United Community Banks UCB Form 10-Q filing Q1 FY2026

Item 1. Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) 5

Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) 6

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) 7

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited) 8

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) 9

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 10

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 30

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 47

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 47

PART II - Other Information

Item 1A. Risk Factors 48

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. 48

Item 5. Other Information. 48

Item 6. Exhibits 49

Glossary of Defined Terms

The following terms may be used throughout this report, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Term Definition

2025 10-K United’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on February 17, 2026

ACL Allowance for credit losses

AFS Available-for-sale

ALCO Asset/Liability Management Committee

ANB ANB Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American National Bank

AOCI Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Bank United Community Bank

Board United Community Banks Inc., Board of Directors

BOLI Bank-owned life insurance

CECL Current expected credit losses

CET1 Common equity tier 1

CME Chicago Mercantile Exchange

CRE Commercial real estate

Company United Community Banks Inc. (interchangeable with "United" below)

DTA Deferred tax asset

DTL Deferred tax liability

FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

FDM Modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty

Federal Reserve Federal Reserve Bank

FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank

FTE Fully taxable equivalent

GAAP Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America

GSE U.S. government-sponsored enterprise

Holding Company United Community Banks, Inc. on an unconsolidated basis

HTM Held-to-maturity

MD&A Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MBS Mortgage-backed securities

NOW Negotiable order of withdrawal

NPA Nonperforming asset

OCI Other comprehensive income (loss)

OREO Other real estate owned

Peach State Peach State Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly owned-subsidiary, Peach State Bank & Trust

Report Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending March 31, 2026

SBA United States Small Business Administration

SEC United States Securities and Exchange Commission

United United Community Banks, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands except share and per share data)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

United’s accounting and financial reporting policies conform to GAAP and reporting guidelines of banking regulatory authorities. The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have not been audited. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. A more detailed description of United’s accounting policies is included in its 2025 10-K.

During the first quarter of 2026, United established a trading securities portfolio as part of a hedging strategy to mitigate the volatility in the fair value of United’s mortgage servicing rights asset. The trading securities portfolio consists of U.S. Treasuries that are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The securities are classified as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy. Changes in the fair value of the securities are recognized in the consolidated statements of income in other noninterest income. Interest income on trading securities is included in securities interest revenue in the consolidated statements of income.

In management’s opinion, all necessary accounting adjustments have been made to fairly present the financial position and results of operations in the accompanying financial statements. These adjustments are normal and recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair and accurate presentation. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other interim periods. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in United’s 2025 10-K.

Note 2 – Investment Securities

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated are as follows.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated are presented below.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 the carrying value of pledged securities totaled $2.77 billion and $2.98 billion, respectively. Securities were pledged primarily to secure public deposits.

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

At March 31, 2026, there were 487 AFS debt securities and 286 HTM debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position. United does not intend to sell nor does it believe it will be required to sell securities in an unrealized loss position prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses at March 31, 2026 were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the majority of HTM securities were considered to have a zero loss assumption for ACL purposes. For the remaining HTM securities, primarily those issued by state and political subdivisions, calculated credit losses, and, thus, the related ACL were de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio. As a result, no ACL was recorded on the HTM portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. In addition, based on the assessments performed at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there was no ACL required related to the AFS portfolio.

The following table presents accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS debt securities, which was excluded from the estimate of credit losses, for the periods indicated.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The amortized cost and fair value of AFS and HTM debt securities at March 31, 2026, by contractual maturity, are presented in the following table.

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers and borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

Realized gains and losses are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. The following table summarizes AFS securities sales activity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

In addition, during the first quarter of 2026, United recognized $1.07 million in net losses on trading securities, of which $792,000 related to trading securities held at March 31, 2026.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Equity Investments

The table below reflects the carrying value of certain equity investments, which are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated.

Note 3 – Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses

Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows.

Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $58.4 million and $60.4 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the loan portfolio included certain loans specifically pledged to the Federal Reserve as well as loans covered by a blanket lien on qualifying loan types with the FHLB to secure contingent funding sources.

The following table presents the amortized cost of certain loans held for investment that were sold in the periods indicated. The net gains or losses on these loan sales were included in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans

The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the dates indicated. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due.

