26,847	300,346
Consumer	244,480	797	39,093	206,184
Utilities	136,005	829	20,048	116,786
Energy	82,205	473	7,622	75,056
Communications	69,719	256	8,454	61,521
All other	122,240	764	16,027	106,977
Commercial mortgage-backed	8,872	24	2	8,894
Residential mortgage-backed	111,243	28	8,183	103,088
Asset-backed	33,327	412	530	33,209
Total fixed maturity securities

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 10

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Company's investments in equity securities are shown below.

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Fair Value(In thousands)	June 30, 2026	December 31, 2025
Equity securities:
Bond mutual funds	$217	219
Common stocks	1,009	1,130
Non-redeemable preferred stock	7	7
Total equity securities	$1,233	1,356

VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS

Available-for-sale ("AFS") fixed maturity securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at fair value with the change in fair value recorded through other comprehensive income (loss). Equity securities are also measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements with the change in fair value recorded through net income (loss). The Company recognized net investment related losses of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and losses of $16 thousand and gains of $31 thousand for the same periods in 2025, respectively, on equity securities held.

The Company considers several factors in its review and evaluation of individual investments, using the process described in Part IV, Item 15, Note 2. Investments in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of our 2025 Form 10-K to determine whether a credit valuation loss exists. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded no credit valuation losses on fixed maturity securities.

For fixed maturity security investments that have unrealized losses as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the gross unrealized losses and related fair values that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position by timeframe are as follows:

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June 30, 2026(In thousands, except for of securities)	Less than 12 monthsFair Value	Less than 12 monthsUnrealized Losses	Less than 12 monthsof Securities	Greater than 12 monthsFair Value	Greater than 12 monthsUnrealized Losses	Greater than 12 monthsof Securities	TotalFair Value	TotalUnrealized Losses	Totalof Securities
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$406	4	1	875	109	7	1,281	113	8
States and political subdivisions	45,410	615	55	133,801	27,471	171	179,211	28,086	226
Corporate:
Financial	56,766	1,041	86	142,796	28,784	177	199,562	29,825	263
Consumer	29,360	673	55	159,785	39,447	213	189,145	40,120	268
Utilities	18,502	472	40	80,867	20,410	152	99,369	20,882	192
Energy	25,290	424	45	40,629	7,367	53	65,919	7,791	98
Communications	17,495	470	26	40,927	9,091	49	58,422	9,561	75
All Other	25,831	292	39	67,261	16,084	88	93,092	16,376	127
Commercial mortgage-backed	8,473	97	2	73	2	1	8,546	99	3
Residential mortgage-backed	8,367	165	12	87,476	8,965	71	95,843	9,130	83
Asset-backed	6,417	93	9	12,431	570	14	18,848	663	23
Total fixed maturity securities			370

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 11

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

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December 31, 2025(In thousands, except for of securities)	Less than 12 monthsFair Value	Less than 12 monthsUnrealized Losses	Less than 12 monthsof Securities	Greater than 12 monthsFair Value	Greater than 12 monthsUnrealized Losses	Greater than 12 monthsof Securities	TotalFair Value	TotalUnrealized Losses	Totalof Securities
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	—	—	—	883	99	7	883	99	7
States and political subdivisions	21,991	147	28	145,859	27,289	180	167,850	27,436	208
Corporate:
Financial	13,485	196	23	148,244	26,651	182	161,729	26,847	205
Consumer	19,282	361	25	165,229	38,732	225	184,511	39,093	250
Utilities	12,109	170	35	82,012	19,878	152	94,121	20,048	187
Energy	11,650	214	24	44,795	7,408	55	56,445	7,622	79
Communications	10,682	126	14	39,964	8,328	50	50,646	8,454	64
All Other	4,289	38	13	72,186	15,989	93	76,475	16,027	106
Commercial mortgage-backed	—	—	—	79	2	1	79	2	1
Residential mortgage-backed	17	—	4	93,197	8,183	77	93,214	8,183	81
Asset-backed	1,569	66	2	11,569	464	13	13,138	530	15
Total fixed maturity securities			168

In each category of our fixed maturity securities described above, we do not intend to sell our investments, and it is unlikely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, % of the fair value of our fixed maturity securities portfolio were rated investment grade. While the losses are currently unrealized, we continue to monitor all fixed maturity securities on an on-going basis as future information may become available which could result in an allowance being recorded.

These unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in credit spreads and rising interest rates since purchase, which have little bearing on the recoverability of our investments, hence they are not recognized as credit losses. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity or if market yields for such investments decline.

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities at June 30, 2026 by contractual maturity are shown in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date have been reflected based upon final stated maturity.

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June 30, 2026	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
(In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years
Total fixed maturity securities

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 12

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Company uses the specific identification method of each individual security to determine the cost basis used in the calculation of realized gains and losses related to fixed maturity security sales.

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(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
Proceeds	$4,718	14,504	16,479	14,569
Gross realized gains	$104	91	159	92
Gross realized losses

(4) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We hold AFS fixed maturity securities, which are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported through other comprehensive income (loss). We also report our equity securities and certain other long-term investments at fair value with changes in fair value reported through the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories.

Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as U.S. Treasury securities and actively traded mutual fund and stock investments.

Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued by independent pricing services or broker quotes. These pricing models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various inputs, such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rates for the underlying financial instruments. All significant inputs are observable or derived from observable information in the marketplace or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Financial instruments in this category primarily include corporate securities, U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise securities, securities issued by states and political subdivisions and certain mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker prices utilizing significant inputs not based on or corroborated by readily available market information. We have no investments in this category.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 13

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following tables set forth our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.

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June 30, 2026	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total Fair Value
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$5,572	1,314	—	6,886
States and political subdivisions	—	258,385	—	258,385
Corporate	40	877,405	—	877,445
Commercial mortgage-backed	—	10,270	—	10,270
Residential mortgage-backed	—	96,919	—	96,919
Asset-backed	—	32,155	—	32,155
Total fixed maturity securities	5,612	1,276,448	—	1,282,060
Equity securities:
Bond mutual funds	217	—	—	217
Common stocks	1,009	—	—	1,009
Non-redeemable preferred stock	7	—	—	7
Total equity securities	1,233	—	—	1,233
Other long-term investments (1)	—	—	—	82,979
Total financial assets	$6,845	1,276,448	—	1,366,272

(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 14

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

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December 31, 2025	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total Fair Value
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$5,654	1,354	—	7,008
States and political subdivisions	—	268,792	—	268,792
Corporate	42	866,828	—	866,870
Commercial mortgage-backed	—	8,894	—	8,894
Residential mortgage-backed	—	103,088	—	103,088
Asset-backed	—	33,209	—	33,209
Total fixed maturity securities	5,696	1,282,165	—	1,287,861
Equity securities:
Bond mutual funds	219	—	—	219
Common stocks	1,130	—	—	1,130
Non-redeemable preferred stock	7	—	—	7
Total equity securities	1,356	—	—	1,356
Other long-term investments (1)	—	—	—	85,157
Total financial assets	$7,052	1,282,165	—	1,374,374
(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS VALUATION

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale. At June 30, 2026, fixed maturity securities, valued using a third-party pricing source, totaled $1.3 billion for Level 2 assets and comprised 93.4% of total reported fair value of our total financial assets. The Level 1 and Level 2 valuations are reviewed and updated quarterly through testing by comparisons to separate pricing models, other third-party pricing services, and back tested to recent trades. In addition, we obtain information annually relative to the third-party pricing models and review model parameters for reasonableness. There were no Level 3 assets as of June 30, 2026. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, there were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values, and no broker or third-party prices were changed from the values received.

Equity securities. Our equity securities are classified as Level 1 assets as their fair values are based upon quoted market prices.

Structured note. At June 30, 2026, the Company held an investment in a structured note, which includes components classified as fixed maturity securities and other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets. The partner interest is included in other long-term investments and is measured at its net asset value ("NAV") of $2.6 million as a practical expedient, which approximates fair value. The Company recognized investment related losses of $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, related to changes in fair value. These investments are included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2026, we are committed to funding this structured note investment up to $4.1 million over the next nine years.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 15

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Limited partnerships. The Company considers the NAV to represent the value of the investment fund and is measured by the total value of assets minus the total value of liabilities. The following table includes information related to our investments in limited partnerships that calculate NAV per share. For these investments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we use the NAV per share to measure fair value. The Company recognized net investment related losses of $2.4 million and $0.6 million and gains of $2.9 million and $1.4 million on limited partnerships held for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, related to changes in fair value. These investments are included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

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Line item	June 30, 2026Fair Value Using NAV Per Share	June 30, 2026Unfunded Commit-ments	June 30, 2026Range(In years)	December 31, 2025Fair Value Using NAV Per Share	December 31, 2025Unfunded Commit-ments	December 31, 2025Range (In years)
Description
Limited partnerships:
Investments in privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in North America-based companies	$29,369	—	2	$30,956	—	2
Investments in private late-stage, established companies seeking capital to accelerate growth prior to an IPO or sale	35,969	1,316	2 to 4	36,623	2,232	2 to 4
Investments in environmental infrastructure and related technology, focusing on renewable power generation and distribution	15,081	2,383	7	15,013	4,052	8
Total limited partnerships	$80,419	3,699		$82,592	6,284

The majority of our limited partnership investments are not redeemable because distributions from the funds will be received when the underlying investments of the funds are liquidated. The life spans indicated above may be shortened or extended at the fund manager's discretion, typically in one or two-year increments.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE

Estimates of fair values are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market prices and information about the financial instruments. The estimated fair values of financial instruments presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company might realize in actual market transactions.

