Timberland Bancorp TSBK Form 10-Q filing Q2 FY2026

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

• Derived from audited consolidated financial statements.

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)

March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

• Derived from audited consolidated financial statements.

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (continued)

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)

For the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Timberland Bank (the "Bank") (collectively, "the Company") were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all disclosures necessary for a complete presentation of consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. However, all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the interim consolidated financial statements have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2025 (“2025 Form 10-K”). The unaudited consolidated results of operations for the six months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending September 30, 2026.

(b) Principles of Consolidation: The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, and the Bank's wholly owned subsidiary, Timberland Service Corp. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

(c) Operating Segment: The Company's revenue is primarily derived from the business of banking. Management has assigned certain responsibilities by business-line and evaluates financial performance on a Company-wide basis. The Company's financial performance is monitored on a consolidated basis by the Company's Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer, which are considered the Company's chief operating decision makers ("CODMs") for financial oversight. The primary measure of performance is consolidated net income. Financial performance is reviewed monthly by the CODMs. The presentation of financial performance is consistent with amounts and financial statement line items shown in the Company's consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. All of the Company's operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

(d) The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets, and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(e) Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the March 31, 2026 presentation with no change to previously reported net income or total shareholders’ equity.

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities have been classified according to management’s intent and were as follows as of March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of March 31, 2026 (dollars in thousands):

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

During the six months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recorded a $3,000 net realized loss on 14 held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been recognized previously as a credit loss. During the six months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded a $2,000 net realized loss on 13 held to maturity investment securities all of which had been recognized previously as credit losses.

The recorded amount of investment securities pledged as collateral for public fund deposits, federal treasury tax and loan deposits, FHLB collateral and other non-profit organization deposits totaled $196.29 million and $195.93 million at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively.

The contractual maturities of investment securities at March 31, 2026 were as follows (dollars in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from scheduled maturities due to the prepayment of principal or call provisions.

Credit Quality Indicators and Allowance for Credit Losses

Available for Sale Investment Securities

The Company assesses each available for sale investment security that is in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis results from a credit loss or other factors. The Company did not record an ACL on any available for sale investment securities at March 31, 2026 or September 30, 2025. As of both dates, the Company considered the unrealized losses across the classes of major security-type to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of a deterioration in credit value. The Company expects the fair value of these securities to recover as the securities approach their maturity dates or sooner if market yields for such securities decline. The Company does not believe that these securities are impaired because of their credit quality or related to any issuer or industry specific event. The Company has the ability and intent to hold the investments until the fair value recovers.

Held to Maturity Investment Securities

The Company measures expected credit losses on held to maturity investment securities, which are comprised of U.S. government agency and U.S. government mortgage-backed securities, private label mortgage-backed securities, municipal, and other bonds. The Company’s agency and mortgage-backed securities that are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. As such, no ACL has been established for these securities. The ACL on the private label mortgage-backed securities, municipal, and other bonds within the held to maturity securities portfolio is calculated using the probability of default/loss given default ("PD/LGD") method. The calculation is completed on a quarterly basis using the default studies provided by an industry leading source. At March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, the ACL on the held to maturity securities portfolio totaled $31,000 and $36,000, respectively.

The following tables set forth information for the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 regarding activity in the ACL by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

The ACL on held to maturity securities is included within investment securities held to maturity on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the ACL are recorded through the provision for (recapture of) credit losses on the consolidated income statement.

Accrued interest receivable on held to maturity investment securities totaled $276,000 at March 31, 2026 and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. Held to maturity investment securities are typically classified as non-accrual when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest. When held to maturity investment securities are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. The Company had $30,000 of private label mortgage-backed held to maturity investment securities in non-accrual status at March 31, 2026.

The Company monitors the credit quality of investment securities held to maturity using credit ratings from Moody's, S&P and Fitch. The Company monitors the credit ratings on a quarterly basis.

The following tables set forth the Company's held to maturity investment securities at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, by credit quality indicator (dollars in thousands):

Prior to adopting ASU 2016-13 during the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company bifurcated other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") into (1) amounts related to credit losses which are recognized through earnings and (2) amounts related to all other factors which are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). To determine the component of the gross OTTI related to credit losses, the Company compared the amortized cost basis of the OTTI security to the present value of its revised expected cash flows, discounted using its pre-impairment yield. The revised expected cash flow estimates for individual securities are based primarily on an analysis of default rates, prepayment speeds and third-party analytic reports. Significant judgment by management was required in this analysis that included, but not limited to, assumptions regarding the collectability of principal and interest, net of related expenses, on the underlying loans. The amounts written off due to credit loss remain and continue to be recovered on a cash basis.

The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component of held to maturity investment securities that have been written down for OTTI with the credit loss component recognized in earnings for the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (dollars in thousands):

(3) GOODWILL AND CDI

Goodwill is initially recorded when the purchase price paid in a business combination exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is presumed to have an indefinite useful life and is analyzed annually for impairment. The Company performs an annual review during the third quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine if the recorded goodwill is impaired. For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, the services offered through the Bank and its subsidiary are managed as one strategic unit and represent the Company's only reporting unit.