The following table presents nonaccrual loans held for investment by loan class for the periods indicated.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, United had $49.3 million and $41.5 million, respectively, in loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Estimated credit losses for these loans are based on the net realizable value of the collateral relative to the amortized cost of the loan. The majority of these loans are CRE and commercial and industrial loans.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Lease Receivables

The equipment financing portfolio includes sales-type and direct financing lease receivables. The following table presents the components of the net investment in these lease receivables as of the dates indicated.

Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of March 31, 2026 were as follows:

Credit Quality Indicators

United utilizes internal risk ratings as the primary credit quality indicator as outlined below:

Commercial Purpose Loans. United analyzes commercial loans individually on an ongoing basis based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. Commercial loans are categorized by the credit risk ratings of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful. Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful ratings are defined by regulatory authorities and represent an elevated level of risk due to weaknesses identified related to the credit and/or borrower. Ratings within these categories are based on the severity of the weakness and the likelihood of repayment. Pass loans are considered to have a low probability of default and do not meet the criteria of the other ratings.

Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass/fail grading system to all consumer purpose loans. Under this system, loans generally classified as “fail” are those that are on nonaccrual status, are 90 or more days past due, or meet certain bankruptcy status criteria. All other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported as substandard and all other loans are reported as pass.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the risk category of term loans and gross charge-offs by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of the date indicated.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The period-end amortized cost and additional information regarding loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are presented in the following tables.

The following table presents the aging category and accrual status of loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the previous 12 months on an amortized cost basis as of the dates indicated.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL for loans represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

For all periods presented, United used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Expected credit losses were estimated using a regression model for each segment based on historical data from peer banks combined with a baseline economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. These estimates were then combined with a starting value that was based on United’s recent charge-off experience to produce an expected default rate, with the results subject to a floor.

At March 31, 2026, the baseline economic forecast had improved relative to the forecast at December 31, 2025, particularly in the expected unemployment rate, which is a key assumption in our ACL model. The March forecast came out shortly after the Iran conflict began and predicted a short duration to the conflict. At March 31, 2026, United applied qualitative adjustments to increase the model’s calculated ACL for the income producing CRE, commercial & industrial, multifamily, commercial construction, residential mortgage and home equity portfolios. These qualitative adjustments were applied to better reflect management’s expectations of future performance and maintain directional consistency with internal credit measures, as well as the possibility of increased uncertainty in the economic forecast due to geopolitical risks and any resulting downstream impacts.

For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, United reverted to historical credit loss information on a straight line basis over two years. For most collateral types, United reverted to through-the-cycle average default rates using peer data. For loans secured by residential mortgages, the peer data was adjusted for changes in lending practices designed to mitigate the magnitude of losses observed during the 2008 financial crisis.

The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the periods indicated.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The table below presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments, which are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated.

United clears certain derivatives centrally through the CME. CME rules legally characterize variation margin payments for centrally cleared derivatives as settlements of the derivatives’ exposure rather than as collateral. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting purposes. Variation margin, as determined by the CME, is settled daily. As a result, derivative contracts that clear through the CME have an estimated fair value of zero.

Hedging Derivatives

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

During the periods covered by this Report, United utilized interest rate caps and swaps to hedge the variability of cash flows due to changes in interest rates on certain of its variable-rate subordinated debt and trust preferred securities. Gains and losses related to changes in fair value of the hedges are reclassified into earnings in the periods the hedged forecasted transactions occur. Over the next twelve months, United expects to reclassify $632,000 of gains from AOCI into earnings related to its interest rate swap agreements.

During the first quarter of 2026, United terminated the interest rate cap that had been designated as a hedge of its subordinated debt, after providing redemption notice on the subordinated debt during the period, which rendered the future cash flows no longer probable of occurring.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

United uses interest rate derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in fair value attributable to changes in interest rates on certain of its fixed-rate financial instruments.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the effect of derivatives in hedging relationships, all of which are interest rate contracts, on earnings for the periods indicated.

(1) Includes premium amortization expense excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of $97,000 and $116,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The table below presents the carrying amount of hedged items and cumulative fair value hedging basis adjustments for the periods presented. All fair value hedges of AFS debt securities and loans at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were designated under the portfolio layer method.