The carrying value and fair value for the financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated financial statements not otherwise disclosed for the periods indicated were as follows:

View SEC source

(In thousands)	June 30, 2026Carrying Value	June 30, 2026Fair Value	December 31, 2025Carrying Value	December 31, 2025Fair Value
Financial assets:
Policy loans	$66,146	66,146	67,455	67,455
Residential mortgage loan	20	19	24	24
Cash and cash equivalents	16,960	16,960	22,976	22,976
Financial liabilities:
Annuity - investment contracts	70,547	64,415	68,975	64,066

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 16

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Policy loans. Policy loans had a weighted average annual interest rate of % at both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and no specified maturity dates. Policy loans are an integral part of the life insurance policies we have in force, cannot be valued separately and are not marketable. Therefore, the fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value reflected on the consolidated balance sheets and is considered a Level 3 asset in the fair value hierarchy.

Residential mortgage loan. The mortgage loan is secured by a residential property. The interest rate for this loan was 7.0% at both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. At June 30, 2026, the remaining loan matures in two years. Management estimated the fair value using an annual interest rate of 6.25% at both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Our mortgage loan is considered a Level 3 asset in the fair value hierarchy and is included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and cash equivalents. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying value and these assets are characterized as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Annuity liabilities. The fair value of the Company's liabilities under annuity contracts, which are considered Level 3 liabilities, was estimated at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 using discounted cash flows based upon spot rates adjusted for various risk adjustments ranging from 3.73% to 5.01% and 3.31% to 4.98%, respectively. The fair value of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

Other long-term investments. Financial instruments included in other long-term investments are classified in various levels of the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the carrying values of these investments.

View SEC source

Carrying Value(In thousands)	June 30, 2026	December 31, 2025
Other long-term investments:
Limited partnerships	$80,419	82,592
Structured note	2,560	2,565
FHLB common stock	226	222
All other investments	55	60
Total other long-term investments	$83,260	85,439

We are a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Dallas, and such membership requires members to own stock in the FHLB. Our FHLB stock is carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

(5) DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS AND COST OF INSURANCE ACQUIRED

DAC

The following tables roll forward the deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") and cost of insurance acquired ("COIA") balances for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 by reporting cohort. Our reporting cohorts are Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 17

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.

View SEC source

Six Months Ended June 30, 2026(In thousands)	Permanent	Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
International Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year
Capitalizations
Amortization expense	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Domestic Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year
Capitalizations
Amortization expense	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year
Capitalizations
Amortization expense	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period

View SEC source

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025(In thousands)	Permanent	Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
International Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year
Capitalizations
Amortization expense	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Domestic Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year
Capitalizations
Amortization expense	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year
Capitalizations
Amortization expense	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 18

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

COIA

The Domestic Insurance segment is the only segment that recognizes COIA; therefore, the balances for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 on a consolidated basis by reporting cohort are shown below.

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(In thousands)Six Months Ended June 30, 2026	Permanent	Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Balance, beginning of year
Amortization expense	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Balance, beginning of year
Amortization expense	()	()		()
Balance, end of period

(6) POLICYHOLDERS’ LIABILITIES

LIABILITY FOR FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits for our reporting cohorts: Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy,

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 19

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

and Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.

View SEC source

June 30, 2026(In thousands)	International InsurancePermanent	International InsurancePermanent Limited Pay	Total	Domestic InsurancePermanent	Domestic InsurancePermanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums:
Balance, beginning of year
Beginning balance at original discount rate
Effect of actual variances from expected experience				()	()	()
Adjusted beginning of year balance
Issuances
Interest accrual
Net premiums collected	()	()	()	()	()	()
Derecognition and other				()	()	()
Ending balance at original discount rate
Effect of changes in discount rates	()		()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits:
Balance, beginning of year
Beginning balance at original discount rate
Effect of actual variances from expected experience				()	()	()
Adjusted beginning of year balance
Issuances
Interest accrual
Benefit payments	()	()	()	()	()	()
Derecognition and other				()		()
Ending balance at original discount rate
Effect of changes in discount rates	()	()	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Net liability for future policy benefits
Plus: Flooring impact
Less: Reinsurance recoverable
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 20

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

View SEC source

June 30, 2025(In thousands)	International InsurancePermanent	International InsurancePermanent Limited Pay	Total	Domestic InsurancePermanent	Domestic InsurancePermanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums:
Balance, beginning of year
Beginning balance at original discount rate
Effect of actual variances from expected experience				()	()	()
Adjusted beginning of year balance
Issuances
Interest accrual
Net premiums collected	()	()	()	()	()	()
Derecognition and other	()			()		()
Ending balance at original discount rate
Effect of changes in discount rates	()	()	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits:
Balance, beginning of year
Beginning balance at original discount rate
Effect of actual variances from expected experience				()	()	()
Adjusted beginning of year balance
Issuances
Interest accrual
Benefit payments	()	()	()	()	()	()
Derecognition and other	()	()	()	()		()
Ending balance at original discount rate
Effect of changes in discount rates	()	()	()	()	()	()
Balance, end of period
Net liability for future policy benefits
Less: Reinsurance recoverable
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 21

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles the net liability for future policy benefits shown above to the liability for future policy benefits reported in the consolidated balance sheets for the periods indicated below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	June 30, 2026International Insurance	June 30, 2026Domestic Insurance	June 30, 2026Consolidated	June 30, 2025International Insurance	June 30, 2025Domestic Insurance	June 30, 2025Consolidated
Life Insurance:
Permanent
Permanent limited pay
Deferred profit liability
Other
Total life insurance
Accident & Health Insurance:
Other
Total future policy benefit reserves

The following table provides the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments for long-term duration contracts.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	June 30, 2026International Insurance	June 30, 2026Domestic Insurance	June 30, 2025International Insurance	June 30, 2025Domestic Insurance
Undiscounted:
Permanent:
Expected future gross premiums
Expected future benefit payments
Permanent Limited Pay:
Expected future gross premiums
Expected future benefit payments
Discounted:
Permanent:
Expected future gross premiums
Expected future benefit payments
Permanent Limited Pay:
Expected future gross premiums
Expected future benefit payments

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 22

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the amount of revenue and interest related to long-term duration contracts recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2026Gross Premiums	Three Months Ended June 30, 2026Interest Expense	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025Gross Premiums	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025Interest Expense	Six Months Ended June 30, 2026Gross Premiums	Six Months Ended June 30, 2026Interest Expense	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Gross Premiums	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Interest Expense
International Insurance:
Life Insurance:
Permanent
Permanent Limited Pay
Other
Less:
Reinsurance
Total, net of reinsurance
Accident & Health Insurance:
Other
Total
Domestic Insurance:
Life Insurance:
Permanent
Permanent Limited Pay
Other	()
Less:
Reinsurance
Total, net of reinsurance
Accident & Health Insurance:
Other
Less:
Reinsurance
Total, net of reinsurance
Total

The following table provides the weighted-average durations of the liability for future policy benefits.

View SEC source

(In years)	June 30, 2026International Insurance	June 30, 2026Domestic Insurance	June 30, 2025International Insurance	June 30, 2025Domestic Insurance
Permanent:
Duration at original discount rate	8.2	17.4	7.7	16.0
Duration at current discount rate	8.0	16.3	7.7	15.0
Permanent Limited Pay:
Duration at original discount rate	7.7	13.8	5.9	15.8
Duration at current discount rate	7.3	12.9	5.6	15.0

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 23

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table provides the weighted-average interest rates for the liability for future policy benefits.

View SEC source

Line item	June 30, 2026International Insurance	June 30, 2026Domestic Insurance	June 30, 2025International Insurance	June 30, 2025Domestic Insurance
Permanent:
Interest rate at original discount rate	%	%	%	%
Interest rate at current discount rate	%	%	%	%
Permanent Limited Pay:
Interest rate at original discount rate	%	%	%	%
Interest rate at current discount rate	%	%	%	%

LIABILITY FOR POLICYHOLDERS’ ACCOUNT BALANCES

The following table presents the policyholders' account balances by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of the difference, in basis points, between rates being credited and the respective guaranteed minimums.

View SEC source

	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total
June 30, 2026(In thousands)
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates:
0.00% - 1.49%	⁠	$933	—	—	31,355	32,288
1.50% - 2.99%	3,795		170	6	41,515	45,486
3.00% - 4.49%	126,834		390	26,221	—	153,445
Greater or equal to 4.50%	30,815		—	—	—	30,815
Total	⁠	$162,377	560	26,227	72,870

View SEC source

	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total
June 30, 2025(In thousands)
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates:
0.00% - 1.49%	⁠	$851	—	—	33,465	34,316
1.50% - 2.99%	3,905		180	6	33,683	37,774
3.00% - 4.49%	104,553		381	26,989	—	131,923
Greater or equal to 4.50%	31,349		—	—	—	31,349
Total	⁠	$140,658	561	26,995	67,148

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 24

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in policyholders' account balances.

View SEC source

June 30, 2026(In thousands, except for %)	Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies	Fixed Annuity	Dividend Accumulations	Premiums Paid in Advance
Balance, beginning of year
Issuances
Premiums received
Interest credited
Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals
Benefit payments
Balance, end of period
Weighted-average crediting rates	%	%	%	%
Cash surrender value

View SEC source

June 30, 2025(In thousands, except for %)	Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies	Fixed Annuity	Dividend Accumulations	Premiums Paid in Advance
Balance, beginning of year
Issuances
Premiums received
Interest credited
Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals
Benefit payments
Balance, end of period
Weighted-average crediting rates	%	%	%	%
Cash surrender value

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 25

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles policyholders' account balances shown above to the policyholders' account balance liability in the consolidated balance sheets for the periods indicated below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	June 30, 2026	June 30, 2025
Annuities:
Supplemental contracts without life contingencies
Fixed annuity
Unearned revenue reserve
Total annuities
Premiums paid in advance:
Premiums paid in advance
Other
Total premiums paid in advance

(7) REINSURANCE

In the normal course of business, the Company reinsures portions of certain policies that we underwrite to mitigate exposure to potential losses and/or to provide additional capacity for growth. In CICA International, prior to April 1, 2025, we retained up to on any one individual life insurance policy and reinsured the death benefit amount. For new policies beginning on such date, we increased our retention amount to and reinsure amounts above that. We also reinsure % of our accidental death benefit rider coverage. In CLOA, we have a coinsurance agreement with RGA Reinsurance Company ("RGA"). Under this agreement, CLOA has elected RGA to reinsure % of its final expense business. The Company remains contingently liable in the event that any of the reinsurers are unable to meet their obligations under any reinsurance agreement.