An assessment of qualitative factors is completed to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative analysis concludes that further analysis is required, then a quantitative impairment test would be completed. The quantitative goodwill impairment test is used to identify the existence of impairment and the amount of impairment loss and compares the reporting unit’s estimated fair value, including goodwill, to its carrying amount. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, then goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized equal to the amount of excess, limited to the amount of total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company performed its fiscal year 2025 goodwill impairment test during the quarter ended June 30, 2025. Based on this assessment, the Company determined that it is not "more likely than not" that the Company's fair value is less than its carrying amount, and, therefore, goodwill was determined not to be impaired at May 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2026, management believes that there have been no events or changes in the circumstances since May 31, 2025 that would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill. No assurance can be given, however, that the Company will not record an impairment loss on goodwill in the future. If adverse economic conditions or any decreases in the Company's stock price and market capitalization were deemed to be other than temporary, it may significantly affect the fair value of the Company's goodwill and may trigger impairment charges. Any impairment charge could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

CDI represents the future economic benefit of the potential cost savings from acquiring core deposits as part of a business combination compared to the cost of alternative funding sources. CDI is amortized to non-interest expense using an accelerated method based on an estimated runoff of related deposits over a period of ten years. CDI is evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, with any changes in estimated useful life accounted for prospectively over the revised remaining life. As of March 31, 2026, management believes that there have been no events or changes in the circumstances that would indicate a potential impairment of CDI.

(4) LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans receivable by portfolio segment consisted of the following at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

(1) Does not include one- to four-family loans held for sale totaling $1.64 million and $1.13 million at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively.

Loans receivable at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, are reported net of unamortized discounts totaling $33,000 and $51,000, respectively.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses credit risk grades which reflect the Company’s assessment of a loan’s risk or loss potential. The Company categorizes loans into risk grade categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors such as the estimated fair value of the collateral. The Company uses the following definitions for credit risk ratings as part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of its loan portfolio:

Pass: Pass loans are defined as those loans that meet acceptable quality underwriting standards.

Watch: Watch loans are defined as those loans that still exhibit acceptable quality, but have some concerns that justify greater attention. If these concerns are not corrected, a potential for further adverse categorization exists. These concerns could relate to a specific condition peculiar to the borrower, its industry segment or the general economic environment.

Special Mention: Special mention loans are defined as those loans deemed by management to have some potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the payment prospects of the loan.

Substandard: Substandard loans are defined as those loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. If the weakness or weaknesses are not corrected, there is the distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained.

Doubtful: Loans in this classification have the weaknesses of substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make the collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss. At March 31, 2026, no loans were classified as doubtful. At September 30, 2025, there was one loan classified as doubtful which is supported by an SBA guarantee of the remaining balance.

Loss: Loans in this classification are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. At March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, there were no loans classified as loss.

The following table sets forth the Company's loan portfolio at March 31, 2026 by risk attribute and year of origination as well as current period gross charge-offs (dollars in thousands):

(1) Net of construction LIP

The following table sets forth the Company's loan portfolio at September 30, 2025, by risk attribute and year of origination as well as gross charges offs in the year ending September 30, 2025:

(1) Net of construction LIP

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is an estimate of the expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. The ACL is evaluated and calculated on a collective basis for those loans which share similar risk characteristics. For loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and cannot be evaluated on a collective basis, the Company will evaluate the loan individually. The Company estimates the expected credit losses over the loans' contractual terms, adjusted for expected prepayments. The ACL is calculated for loan segments utilizing loan level information and relevant information from internal and external sources related to past events and current conditions. Management has adopted the discounted cash flow ("DCF") methodology for all segments. The Company incorporates a reasonable and supportable forecast that utilizes current period national gross domestic product ("GDP") and national unemployment figures. Each of the loan segments are impacted by those factors. Prepayment rates are established for each segment based on historical averages for the segments, which management believes is an accurate presentation of future prepayment activity. Loans that are evaluated individually are not included in the collective analysis. The ACL on loans that are evaluated individually may be estimated based on their expected cash flows, or in the case of loans for which repayment is expected substantially through the operation or sale of collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, may be measured based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs.

When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible, identified amounts are charged against the ACL. The existence of some or all of the following criteria will generally confirm that a loss has been incurred: the loan is significantly delinquent and the borrower has not demonstrated the ability or intent to bring the loan current; the Company has no recourse to the borrower, or if it does, the borrower has insufficient assets to pay the debt; and/or the estimated fair value of the loan collateral is significantly below the current loan balance, and there is little or no near-term prospect for improvement.

Management's evaluation of the ACL is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments of the known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. Loss factors are based on the Company's historical loss experience with additional consideration and adjustments made for changes in economic conditions, changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency rates, changes in collateral values, seasoning of the loan portfolio, duration of the current business cycle, a detailed analysis of individually evaluated loans and other factors as deemed appropriate. Management also assesses the risk related to reasonable and supportable forecasts that are used. These factors are evaluated on a quarterly basis. Loss rates used by the Company are affected as changes in these factors increase or decrease from quarter to quarter. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company's ACL and may require the Company to make adjustments to the ACL based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

The following tables set forth information for the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 regarding activity in the ACL by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Non-Accrual Loans

When a loan is 90 days delinquent the accrual of interest is generally discontinued and the loan is placed on non-accrual. All interest accrued but not collected for loans placed on non-accrual is reversed out of interest income. Generally, payments received on non-accrual loans are applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the loan. At times interest may be accounted for on a cash basis, depending on the collateral value and the borrower's payment history. A loan is generally not removed from non-accrual until all delinquent principal, interest and late fees have been brought current and the borrower demonstrates repayment ability over a period of not less than six months and all taxes are current.

The following tables present an analysis of loans by aging category and portfolio segment at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

(1) Includes loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

(2) Net of construction LIP.

(1) Includes loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

(2) Net of construction LIP.