(1) Carrying amount for AFS debt securities reflects amortized cost, which excludes the hedge accounting basis adjustment.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Customer derivative positions include swaps, caps, and collars between United and certain commercial loan customers with offsetting positions to dealers under a back-to-back program. In addition, United occasionally enters into credit risk participation agreements with counterparty banks to accept or transfer a portion of the credit risk related to interest rate swaps.

United also has three interest rate swap contracts that are economic hedges of market-linked brokered certificates of deposit, which contain embedded derivatives that are bifurcated from the host instruments. The fair value marks on the swaps and the bifurcated embedded derivatives tend to move in opposite directions and therefore provide an economic hedge.

In addition, in connection with residential mortgage loans that are originated with the intention of selling them, United enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans and forward loan sales commitments.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in income on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated.

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

United manages its credit exposure on derivatives transactions by entering into a bilateral credit support agreement with each non-customer counterparty. The credit support agreements require collateralization of exposures beyond specified minimum threshold amounts. The details of these agreements, including the minimum thresholds, vary by counterparty.

United’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties provide that if either party defaults on any of its indebtedness, then it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The agreements with derivative counterparties also include provisions that if not met, could result in United being declared in default. United has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that provide that if United fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution or is subject to a prompt corrective action directive, the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and United would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. Derivatives that are centrally cleared do not have credit-risk-related features that would require additional collateral if United’s credit rating were downgraded.

Note 5 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market available to the entity in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair values are categorized within a three-level measurement hierarchy:

Level 1 Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that United has the ability to access.

Level 2 Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

United has processes in place to review the significant valuation inputs and to assesses on a quarterly basis how instruments are classified within the valuation framework. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy levels are made as the observability of input assumptions change. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that warranted a hierarchy level change.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The table below presents United’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs related to United’s material categories of Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.

The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Fair Value Option

United records mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option. Interest income on these loans is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in interest revenue. The following tables present the fair value and outstanding principal balance of loans accounted for under the fair value option, as well as the gain or loss recognized from the change in fair value for the periods indicated.

Changes in fair value were mostly offset by hedging activities. An immaterial portion of these amounts was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

United may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of the lower of the amortized cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment. The following table presents the fair value hierarchy and carrying value of assets that were still held as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the year-to-date periods presented.

Loans held for investment that are reported above are generally impaired loans that have either been partially charged off or have specific reserves assigned to them.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The following disclosure provides estimated fair values for financial instruments not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect the premium or discount on any particular financial instrument that could result from the sale of United’s entire holdings. All estimates are inherently subjective in nature. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 6 – Reclassifications Out of AOCI

The following table presents the details regarding amounts reclassified out of AOCI for the periods indicated. Amounts shown in parentheses reduce earnings.

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 7 – Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025, United had no potentially dilutive instruments outstanding that were not included in the above analysis.

Note 8 – Regulatory Matters

As of March 31, 2026, United and the Bank were categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory requirements in effect at that time. To be categorized as well-capitalized, United and the Bank must have exceeded the well-capitalized guideline ratios in effect at the time, as set forth in the table below, and have met certain other requirements. Management believes that United and the Bank exceeded all well-capitalized requirements at March 31, 2026, and there have been no conditions or events since quarter-end that would change the status of well-capitalized.

Regulatory capital ratios at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, along with the minimum amounts required for capital adequacy purposes and to be well-capitalized under regulatory requirements in effect at such times, are presented below for United and the Bank:

(1) As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the minimum ratios as presented were subject to an additional capital conservation buffer of 2.50%

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies

United is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. United uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it uses for underwriting on-balance sheet instruments. In most cases, collateral or other security is required to support financial instruments with credit risk.

The following table summarizes the contractual amount of significant off-balance sheet instruments as of the dates indicated.

United, in the normal course of business, is subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, or the range of any possible loss, management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate aggregate liability, if any, arising from these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on United’s financial position or results of operations.

Note 10 - Subsequent Events

Peach State Merger Announcement

On April 21, 2026, United entered into a definitive merger agreement to acquire Peach State Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Peach State Bank & Trust (collectively, “Peach State”), headquartered in Gainesville, Georgia. As of March 31, 2026, Peach State Bank & Trust reported total assets of $789 million, with total loans of $498 million and total deposits of $713 million.