Our amounts recoverable from reinsurers represent receivables from and reserves ceded to reinsurers. We obtain reinsurance from multiple reinsurers and monitor our reinsurance concentration as well as the financial strength ratings of our reinsurers. Their ratings by A.M. Best Company range from A- (Excellent) to A+ (Superior).

A summary of life insurance in force, along with assumed and ceded reinsurance activity, is summarized below as of the periods indicated.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	June 30, 2026	December 31, 2025
Life insurance in force:
Direct life insurance in force	$5,539,881	5,431,721
Aggregate assumed life insurance in force	3,119	3,193
Aggregate ceded life insurance in force	(943,581)	(910,226)
Net life insurance in force	$4,599,419	4,524,688

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 26

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Company's reinsurance recoverable on ceded reinsurance was million and million as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Premiums, claims and surrenders assumed and ceded, and expenses ceded for all lines of business are summarized for the periods indicated below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Premiums from short duration contracts:
Direct
Ceded			()	()
Net premiums earned
Premiums from long duration contracts:
Direct
Assumed
Ceded	()	()	()	()
Net premiums earned
Total premiums earned
Claims and surrenders assumed	$19	45	39	51
Claims and surrenders ceded	$()	()	()	()
Commissions assumed and ceded	$()	()	()	()
Other general expenses ceded	$()	()	()	()

(8) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

LITIGATION AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

From time to time, we are subject to legal and regulatory actions relating to our business. We may incur defense costs, including attorneys' fees, and other direct litigation costs associated with defending claims. If we suffer an adverse judgment as a result of litigation claims, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Part I. Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Part IV. Item 1. Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies of our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2025 Form 10-K includes a discussion of our legal proceedings. There have been no material developments in the six months ended June 30, 2026 from the legal proceedings described in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2025 Form 10-K.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

As of June 30, 2026, we committed to funding investments up to $7.8 million related to limited partnership and structured note investments previously described.

CREDIT FACILITY

On May 3, 2024, the Company renewed its $20 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Regions Bank ("Regions"). The Credit Facility has a three-year term, maturing on May 5, 2027, and allows the Company to borrow up to $20 million for working capital purposes, capital expenditures and other corporate purposes.

Revolving loans may be requested by the Company in aggregate minimum principal amounts of million per loan. At the Company's election, the revolving loans may either bear a rate (a fluctuating rate per annum) equal to

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 27

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

the greatest of (a) Regions' prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (c) the index rate plus 1.00% or (d) 0.75%. The Company is required to pay Regions an annual commitment fee of 0.375% of the unused portion of the Credit Facility in quarterly installments, which the Company expenses as it is incurred.

Obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company other than the equity interests in its subsidiaries, real estate owned by the Company, and other limited exceptions. The Credit Facility contains customary events of default and financial, affirmative and negative covenants including, but not limited to, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, asset dispositions and restricted payments. As of June 30, 2026, the Company had not borrowed any funds against the Credit Facility and was in compliance with the covenants.

(9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND RESTRICTIONS

STOCK

Our Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of shares, of which 100,000,000 shares shall be Class A common stock, 2,000,000 shares shall be Class B common stock, and shall be preferred stock. Both authorized classes of common stock are equal in all respects, except (a) each share of Class A common stock is entitled to receive twice the cash dividends paid on a per share basis to the Class B common stock, if any; and (b) the holders of the Class B common stock have the exclusive right to elect a simple majority of the Board of Directors of Citizens. Citizens currently has outstanding preferred stock or Class B common stock.

A summary of the change in the number of shares of Class A common stock and treasury stock issued is as follows:

View SEC source

Six Months Ended June 30,(In thousands)	2026Common Stock Class A	2025Treasury Stock	2025Common Stock Class A	Treasury Stock
Balance at beginning of year	54,626	5,330	54,235	5,330
Stock issued for compensation	343	—	331	—
Balance at end of period	54,969	5,330	54,566	5,330

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock.

View SEC source

Three Months Ended June 30,(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2026	2025
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss)	$(425)	6,459
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	50,521	50,112
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted(1)	51,824	50,985
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	$(0.01)	0.13

(1) Because the Company reported a net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2026, the effect of all potentially dilutive securities was excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as it would be anti-dilutive

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 28

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

View SEC source

Six Months Ended June 30,(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2026	2025
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss)	$1,843	4,836
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	50,426	50,024
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	51,714	50,897
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	$0.04	0.10

STATUTORY CAPITAL AND SURPLUS

Each of our domestic regulated insurance subsidiaries is required to meet stipulated regulatory capital requirements imposed by the U.S. National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"). All domestic insurance subsidiaries exceeded the minimum capital requirements at June 30, 2026. On March 27, 2024, Citizens and the Colorado Division of Insurance entered into a capital maintenance agreement that specifies that Citizens will infuse capital as needed to ensure that CLOA's RBC remains above 350%. As CLOA's RBC exceeded 350% at June 30, 2026, no capital contribution was necessary.

CICA International is a Puerto Rico domiciled company. The Insurance Code of Puerto Rico does not specifically set forth minimum capital and surplus standards but rather requires that an insurer submit a business plan for approval to the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance ("OIC") that includes proposed minimum capital and surplus. CICA International is required to maintain a minimum of $750,000 in capital and maintain a premium to surplus ratio of 7 to 1. At June 30, 2026, CICA International's capital exceeds both the required minimum capital and related ratio.

(10) SEGMENT AND OTHER OPERATING INFORMATION

The Company's segments are defined by management's reporting structure and operating activities. The chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our President and Chief Executive Officer, reviews segment operating results to assess financial performance, allocate resources and make operating and strategic decisions. The Company has reportable segments: International Insurance and Domestic Insurance.

Our International Insurance segment issues endowment contracts, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate an element of life insurance protection, and whole life insurance products to non-U.S. residents through CICA International. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured and may include rider benefits and annuity features that enhance policy accumulations. Our Domestic Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries: CLOA, which issues whole life, final expense and life products with living benefits throughout the U.S.; and SPLIC and MGLIC, which focus on the life insurance needs of the lower-income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas. SPLIC also issues critical illness policies. Our policies are sold and serviced through independent agents.

The CODM evaluates the profitability of the International Insurance and Domestic Insurance segments based on the income (loss) before federal income tax, or segment profit (loss), which is measured as revenues less directly attributable total benefits and expenses. This measure reflects the operating performance of each insurance segment and is the primary measure used by the CODM to evaluate segment results and allocate resources. The significant expense categories regularly provided to the CODM and included in the measure of segment profit (loss) are presented in the tables below.

The International Insurance and Domestic Insurance operations constitute separate businesses. In addition to these reportable segments, the Company also captures other corporate-related non-insurance income and expenses associated with operating the Company. These amounts are not included in the segment profit (loss) and are

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 29

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

reported separately below to reconcile to the consolidated income (loss) before federal income tax on the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies included in our 2025 Form 10-K and are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The tables below present segment revenues, segment profit (loss) and the significant expense categories included in the measure of segment profitability reviewed by the CODM.

View SEC source

Three Months Ended June 30, 2026	International Insurance	Domestic Insurance	Total
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums			43,703
Net investment income			16,827
Investment related gains (losses), net	()		(1,492)
Other income			1,168
Total segment revenues			60,206
Other non-insurance revenues			202
Total consolidated revenues
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		()
Policyholders' dividends
Total insurance benefits paid or provided
Commissions
Other general expenses
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired
Total segment benefits and expenses
Segment profit (loss)			2,738
Other non-insurance revenues			202
Stock-based compensation expense			(776)
Other non-insurance expenses			(2,693)
Income (loss) before federal income tax			$()

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 30

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

View SEC source

Six Months Ended June 30, 2026	International Insurance	Domestic Insurance	Total
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums			83,641
Net investment income			33,944
Investment related gains (losses), net	()	()	(503)
Other income			2,662
Total segment revenues			119,744
Other non-insurance revenues			384
Total consolidated revenues
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	()
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		()
Policyholders' dividends
Total insurance benefits paid or provided
Commissions
Other general expenses
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	7,100	2,900
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired
Total segment benefits and expenses
Segment profit (loss)			7,594
Other non-insurance revenues			384
Stock-based compensation expense			(1,314)
Other non-insurance expenses			(4,819)
Income (loss) before federal income tax

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 31

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

View SEC source

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025	International Insurance	Domestic Insurance	Total
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums			43,388
Net investment income			16,995
Investment related gains (losses), net		()	2,407
Other income			2,121
Total segment revenues			64,911
Other non-insurance revenues			175
Total consolidated revenues
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	()
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss
Policyholders' dividends
Total insurance benefits paid or provided
Commissions
Other general expenses
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired
Total segment benefits and expenses
Segment profit (loss)			9,755
Other non-insurance revenues			175
Stock-based compensation expense			(1,209)
Other non-insurance expenses			(1,807)
Income (loss) before federal income tax

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 32

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

View SEC source

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025	International Insurance	Domestic Insurance	Total
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums			83,185
Net investment income			34,185
Investment related gains (losses), net		()	(488)
Other income			3,493
Total segment revenues			120,375
Other non-insurance revenues			363
Total consolidated revenues
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	()
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		()
Policyholders' dividends
Total insurance benefits paid or provided
Commissions
Other general expenses
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	6,928	2,332
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired
Total segment benefits and expenses
Segment profit (loss)			10,118
Other non-insurance revenues			363
Stock-based compensation expense			(1,781)
Other non-insurance expenses			(3,573)
Income (loss) before federal income tax

The Company categorizes premiums in two categories - first year premiums are premiums received within the first 12 months of a policy's issuance and any premiums received thereafter are renewal premiums. A summary of the premiums for the International Insurance segment is detailed below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2026	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025	Six Months Ended June 30, 2026	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Direct premiums:
First year	$3,541	3,814	6,831	7,206
Renewal	25,344	25,492	47,636	48,179
Total direct premiums
Reinsurance	()	()	()	()
Total premiums

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 33

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

A summary of the Domestic Insurance segment premium breakout is detailed below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2026	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025	Six Months Ended June 30, 2026	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Direct premiums:
First year	$6,218	5,621	11,898	11,046
Renewal	13,002	11,474	25,672	22,320
Total direct premiums
Reinsurance	()	()	()	()
Total premiums

The tables below provide a reconciliation of assets by reportable segment to total consolidated assets as presented on the consolidated balance sheets as of the periods indicated. Assets not directly attributable to the Company's reportable segments are reflected as other corporate assets.