At March 31, 2026, the Company had $5.51 million of non-accrual loans with an ACL of $1.03 million and $3.89 million of non-accrual loans with no ACL. The following table is a summary of the amortized cost of collateral dependent non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2026 (in thousands):

At September 30, 2025, the Company had $1.31 million of non-accrual loans with an ACL of $360,000 and $3.10 million of non-accrual loans with no ACL. The following table is a summary of the amortized cost of collateral dependent non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Occasionally, the Company offers modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions or any combination of these. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of the forgiveness is charged-off against the ACL for loans. Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is charged-off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL for loans is adjusted by the same amount. The ACL on modified loans is measured using the same credit loss estimation methods used to determine the ACL of all other loans held for investment. These methods incorporate the post-modification of loan terms, as well as defaults and charge-offs associated with historical modified loans.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the six months ended March 31, 2026, by loan class and modification type (dollars in thousands):

All loans modified during the past twelve months are performing according to modified terms.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the six months ended March 31, 2025, by loan class and modification type (dollars in thousands):

(5) LEASES

At March 31, 2026, the Company had operating leases for three retail bank branch offices and an administrative office. The Company's leases have remaining terms ranging from one to 24 years, and include options to extend the leases for up to a total of fifteen years. Lease extensions are not certain, and the Company evaluates each lease based on the specific circumstances for the location to determine the probability of exercising the extension in the calculation of ROU assets and lease liabilities.

The components of lease cost (included in the premises and equipment expense category in the consolidated statements of income) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

The following table provides supplemental information related to operating leases at or for the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (dollars in thousands):

The Company's leases typically do not contain a discount rate implicit in the lease contracts. As an alternative, the weighted average discount rate used to estimate the present value of future lease payments in calculating the value of the ROU asset and lease liability was determined by utilizing the FHLB fixed-rate credit advance borrowing rate for the term correlating to the remaining term of each lease.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities at March 31, 2026 for future fiscal years are as follows (dollars in thousands):

(6) NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without considering any dilutive items. Nonvested shares of restricted stock are included in the computation of basic earnings per share because the holder has voting rights and shares in non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares and common stock equivalents for items that are dilutive, net of shares assumed to be repurchased using the treasury stock method at the average share price for the Company’s common stock during the period. Common stock equivalents arise from the assumed conversion of outstanding stock options.

Information regarding the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, is as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

(1) For the three and six months ended March 31, 2026, average options to purchase 0 and 505 shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2025, average options to purchase 126,540 and 111,213 shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

(7) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") by component during the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, are as follows (dollars in thousands):

(1) All amounts are net of income taxes.

(8) STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company maintains one active stock compensation plan, the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"). Under the 2019 Plan, the Company may grant options and awards of restricted stock (with or without performance measures) for up to 350,000 shares of common stock, of which 300,000 shares are reserved for issuance to employees and officers, and 50,000 shares are reserved for issuance to directors and directors emeriti. Shares issued under the 2019 Plan may be purchased in the open market or issued from the Company's authorized and unissued shares. The exercise price of each stock option equals the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock options generally vest in equal annual installments over five years beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date and have a maximum contractual term of ten years. Restricted stock awards typically vest in equal annual installments over a three- or five-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date. At March 31, 2026, 132,935 shares of common stock remained available for further issuance under the 2019 Plan, either as stock options or restricted stock.

The Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") expired on January 27, 2025; therefore, no further awards may be granted under the plan. As of March 31, 2026, there were 89,375 options outstanding to purchase that had been previously granted under the 2014 Plan, of which 77,775 were vested and 11,600 were unvested.

Stock option activity for the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, is summarized as follows:

The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.

There were no stock options granted during the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $643,000 and $386,000, respectively.

At March 31, 2026, there were 33,200 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $221,000, all of which the Company assumes will vest. The aggregate intrinsic value of unvested options at March 31, 2026 was $388,000. There were 300 options that vested during the six months ended March 31, 2026 with a total fair value of $2,056.

At March 31, 2025, there were 71,230 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $431,000. There were 2,500 options that vested during the six months ended March 31, 2025 with a total fair value of $16,000.

Additional information regarding options outstanding at March 31, 2026, is as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at March 31, 2026 and 2025, was $2.08 million and $1.20 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2026, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $168,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.01 years.

There were no restricted stock awards granted during the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

The following table presents the activity related to restricted stock for the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

The fair value of restricted stock awards is equal to the fair value of the Company's stock on the date of the grant. The related stock-based compensation expense is recorded over the requisite service period. At March 31, 2026, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards was $1.91 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.30 years.

(9) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined under GAAP as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. GAAP requires that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and

minimize the use of unobservable inputs. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the valuation inputs into three levels. Based on the underlying inputs, each fair value measurement in its entirety is reported in one of three levels. These levels are:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar (as opposed to identical) assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale and investments in equity securities. The estimated fair values of available for sale investment securities are based upon quoted market prices (Level 1) and market prices of similar securities or observable inputs (Level 2). The estimated fair values of mutual funds are based upon quoted market prices (Level 1).

The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025. The Company's assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

There were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the six months ended March 31, 2026 and the year ended September 30, 2025.

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period.

The Company uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value on a non-recurring basis:

Individually Evaluated Collateral-Dependent Loans: Loans for which repayment is substantially expected to be provided through the operation or sale of collateral are considered collateral dependent, and are valued based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell, where applicable. Accordingly, collateral dependent loans are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets, net: OREO and other repossessed assets are recorded at estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Estimated fair value is generally determined by management based on a number of factors, including third-party appraisals of estimated fair value in an orderly sale. Estimated costs to sell are based on standard market factors. The valuation of OREO and other repossessed assets is subject to significant external and internal judgment (Level 3).