Under the terms of the merger agreement, Peach State shareholders can elect to receive either the per share cash consideration of $31.75 or the per share stock consideration of 0.8978 shares of United common stock for each share of Peach State common stock outstanding, subject to proration such that 50% of the Peach State shares will receive stock consideration and 50% of the shares will receive cash consideration.

Debt Redemption

On April 30, 2026, United redeemed its 2028 subordinated debentures, which had an outstanding principal amount of $100 million.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion of our financial condition at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on information about our financial condition and results of operations which is not otherwise apparent from our consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide insight into our results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read along with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I - Item 1 of this Report, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 4 of this Report and the risk factors discussed in our Item 1A. of our 2025 10-K and in Part II, Item IA. of this Report.

Unless the context otherwise requires, in this Report, the terms “we,” “our,” “us” refer to United on a consolidated basis.

Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Explanation

This Report contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial information includes the following measures: “tangible book value per common share,” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets.” In addition, management presents non-GAAP operating performance measures, which exclude merger-related and other items that are not part of our ongoing business operations. Operating performance measures include “noninterest income - operating,” “noninterest expense - operating,” “net income – operating,” “diluted income per common share – operating,” “return on common equity – operating,” “return on tangible common equity – operating,” and “return on assets – operating,” “efficiency ratio – operating” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets.” We have developed internal policies and procedures to accurately capture and account for merger-related and other charges we consider to be non-operating or non-recurring and those charges are reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board each quarter. We use these non-GAAP measures because we believe they provide useful supplemental information for evaluating our operations and performance over periods of time, as well as in managing and evaluating our business and in discussions about our operations and performance. We believe these non-GAAP measures may also provide users of our financial information with a meaningful measure for assessing our financial results and credit trends, as well as a comparison to financial results for prior periods. Nevertheless, non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to or substitute for, measures determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because non-GAAP measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare our non-GAAP measures to similarly titled measures used by other companies. To the extent applicable, reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable measures as reported in accordance with GAAP are included in Table 16 of MD&A.

Executive Overview and Results of Operations

Overview

We offer a wide array of commercial and consumer banking services and investment advisory solutions provided through a 200 banking office network throughout Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Florida and Alabama. Our equipment finance and SBA/USDA lending businesses operate throughout the United States. At March 31, 2026, we had consolidated total assets of $28.2 billion and 3,118 full-time equivalent employees.

Merger Activity

Subsequent to the end of the first quarter, on April 21, 2026, we entered into a definitive merger agreement to acquire Peach State Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Peach State Bank & Trust, headquartered in Gainesville, Georgia. As of March 31, 2026, Peach State Bank & Trust reported total assets of $788 million, with total loans of $498 million and total deposits of $713 million. We expect the merger to close in the third quarter of 2026. See Note 10 to the Notes of the Financial Statements for further detail.

Results of Operations

We reported net income and diluted earnings per common share of $84.3 million and $0.69, respectively, for the first quarter of 2026. This compared to net income and diluted earnings per common share of $71.4 million and $0.58, respectively, for the same period in 2025. Net income - operating for the first quarter of 2026 was $84.7 million, which excluded merger-related and other charges and a $6.70 million one-time payroll transition bonus, which were partially offset by a $5.18 million gain on a terminated cash flow hedge and the $1.89 million release of an accrual for the special FDIC insurance assessment related to certain 2023 bank failures that the

FDIC announced it no longer intended to collect. Net income - operating for the first quarter of 2025 was $72.4 million and excluded merger-related and other charges.

We reported total revenue for the first quarters of 2026 and 2025 of $277 million and $248 million, respectively. FTE net interest revenue increased to $234 million for the first quarter of 2026, compared to $213 million for the first quarter of 2025. The increase was mostly driven by a $20.9 million decrease in deposit interest expense as the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits decreased 52 basis points. The net interest margin increased to 3.65% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 3.36% for the same period in 2025, primarily due to the steeper decrease in interest rates paid on deposits compared to the decrease in interest rates earned on loans.

Noninterest income of $43.7 million for the first quarter of 2026 was up $8.09 million, or 23%, from the first quarter of 2025, primarily driven by the $5.18 million gain on the terminated cash flow hedge and a $1.39 million increase in other investment income.