View SEC source

June 30, 2026(In thousands)	International	Domestic	Total
Assets:
Segment Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and investments			1,428,091
DAC and COIA			237,862
Other assets			53,391
Total segment assets			1,719,344
Other corporate assets			32,716
Total assets

View SEC source

December 31, 2025(In thousands)	International	Domestic	Total
Assets:
Segment Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and investments			1,442,444
DAC and COIA			229,532
Other assets			48,117
Total segment assets			1,720,093
Other corporate assets			34,667
Total assets

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 34

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The following table sets forth the Company's annual total of earned premiums by country of policyholder residence for the periods indicated.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2026	Three Months Ended June 30, 2025	Six Months Ended June 30, 2026	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Area:
United States
Colombia
Taiwan
Venezuela
Ecuador
Argentina
Other foreign countries
Reinsurance and change in premium accruals	(4,064)	(1,829)	(10,779)	(7,320)
Total premiums

(11) INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate is the ratio of federal income tax expense or tax benefit over pre-tax income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the effective tax benefit rate was % and effective tax expense rate was %, respectively, compared to an effective tax expense rate of % and % for the same periods in 2025, respectively. CICA International is considered a controlled foreign corporation for federal income tax purposes. As a result, the insurance activity of CICA International is subject to Subpart F of the Internal Revenue Code and is included in Citizens’ taxable income. The Government of Puerto Rico approved a tax exemption decree for CICA International which freezes the income tax rate at 0% on taxable earnings up to $1.2 million and 4% on taxable earnings in excess of $1.2 million for a minimum of 15 years. The effective tax rate varies from the prevailing corporate federal income tax rate of 21% mainly due to the impact of Subpart F and the reduced Puerto Rico income tax rate.

At June 30, 2026 and 2025, we determined it was more likely than not that a portion of our capital deferred tax assets would not be realized in their entirety. The Company recorded valuation allowances of million and million at June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheets.

(12) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss) are reported net of the effects of income taxes of 21% for domestic entities and 4% for Puerto Rican entities for the three and six months ended June 30,

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 35

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

2026 and 2025. The following table provides a rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities	Discount Rate for Liability for Future Policy Benefits	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2025, net of tax	$(136,344)	47,923	(88,421)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, before tax	(16,295)	17,135	840
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	412	—
Income tax benefit (expense)	1,191	(1,505)	()
Balance at March 31, 2026, net of tax	(151,036)	63,553	(87,483)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, before tax	3,867	(8,393)	(4,526)
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(34)	—	()
Income tax benefit (expense)	(225)	1,173
Balance at June 30, 2026, net of tax	$(147,428)	56,333	(91,095)

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities	Discount Rate for Liability for Future Policy Benefits	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2024, net of tax	$(169,599)	73,634	(95,965)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, before tax	18,334	(8,589)	9,745
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	83	—
Income tax benefit (expense)	(1,379)	442	()
Balance at March 31, 2025, net of tax	(152,561)	65,487	(87,074)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, before tax	243	4,003	4,246
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	168	—
Income tax benefit (expense)	(213)	(782)	()
Balance at June 30, 2025, net of tax	$(152,363)	68,708	(83,655)

(13) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has various routine related party transactions in conjunction with our holding company structure, such as management service agreements related to costs incurred, a tax sharing agreement between entities, and inter-company dividends and capital contributions. There were no changes related to these relationships during the six months ended June 30, 2026. See our 2025 Form 10-K for a comprehensive discussion of related party transactions.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 36

CITIZENS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(14) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated the impact of subsequent events as defined by the accounting guidance through the date this report was issued and determined that no other significant subsequent events need to be recognized or disclosed at this time.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 37

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OBJECTIVE OF OUR MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

We refer to our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as our “MD&A”. The objective of our MD&A is to provide investors with information in order to assess the material changes in our financial condition from December 31, 2025 to June 30, 2026 and the material changes in our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same periods in 2025. We also discuss in the MD&A any trends that we believe may materially affect our future operations or financial condition.

OVERVIEW

For over 55 years, Citizens has been fulfilling the needs of our policyholders and their families by providing insurance products that offer both living and death benefits. We conduct insurance related operations through our insurance subsidiaries, which provide benefits to policyholders globally. We specialize in offering primarily individual whole life insurance, endowment products and final expense insurance in niche markets where we believe we can optimize our competitive position.

As an insurance provider, we collect premiums on an ongoing basis from our policyholders and invest the majority of the premiums to pay future benefits, including claims, surrenders and policyholder dividends. Accordingly, the Company derives its revenues principally from: (1) life insurance premiums earned for insurance coverages provided to insureds in our two operating segments – International Insurance and Domestic Insurance; and (2) net investment income. In addition to reserving for and paying insurance benefits to our policyholders, our expenses consist primarily of the costs of selling our insurance products (e.g., commissions, underwriting, marketing expenses), operating expenses and income taxes.

We operate in two segments - International Insurance and Domestic Insurance. Our International Insurance segment operates through CICA Life, A.I., a Puerto Rican insurer, referred to as "CICA International". Our Domestic

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 38

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries CICA Life Insurance Company of America ("CLOA"), Security Plan Life Insurance Company ("SPLIC") and Magnolia Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("MGLIC").

EVENTS THAT IMPACTED OUR BUSINESS

From time-to-time, certain events may affect our business in ways that cause current or future results to differ from past results. See (1) the factors described in Part 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2025 ("2025 Form 10-K"); and (2) the events described in Part 1. Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Events that Impacted Our Business" in the 2025 Form 10-K.

Venezuela Earthquakes May Impact Insurance Premiums and Claims

Venezuela represents one of our most significant markets in the International Insurance segment. The earthquakes that occurred in Venezuela in June 2026 may adversely affect this segment by hindering policyholders' capacity to submit timely premium payments and driving higher-than-expected claims activity. Due to the magnitude and breadth of the disaster, the full count of impacted policyholders will likely emerge gradually, as missed payments and submitted claims are tracked and confirmed. As an immediate measure, a $0.5 million death claim liability has been recorded. While current data does not point to a material effect on our operations, we will maintain diligent oversight and update our projections as new information becomes available.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Summary

Q2: Net loss before federal income tax in the three months ended June 30, 2026 of $0.5 million decreased from income before federal income tax of $6.9 million in the same prior year period. The primary factors that drove this change were:

$3.9 million decline in investment related gains and losses primarily related to the change in fair market value for certain of our limited partnership investments that we have not sold;
$1.7 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to:
- $6.5 million decrease in claims and surrenders benefits due to the expected contractual decreases of matured endowments; more than offset by; and
- $7.7 million increase in future policy benefit reserves primarily due to the increased business in our Domestic Insurance segment and the large amount of reserves released in the prior year period as we paid out matured endowment and released the corresponding reserves.

YTD: Net income before federal income tax in the six months ended June 30, 2026 decreased to $1.8 million from $5.1 million in the same year period. The factors that drove this decrease were:

$1.1 million increase in insurance benefits paid or provided due to:
- $6.9 million decrease in claims and surrenders as described above; more than offset by
- $6.7 million increase in future policy benefit reserves as described above; and
$1.3 million increase in general operating expenses to support our growth initiatives.

Financial Condition at June 30, 2026

Total assets of $1.8 billion
Total direct insurance in force of $5.5 billion
Total investments of $1.4 billion; fixed maturity securities comprised 89% of total investments
No debt
Book value per share of Class A common stock of $4.64

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 39

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Adjusted book value per share of Class A common stock of $6.441
Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock for the six months ended of $0.04

The Factors that Drive our Operating Results

We see the following as the primary factors that drive our operating results.

Sales of our products and the premiums we receive from these sales
Investments and the income that they generate
Claims and surrenders
Operating expenses
Actuarial assumptions

Sales of our Products. We believe sales statistics are meaningful to gain an understanding of, among other things, the attractiveness of our products, how expansion of our distribution channels affects our revenue, customer retention and the performance of our business from period-to-period. Throughout the MD&A, we describe the actions and initiatives we are taking to increase sales and improve retention, sales performance in each period and as compared to prior year periods, and how we view trends with respect to sales and retention.

One sales factor that is key to our profitability is product mix. We offer a competitive product mix designed to meet the needs of our specific customer demographics and actively manage new product margins and in-force profitability. Product mix can have an impact on profitability; when we sell a higher volume of lower-margin products, we may receive more premiums but may not be as profitable as in periods when we sell a greater percentage of higher-margin products. Our product mix has been trending towards sales of our newer whole life products, which have a smaller margin than sales of our international endowment products. We expect this trend in our International Insurance segment to continue due to the anticipated volumes of endowment maturities being replaced by higher volumes of whole life products.