The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 inputs for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025:

Valuation Technique(s) Significant Unobservable Input(s) Range

Individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans Market approach Appraised value less estimated selling costs 8%

OREO and other repossessed assets Market approach Lower of appraised value or listing price less estimated selling costs 8%

GAAP requires disclosure of estimated fair values for certain financial instruments. Such estimates are subjective in nature, and significant judgment is required regarding the risk characteristics of various financial instruments at a discrete point in time. Therefore, such estimates could vary significantly if assumptions regarding uncertain factors were to change. In addition, as the Company normally intends to hold the majority of its financial instruments until maturity, it does not expect to realize many of the estimated amounts disclosed. The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for certain items which are not defined as financial instruments but which may have significant value. The Company does not believe that it would be practicable to estimate a fair value for these types of items as of March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025. Because GAAP excludes certain items from fair value disclosure requirements, any aggregation of the fair value amounts presented would not represent the underlying value of the Company. Additionally, the Company uses the exit price notion in calculating the fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

(10) RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are intended to provide more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income tax paid information. The ASU requires

disclosure in the rate reconciliation of specific categories as well as additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The amendment requires on an annual basis a reconciliation broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. An entity should apply the amendments in this ASU on a prospective basis. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its annual disclosure requirements and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its business operations or the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Topic 220): Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosure, in the notes to the financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. In conjunction with recent standards that enhanced the disaggregation of revenue and income tax information, the disaggregated expense information will enable investors to better understand the major components of an entity's income statement. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its disclosure requirements and does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on its business operations or the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40): Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregations Disclosures: Clarifying the effective Date. The amendments in this ASU amend the effective date of ASU 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption of ASU 2025-01 is permitted.

In November 2025, The FASB issued ASU 2025-08, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Purchased loans. The ASU expands the use of the gross-up method for accounting for certain acquired loans, specifically purchased seasoned loans ("PSLs"). This methods allows entities to recognize an allowance for credit losses at the acquisition date, which is added to the asset's amortized cost basis. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270) Narrow-Scope Improvements. The ASU adds additional interim disclosures from various Codification Topics to ASC 270. It requires entities to disclose events that occurred since the end of the last annual reporting period that materially affect the entity. The ASU is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its disclosure requirements and does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on its business operations or the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not currently expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

(11) REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") applies to all contracts with customers to provide goods or services in the ordinary course of business, except for contracts that are specifically excluded from its scope. The majority of the Company's revenues are composed of interest income, deferred loan fee accretion, premium/discount accretion, gains on sales of loans and investments, BOLI net earnings, servicing income on loans sold and other loan fee income, which are not within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue reported as service charges on deposits, ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, non-deposit investment fees and escrow fees are within the scope of ASC 606. All of the Company's revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is recognized in non-interest income with the exception of gains on sales of OREO and gains on sales/disposition of premises and equipment, which are included in non-interest expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized $934,000 in service charges on deposits, $1.13 million in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, $28,000 in escrow fees, and $12,000 in fee income from non-deposit investment sales included in "Other, net" in non-interest income on the consolidated statement of income, all considered within the scope of ASC 606. For the six months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized $1.92 million in service charges on deposits, $2.33 million in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, $52,000 in escrow fees, and $36,000 in fee income from non-

deposit investment sales included in "Other, net" in non-interest income on the consolidated statement of income, all considered within the scope of ASC 606. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $959,000 in service charges on deposits, $1.18 million in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, $17,000 in escrow fees, and $1,000 in fee income from non-deposit investment sales. For the six months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $1.96 million in service charges on deposits, $2.44 million in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, $35,000 in escrow fees, and $2,000 in fee income from non-deposit investment sales.

If a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies its performance obligation. Descriptions of the Company's revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606 are as follows:

• Service Charges on Deposits: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers from a variety of deposit products and services. Non-transaction based fees such as account maintenance fees and monthly statement fees are considered to be provided to the customer under a day-to-day contract with ongoing renewals. Revenue for these non-transaction fees are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Transaction-based fees such as non-sufficient fund charges, stop payment charges and wire fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed, as the contract duration does not extend beyond the service performed.
• ATM and Debit Card Interchange Transaction Fees: The Company earns fees from cardholder transactions conducted through third-party payment network providers which consist of interchange fees earned from the payment networks as a debit card issuer. These fees are recognized when the transaction occurs, but may settle on a daily or monthly basis.
• Escrow Fees: The Company earns fees from real estate escrow contracts with customers. The Company receives and disburses money and/or property according to the customer's contract. Fees are recognized when the escrow contract closes.
• Fee Income from Non-deposit Investment Sales: The Company earns fees from contracts with customers for investment activities. Revenues are generally recognized monthly and are generally based on a percentage of the customer's assets under management or based on investment solutions that are implemented for the customer.

(12) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit-worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. However, such loan to value ratios will subsequently change, based on increases and decreases in the supporting collateral values. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate, land and income-producing commercial properties.

A summary of the Company's commitments at March 31, 2026 and 2025, are listed below (in thousands):

The Company maintains a separate ACL related to unfunded loan commitments. Management estimates the amount of expected losses related to unfunded, off-balance sheet commitments over the contractual period in which there is exposure to credit risk from a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless the Company has determined that obligation is unconditionally cancellable. The methodology for calculating the ACL on unfunded loan commitments is similar to the methodology for calculating the ACL on loans but also includes an estimate of the future utilization of the commitment as determined by historical utilization. Credit risk associated with the unfunded commitments is consistent with the loss ratio for each loan segment within the ACL for loans. The ACL on unfunded commitments is recognized in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets and is adjusted as a provision for (recapture of) credit losses on the consolidated income statements. The ACL on unfunded loan commitments totaled $386,000 and $320,000 at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively

The following table sets forth information for the three and six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, regarding activity in the ACL on unfunded loan commitments (dollars in thousands):

The Bank has an employee severance compensation plan which expires in 2027 that provides severance pay benefits to eligible employees in the event of a change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank (as defined in the plan). In general, all employees with two or more years of service are eligible to participate in the plan. Under the plan, in the event of a change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank, eligible employees who are terminated or who terminate employment (but only upon the occurrence of events specified in the plan) within 12 months of the effective date of a change in control would be entitled to a payment based on years of service or officer rank with the Bank. The maximum payment for any eligible employee would be equal to 18 months of the employee’s current compensation.