We recorded provisions for credit losses of $10.9 million and $15.4 million for the first quarters of 2026 and 2025, respectively. The lower provision expense for the first quarter of 2026 mostly reflects a more favorable economic forecast compared to that of first quarter of 2025.

For the first quarter of 2026, noninterest expense of $157 million increased by $16.2 million compared to the same period of 2025. The increase was mostly driven by a $17.0 million increase in salaries and employee benefits, primarily due to the one-time payroll transition bonus of $6.70 million and higher total compensation, a portion of which resulted from the acquisition of ANB in the second quarter of 2025, annual merit increases that became effective April 1, 2025 and higher incentives. This was partially offset by a $2.37 million decrease in FDIC assessment and other regulatory charges, reflecting the release of the remaining FDIC special assessment accrual and a lower assessment rate for the first quarter of 2026 compared to the same period of 2025.

Results for the first quarter of 2026 are discussed in further detail throughout the following sections of MD&A.

(1) Excludes non-operating items as detailed on Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation on page 46. (2) Net income less preferred stock dividends, divided by average realized common equity, which excludes AOCI. (3) Excludes effect of acquisition related intangibles and associated amortization. (4) Annualized.

Net Interest Revenue

The following discussion provides additional details on the daily average balances and net interest revenue for the periods presented. The table that follows indicates the relationship between interest revenue and expense and the daily average amounts of assets and liabilities, which provides further insight into net interest spread and net interest margin for the periods indicated.

FTE net interest revenue for the first quarter of 2026 was $234 million, representing an increase of $20.9 million, or 10%, from the same period in 2025. The net interest spreads for the first quarters of 2026 and 2025 were 2.92% and 2.46%, respectively. The net interest margins for the first quarters of 2026 and 2025 were 3.65% and 3.36%, respectively.

The interest rate environment changes over the past year included aggregate reductions of 75 basis points in the federal funds rate, which drove decreases in funding costs, and to a lesser extent, loan yields. As a result, the primary driver in the increase in FTE net interest revenue for the first quarter of 2026 was a $20.9 million decrease in deposit interest expense. Interest revenue from interest-earning assets decreased $1.28 million. Loan interest revenue increased $12.7 million compared to the same period of 2025, mostly driven by loan growth, while securities interest revenue decreased $12.7 million due to both a lower average balances and a decrease in the average rate earned. The increase in net interest revenue for the first quarter of 2026 also reflects net interest revenue from the loans and deposits acquired in the ANB merger, which closed on May 1, 2025. The increase in net interest margin and net interest spread was primarily driven by a steeper decrease in average rates paid on deposits compared to the decrease in rates earned on loans.

Table 2 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

(dollars in thousands, (FTE))

(1) Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans includes a taxable-equivalent adjustment to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The FTE adjustment totaled $1.11 million and $991,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The tax rate used to calculate the adjustment was 25%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.

(2) Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued.

(3) Unrealized losses on AFS securities, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $176 million in 2026 and $269 million in 2025 are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.

(4) Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.

Table 3 - Noninterest Income

(dollars in thousands)

The increase in mortgage loan gains and related fees for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period of 2025 was primarily a result of an increase in mortgage servicing income of $1.04 million, which includes fair value adjustments to our mortgage servicing asset. During the first quarter of 2026, we began an economic hedging strategy utilizing a trading securities portfolio, with the intention of offsetting the impact of the changes in the fair value of our mortgage servicing asset with the gains or losses on trading securities. During the first quarter of 2026, we recognized $1.07 million losses on trading securities, which is included in other noninterest income.

During the first quarter of 2026, other investment income reflects higher earnings on our fintech and limited partnership investments compared to the same period of 2025. Our other investment portfolio includes mutual funds, equity securities, fintech and other limited partnership investments. Gains and losses from these investments are generally unrealized.

The increase in other noninterest income was primarily driven by the $5.18 million gain on the termination of an interest rate cap accounted for as a cash flow hedge of our $100 million subordinated debt, for which redemption notice was provided in the first quarter of 2026. The subordinated debt was subsequently redeemed on April 30, 2026.

Provision for Credit Losses

We recorded provisions for credit losses of $10.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $15.4 million for the same period of 2025. The amount of provision recorded in each period was the amount required such that the total ACL reflected the appropriate balance as determined by management reflecting expected life of loan losses. Additional discussion on credit quality and the ACL is included in the “Allowance for Credit Losses” section of MD&A in this Report.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated.