Customer retention, or persistency, is another key factor influencing both revenue and profitability. Persistency refers to the extent to which policyholders keep their insurance policies in force over time rather than allowing them to lapse, surrender, or terminate. Persistency is a key measure because we spend a significant amount of money acquiring a policyholder upfront (e.g., commissions, underwriting, marketing) and expect to recover those costs over many years. A highly persistent block of business is one where policyholders continue paying premiums and maintaining coverage for many years. Unfavorable persistency is characterized by higher than expected policy lapses, surrenders, or terminations, which can negatively impact profitability by reducing the in-force block of business generating premiums, coupled with an increase in reserves resulting from less projected future premiums, as well as an acceleration in the recognition of deferred acquisition costs. We actively monitor persistency trends across our product lines and customer segments, and where unfavorable persistency is observed, we may take targeted retention actions; however, there can be no assurance that such efforts will fully offset the financial impact of higher than expected policy terminations.

Premium Revenues. Premium revenues consist of all money deposited by customers into new and existing insurance policies. We view these premiums in two categories - first year premiums are premiums received within the first 12 months of a policy's issuance and any premiums received thereafter are renewal premiums.

Throughout the MD&A, we refer to "direct" premiums as all premiums received and "net" or "total" premiums as all premiums received less premiums ceded to our reinsurers. Direct premium revenue increased 4% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 to $48.1 million and $92.0 million, respectively, from $46.4 million and $88.8 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. This increase was driven by sales and renewal premiums in our Domestic Insurance segment.

1 Adjusted book value per of Class A common share is a non-GAAP measure that is calculated by dividing actual Class A common stockholders’ equity, excluding AOCI, by the number of Class A common shares outstanding at the end of the period.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 40

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

First Year Premiums. Direct first year premiums increased 3% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 to $9.8 million and $18.7 million, respectively, from $9.4 million and $18.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, driven by sales in our Domestic Insurance segment and from an increased number of producing agents. First year premium growth primarily resulted from our CLOA final expense business.

Renewal Premiums. Our direct renewal premiums in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 increased primarily due to strong sales in prior periods in our Domestic Insurance segment, leading to higher number of policies paying renewal premiums in the current period. Premium growth was constrained by unfavorable persistency in our Domestic Insurance segment, as well as the high level of surrenders and matured endowments in our International Insurance segment during the last few years, both of which have lowered the number of policies remaining in force and paying renewal premiums.

Investment Income. Our net investment income decreased slightly for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same prior year periods. Total investment income increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same prior year periods, as we have been investing in investment grade private placement fixed income securities, where we expect higher returns. However, this increase was offset by higher fund fees.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 41

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Claims and Surrenders. Payment of policyholder benefits for claims and surrenders is our largest expense and thus key to our profitability. The three largest components of this expense are reflected in the graph below.

Operating Expenses. Operating expenses are our second largest expense and thus also drive our operating results. Operating expenses are meaningful to gain an understanding of how we manage our business, including among other things, salaries, benefits, and spending on growth initiatives. Our operating expenses increased by $0.6 million and $1.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, as compared to the prior year periods due to continued investment in supporting the growth of our business.

Actuarial Assumptions. The actuarial assumptions that underlie our reserves are based upon our best estimates of certain factors such as mortality, lapses, morbidity and discount rates. Our results will be affected to the extent there is a variance between our actuarial assumptions and actual experience. This is reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves and policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss.

Recently, we have experienced a rebalancing in our business mix due to the volume of maturities in our international endowment business and continued growth in the Domestic Insurance segment. Our current

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 42

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

profitability is affected by how closely actual experience matches our actuarial assumptions for these shifts, and by the amount of reserves we must hold. Updated assumptions to policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss negatively affected our operating results by $0.4 million compared to the same prior year quarter due to unfavorable experience in our International Insurance segment. Actuarial assumptions are continually monitored and updated at least annually to reflect overall experience as well as emerging trends.

INSURANCE ISSUED AND INFORCE

The amount of direct insurance, number of policies, and average face amounts for life policies issued during the periods indicated are shown below.

View SEC source

Six Months Ended June 30,	Six Months Ended June 30,Amount of Insurance Issued	2026Number of Policies Issued	Average Policy Face Amount Issued	2025Amount of Insurance Issued	2025Number of Policies Issued	2025Average Policy Face Amount Issued
International	$199,814,892	1,793	$111,442	$229,176,095	1,970	$116,333
Domestic	319,795,393	37,692	8,484	288,086,170	30,277	9,515
Total	$519,610,285	39,485		$517,262,265	32,247

In the first six months of 2026, we issued $519.6 million in new direct insurance.

The number of insurance policies issued, average policy face amount and total insurance issued in our International Insurance segment decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the prior year period due to lower volume and product mix. During the first six months of 2026, a larger proportion of our sales was comprised of our single premium product aimed at replacing maturing endowments, which has a $100,000 maximum face value, as well as other endowment products. Our endowment products generally have lower policy face amounts than our whole life product.

In our Domestic Insurance segment, we continue to experience strong sales and increased number of policies issued of our final expense products. The use of information to enhance underwriting decisions with additional medical and lab data from third parties is resulting in issuance of policies with lower face amounts, as expected.

The amount of direct insurance inforce for the periods indicated is shown below.

Overall insurance inforce has grown due to the issuance of new business, but growth has been and will be impacted by persistency rates, policy maturities and surrenders.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 43

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

REVENUES

Our revenues are generated primarily by life insurance premiums and investment income from invested assets. Total revenues declined in the three months ended June 30, 2026 primarily due to the $3.9 million decline in investment related gains (losses) resulting from changes in market value of the underlying assets. The decline in other income also contributed to the decline in the three month-period, as well as the six months ended June 30, 2026.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Revenues:
Premiums	$43,703	43,388	83,641	83,185
Net investment income	17,031	17,169	34,335	34,546
Investment related gains (losses), net	(1,494)	2,408	(510)	(486)
Other income	1,168	2,121	2,662	3,493
Total revenues	$60,408	65,086	120,128	120,738

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Direct premiums:
First year	$9,759	9,435	18,729	18,252
Renewal	38,346	36,966	73,308	70,499
Total direct premiums	48,105	46,401	92,037	88,751
Reinsurance	(4,402)	(3,013)	(8,396)	(5,566)
Total premiums	$43,703	43,388	83,641	83,185

Our first year direct premiums increased 3% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025, due to sales and expanded distribution in our Domestic Insurance segment. Renewal premiums also increased from strong first year sales in prior periods in our Domestic Insurance segment, leading to higher number of policies paying renewal premiums in the current period, which more than offset the impact from the high level of surrenders during the last few years and increasing matured endowment benefits paid in our International Insurance segment, which has lowered the number of policies paying renewal premiums in this segment.

Reinsurance premiums ceded increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025. We have a coinsurance agreement with RGA Reinsurance Company ("RGA") in order to provide more capacity for growth in our Domestic Insurance segment. Since we cede 50% of the direct premiums we receive for our CLOA final expense products to RGA, as sales of these products increase, reinsurance ceded to RGA also increases.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 44

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Net Investment Income. A summary of our net investment income performance is as follows:

View SEC source

(In thousands, except for %)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Gross investment income:
Fixed maturity securities	$16,054	15,538	32,412	30,966
Equity securities	12	72	23	147
Policy loans	1,226	1,297	2,493	2,666
Other long-term investments	762	1,041	1,583	2,205
Total investment income	18,054	17,948	36,511	35,984
Investment expenses	(1,023)	(779)	(2,176)	(1,438)
Net investment income	$17,031	17,169	34,335	34,546
Net investment income, annualized			$68,670	69,093
Average invested assets, at amortized cost			$1,555,692	1,534,610
Annualized yield on average invested assets			4.41%	4.50%

Fixed maturity securities constitute the vast majority, or 89%, of our investment portfolio based on fair value and thus provide the majority of our net investment income. Our fixed maturity investment portfolio, primarily invested in callable securities, has faced challenges due to the sustained low interest rate environment for the 10 years prior to 2021. Many securities were called between 2019 and 2021, which required us to reinvest in lower interest rate fixed maturity assets, which impacts net investment income and yields. In order to enhance yields, we are investing in new opportunities, including investment grade private placement fixed income securities and other asset classes, while maintaining a prudent risk profile. As discussed above, net investment income and our annualized yield are down for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 as a result of higher investment expenses when compared to prior year periods.

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related losses of $1.5 million and $0.5 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, compared to investment related gains of $2.4 million and losses of $0.5 million during the same prior year periods, respectively, primarily in our International Insurance segment. The gain or loss between periods is attributable to changes in the estimated fair market value of our limited partnership investments, which can vary considerably based on market conditions and underlying fund performance.

Other Income. Other income is derived mainly from supplemental contracts issued to policyholders in our International Insurance segment upon the surrender or maturity of their original policies. Supplemental contracts offer our policyholders the opportunity to leave their cash with us and be paid interest at a guaranteed rate or receive an annuity, at their option. We expect other income to decline as our matured endowments decline, as this income is primarily related to supplemental contracts issued to policyholders when their endowments mature. The net impact from these supplemental contracts on the consolidated financial statements is minimal as the reserve liability setup for these policies offsets any recognized income.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 45

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

BENEFITS AND EXPENSES

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	$33,751	40,220	73,404	80,318
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	3,192	(4,554)	(1,511)	(8,200)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	1,712	1,351	2,587	1,179
Policyholders' dividends	1,393	1,315	2,495	2,610
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	40,048	38,332	76,975	75,907
Commissions	11,352	11,409	22,176	22,684
Other general expenses	14,090	13,459	27,462	26,152
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(9,717)	(9,720)	(18,661)	(18,569)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	5,021	4,613	10,000	9,260
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	143	79	331	177
Total benefits and expenses	$60,937	58,172	118,283	115,611

Payments of claims and surrenders benefits, which constitute the vast majority of our expenses, declined in both the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026.