Timberland Bancorp has employment agreements with its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Lending Officer and Chief Technology Officer which provide for severance payments and other benefits if the officers are involuntarily terminated following a change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank. The maximum value of the severance benefits under these agreements is equal to 2.99 times the officer's average annual compensation during the five-year period preceding the effective date of the change in control.

Because of the nature of its activities, the Company is subject to various pending and threatened legal actions which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, liabilities arising from these claims, if any, will not have a material effect on the future consolidated financial position of the Company.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

As used in this Form 10-Q, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. References to the “Bank” in this Form 10-Q, refer to Timberland Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Timberland Bancorp, Inc., and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Timberland Service Corporation.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to assist in understanding our financial condition and results of operations. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. The following analysis discusses the material changes in the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company at and for the three and six months ended March 31, 2026.

FHLB Borrowings: The Company has short- and long-term borrowing lines with the FHLB with total credit available on the lines equal to 45% of the Bank's total assets, limited by available collateral. FHLB borrowings remained unchanged at $20.00 million at both March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025. The borrowings consist of three borrowings: two totaling $15.00 million with scheduled maturities in May 2026, both bearing interest at 3.95%, and one $5.00 million borrowing maturing in August 2026 with an interest rate of 4.03%.

Shareholders’ Equity: Total shareholders’ equity increased by $8.48 million, or 3.2%, to $271.09 million at March 31, 2026 from $262.61 million at September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily due to net income of $15.35 million. This increase was partially offset by dividend payments to common shareholders of $4.50 million and the repurchase of 109,303 shares of the Company's common stock for $4.11 million, net of tax.

Asset Quality and Commercial Real Estate Portfolio Breakdown:

Non-performing assets to total assets was 0.47% and 0.23% at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively. Non-performing assets increased by $4.99 million, or 107.1%, to $9.66 million at March 31, 2026 from $4.66 million at September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily due to a $5.00 million increase in non-accrual loans. The increase in non-accrual loans was primarily driven by a $4.70 million increase in the commercial real estate portfolio, reflecting the addition of a hotel/motel relationship, along with a $397,000 increase in commercial business and a $153,000 increase in one- to four- family loans. These increases were partially offset by a $250,000 decrease in the home equity and second mortgage portfolio.

Substandard loans decreased $23.27 million to $9.54 million at March 31, 2026 from $32.81 million at September 30, 2025. As of March 31, 2026, substandard loans are 0.66% of total loans receivable. The decrease is primarily a result of the largest substandard loan that was secured by a land development project paying off during the period and the second largest substandard loan that was secured by an apartment property being upgraded.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the Company’s non-performing assets at March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

(1) At both March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025 there was one one- to four-family property in the process of foreclosure.

(2) Does not include loans held for sale. Loan balances are before any reduction of the ACL.

The following tables provide a breakdown of commercial real estate ("CRE") loans by collateral types as of March 31, 2026 and September 30, 2025:

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

Net income increased by $376,000, or 5.6%, to $7.13 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $6.76 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. Net income per diluted common share increased by $0.05, or 5.9%, to $0.90 for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $0.85 for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The increases in net income and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026, were primarily due to a $1.03 million increase in net interest income and a $120,000 increase in non-interest income. These increases were partially offset by a $465,000 increase in non-interest expense and a $277,000 increase in provision for credit losses.

Net income increased by $1.73 million, or 12.7%, to $15.35 million for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from $13.62 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025. Net earnings per diluted common share increased by $0.23, or 13.5%, to $1.94 for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from $1.71 for the six months ended March 31, 2025. The increases in net income and net earnings per diluted common share were due to a $3.01 million increase in net interest income and a $187,000 increase in non-interest income. These increases were partially offset by a $830,000 increase in non-interest expense and a $216,000 increase in provision for credit losses.

Net Interest Income: Net interest income increased by $1.03 million, or 6.0%, to $18.24 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $17.21 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily due to a $101.78 million increase in average interest-earning assets and a 12 basis point decrease in the average cost of interest bearing liabilities to 2.35% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from 2.47% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. These benefits were partially offset by a six basis point decrease in the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets to 5.42% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from 5.48% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and a $78.04 million increase in average interest-bearing liabilities.

Total interest and dividend income increased by $1.09 million, or 4.4%, to $25.96 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $24.87 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to a $38.10 million increase in average loan balances and a nine basis point improvement in loan yields, which together increased loan interset income by $897,000. The improvement on loan yields reflects continued asset repricing, partially offset by a $19.44 million decrease in the average balance of investment securities. Prepayment penalties, non-accrual interest and late fees totaled $38,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 compared to $201,000 in the prior year quarter which reduced the loan portfolio yield by one basis point. Interest income on deposits in banks and CD's increased $450,000 due to an $83.13 million increase in average balances, partially offset by a 73 basis point decline in yields reflecting lower short-term interest rates. These increases were partially offset by a $252,000 decrease in investment securities income driven by both a $19.48 million decrease in average balance and a 15 basis point decline in yields.