Table 4 - Noninterest Expense

(dollars in thousands)

The increase in salaries and employee benefits for the first quarter of 2026 compared to 2025 was mostly driven by the $6.70 million one-time payroll transition bonus described below, annual merit increases that went into effect on April 1, 2025, higher performance-related incentive compensation and the addition of ANB employees on May 1, 2025.

The one-time payroll transition bonus was a result of our first quarter transition from a semi-monthly payroll cycle to a bi-weekly payroll cycle in arrears. The bonus was paid to bridge the resulting gap in payroll dates due to the schedule change.

The decrease in FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges reflects a $1.89 million accrual reversal of the FDIC special assessment related to certain 2023 bank failures, as the FDIC announced it no longer intended to collect the remainder of the assessment. In addition, our assessment rate for the first quarter of 2026 decreased compared to the first quarter of 2025.

Income Tax Expense

The following table presents income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the periods indicated.

Table 5 - Income Tax Expense

(dollars in thousands)

Managing Risk

Our business purpose is to provide financial services and products to customers, which inherently comes with risk. We strive to manage, mitigate and optimize that risk appropriately. We maintain an enterprise risk framework that provides for the structure of the governance and oversight of our primary risk categories, which include credit, liquidity, market/interest rate, capital, strategic, operational, legal/compliance and reputation. The objective of our risk framework is to establish a formal structure for identifying, assessing, managing, monitoring and reporting risks in order to assist the Bank in achieving its strategic objectives.

The following discussion of our financial results and activities for the periods covered by this Report are grouped into their most relevant risk categories of Credit Risk Management, Liquidity Risk Management, Market / Interest Rate Risk Management and

Capital Risk Management. For more information on our risks, see Item 1A. Risk Factors and the Managing Risk section in MD&A of the 2025 10-K.

Credit Risk Management

Our loan portfolio is the largest asset class on our balance sheet; therefore, credit risk management plays a key role in our overall risk management infrastructure. Credit risk is inherent to the lending function; thus, a sound risk management system is essential to maximize returns within acceptable risk parameters.

Asset Quality

We manage asset quality and control credit risk through review and oversight of the loan portfolio as well as adherence to policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. Our credit risk management function is responsible for monitoring asset quality and Board approved portfolio concentration limits, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures.

We conduct reviews of classified performing and non-performing loans, FDMs, past due loans and portfolio concentrations on a regular basis to identify risk migration and potential charges to the ACL. These items are discussed in a series of meetings attended by Credit Risk Management and other senior leadership from various lending groups. In addition to the reviews mentioned above, an independent loan review team reviews the portfolio to ensure consistent application of credit and risk rating policies and procedures.

For more information, see Credit Risk Management in the MD&A of the 2025 10-K.

Loans

As of March 31, 2026, loans totaled $19.6 billion, compared to $19.4 billion at December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily driven by organic loan growth, particularly in our commercial portfolio.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL reflects our assessment of the life of loan expected credit losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. This assessment involves uncertainty and judgment and is subject to change in future periods. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of MD&A in our 2025 10-K for additional information on the ACL.

The ACL for loans at March 31, 2026 totaled $208 million compared to $210 million at December 31, 2025 and the ACL for loans as a percentage of total loans decreased slightly to 1.06% from 1.09%. The decrease in the ACL was primarily attributable to a more positive economic forecast at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2026. Our ACL for unfunded commitments, which totaled $17.6 million, increased $2.51 million compared to December 31, 2025 mostly due to an increase in our construction commitments.

The following tables provide information on loans and the ACL for the periods indicated. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further information on loans and the ACL.

Table 6 - Loan Portfolio Composition and ACL Allocation

(dollars in thousands)

(1) Loans presented exclude fair value hedge basis adjustments.

The following table provides a summary of net charge-offs to average loans for the periods indicated.

Table 7 - Net Charge-offs to Average Loans

(dollars in thousands)

(1) Annualized.

Nonperforming Assets

The table below summarizes NPAs for the periods indicated. NPAs include nonaccrual loans, OREO and repossessed assets. The main driver of the increase in nonaccrual loans since December 31, 2025 was a small population of larger owner-occupied CRE loans moving to nonaccrual during the first quarter of 2026.