Claims and Surrenders.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Claims and surrenders:
Death claim benefits	$7,495	4,861	14,164	10,928
Surrender benefits	12,174	13,076	24,033	25,977
Endowment benefits	1,358	1,542	2,806	3,221
Matured endowment benefits	10,199	18,528	27,647	35,879
A&H and other policy benefits	2,525	2,213	4,754	4,313
Total claims and surrenders	$33,751	40,220	73,404	80,318

Death claim benefits increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025 due to a higher volume of claims, especially in our expanding Domestic Insurance business. While we maintain diligent oversight of claims activities, we expect this rise in line with the expansion of our business. Additionally, as discussed above, the Venezuela earthquakes in June 2026 have had a direct impact on our International Insurance segment's claims experience. Although the impact is immaterial at this time, we have established a $0.5 million death claim liability given the number of people still missing as we expect the total impact to be determined over time as claims are reported and verified. We will continue to monitor developments related to this event and update our estimates as additional information becomes available. Many of these death claims may be partially offset by our reinsurance coverage.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 46

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The vast majority of our surrender benefits payments are made on policies surrendered in our International Insurance segment. These policies are generally policies that have been in place for many years, built up cash values, and have little or no surrender charges remaining. Surrender benefits decreased 7% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the prior year periods and can vary from one period to another. We continue to focus efforts on retention initiatives.

As we have previously disclosed, 2025 was the year in which the highest number of our endowment policies reached their contractual maturity dates and thus matured endowment benefits decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the prior year periods. Compared to peak endowment activity in 2025, we expect maturity benefits to continue to decrease throughout 2026.

Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. Future policy benefit reserves reflect the liability established to provide for the future payment of policy benefits and thus they generally increase when we have a larger in force block of business due to higher sales and persistency (i.e., more policies on which we expect to pay future benefits) and decrease when we have lower sales and persistency. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the change in future policy benefit reserves increased compared to the prior year periods from the increase to inforce business and due to the high level of reserves released in the prior year periods in connection with policyholder benefits payouts.

Policyholder Liability Remeasurement (Gain) Loss. Most of our products are long-duration contracts that provide a specified, fixed amount of insurance benefit in exchange for a fixed premium. When a policy is initially issued, we establish a "net premium ratio" ("NPR") using assumptions regarding expected premiums and policyholder benefit liabilities. On a quarterly basis, we review actual versus expected experience in such quarter, which is reported as a policyholder liability remeasurement gain (if better performance than assumptions) or loss (if lower performance than assumptions). Additionally, the best estimate assumptions are updated every year in our third quarter and are reflected on our income statement as a policyholder liability remeasurement gain or loss. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the remeasurement (gain) loss was negatively affected by unfavorable experience in our International Insurance segment.

Commissions. Commission expenses are a cost of acquiring business, as commissions are the primary compensation paid to our independent agents for selling our products. First year commission rates are higher than renewal commission rates and thus commissions fluctuate directly in relation to first year sales. Although first year sales increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same period in 2025, commissions decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 due to more sales of our single premium product offered to policyholders with maturing endowments in the International Insurance segment, which has a lower commission rate than other products.

Other General Expenses. Total general expenses increased $0.6 million and $1.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, as compared to the prior year periods due to continued investment in supporting the growth of our business.

Capitalization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ("DAC"). We capitalize costs related to successful sales of our insurance products, which include certain commissions, policy issuance costs, and underwriting and agency expenses. These costs vary based upon amounts of premiums received and ceded related to new and renewal business.

Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Our deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC) are amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. As described above, unfavorable persistency leads to accelerated amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, which contributed to the increased costs in both the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026.

Federal Income Tax. We reported federal income tax benefit in the three months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to a federal income tax expense in the same prior year period, reflecting lower taxable income. See Part I, Item 1, Note 11. Income Taxes in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 47

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

SEGMENT OPERATIONS

We operate in two business segments: International Insurance and Domestic Insurance.

These segments are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company evaluates profit and loss performance based on U.S. GAAP income (loss) before federal income tax for these segments. The Company's other non-insurance operations include non-insurance activities and corporate-support functions, which are presented in the table presented below to reconcile segment information with the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The following table sets forth income (loss) before federal income tax by segment during the periods indicated.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Income (loss) before federal income tax:
Segments:
International Insurance	$1,124	7,127	4,729	6,932
Domestic Insurance	1,614	2,628	2,865	3,186
Total segments	2,738	9,755	7,594	10,118
Other non-insurance operations	(3,267)	(2,841)	(5,749)	(4,991)
Total income (loss) before federal income tax	$(529)	6,914	1,845	5,127

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 48

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE

Detailed results of operations in the International Insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows:

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Revenues:
Premiums	$28,369	28,878
Net investment income
Investment related gains (losses), net	()		()
Other income
Total revenues	39,696	45,901	79,719	82,239
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		()	()	()
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss
Policyholders' dividends
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	29,403	29,769	56,411	57,225
Commissions
Other general expenses
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()	()	()
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs			7,100	6,928
Total benefits and expenses	38,572	38,774	74,990	75,307
Income before federal income tax	$1,124	7,127	4,729	6,932

In the three months ended June 30, 2026, premiums were $28.4 million, while our total insurance benefits paid or provided were $29.4 million. This reflects a $0.5 million decrease in premiums compared to the prior-year period with only a $0.4 million decrease in total insurance benefits paid or provided. The lower premiums are mainly due to the impact from the level of surrenders and matured endowments in prior years, which has lowered the number of policies remaining in force and paying renewal premiums in this segment.

In the six months ended June 30, 2026, premiums received were $53.6 million, while our total insurance benefits paid or provided were $56.4 million. This reflects a $0.9 million decrease in premiums compared to the prior-year period with only a $0.8 million decrease in total insurance benefits paid or provided for the reasons described above.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 49

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Premium breakout is detailed below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Direct premiums:
First year	$3,541	3,814	6,831	7,206
Renewal	25,344	25,492	47,636	48,179
Total direct premiums	28,885	29,306	54,467	55,385
Reinsurance	()	()	()	()
Total premiums	$28,369	28,878	53,567	54,486

Our International Insurance segment derives its premiums from policyholders residing in over 80 different countries across the globe. The following table sets forth our premiums by location for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Premiums:
Colombia
Taiwan
Venezuela
Ecuador
Argentina
Other	9,291	9,121	18,569	19,032
Reinsurance and change in premium accruals	(362)	518	(3,449)	(2,871)
Total premiums	$28,369	28,878	53,567	54,486

Sales in Taiwan have been declining recently due to leadership succession related difficulties within our primary distribution agency in Taiwan and regulatory challenges. We are facing some headwinds in Venezuela that may affect premium revenues. Most notably, the Venezuela earthquakes of June 2026 may impair policyholders' ability to make timely premium payments. The strength of the U.S. dollar, combined with policyholders' difficulties in obtaining dollars, may further constrain their ability to remit premiums. The recent political instability may cause further decline in this business. We continue to closely monitor emerging trends in our Venezuela business.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 50

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Benefits and Expenses.

Claims and surrender benefits breakout is detailed below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Claims and surrenders:
Death claim benefits	$1,605	470	2,564	936
Surrender benefits	10,746	12,038	21,145	23,888
Endowment benefits	1,357	1,541	2,803	3,219
Matured endowment benefits	9,935	18,305	27,174	35,499
A&H and other policy benefits	2,264	2,045	4,332	3,891
Total claims and surrenders	$25,907	34,399	58,018	67,433

As discussed, the majority of our claims and surrender benefits in this segment are related to payment of matured endowment and surrender benefits. Matured endowment benefits peaked in 2025 and has decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the prior year periods, as contractually expected. Surrender benefits are also a large component of this expense; often as surrender charges expire on endowments after certain periods, policyholders surrender their policies to access the cash value. Accordingly, as our block of maturing endowments decreases, surrenders will generally decrease as well.

Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the change in future policy benefit reserves was higher compared to the prior year periods, reflecting reserve growth on our inforce block of business. In contrast, the prior year periods were impacted by a greater level of reserves released in connection with surrender benefits and higher matured endowment benefit payments.

Commissions. Commissions decreased due to strong sales of our single premium product offered to policyholders with maturing endowments, which has a lower commission rate than other products.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 51

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

DOMESTIC INSURANCE

Detailed results of operations for the Domestic Insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows:

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Revenues:
Premiums	$15,334	14,510
Net investment income
Investment related gains (losses), net		()	()	()
Other income
Total revenues	20,510	19,010	40,025	38,136
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	()		()	()
Policyholders' dividends
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	10,645	8,563	20,564	18,682
Commissions
Other general expenses
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	()	()	()	()
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs			2,900	2,332
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired
Total benefits and expenses	18,896	16,382	37,160	34,950
Income before federal income tax	$1,614	2,628	2,865	3,186

In the three months ended June 30, 2026, premiums in our Domestic Insurance segment were $15.3 million, while total insurance benefits paid or provided were $10.6 million. This reflects an increase in premiums of $0.8 million from the prior year period, while total insurance benefits paid or provided increased by $2.1 million. Premiums increased due to sustained first year sales and increase in renewal year premiums due to strong prior year sales, while the total benefits and expenses paid increased due to higher claims and surrenders paid. We expect death benefit payments to increase in the Domestic Insurance segment as our business has significantly grown in this segment over the last several years.

In the six months ended June 30, 2026, premiums in our Domestic Insurance segment were $30.1 million, while total insurance benefits paid or provided were $20.6 million. This reflects an increase in premiums of $1.4 million from the prior year period, while total insurance benefits paid or provided increased by $1.9 million for the reasons described above.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 52

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Premium breakout is detailed below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Direct premiums:
First year	$6,218	5,621	11,898	11,046
Renewal	13,002	11,474	25,672	22,320
Total direct premiums	19,220	17,095	37,570	33,366
Reinsurance	()	()	()	()
Total premiums	$15,334	14,510	30,074	28,699

Benefits and Expenses.