Total interest expense increased by $59,000, or 0.8%, to $7.71 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $7.65 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The increase was minimal despite a $78.04 million increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, as the average cost of those liabilities declined 12 basis points to 2.35% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from 2.47% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The lower funding costs reflect repricing of money market accounts and retail certificates of deposit in response to changes in market interest rates, partially offset by higher rates on NOW checking accounts. Average balances of retail CDs, NOW checking accounts and money market accounts increased, while brokered CD and savings account balances declined, reducing higher-cost wholesale funding and reflecting a continued shift toward core deposit funding.

As a result of changes above, the NIM increased two basis points to 3.81% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from 3.79% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The improvement reflects the impact of Federal Reserve rate reductions, which drove a 12 basis point decline in funding costs, more than offsetting a six basis point decrease in asset yields as the effect of lower market rates outpaced the benefit from the increase in average loan balances and repricing of adjustable-rate loans

Net interest income increased by $3.01 million, or 8.8%, to $37.19 million for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from $34.18 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily due to a $101.58 million increase in average interest-earning assets and a three basis point increase in the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets to 5.47% for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from 5.44% for the six months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to the increase in average loan balances and a 19 basis point increase in loan yields. These increases were partially offset by a $76.75 million increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, while a 15 basis point decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities to 2.40% for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from 2.55% for the six months ended March 31, 2025 largely offset the impact of the increased liability balances.

Total interest and dividend income increased $3.03 million, or 6.0%, to $53.15 million for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from $50.12 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to a $39.28 million increase in average loan balances and a 19 basis point improvement in loan yields to 6.04% for the six months ended March 31, 2026, which together increased loan interest income by $2.54 million. The improvement in loan yields reflects continued asset repricing of adjustable-rate loans, supported by $338,000 in prepayment penalties, non-accrual interest and late fees compared to $316,000 in the prior year period. Interest income on deposits in banks and CDs increased $1.03 million due to an $86.40 million increase in average balances, partially offset by a 75 basis point decline in yields to 3.85% for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from 4.60% for the six months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting lower short-term interest rates. These increases were partially offset by a $528,000 decrease in interest income earned on investment securities primarily due to a $24.1 million decrease in average balances.

Total interest expense increased by $16,000, or 0.1%, to $15.96 million for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from $15.94 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was limited despite a $76.75 million increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, as the average cost of those liabilities declined 15 basis points to 2.40% for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from 2.55% for the six months ended March 31, 2025. The lower funding costs reflect repricing of money market accounts and retail certificates of deposit in response to Federal Reserve rate reductions during the period, partially offset by higher rates on NOW checking accounts. Average balances of retail CDs, NOW checking accounts and money market accounts increased, while brokered CD and savings account balances declined, reducing higher-cost wholesale funding and reflecting a continued shift toward core deposit funding.

Net interest margin expanded 12 basis points to 3.83% for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from 3.71% for the six months ended March 31, 2025. The improvement reflects a 15 basis point decline in funding costs driven by reductions in money market, certificate of deposit and brokered CD rates following three reductions in the target federal funds rate by the FOMC in the second half of calendar year 2025, to a range of 3.50% to 3.75% in December 2025. These benefits exceeded the three basis point increase in asset yields, which was supported by an increase in average loan balances and the upward repricing of adjustable-rate loans.

Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities as well as the total dollar amounts of interest income from average interest-earning assets and interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities and average yields and costs. Such yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing income or expense by the average daily balance of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented (dollars in thousands).

(1) Does not include interest on loans on non-accrual status. Includes loans held for sale. Amortized net deferred loan fees, late fees, extension fees, prepayment penalties, and the accretion of the fair value discount on loans are included with interest and dividends.

(2) Average balances include loans and investment securities on non-accrual status.

(3) Net interest income divided by total average interest-earning assets, annualized.

(1) Does not include interest on loans on non-accrual status. Includes loans held for sale. Amortized net deferred loan fees, late fees, extension fees, prepayment penalties, and the accretion of the fair value discount on loans are included with interest and dividends.

(2) Average balances include loans and investment securities on non-accrual status.

(3) Net interest income divided by total average interest-earning assets, annualized.

Rate Volume Analysis

The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on the net interest income of the Company. Information is provided with respect to the (i) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), and (iii) the net change (sum of the prior columns). Changes in rate/volume have been allocated to rate and volume variances based on the absolute values of each (dollars in thousands).

Provision for Credit Losses: A $523,000 provision for credit losses was recorded for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, consisting of a $523,000 provision for credit losses on loans, a $3,000 recapture of credit losses on investment securities, and a $3,000 provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments. The provision for credit losses on loans was primarily due to a commercial real estate loan secured by a hotel in Oregon that is a purchased participation with another community bank. A $246,000 provision for credit losses was recorded for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, consisting of a $237,000 provision for credit losses on loans, a $5,000 recapture of credit losses on investment securities and an $14,000 provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments.