Table 8 - NPAs

(dollars in thousands)

Concentration Considerations

Commercial loans make up 75% of our loan portfolio, which includes owner occupied and income producing real estate, commercial and industrial, commercial construction and land and equipment financing loans.

Approximately 75% of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate and therefore, can be affected by changes in real estate valuation.

Non-owner occupied CRE loans

The following table provides industry concentrations of our non-owner occupied CRE loans, which include the income producing CRE portfolio and non-owner occupied commercial construction loans as of the dates indicated.

Table 9 - Industry Concentrations of Non-Owner Occupied CRE Loans

(dollars in thousands)

Liquidity Risk Management

Liquidity is defined as the ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. The primary objective of liquidity management is to maintain the ability to meet the daily cash flow requirements of customers, both depositors and borrowers, at a reasonable cost. As part of our liquidity management, we focus on maximizing the amount of securities and loans available as collateral for contingent liquidity sources and calibrating our assumptions in our liquidity stress test on an ongoing basis, particularly as it relates to deposit duration. We maintain an unencumbered liquid asset reserve to help ensure our ability to meet our obligations under normal conditions for at least a 12-month period and under severely adverse liquidity conditions for a minimum of 30 days. While the desired level of liquidity will vary depending upon a variety of factors, our primary goal is to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity in all expected economic environments.

The Bank’s main source of liquidity is customer deposit accounts. Liquidity is also available from cash and cash equivalents and wholesale funding sources consisting primarily of Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances and brokered deposits. Wholesale funding instruments are generally short-term in nature and used as necessary to fund asset growth and meet other short-term liquidity needs. At the end of 2025 and through most of the first quarter of 2026, due to loan growth and some seasonal deposit attrition, we utilized modest short-term borrowings to meet short-term funding needs. At December 31, 2025, we had $85.0 million of outstanding federal funds purchased. By March 31, 2026, we were able to meet our funding needs without the use of wholesale borrowings and had no outstanding short-term borrowings at quarter-end. Our loan and securities portfolios also provide liquidity primarily through loan principal and interest payments and the maturities and sales of securities, as well as the ability to use these assets as collateral for borrowings on a secured basis.

For more information, see Liquidity Risk Management in the MD&A of the 2025 10-K.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had sufficient liquid funds and qualifying collateral to support additional borrowings, which are detailed in the table below.

(1) Based on collateral pledged.

In addition, because the Holding Company is a separate entity and distinct from the Bank, it must provide for its own liquidity. The Holding Company is responsible for the payment of dividends declared for its common shareholders, and interest and principal on any outstanding debt or trust preferred securities. The Holding Company currently has sufficient liquid assets to meet these obligations. Holding Company liquidity is maintained at a level of at least 125% of the next 12 months of forecasted cash obligations.

In the opinion of management, our liquidity position at March 31, 2026 was sufficient to meet our expected cash flow requirements for the foreseeable future. See the consolidated statement of cash flows for further detail.

Deposits

Customer deposits are the primary source of funds for the continued growth of our earning assets. We believe our high level of service, as evidenced by our strong customer satisfaction scores, is instrumental in attracting and retaining customer deposit accounts. Since December 31, 2025, customer deposits increased $237 million, primarily driven by the increase in noninterest demand deposits. As of March 31, 2026, we had approximately $10.1 billion of uninsured deposits, of which $2.99 billion was collateralized by investment securities.

Table 11 - Deposits

(dollars in thousands)

Investment Securities

The composition of the investment securities portfolio reflects our investment strategy of maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity while providing a relatively stable source of revenue. The investment securities portfolio also provides a balance to interest rate risk and credit risk in other categories of the balance sheet while providing a vehicle for the investment of available funds, furnishing liquidity, and supplying securities to pledge as required collateral for certain deposits and borrowings. The table below summarizes the carrying value of our securities portfolio and other relevant portfolio metrics including weighted-average life and effective duration as

of the dates presented. Effective duration represents the expected change in the price of a security when rates change by 100 basis points.

Table 12 - Investment Securities

(dollars in thousands)

We utilize fair value hedges on a portion of our AFS securities portfolio in order to mitigate the impact of potential future unrealized losses on our tangible common equity. Gains and losses related to the hedge and hedged item are reflected in investment securities interest income. The changes in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item substantially offset each other. See Note 4 to the financial statements for further detail.