Claims and surrender benefits breakout is detailed below.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Claims and surrenders:
Death claim benefits	$5,890	4,391	11,600	9,992
Surrender benefits	1,428	1,038	2,888	2,089
Endowment benefits	1	1	3	2
Matured endowment benefits	264	223	473	380
A&H and other policy benefits	261	168	422	422
Total claims and surrenders	$7,844	5,821	15,386	12,885

In our Domestic Insurance segment, the majority of claims and surrender benefits are death claim benefits. Death claim benefits increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same prior year periods due primarily to a higher volume of reported claims. The Company carefully tracks mortality experience as an important measure of performance, which can fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter based on reported claims. While we monitor claims activities, we expect a rise in claims corresponding with business expansion. A portion of these death claims should be offset by our reinsurance coverage.

OTHER NON-INSURANCE OPERATIONS

View SEC source

(In thousands)	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Three Months EndedJune 30, 2025	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2026	Six Months EndedJune 30, 2025
Loss before federal income tax	$(3,267)	(2,841)	(5,749)	(4,991)

This operating unit represents the administrative support functions for the insurance operations. Its revenues are primarily intercompany and have been eliminated in consolidation under U.S. GAAP, which typically results in a loss. Revenue in this operating unit consists primarily of net investment income and investment related gains or losses, while expenses consist of other general expenses related to corporate functions. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the elevated loss before federal income tax compared to the same periods in 2025 is mainly due to higher general expenses to support our growth initiatives.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 53

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

INVESTMENTS

Our investments are an integral part of our business success, as we invest the majority of premiums collected to pay for future benefits and rely on net investment income for our ongoing operations. Our cash and invested assets at June 30, 2026 were $1.4 billion, of which 88% was invested in fixed maturity securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale. We closely monitor the duration of our fixed maturity investments, and investment purchases and sales are executed with the objective of having adequate funds available to satisfy our insurance obligations.

The following table shows the carrying value of our investments by investment category and the percentage of each to total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets.

View SEC source

Carrying Value(In thousands, except for %)	June 30, 2026Amount	June 30, 2026%	December 31, 2025Amount	December 31, 2025%
Cash, cash equivalents and invested assets:
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$6,886	0.5%	$7,008	0.5%
Corporate	877,445	60.5	866,870	59.2
States and political subdivisions (1)	258,385	17.8	268,792	18.3
Mortgage-backed (2)	107,189	7.4	111,982	7.6
Asset-backed	32,155	2.2	33,209	2.3
Total fixed maturity securities	1,282,060	88.4	1,287,861	87.9
Cash and cash equivalents	16,960	1.2	22,976	1.6
Other investments:
Policy loans	66,146	4.6	67,455	4.6
Equity securities	1,233	0.1	1,356	0.1
Other long-term investments	83,260	5.7	85,439	5.8
Total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets	$1,449,659	100.0%	$1,465,087	100.0%

(1) Includes $97.6 million and $106.9 million of securities guaranteed by third parties at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

(2) Includes $90.4 million and $101.1 million of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The carrying value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities investment portfolio at June 30, 2026 was $1.28 billion compared to $1.29 billion at December 31, 2025. This decrease primarily reflects the impact of interest rate sensitivity on the fair value of our fixed maturity securities. The distribution of the credit ratings of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of June 30, 2026 did not materially change from December 31, 2025 – the weighted average was “A” at both dates.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased as of June 30, 2026 from December 31, 2025 and fluctuate from period to period primarily due to the timing of operating and investing activities.

As of June 30, 2026, other long-term investments decreased by $2.2 million compared to December 31, 2025, primarily due to the impact of changes in the fair market value of our limited partnership holdings partially offset by additional funding of our commitments of other investments.

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions

20% of the Company’s fixed maturity securities investment portfolio at June 30, 2026 consists of municipal bonds, which are securities that are obligations of states and political subdivisions. A portion of these municipal bonds

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 54

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

includes third-party guarantees, which enhance a bond's credit rating. A presentation of our municipal bonds by credit rating and third-party guarantee is below.

View SEC source

(In thousands, except for %)	General ObligationFair Value	General ObligationAmortized Cost	Special RevenueFair Value	Special RevenueAmortized Cost	OtherFair Value	OtherAmortized Cost	TotalFair Value	TotalAmortized Cost	% Based on Amortized Cost
State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees:
AAA	$12,001	11,826	12,621	12,941	3,326	3,235	27,948	28,002	9.8%
AA	36,775	37,065	112,086	128,256	4,879	5,106	153,740	170,427	59.8
A	2,733	3,021	62,328	71,217	2,130	2,117	67,191	76,355	26.8
BBB	91	93	6,993	7,692	—	—	7,084	7,785	2.7
BB and other	2,422	2,534	—	—	—	—	2,422	2,534	0.9
Total	$54,022	54,539	194,028	220,106	10,335	10,458	258,385	285,103	100.0%
State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees:
AA	$30,638	30,615	38,410	44,201	1,022	1,067	70,070	75,883	26.6
A	10,276	10,573	75,274	84,205	2,948	3,093	88,498	97,871	34.3
BBB	2,393	2,569	20,447	21,976	46	55	22,886	24,600	8.6
BB and other	10,715	10,782	59,897	69,724	6,319	6,243	76,931	86,749	30.5
Total	$54,022	54,539	194,028	220,106	10,335	10,458	258,385	285,103	100.0%

The table below shows the categories in which we held investments in special revenue municipal bonds that were greater than 10% of the fair value of our total municipal bond portfolio at June 30, 2026.

View SEC source

(In thousands, except for %)	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	% of Total Fair Value
Utilities	$41,721	45,620	16.1%
Education	38,720	44,843	15.0
Transportation	32,549	39,517	12.6

The Company's municipal bond portfolio consists of bonds from states and political subdivisions in many states; however, as of June 30, 2026, municipal bonds from issuers in Texas and California comprised 22% and 18%, respectively, of the portfolio. There were no other states or individual issuer holdings equal to or greater than 10% of the total municipal bond portfolio as of June 30, 2026.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 55

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The table below represents the Company's detailed exposure to municipal fixed maturity securities by credit rating in Texas at June 30, 2026.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	General ObligationFair Value	General ObligationAmortized Cost	Special RevenueFair Value	Special RevenueAmortized Cost	OtherFair Value	OtherAmortized Cost	TotalFair Value	TotalAmortized Cost
Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees:
AAA	$11,499	11,325	2,461	2,496	—	—	13,960	13,821
AA	13,043	13,031	17,137	19,699	46	55	30,226	32,785
A	—	—	10,858	14,730	—	—	10,858	14,730
BBB	—	—	2,948	2,920	—	—	2,948	2,920
Total	$24,542	24,356	33,404	39,845	46	55	57,992	64,256
Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees:
AA	$20,224	20,041	5,006	5,549	—	—	25,230	25,590
A	3,092	3,090	12,966	14,889	—	—	16,058	17,979
BBB	—	—	6,183	6,282	46	55	6,229	6,337
BB and other	1,226	1,225	9,249	13,125	—	—	10,475	14,350
Total	$24,542	24,356	33,404	39,845	46	55	57,992	64,256

The table below represents the Company's detailed exposure to municipal fixed maturity securities by credit rating in California at June 30, 2026.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	General ObligationFair Value	General ObligationAmortized Cost	Special RevenueFair Value	Special RevenueAmortized Cost	OtherFair Value	OtherAmortized Cost	TotalFair Value	TotalAmortized Cost
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees:
AA	$2,123	2,122	32,543	38,798	4,523	4,744	39,189	45,664
A	1,323	1,650	5,929	6,807	—	—	7,252	8,457
Total	$3,446	3,772	38,472	45,605	4,523	4,744	46,441	54,121
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees:
AA	$452	446	5,111	6,767	712	760	6,275	7,973
A	2,994	3,326	18,757	21,800	1,819	1,976	23,570	27,102
BB and other	—	—	14,604	17,038	1,992	2,008	16,596	19,046
Total	$3,446	3,772	38,472	45,605	4,523	4,744	46,441	54,121

IMPAIRMENT CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN FIXED MATURITY SECURITIES

We analyze our available-for-sale ("AFS") fixed maturity securities that are experiencing unrealized losses to ascertain if there is an expectation of credit related impairments. We did not record any credit valuation allowances on fixed maturity securities in either of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 or 2025.

Gross unrealized losses on AFS fixed maturity securities amounted to $162.6 million as of June 30, 2026 and $154.3 million as of December 31, 2025. This increase in gross unrealized losses during 2026 was a result of the increase in average market interest rates in 2026 as compared to 2025.

June 30, 2026 | 10-Q 56

CITIZENS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Information on both unrealized and realized gains and losses by category is set forth in Part I, Item 1, Note 3. Investments of the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Below are our primary capital resources (based on carrying value of each) as of the periods indicated.

View SEC source

(In thousands)	June 30, 2026	December 31, 2025
Fixed maturity securities	$1,282,060	1,287,861
Cash and cash equivalents	16,960	22,976

Liquidity refers to a company's ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the needs of its operations. Cash provided by operating activities is an important liquidity metric because it reflects, during a given period, the amount of cash generated that is available to pay operating expenses, invest in our business or make strategic acquisitions. We manage our insurance operations in order to ensure that we have stable and reliable sources of cash flows to meet our obligations. In the six months ended June 30, 2026, our operations provided $1.7 million of net cash.

We anticipate meeting our short-term and long-term cash needs with cash generated by our insurance operations and from our invested assets. 89% of our investments consist of marketable fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale that could be readily converted to cash for liquidity needs. Additionally, we may raise capital by selling shares in our SIP (as defined below) and we may also access our Credit Facility if needed (also described below). Citizens had no debt as of June 30, 2026.