We recorded a $488,000 provision for credit losses for the six months ended March 31, 2026, consisting of a $539,000 provision for credit losses on loans primarily due to the hotel credit discussed above, a $5,000 recapture of credit losses on investment securities which was primarily due to maturities and principal repayments, and a $46,000 recapture of credit losses on unfunded loan commitments which was primarily due to a decrease in the amounts of unfunded loans. A $272,000 provision for credit losses was recorded for the six months ended March 31, 2025, consisting of a $289,000 provision for credit losses on loan, a $10,000 recapture of credit losses on investment securities, and a $7,000 recapture of credit losses on unfunded loan commitments.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, there were no net charge-offs. For the six months ended March 31, 2026, there were net recoveries of $18,000 compared to a net charge-offs of $242,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to the addition of a commercial real estate loan secured by a hotel in Oregon. Non-accrual loans increased by $5.00 million, or 113.4%, to $9.41 million at March 31, 2026 from $4.41 million at September 30, 2025, and increased by $7.08 million, or 300.2%, from $2.33 million at March 31, 2025. Total delinquent loans (past due 30 days or more) and non-accrual loans

increased by $4.74 million, or 83.8%, to $10.40 million at March 31, 2026, from $5.66 million at September 30, 2025 and increased by $7.07 million, or 212.9%, from $3.32 million one year ago.

While management believes the estimates and assumptions used in its determination of the adequacy of the ACL are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such estimates and assumptions will not be proven incorrect in the future, or that the actual amount of future provisions will not exceed the amount of past provisions or that any increased provisions will not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. A further decline in national and local economic conditions, as a result of the effects of inflation, changes in interest rates, uncertainty related to trade policy, a potential recession or slowed economic growth, among other factors, could result in a material increase in the ACL and may have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the determination of the amount of the ACL is also subject to review by bank regulators as part of the routine examination process, which may result in the adjustment of reserves based upon their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examination and have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

For additional information, see Note 4 of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in “Item 1, Financial Statements.”

Non-interest Income: Total non-interest income increased by $120,000, or 4.5%, to $2.81 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $2.69 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily due to a $114,000 increase in gain on sale of loans, reflecting a higher volume of fixed-rate one- to four-family mortgages sold into the secondary market, a $37,000 increase in servicing income on loans sold and smaller increases in several other categories. These increases were partially offset by a $45,000 decrease in ATM and debit card interchange fees, primarily due to lower transaction volume and a $45,000 decrease in service charges on deposits, reflecting lower overdraft-related fee activity.

Total non-interest income for the six months ended March 31, 2026 increased $187,000, or 3.5%, to $5.57 million from $5.38 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily due to a $149,000 increase in gain on sale of loans, a $63,000 increase in servicing income on loans sold and smaller increases in several other categories. These increases were partially offset by a $118,000 decrease in ATM and debit card interchange fees, a $35,000 decrease in service charges on deposits and smaller decreases in several other categories.

Non-interest Expense: Total non-interest expense increased by $465,000, or 4.2%, to $11.66 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $11.19 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This increase was mainly due to a $492,000 increase in salaries and employee benefits due to compensation increases and the filling of open lending positions, a $93,000 increase in state and local taxes expense, a $56,000 increase in technology and communications expense and a $41,000 increase in premises and equipment expense primarily related to the opening of the University Place branch in January 2026. These increases were partially offset by a $106,000 decrease in professional fees expense, a $50,000 decrease in ATM and debit card interchange expense and smaller changes in several other expense categories.

The efficiency ratio for the current quarter improved to 55.38% compared to 56.25% for the comparable quarter one year ago. The improvement in the efficiency ratio was due to a $1.15 million increase in total revenue driven primarily by higher net interest income, which was offset by a $465,000 increase in non-interest expense.

Total non-interest expense increased $830,000, or 3.7%, to $23.09 million for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from $22.26 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to an $854,000 increase in salary and employee benefits, due to annual compensation increases and the filling of open lending positions, a $205,000 increase in state and local taxes expense, and a $165,000 increase in premises and equipment expense due to the opening of the University Place branch in January 2026. These increases were partially offset by a $136,000 decrease in professional fees expense and a $29,000 decrease in technology and communications expense.

The efficiency ratio improved to 53.99% for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from 56.26% for the six months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting growth in net interest income that outpaced the increase in non-interest expense.

Provision for Income Taxes: The provision for income taxes increased by $33,000, or 1.9%, to $1.74 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 from $1.71 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The increase in the provision for income taxes was primarily due to higher pre-tax income. The Company's effective income tax rate was 19.6% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 and 20.2% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The provision for income taxes increased by $421,000, or 12.3%, to $3.84 million for the six months ended March 31, 2026 from $3.42 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025.

The increase was primarily due to higher pre-tax income. The Company's effective tax rate was 20.0% for the six months ended March 31, 2026 compared to 20.1% for the six months ended March 31, 2025.

Liquidity

The Company's primary sources of funds are customer deposits, proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans, the sale of loans, maturing investment securities, maturing CDs held for investment and borrowings, if needed, from the FHLB and FRB. While the maturities and the scheduled amortization of loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competitive factors.

The Bank maintains an adequate level of liquidity to ensure that sufficient funds are available to fund its operations. It generally holds sufficient cash and short-term investments to meet short-term liquidity needs. At March 31, 2026, the Bank's regulatory liquidity ratio (net cash, and short-term and marketable assets, as a percentage of net deposits and short-term liabilities) was 19.39%. The Bank maintains a credit facility with the FHLB providing immediately available borrowings of up to 45% of total assets, limited by available collateral. At March 31, 2026, the Bank had a total of $718.24 million available for borrowings with the FHLB of which $20.00 million was outstanding. Additionally, the Bank maintains a short-term borrowing line with the FRB, with total credit based on eligible collateral, under the Borrower-in-Custody program with $80.17 million available and no outstanding balance at March 31, 2026. The Bank also maintains a $50.00 million overnight borrowing line with Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank ("PCBB") and a $25.00 million overnight borrowing line with Zions Bank with no outstanding balance on either line at March 31, 2026. Subject to market conditions, the Bank may utilize these borrowing facilities to fund loan originations and deposits withdrawals, satisfy other financial commitments, repay maturing debt and to pursue investment opportunities as appropriate.