At March 31, 2026, HTM debt securities had a fair value of $1.88 billion, indicating net unrealized losses of $333 million (pre-tax). Additional unrealized losses on HTM debt securities of $50.0 million (pre-tax) were included in AOCI as a result of the transfer of AFS debt securities to HTM in 2022. Unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional detail on investment securities.

Borrowing Activities

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had long-term debt outstanding of $121 million and $120 million, respectively, which includes subordinated debentures and trust preferred securities. During the first quarter of 2026, holders of our $100 million subordinated debentures were notified that the debt would be redeemed prior to maturity, on April 30, 2026. At March 31, 2026 there were no short-term borrowings outstanding, compared to $85.0 million at December 31, 2025. The need to utilize wholesale funding sources has decreased because our liquidity needs have been met by our deposit and cash balances.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There have not been any material changes to our contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements since December 31, 2025.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

Interest rate sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of the portfolio of assets and liabilities. Repricing characteristics are the time frames within which the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are subject to change either at replacement, repricing or maturity.

Management uses an asset/liability simulation model to measure the potential change in net interest revenue over time using multiple interest rate scenarios. Our modeling is based on the 12-month impact on net interest revenue simulations with various interest rate shocks and ramps, which are compared to a base scenario that assumes rates remain unchanged. In the shock scenarios, rates immediately change the full amount at the scenario onset. In the ramp scenarios, rates change by 25 basis points per month until they reach the predetermined levels.

The following table presents our estimated interest sensitivity position at the dates indicated. The scenario results presented assume parallel movements in the yield curve, which may differ from actual future curve behavior. Other than an assumption for the runoff of estimated surge deposits, which is assumed to be replaced with higher cost wholesale funding, this presentation generally assumes no change in deposit portfolio size or composition.

Table 13 - Interest Sensitivity

The change in results from December 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026 are primarily driven by a reduction in notional pay-fixed, receive float swaps.

Capital Risk Management

The maintenance and management of capital levels is one of management’s significant priorities. We are committed to maintaining a capital position that will support ongoing operations and achieve our strategic objectives. The ALCO and the Board are responsible for establishing capital adequacy risk ranges that are appropriate given the risks to which we are exposed and the environment in which we operate. Current and projected capital levels are compared to the capital adequacy risk ranges and reported quarterly to the ALCO and the Board. We utilize a baseline capital forecast as part of our capital management and planning process to evaluate current and future capital needs. We also use hypothetical stressed scenarios and sensitivity analyses, based on changing economic conditions and scenarios, including potential merger and acquisition transactions and debt/capital market activities. Forecasting alternative capital scenarios helps inform overall capital adequacy and capital ranges.

Shareholders’ Equity Highlights

Shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2026 was $3.65 billion, an increase of $16.0 million from December 31, 2025 primarily due to year-to-date earnings of $84.3 million, partially offset by common stock repurchases of $37.4 million and dividends declared on common stock of $30.4 million.

Regulatory Capital

The following table shows capital composition as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Table 14 - Capital Composition under Basel III

(in thousands)

The following table shows capital ratios, as calculated under applicable regulatory guidelines, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2026, capital levels remained characterized as “well-capitalized” under regulatory requirements in effect at the time. Additional information related to capital ratios is provided in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

Table 15 - Capital Ratios

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices

A bank’s asset and liability structure is substantially different from that of an industrial firm in that primarily all assets and liabilities of a bank are monetary in nature with relatively little investment in fixed assets or inventories. Management believes the effect of inflation on financial results depends on our ability to react to changes in interest rates, and by such reaction, reduce the inflationary effect on performance. We have an asset/liability management program to manage interest rate sensitivity. In addition, periodic reviews of banking services and products are conducted to adjust pricing in view of current and expected costs.

Critical Accounting Estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Our accounting and reporting estimates are in accordance with GAAP and conform to customary practices within the banking industry. Estimates that are susceptible to significant changes include accounting for the ACL and fair value measurements, both of which require significant judgments by management. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Also, different assumptions in the application of these accounting estimates could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations. Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in MD&A in our 2025 10-K.