We have traditionally also had significant cash flows from both scheduled and unscheduled investment security maturities, redemptions, and prepayments. These cash flows, for the most part, are reinvested in new investments. The investing activities fluctuate from period to period due to timing of securities activities such as calls, maturities and reinvestment of those funds. We purchased $53.4 million of fixed maturity securities and we also used $1.5 million to purchase other long-term investments in the first six months of 2026.

PARENT COMPANY LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Citizens is a holding company and has minimal operations of its own. Our assets consist of the capital stock of our subsidiaries, cash and investments. Our liquidity requirements are met primarily from two sources: cash generated from our operating subsidiaries and our invested assets. Our ability to obtain cash from our insurance subsidiaries depends primarily upon the availability of statutorily permissible payments, including payments we receive from service agreements with our insurance subsidiaries and dividends from the subsidiaries. The ability to make payments to the holding company is limited by applicable laws of the U.S. states of domicile and by the Puerto Rico Office of Commissioner of Insurance, which all subject insurance operations to significant regulatory restrictions. These laws and regulations require, among other things, that our insurance subsidiaries maintain minimum solvency or premium to surplus ratio requirements, which limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to the holding company. The regulations also require approval of our service agreements with the applicable regulatory authority in order to prevent insurance subsidiaries from moving large amounts of cash to the less regulated holding company.

In addition to the above-mentioned sources of cash, we offer a Stock Investment Plan ("SIP"), which allows investors, policyholders, independent contractors and agents, employees and directors to directly purchase our stock. At our option, purchases of stock under the SIP can be made from newly issued or treasury stock, rather than in the open market, in which case, we can raise capital by selling our shares.

We renewed our Credit Facility with Regions Bank on May 3, 2024 for an additional three years. See Part I, Item 1, Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein for a

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description of the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility provides additional liquidity to the Company for short-term or longer-term needs. We have not borrowed any money under the Credit Facility.

INSURANCE COMPANY SUBSIDIARY LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The liquidity requirements of our insurance operations are primarily met by premium revenues, investment income and proceeds from investment maturities, calls or sales. Primary cash needs are for payments of policyholder benefits, investment purchases, and operating expenses. We manage our insurance operations in order to ensure that we have stable and reliable sources of cash flow to meet our obligations. As we have discussed, we have been growing our domestic CLOA business by developing new products and expanding our distribution channels, which has led to increases in first year direct premiums (i.e., new sales) in our Domestic Insurance segment in the last couple years. When selling new policies, we incur upfront policy acquisition costs, such as agent commission payments. While historically, cash flows from our operations have been sufficient to meet our cash needs, we entered into a coinsurance reinsurance agreement with RGA to help with some of the costs, and the insurance subsidiaries also have the AFS fixed maturity investment portfolio available to create additional cash flows if required. Two of our insurance subsidiaries are members of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Dallas. FHLB membership provides the insurance subsidiaries with access to various low-cost collateralized borrowings and funding agreements. While not the only source of additional liquidity, the FHLB could provide the insurance subsidiaries with an additional source of liquidity, if needed.

We believe that we have adequate capital resources and ability to obtain additional capital if needed to support the short-term and longer-term liquidity requirements of our insurance operations. See Contractual Obligations and Off-balance Sheet Arrangements in our 2025 Form 10-K and below for a discussion of known and estimated cash needs. Cash flow projections and cash flow tests under various market interest rate scenarios are performed annually to assist in evaluating liquidity needs and adequacy.

Trends, Demands and Restrictions on our Uses of Cash

Payments of benefits for claims and surrenders and commissions are our largest use of cash. There are three primary components of payments of benefits: matured endowments, surrenders and death claims.

Matured Endowments. Our endowment products have contractual maturity dates and provide the policyholder with alternatives once the policy matures - they can choose to take a lump sum payout or leave the money on deposit at interest with the Company. Approximately 18% of the endowments in force will mature in the next five years, totaling approximately 5% of our in force business as of June 30, 2026. Policyholder election behavior is unknown, but if too many policyholders elect lump sum distributions, the Company could be exposed to liquidity risk in years of high maturities. Meeting these distributions could require the Company to sell its investments at inopportune times to pay policyholder withdrawals. Alternatively, if the policyholders were to leave the money on deposit with the Company at interest, our profitability could be impacted if the product guaranteed rate is higher than the market rate we are earning on our investments. We currently anticipate that our available operating cash flow and capital resources will be adequate to meet our needs for funds, and we are closely monitoring our policyholder behavior patterns, and in 2024, introduced a new product designed to allow policyholders with maturing endowments to purchase a new life insurance policy.

Surrenders. Surrender benefits, which have been high the last several years, slightly decreased during 2025 and continued to decrease the first six months of 2026. In order to mitigate the risk of early policyholder surrenders, we include provisions in our insurance policies, such as surrender charges, that help limit and discourage early withdrawals, but as many of our policies reach the age where surrender charges have expired or significantly decreased, we have experienced high levels of surrenders. We believe that surrenders have been high due to other reasons, including the loss of one of our biggest distributors in Venezuela in 2018, increasing interest rates, which may encourage policyholders to seek higher rates of return in different investment products, post-pandemic beliefs that life insurance may not be as important as it was during the pandemic, and inflationary pressures, which may cause policyholders to want the cash values of their policies due to decreased purchasing power elsewhere. To the

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extent that early surrenders are higher than expected, our use of cash could be higher than expected. We continue to monitor surrenders and early withdrawals and focus on our retention initiatives and efforts to retain cash when policyholders surrender their policies.

Our liquidity is also negatively impacted with high matured endowments and surrenders, as they lead to lower renewal premiums.

Death Claims. Our product pricing assumes a certain mortality rate and thus a primary liquidity concern is the risk of higher than expected mortality experience.

Commissions. Another significant use of cash is payment of commissions. In our Domestic Insurance segment, we pay advance commissions on some of our insurance products, meaning we pay an agent a portion of their first year commission immediately upon sale of a policy, rather than "as earned", or when premiums are received by us. Because of this, another liquidity concern is that rapid growth in first year sales of these products creates a significant increase in commission payments. CLOA sales have increased significantly since the third quarter of 2023. In order to offset some of this strain on our capital, we entered into the coinsurance agreement with RGA in the second quarter of 2024 and elected to cede 50% of our final expense business to RGA. We may also seek other options, such as loans at the holding company level (from the Credit Facility or otherwise) that would allow us to reduce the liquidity risk should required commission payments exceed current resources.

See Part I, Item 1, Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies, as well as Legal Proceedings - Trade Secret Lawsuit in our 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of the trade secret lawsuit, which could negatively impact our cash if we do not succeed in our appeal.

Regulatory Restrictions on our Use of Cash

As discussed above, we are subject to regulatory capital requirements that could affect the Company’s ability to access capital from our insurance operations or cause the Company to have to put additional cash in our insurance subsidiaries.

Our domestic companies are subject to minimum capital requirements set by the NAIC in the form of risk-based capital ("RBC"). RBC considers the type of business written by an insurance company, the quality of its assets, and various other aspects of an insurance company's business to develop a minimum level of capital called "Authorized Control Level Risk-Based Capital". This level of capital is then compared to an adjusted statutory capital that includes capital and surplus as reported under statutory accounting principles, plus certain investment reserves. Should the ratio of adjusted statutory capital to control level RBC fall below 200% for our domestic companies, a series of remedial actions by the affected company would be required. Additionally, we have a Capital Maintenance Agreement between Citizens and CLOA, Citizens' wholly-owned subsidiary domiciled in Colorado, that would require Citizens to contribute capital to CLOA in order to maintain an RBC level above 350%. At June 30, 2026, our domestic insurance subsidiaries were above the required minimum RBC levels and CLOA was above 350%.

CICA International is a Puerto Rico domiciled company. The Insurance Code of Puerto Rico does not specifically set forth minimum capital and surplus standards but rather requires that an insurer submit a business plan for approval to the OIC that includes proposed minimum capital and surplus. CICA International is required to maintain a minimum of $750,000 in capital and maintain a premium to surplus ratio of 7 to 1. At June 30, 2026, CICA International exceeded the required minimum capital and related ratio.

Any capital that Citizens is required to contribute to its insurance subsidiaries would negatively impact the holding Company's capital resources and liquidity.

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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of June 30, 2026, we have no additional contractual obligations or off-balance sheet arrangements other than those described in Part I, Item 1, Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein and in Part II, Item 7, Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements in our 2025 Form 10-K. We do not utilize special purpose entities as investment vehicles, nor are there any such entities in which we have an investment that engage in speculative activities of any nature, and we do not use such investments to hedge our investment positions.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We believe that the accounting policies set forth in Part I, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - "Critical Accounting Policies" and Part IV, Item 15, Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements in our 2025 Form 10-K continue to describe the significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of June 30, 2026. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2026 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and such information is accumulated and reported to management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, there were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Part I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings of our 2025 Form 10-K includes a discussion of our legal proceedings. There have been no material developments in the three months ended June 30, 2026 from the legal proceedings described in our 2025 Form 10-K.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2025 Form 10-K includes a discussion of our risk factors. There have been no material changes in the three months ended June 30, 2026 from the risk factors included in our 2025 Form 10-K.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 5(a)

None.

Item 5(b)

None.

Item 5(c)

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Citizens, Inc. securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.” Additionally, Citizens did not adopt or terminate any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the three months ended June 30, 2026.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS

View SEC source

Exhibit Number	The following exhibits are filed herewith:
3.1	Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation dated March 4, 2004 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 15, 2004)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws dated June 2, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 7, 2021)
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
101*	Inline XBRL Document Set for the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q*
104*	Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set*

Filed herewith.

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Citizens CIA Form 10-Q filing Q2 FY2026

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. EXHIBITS