Liquidity management is both a short and long-term responsibility of the Bank's management. The Bank adjusts its investments in liquid assets based upon management's assessment of (i) expected loan demand, (ii) projected loan sales, (iii) expected deposit flows, and (iv) yields available on interest-bearing deposits. Excess liquidity is invested generally in interest-bearing overnight deposits, CDs held for investment and short-term government and agency obligations. If the Bank requires funds beyond its ability to generate them internally, it has additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB, the FRB and PCBB.

The Bank's primary investing activity is the origination of loans and, to a lesser extent, the purchase of investment securities. During the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Bank originated $144.18 million and $128.66 million of loans, respectively. At March 31, 2026, the Bank had undisbursed lines of credit and commitments to extend credit totaling $178.85 million and undisbursed construction loans in process totaling $90.58 million. Investment securities purchased during the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 totaled $24.95 million and $22.42 million, respectively.

The Bank’s liquidity is also affected by the volume of loans sold and loan principal payments. During the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Bank sold $19.76 million and $7.48 million, respectively, in loans and loan participation interests. During the six months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Bank received $173.56 million and $117.67 million in principal repayments, respectively.

The Bank's liquid assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents, CDs held for investment, and investment securities available for sale (including equity securities) increased to $393.37 million at March 31, 2026 from $328.89 million at September 30, 2025. CDs that are scheduled to mature in less than one year from March 31, 2026 totaled $424.29 million. Historically, the Bank has been able to retain a significant amount of its deposits as they mature.

Capital expenditures are incurred on an ongoing basis to expand and improve the Bank's product offerings, enhance and modernize technology infrastructure, and to introduce new technology-based products to compete effectively in the various markets. Capital expenditure projects are evaluated based on a variety of factors, including expected strategic impacts (such as forecasted impact on revenue growth, productivity, expenses, service levels and customer retention) and the expected return on investment. The amount of capital investment is influenced by, among other things, current and projected demand for services and products, cash flow generated by operating activities, cash required for other purposes and regulatory considerations.

For the remainder of the 2026 fiscal year, the Bank projects that fixed commitments will include approximately $176,000 of operating lease payments. All $20.00 million of FHLB borrowings are scheduled to mature during fiscal year 2026. In addition, at March 31, 2026, the Bank had other future obligations and accrued expenses totaling $9.15 million.

The Bank's management believes that the liquid assets combined with the available lines of credit provide adequate liquidity to meet current financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.

Timberland Bancorp is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity and pay its own operating expenses. In addition to is operating expenses, Timberland Bancorp is responsible for paying any dividends declared, if any, to its shareholders and funds paid for Company stock repurchases. Sources of capital and liquidity for Timberland Bancorp include distributions from the Bank and the issuance of debt or equity securities. However, the Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to regulatory limitations, including capital adequacy requirements and supervisory approval under certain circumstances. The Bank maintains strong capital levels and earnings capacity, which support its ability to upstream dividends to Timberland Bancorp, subject to applicable regulatory constraints. At March 31, 2026, Timberland Bancorp (on an unconsolidated basis) had liquid assets of $412,000.

The Company currently expects to continue its practice of paying quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors, which may modify or discontinue this practice at any time and for any reason without prior notice. The cash dividend rate announced on April 28, 2026 and payable on May 22, 2026 is $0.29 per share, a level the Company believes appropriately balances the objectives of investing in the Bank and returning capital to shareholders. Based on the number of shares outstanding as of March 31, 2026, continued payment at this rate would result in an average total quarterly dividend of approximately $2.27 million.

In addition, from time to time, our Board of Directors has authorized stock repurchase plans. In general, stock repurchase plans allow us to proactively manage our capital position and return excess capital to shareholders. Shares purchased under such plans may also provide us with shares of common stock necessary to satisfy obligations related to stock compensation awards. On July 22, 2025, the Company announced the adoption of a new stock repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to 5% of the outstanding shares, or 393,842 shares. The repurchase program may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares.

Capital Resources

The Bank, as a state-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. Under the FDIC's capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.

Consistent with the Bank's goals to operate a sound and profitable organization, it is the Bank's policy to maintain a "well-capitalized" status under the regulatory capital categories of the FDIC. Based on capital levels at March 31, 2026, the Bank was considered to be "well-capitalized" under applicable regulatory requirements. Management monitors the capital levels to provide for current and future business opportunities and to maintain the Bank's "well-capitalized" status.

The following table compares the Bank’s actual capital amounts at March 31, 2026, to its minimum regulatory capital requirements at that date (dollars in thousands):

In addition to the minimum common equity Tier 1 ("CET1"), Tier 1 and total capital ratios, the Bank is required to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum capital levels. Failure to maintain the required buffer could result in limitations on the Bank’s ability to pay dividends, repurchase shares, and pay discretionary bonuses, based on specified percentages of eligible retained income. At March 31, 2026, the Bank’s capital exceeded the conservation buffer.

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve and is subject to capital adequacy requirements under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. For bank holding companies with less than $3.0 billion in consolidated assets (as of June 30th of the preceding year), the Federal Reserve capital guidelines are generally applied on a bank only basis. In such cases, the Federal Reserve expects the subsidiary bank to be well capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations. If Timberland Bancorp, Inc. were subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies with $3.0 billion or more in assets, at March 31, 2026, Timberland Bancorp, Inc. would have exceeded all regulatory requirements. The following table presents for informational purposes the regulatory capital ratios for Timberland Bancorp, Inc. as of March 31, 2026 (dollars in thousands):

Key Financial Ratios and Data